Glossary

THE BANKING SYSTEM IN ROMANIA

(accounting) ledger = Cartea - mare;
account = cont;
~ foreign exchange = devize n cont;
~ payable = cont creditor;
~ receivable = cont debitor;
~ settled = cont achitat;
bank ~ = cont bancar;
current ~ = cont curent;
foreign exchange ~ = cont n devize;
on ones ~ = pe cont propriu;
personal ~ = cont personal;
profit and loss ~(P&L- in UK) = cont de profit i pierdere;
sales ~ = cont de vnzri (al agentului / comisionarului);
sight ~ = depozit la vedere;
statement of ~ = extras de cont;
the running of an ~ = micarea contului;
to keep open accounts = a ine contabilitatea / conturile;
income and expenditure account = cont de venituri i cheltuieli;
accountant = contabil;
certified ~ = contabil autorizat;
accounting = contabilitate;

Glossary

applicant = solicitant, petiionar;

assets = bunuri; active;
audit = verificarea conturilor de ctre o societate specializat; activitate
desfurat de o persoan specializat numit auditor;
auditing commission = comisia de cenzori;
balance = sold;
bank ~ = sold bancar;
credit ~ = sold creditor;
debit ~ = sold debitor;
balance of payments = balan de pli;
balance of trade = balan comercial;
balance sheet = bilan contabil;
bank = banc;
~ deposit = depozit bancar;
~ loan = mprumut bancar;
agricultural ~ = banc agricol specializat n acordarea de credite
pentru dezvoltarea agriculturii;
central ~ = banc care realizeaz politica economic a guvernului;
clearing ~ = banc de compensare, n acest caz, banca este membr a
unei case de compensaie, specializat n decontarea cecurilor;
commercial ~ = banc comercial specializat n constituirea de
depozite, efectuarea de transferuri de fonduri; poate s fie o societate
pe aciuni sau o banc particular;
discounting ~ = banc specializat n scontarea cambiilor;
Federal Reserve Bank = Banca Central a Statelor Unite ale Americii;
Industrial ~ = o banc care face parte dintr-un grup de case mici
financiare, care primete investiii de la persoane fizice;
issuing ~ = instituie financiar care gestioneaz o nou emisiune de
aciuni;
joint-stock ~ = banc constituit ca societate pe aciuni;

Glossary

merchant ~ = banc de afaceri, este o instituie specializat n

efectuarea operaiunilor n domeniul industrial i al business-ului.
banking = activitate bancar;
banking Directives = Directive bancare emise de Uniunea Europeana;
bankruptcy = faliment, incapacitate de plat;
bankers bank = funcie a unei Bnci Centrale banc a bancilor; banc
care refinaneaz sistemul bancar;
banks own capital = capitalul propriu al bncii;
BIS = Bank for International Settlements = Banca Internaional a
Reglementelor;
bill = titlu, bon;
Bill of Exchange = bank draft = cambie;
Board of directors = Consiliu de administraie;
~meeting = edina Consiliului de administraie;
bond = (aici) obligaiune;
book - keeping = contabilitate;
double-entry ~ = contabilitate n dubl partid;
borrow (to) = a mprumuta;
borrowed reserves = rezerve atrase; rezerve mprumutate;
branch = sucursala unei banci;
building society = societate ipotecar; n UK este o instituie financiar care
ofer ipoteci, fondurile acesteia provenind din depozitele
constituite de publicul larg;
capital = n sens larg, avuie acumulat;

Glossary

(aici) se refer, n special, la resursele unei persoane fizice, ale

unei organizaii, ale unei bnci;
capital market = piaa de capital;
capital structure = structura capitalului;
capital assets = fixed assets = fonduri fixe;
cash = bani lichizi, numerar format din bancnote i monede;
cash flow = flux de numerar;
ceiling of gold = plafon pentru aur;
Central Bank = Banca Central;
charge = tax;
chart of accounts = planul de conturi;
chattel = bunuri mobile;
claim = (aici) crean;
commission = comision;
commitment fee = comision de angajare;
credit co-operative = credit union = cooperativ de credit;
credit institution = instituie de credit;
creditor = creditor, persoan care deine creane bneti asupra altor
entiti;
currency = bancnote i monede folosite ca moned naional a unei ri;
foreign ~ = valut;
convertible ~ = valut convertibil;
hard ~ = valut forte;

