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CUPRINS :
INTRODUCERE.................................................................................................................3
1. ANALIZA VARIABILITATII GLOBALE A VARIABILEI STUDIATE.......................4
1.1. ANALIZA VALORILOR EXTREME.................................................................5
1.2.ANALIZA DISTRIBUTIEI FRECVENTEI VALORILOR...................................6
1.2.1. REPREZENTAREA GRAFICA A DISTRIBUTIEI VALORILOR......................6
1.2.2. TESTAREA NORMALITATII DISTRIBUTIEI VALORILOR (TESTUL ) 6
2.ANALIZA VARIABILITATII SPATIALE (A.V.S.).........................................................8
2.1. CALCULUL VARIOGRAMEI EXPERIMENTALE OMNIDIRECTIONALE......9
2.2. MODELAREA VARIOGRAMEI EXPERIMENTALE OMNIDIRECTIONALE 11
Etapele modelarii variogramei experimentale omnidirectionale:..................................11
INTRODUCERE
Obiectivul referatului: insusirea metodologiei de estimare a distributiei spatiale pentru o
variabila geologica de tip numeric.
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
v
34.02
36.51
34.62
33.57
32.13
31.99
31.62
32.52
30.7
32.22
32.14
30.55
33.19
30.46
29.78
29.36
34.39
29.2
28.15
27.36
25.83
27.02
28.37
28.33
29
30.33
nN
1 v v 2
n
EXP c
s
s 2
2
Unde:
n = numarul de valori
intervalul de grupare
s = abaterea standard
v = valoarea medie
Frecv.abs.exp
Val.centr
Frecv.absol.teoretica
Hi 2 exp
v.max
v.min
amplitudine
n
d
coef.asim
val.medie
s
Hi experim
Hi teoretic
alfa
eroare
estim
calculate
34.62
25.29
9.33
48
1.41756
0.10155
29.9615
2.36217
10.5125
12.017
rot
35
25
9
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
3
1
6
9
6
8
4
5
3
3
48
25.5
26.5
27.5
28.5
29.5
30.5
31.5
32.5
33.5
34.5
0.1
0.56081
1.930929368
3.927335928
6.677237835
9.489924837
11.27446213
11.19685421
9.295298639
6.450565705
3.74196216
1.814546541
65.79911735
0.591897
2.181961
0.068689
0.025293
2.467519
0.912745
3.016599
0.326195
0.147117
0.774463
10.51248
N d
1
vi v j 2
2 N d i 1
Unde:
d- distanta intre perechile de valori;
N(d)-numarul de puncte situate la distanta d;
vi , vj - valorile variabilei masurate in punctele Pi si Pj .
Etape de lucru:
Date necesare: x, y, v.
Instumentul: variograma
Column D: v
Direction: 0.0 Tolerance: 90.0
17
22
11
29
35
10
22
23
Variogram
2523
18
24
33
36
34
20
20
19
3
15
22
17
18
1
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
Lag Distance
300
a.Modelul Exponential
Column D: v
Direction: 0.0 Tolerance: 90.0
17
22
11
29
35
10
22
23
Variogram
2523
18
24
33
36
34
20
20
19
3
15
22
17
18
1
0
0
50
100
150
200
Lag Distance
b.Modelul Gaussian
250
300
Column D: v
Direction: 0.0 Tolerance: 90.0
17
22
11
29
35
10
22
23
Variogram
2523
18
24
33
36
34
20
20
19
3
15
22
17
18
1
0
0
50
100
150
200
Lag Distance
c.Modelul Wave
250
300
Column D: v
Direction: 0.0 Tolerance: 90.0
17
22
11
29
35
10
22
23
Variogram
2523
18
24
33
36
34
20
20
19
3
15
22
17
18
1
0
0
50
100
150
200
Lag Distance
250
300
Eroare model
Gaussian
-2.29422
1.545884
0.504332
-0.10314
-3.04997
1.559452
-0.01744
-0.29864
-1.05756
1.597039
10.97757
-1.68305
-0.63586
0.372832
0.146336
0.35852
-0.41976
0.398391
-1.12053
0.170782
-0.387
1.827576
0.802487
-1.68224
0.580794
-0.93122
0.39802
0.036436
0.409503
3.095681
-0.28416
0.192439
0.04969
-0.48379
0.918288
0.119319
-4.45233
96.71
132.14
184.83
243.88
393.77
354.71
231.16
236.61
162.12
90.35
57.65
39.48
88.53
192.1
193
113.97