Glossary

reserve ~ = valut deinut de Banca Central;

currency position = poziie valutar.
dead line = termen limit;
debentures = titluri de credit; titluri de valoare emise de societi cu
rspundere limitat n schimbul unor mprumuturi pe termen
lung;
debt = datorie, obligaie;
bad ~ = datorie care nu a fost i nici nu se sper a fi achitat;
National Debt = datoria guvernului;
debtor = debitor o persoan sau o socieate comercial care datoreaz
bani, bunuri sau servicii unei alte persoane;
deficit = depirea veniturilor de ctre cheltuieli sau a activelor de ctre
pasive;
buget ~ = un buget neechilibrat cauzat de cheltuielile mai mari
dect veniturile;
trade ~ = o balan de pli neechilibrat n care exporturile au
fost depite de exporturi;
deposit = depozit;
discount = scontare;
~ house = cas de scontare;
~ market = piaa scontului;
~ rate = rata scontului.
Early Warning and Rating System = sistem de avertizare timpurie i de
stabilire a rating-ului de ar;
electronic banking = activitate bancar derulat electronic;
endowment capital = capital de dotare;
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) = Banca
European pentru Reconstrucie i Dezvoltare (BERD);

Glossary

European Community (EC) = Comunitatea European (EU);

European Central Bank (ECB) = Banca Central European;
European Union (EU) = Uniunea European;
exchange = schimb, pia;
exchange control = control valutar;
exchange rate = curs de schimb;
fixed ~ = curs de schimb fix;
floating ~ = curs de schimb fluctuant;
managed floating ~ = curs de schimb cu fluctuare dirijat;
managed ~ = curs de schimb controlat;
flexible ~ = curs de schimb flexibil;
pegged ~ = curs de schimb legat;
crawling ped ~ = curs de schimb trtor sau cu paritate
glisant;
spot ~ = curs de schimb la vedere;
forward ~ = curs de schimb la termen;
external assets and liabilities = active i pasive externe;
field of activity = domeniu de activitate;
financial leasing = leasing financiar;
fiscal year = an fiscal;
foreign assets = active externe;
foreign liabilities = pasive externe;
foreign currency/foreign exchange currency = valut;
General Meeting of the Shareholders = Adunarea general a acionarilor;

Glossary

gross profit = profit brut;

headquarter premises = cldirea sediului central;
in bail = n custodie;
international foreign reserves = rezerve internaionale;
International Monetary Fund (IMF) = Fondul Monetar Internaional
(FMI);
issue guarantees (to) = a emite scrisori de garanie bancar;
joint-stock company = societate pe aciuni;
lender of last resort = creditor de ultim instan;
legal entity = legal person = persoan juridic;
legal tender = national currency = moned naional;
legal framework = cadru legal;
liability = obligaie, datorie, pasiv;
majority state-owned capital = cu capital integral de stat;
majority private capital = cu capital integral particular;
majority domestic capital = cu capital integral intern (autohton);
majority foreign capital = cu capital integral strin;
management of foreign exchange reserves = administrarea rezervelor
externe;
maturity = tenor = maturitate, scaden;
maximal exposure = expunere maxim;
merger = fuziune;

Glossary

minimum compulsory reserves = rezerve minime obligatorii;

monetary survey = situaie monetar;
monetary, foreign exchange, credit and payments policy = politic
monetar, valutar, de credit i pli;
money issue = emisiune bneasc;
money circulation = circulaia banilor;
money market = piat monetar;
money supply = broad money = mas monetar; bani n sens larg;
mortgage = ipotec;
net foreign position = poziia net extern;
off - balance sheet = n afara bilanului;
open an account with (to) = a deschide un cont la;
own capital = capital propriu;
pledge = (aici) gaj, zlog, amanet;
promissory notes drawn or endorsed = bilete la ordin trase sau andosate;
rate of interest = rata dobnzii pltit pentru atragerea capitalului utilizat
ntr-o afacere;
central bank discount ~ = rata de scont a Bncii Centrale;
accrued ~ = plata unei dobnzi datorate, dar care nu a fost
primit;
bank ~ = rat oficial a dobnzii stabilit de Bncile
Centrale; termenul nu se mai folosete n U.K.
fiind nlocuit cu minimum lending rate;
rate of return = rata profitului;

Glossary

real estate assets = active imobiliare;

rediscount = rescontare;
refinance (to) = a refinana;
reserve tranche = tran de rezerv;
retail banking = activitate bancar cu amnuntul;
revenue and expenditure budget = bugetul de venituri i cheltuieli;
savings (s.) = (aici) economie (de bani);
savings banks = bnci de economii/case de economii;
security = (aici) efect de comer, titlu de valoare;
settlement = (aici) decontare;
shareholder = acionar;
solvency = solvabilitate;
special drawing rights (SDR) holding = deinere de drepturi speciale de
tragere (DST);
stock = aciune (aici), stoc;
stock exchange = burs de valori;
subsidiary = filial;
reserve fund = fond de rezerv;
conclude an agreement (to) = a ncheia un acord;
grant a credit (to) = a acorda un credit;

Glossary

grant interest (to) = a bonifica dobnd;

issue banknote and coins (to) = a pune n circulaie bancnote i monede de
metal;
lend to the banking companies (to) = refinance the banking system (to)
= a acorda mprumuturi bncilor / a
refinana;
open and keep an account (to) = a deschide i a menine un cont;
redeemable = recuperabil;
render (to) = provide banking services (to)= a acorda/ a presta servicii
bancare;
two tier levels = pe dou nivele;
Treasury = Trezorerie, departamentul economic i financiar central al unui
guvern;
vault cash = ghieu de casierie;
warehouse receipt = recipis / chitan warrant;
warrant = warrant;
weight (to) = (aici) a pondera;
withdraw (to) = a retrage bani.

THE BANKING SYSTEM IN ENGLAND

accountants department = departamentul de contabilitate;
bankrupt = faliment;
buying rate = curs de cumprare;

Glossary

charter/law/act = act de constituire a unei instituii sau organizaii

economice, lege;
coinage = batere de monede;
currency issue = emisiune monetar;
discount = discounting = scontare;
discount houses = casa de scontare;
discount market = pia a scontului;
discount rate = tax a scontului;
fiduciary issue = note issue = emisiune fiduciar de bancnote;
foreign exchange market = pia valutar;
foreign exchange rate = curs de schimb valutar;
Governments bank = banca guvernului;
hub = centru de activitate / de interes;
joint - stock banking company = societate bancar pe aciuni;
lender of the last resort = creditor de ultim instan;
lending institutions = instituii care acord mprumuturi; instituii de
mprumut;
merchants bank = banc de afaceri;
money market = piaa monetar;
mutual fund = fond mutual;
overdraft = descoperit n cont; sold debitor; sum tras din cont fr
acoperire.

Glossary

rate of interest = rata dobnzii;

selling rate = curs de vnzare;
subsidiary = filiala unei banci;
borrow (to) = a da cu mprumut;
draw a cheque (to) = a trage un cec;
lend, lent, lent (to) = a lua cu mprumut;
National Debt = datoria guvernului;
retail bank = activitate bancar cu amnuntul;
Treasury = Trezorerie (n SUA: Ministerul Finanelor);
Treasury bills = bilete de trezorerie;
trust bank = banc de custodie;
turnover = cifr de afaceri;

OTHER BANKING SYSTEM IN THE WORLD

chairman = preedinte;
Board of Governors = consiliul guvernatorilor;
money supply = mas monetar
discount rate = taxa scontului;
savings banks = bnci de economii;
vault cash = numerar n casierie;
pension and retirement funds = fonduri de pensie;

Glossary

failure = eec, faliment;

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation = FDIC = Fondul federal de
asigurare al depozitelor;
merge (to) = a fuziona;
Federal Reserves = Fed = este o agenie independent, creat n 1913, care
supervizeaz i verific bncile de stat care fac
parte din Sistemul Federal Reserve;
European System of Central Banks = ESCB = Sistemul European
al Bncilor Centrale;
European Central Bank = ECB = Banca Central European;
minimum reserves = rezerve minime obligatorii;