33.12
53.1
165.75
104.88
66.73
35.84
174.84
325.64
320.19
270.22
237.52
570.01
697.19
735.35
538.21
465.54
440.1
373.78
362.88
312.01
729.9
Y
509.18
535.52
482.83
521.9
466.48
375.64
540.97
420.15
370.19
426.51
557.33
407.43
287.52
273.89
222.11
202.12
240.28
181.23
145.8
83.12
126.72
84.03
68.58
44.05
144.89
227.56
302.05
554.6
569.14
503.73
567.32
556.42
557.33
560.05
527.35
566.41
418.33
v
28.94
28.8
30.52
30.44
37.33
37.22
29.91
35.97
35.9
30.98
27.91
31.28
32.79
31.87
28.85
28.75
30.84
29.01
27.58
26.62
28.26
27.77
25.87
25.29
27.18
28.65
33.19
34.02
36.51
34.62
33.57
32.13
31.99
31.62
32.52
30.7
32.22
Exponential
0.144628299
0.032621637
1.188786411
0.486402923
-3.03602056
-2.10446382
-0.04837466
-1.83799516
-2.49716812
0.856746911
0.804102207
-0.44990863
-1.03652509
-0.16361552
0.69024354
0.77196736
-0.31972276
0.261240841
-0.46422582
0.475778996
-0.40782894
-0.03024627
0.452305197
0.568424154
-0.08824716
1.394933109
-0.06053313
-0.07951089
-2.59613323
-0.50990151
-0.15637792
0.451381345
0.285390222
0.080095396
0.66058371
0.227352772
0.473257091
Wave
1.293065
0.031284
2.335309
1.342342
-2.74472
-2.57869
0.351904
-1.79481
-2.83113
2.226145
-7.39928
2.246566
-1.75855
-0.26074
1.215439
0.207555
-0.88436
-0.26152
-0.42718
0.098726
-0.59385
2.358128
-0.58427
-1.32555
0.864367
2.464416
-0.29627
0.001668
-2.85516
-0.09935
-0.27785
0.923814
0.654279
-0.2376
0.56755
-1.06816
0.851686
649.95
734.44
570.01
561.83
462.81
526.4
628.15
679.02
609.07
544.57
411.03
391.95
678.11
717.18
767.14
756.24
451.95
262.99
316.59
206.67
223.02
183.05
229.38
145.8
80.39
84.03
56.77
119.45
80.39
66.76
152.16
242.09
32.14
30.55
33.19
30.46
29.78
29.36
34.39
29.2
28.15
27.36
25.83
27.02
28.37
28.33
29
30.33
1.898823158
0.627533208
0.001792402
0.817017111
0.778377611
0.045568894
-3.63473416
0.815790416
-0.092834
0.383204081
0.396059534
-0.13438534
-0.01224994
-0.06326169
0.359289799
-0.10006881
-3.49463479
1.33419
1.357495
4.903139
1.707814
-2.31716
-0.30065
-2.61809
0.385174
0.995282
-1.59
1.569896
-0.22501
-0.21208
0.115921
-3.3702
-1.07689
7.819318
3.098953
-0.23988
0.290811
0.549278
2.255244
1.135659
-4.26885
0.145966
-0.51577
-0.03019
-0.68217
0.520002
0.022772
0.833865
0.990262
-0.59074
-4.72957
Instrumentul utilizat:
Programul utilizat:
Surfer
Etape de lucru:
Output Grid file precizarea numelui fisierului in care vor fi salvate valorile
(valori.GRD)
X min=0 X max=800
Advanced Option
General
1. Get Variogram
variograma
2. Output Grid of Kriging Standard Deviation precizarea numelui
fisierului in care vor fi salvate valorile
600
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0
0
100
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600
700
800
5.CONCLUZII :
Pentru ANALIZA VARIABILITATII GLOBALE (A.V.G.) :
Riscul asumat este mic,deci intervalul de incredere este mare.
Coeficientul de asimetrie este mic ( 0.1 ) ,intervalul de incredere este mare.
Pentru ANALIZA VARIABILITATII SPATIALE (A.V.S.) :
Pentru realizarea variogramei experimentale omnidirectionale vom exclude
perechile de valori mici
Alegerea modelului optim de variograma se face in functie de media cea mai mica
a erorior de estimare ( Am ales modelul Exponential cu o medie a erorilor de
-3,49)
Din reprezentarea grafica a hartii cu izolinii a erorilor de estimare ne rezulta faptul ca in
zona punctelor de observatie, erorile sunt foarte mici,iar cu cat ne indepartam de
acestea,erorile incep sa creasca.