MONEY SERVICES
advise = sfat, informaie; (aici) aviz;
Airmail Transfer = transfer prin pota aerian;
application form = formular de cerere;
at sight/at presentation = la vedere/la prezentare;
available funds = fonduri disponibile;
Bankers draft = polia bancherului;
banking clerk = funcionar bancar;
banknotes = bancnote;
bearer = purttor;

Glossary

bearer bonds = titluri la purttor;

blank endorsement = andosare n alb;
by air = pe calea aerului;
by cable = telegrafic;
by endorsement = prin andosare;
by ordinary trasfer of debts = prin simplul transfer al creanelor;
cash = numerar, bani lichizi;
cashier = casier;
certificate cheque = cec certificat;
cheque = cec;
cheque payable to bearer = cec la purttor;
client = customer = client;
coins = monede;
collect (to) = a ncasa;
collection process = procesul de ncasare;
compulsory mentions = meniuni obligatorii;
cross = barare;
crossed cheque = cec barat;
drawee = tras;
drawee bank = banca trasului, n acest caz banca pltitoare;
drawer = trgtor;

Glossary

duties = ndatoriri; sarcini;

endorse (to) = a andosa;
endorsement = andosare;
endorser = persoan care efectueaz andosarea;
exchange risk = risc valutar;
expenses = cheltuieli;
general cross = barare general;
give instructions (to)= a da instruciuni;
holder = deintor;
input messages = mesaje de intrare;
interest charges = cheltuieli cu dobnd;
interest incomes = venituri din dobnzi;
International Money Order = mandat de plat internaional;
International Payment Order = ordin de plat internaional;
not to order = nu la ordin;
notify and pay (to)= a notifica i a plti;
order form = formular de ordin;
output messages = mesaje de ieire;
overseas bank = banc cu sediul n strintate;
owner = proprietar;

Glossary

passbook = carnet de cec;

payee = beneficiary = beneficiarul unei pli;
paying bank = banca pltitorului;
payment by cheque = plat prin cec;
payment in cash = plat cu numerar sau n bani lichizi;
postal orders = mandat potal;
proceeds = venituri;
remit funds aboard = a remite fonduri n strintate;
remittance by post = remitere prin pot;
remittance telegraphically = remitere telegrafic;
remitter = remitent;
securities = titluri de valoare;
simple remittance = remitere simpl;
special cross = barare special;
special endorsement = andosare special;
specimen signatures = specimen de semnturi;
Standing order = ordine de plat permanente;
Telegraphic transfer (TT)= transfer telegrafic;
be valid (to) = a fi valabil;
travellers cheque = cec de cltorie;

Glossary

ELECTRONIC BANKING SERVICES

debit cards = cri de debit;
Electronic banking services = servicii bancare electronice, adic servicii
efectuate prin calculator;
electronic cash = numerar electronic;
electronic cheque = cec electronic;
electronic money = moned electronic, bani electronici;
electronic signature = semntur electronic;
fraud = fraud;
network = reea;
~ transmission = reea de transmisie;
password = parol;
PIN = Personal Identification Number = numr personal de identificare;
POS = Point of Sale Terminal = locul vnzrii;
record (to) = a nregistra;
user = utilizator;
telephone banking = banc la domiciliu.

OTHER ELECTRONIC BANKING SERVICES

Electronic Funds Transfer = EFT = Transfer Electronic de Fonduri;
money transfer = transfer de bani;
Automated Teller Machine = ATM = ghieu automat de numerar;

Glossary

EFT-POS = Electronic Funds Transfer to the Selling Points Terminals

= transferul electronic al fondurilor la locul vnzrii;
credit cards = cri de credit;
store cards = carduri de magazin;
debit cards = cri de debit;
retailer = detailist;
magnetic strip = band magnetic;
cash dispensing = distribuitor de numerar;
balance inquiry = solicitarea soldului contului;
POS = Point of sale = punct de vnzare;
keyboard = tastatur;
Joint-stock banks = bnci pe aciuni
Money market = pia monetar.

BANKER - CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP

accountant = contabil;
Act/charter/law = lege;
adequate level of solvency = nivelul adecvat al solvabilitii;
application to open an account = cerere pentru a deschide un cont;
banker/bank = banc;
Banker-customer relationship = relaia dintre banc i client;
banking procedures = proceduri bancare;

Glossary

building societies = societi de construcii;

creditor = creditor;
current savings deposit = depozit curent de economii;
customer/client = client;
deal (to) = (a face o) tranzacie (cu);
debtor = debitor;
deputy = (aici) delegat; adjunct;
disbursement = plat, achitare;
duties and rights = obligaiuni i drepturi;
forgery = fraud;
insurance company = societate de asigurri;
legal person = persoan juridic;
lend (to )= a mprumuta (pe);
license/authorisation = licen / autorizaie;
licensed deposit taking institutions = instituii acreditate s constituie/primeasc depozite;
mortgage = ipotec;
natural person = persoan fizic;
overdrawn = fr acoperire;
proceeds = venituri;
recognised banks = bnci acreditate;

Glossary

sealed = sigilat;
sight interest = dobnda la vedere;
solicitor = avocat;
theft = furt;
be entitled to (to) = a fi mputernicit (s);
be supplied with (to) = a fi alimentat cu;
complete/conclude a contract (to) = a ncheia un contract;
finish/terminate/cancell a contract (to) = a rezilia un contract;
mortgage (to) = a ipoteca;
open an account with (to) = a deschide un cont;
pass on (to) = a statua;
vest somebody to do something (to) = a investi pe cineva s fac ceva;
Trustee Savings Bank = bnci de ncredere specializate n deinerea
economiilor (un fel de CEC);

RISKS MANAGEMENT
credit institution = instituie de credit;
risks management = administrarea riscurilor;
financial risks = riscuri financiare;
foreign exchange risk = risc valutar;
liquidity risk = risc de lichiditate;

Glossary

interest rate risk = riscul ratei dobnzii;

operational risk = risc operaional;
own funds = fonduri proprii;
commitments = angajamente;
solvency = solvabilitate;
banking rating system and the early warning system = sistem de
avertizare timpurie i de stabilire a rating-ului de ar;
level of large exposures = nivelul expunerilor mari;
minimum level of the capital = nivelul minim al capitalului;
administrative procedures = proceduri administrative;
internal control procedures = proceduri de control intern;
classification of credits = clasificarea creditelor;
large loans = mprumuturi mari;
loans granted to the debtors in special relations with a bank =
mprumuturi acordate debitorilor care se afl n relaii speciale cu banca;
liquidity = lichiditate;
debt service = serviciul datoriei;
doubtful credit = credit ndoielnic;
interest rate risk = riscul ratei dobnzii;
off balance sheet items = elemente n afara bilanului contabil;
prudential measures = msuri de prudenialitate;

Glossary

credit risk = riscul de credit;

watch credit = credit n observaie;
doubtful credit = credit ndoielnic;
loss credit = credit de pierdere;
shareholder = acionar;
own capital = capital propriu;
grant a credit (to) = a acorda un credit;
financial-accounting department = departamentul financiar-contabil;
assets = active;

BANKS AND LENDING

accountant = contabil;
auction credit =credit de licitaie;
borrowed funds = fonduri atrase (mprumutate);
capability = ability = capacitate; abilitate;
currency risk = riscul de schimb valutar;
fixed interest rate loan = mprumut cu rata dobnzii fix;
floating interest rate loan = mprumut cu rata dobnzii flotanta;
legal person = persoan juridic;
lending = mprumut;

Glossary

lending facilities = faciliti legate de acordarea mprumutului;

liabilities = pasive;
liquidity risk = riscul de lichiditate;
Lombard credit = credit lombard;
loss = pierdere;
market risk = riscul pieei;
minimum capital = capital minim;
operational risk = riscul operaional.
own capital = capital propriu;
paid up capital = capital vrsat;
physical person = persoan fizic;
preferential credit = credit preferenial;
purpose = destination = scop / destinaie;
repayment = plat;
solicitor = avocat; (amer. procuror);
solvency ratio = rata solvabilitii;
special credit = credit special;
standard credit = credit standard;
structural credit = credit structural;
substandard credit = credit substandard;

Glossary

supplementary capital = capital suplimentar;

weight (to) = a pondera;
variable interest rate loan = mprumut cu rata dobnzii variabil;
watch credit = (aici) credit n observare