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Fig 1.
-alezajul:
D :=78mm
-grosimea peretelui:
:=0.08 D
= 6.24 mm
:=6.6 mm
pg :=41 10
5 N
2
D1 :=D + 2
Dmed :=
D + D1
2
t :=0.25 pg
D med
-diametrul exterior
D1 = 90.48 mm
-diametrul mediu
Dmed = 84.24 mm
t = 13.838
N
2
mm
4-2-
- tensiunea de ncovoiere:
4
W :=0.1
D1 - D
4
4
W = 3.316 10 mm
D1
Nhmax :=15000 N mm
i :=
Nhmax
W
i = 0.452
mm
- tensiunea totala:
rez :=t + i
rez = 14.29
mm
- grosimea peretelui dupa tensiunea in planul longitudinal:
p :=0.5 D
pg
p = 11.556 mm
2. Calculul pistonului
Fig 2.
Se adopta piston din aluminiu
- grosimea capului:
:=0.145 D
= 11.31 mm
- lungimea pistonului:
H :=1 D
H = 78 mm
- inaltimea:
l :=0.6 D
l = 46.8 mm
- lungimea mantalei:
L :=0.7D
L = 54.6 mm
4-3-
- diametrul bosajelor:
ds :=0.4 D
ds = 31.2 mm
b :=0.38 D
b = 29.64 mm
h :=0.1 D
h = 7.8 mm
- diametrul interior:
di :=0.525 D
di = 40.95 mm
di
i :=pg
i = 13.437
mm
ia = 25 ..
60
mm
- efortul unitar in sectiunea C-C:
-adopt:
dC :=50 mm
d :=D - 8 mm
d = 70 mm
2
ACC := (d - dC)
2
CC :=pg
ACC = 1.257 10 mm
D
4 ACC
CC = 15.59
N
2
mm
CCa = 30 ..
40
N
2
mm
- presiunea specifica pe manta:
Fnmax :=1675 N
Aev :=4000 mm
Fnmax
pmt = 6.472
D L - Aev
N
2
mm
pmta = 0.3 ..
0.6
N
2
mm
- diametrul pistonului la montaj:
' :=0.08 mm p :=17.5 10
Dp :=
Tc :=390 K
-6 1
c :=10.7 10
-6 1
Tp :=495 K
Dp = 77.716 mm
4-4-
3. Calculul segmentilor
Aleg pentru materialul segmentilor fonta cenusie perlitic cu grafit lamelar.
Adopt patru segmenti: una de foc, doua de compresie si una de ungere.
Fig 3.
- Calculul segmentului de foc:
g :=0.196
-adopt:
E :=1.2 10
mm
-tensiunea maxim:
-adopt grosimea si ltimea segmentului:
Km :=1.742
b :=2.5 mm
t :=2.5 mm
D
2
ro :=r - 0.5 t
r = 39 mm
ro = 37.75 mm
r b
ro
c = 2.583 mm
pe :=0.3
N
2
mm
4-5-
I :=
b t
12
I = 3.255 mm
Fig 4.
Deschiderea in stare libera a capetelor segmentului:
So :=
1
4
( 3 - g) c ro pe
E I
So = 35.485 mm
max :=
2 Km
( 3 - g)
D - 1
max = 738.622
N
2
mm
maxa = 300 ..
450
mm
-adopt:
s :=11 10
-6 1
t s :=200 K
3' :=0.00055 D
-6 1
si
c :=11 10
si
t c :=100 K
3' = 0.043 mm
'max
m :=2
So
t
2 E 1
(3 - g)
:=
D
m - 1
t
3 = 0.312 mm
pt montare cu clestele
'max = -80.431
N
2
mm
'maxa = 300 ..
450
N
2
mm
4-6-
4. Calculul boltului
Fig 5
Aleg bolt flotant cu urmtoarele dimensiuni:
- lungimea boltului l:
l :=0.9 D
l = 70.2 mm
- lungimea lb:
lb :=0.35 D
lb = 27.3 mm
- diametrul boltului d:
d :=0.28 D
d = 21.84 mm
di :=0.5 d
di = 10.92 mm
j :=0.6 mm
di
d
lp = 41.9 mm
= 0.5
si
Fjmax :=12750 N
Fgmin :=85.5 N
si
Fjmin :=7300 N
Pp :=
Fgmax + Fjmax
lp d
Pp = 42.345
1815
3374
N
2
mm
4-7-
Ppa = 25 ..
50
mm
Presiunea in piciorul bielei:
Pb :=
Fgmax + Fjmax
Pb = 64.991
lb d
mm
Pba = 40 ..
90
mm
Efortul unitar maxim de incovoiere:
imax :=
1.2 d 1 -
imax = 285.181
mm
imaxa = 340 ..
360
N
2
mm
imin :=
1.2 d 1 -
imin = 37.15
mm
Coeficientul de siguranta:
-pentru otel carbon cementat
N
lo :=180
k :=1
:=0.85
:=2
mm
ia :=
imax - imin
2
ia
mm
lo
n1 :=
ia = 124.016
n1 = 2.467
n1a = 1 ..
2.2
Verificarea la forfecare:
(Fgmax + Fjmax) (1 + + 2)
:=0.85
2
d 1-
N
2
mm
a = 600 ..
1000
Verificarea la ovalizare:
1 :=12
= 128.9
N
2
mm
2 :=8
3 :=5
4 :=10
la f=0 grade:
i1 :=
(Fgmax + Fjmax) 1
l d
i1 = 303.294
N
2
mm
i3 :=
(Fgmax + Fjmax) 3
4-8-
i3 = 126.372
l d
N
2
mm
la f=90 grade:
i2 :=
i4 :=
(Fgmax + Fjmax) 2
i2 = 202.196
l d
N
2
mm
(Fgmax + Fjmax) 4
i4 = 252.745
l d
N
2
mm
ia = 140 ..
300
N
2
mm
Deformatia maxima de ovalizare:
E :=2.1 10
0.09 (Fgmax + Fjmax) 1 +
k
l E
1 -
3
max :=
' :=0.0008 d
N
2
mm
-3
max = 9.571 10 <1/2*D'
mm
' = 0.017 mm
t b :=150
t o :=20
t p :=200
b :=10 10
-6
p :=17.5 10
n bosajele pistonului:
:=' + b (t b - to)- p (tp - t o) d
5. Calculul bielei
= -0.023 mm
-6
4-9-
Fig 6.
- diametrul exterior:
de :=1.5 d
de = 32.76 mm
hp :=0.1955 d
hp = 4.27 mm
hb :=0.05 d
hb = 1.092 mm
ie
i
ii
-Fig 7.
Fora de ntindere:
Raza medie: rm :=
Fjp :=13230 N
de
2
hp
2
rm = 14.245 mm
A :=3.7
MA = 5.631 10 N mm
4-10-
FnA = -2.411 10 N
k :=0.5
- in fibra exterioara:
eA :=
6 rm + hp
1
k FnA + 2 MA
lb hp
hp (2 rm + hp )
- in fibra interioara:
eA = 609.57
N
2
mm
a = 150 ..
450
6 rm - hp
1
iA :=
k FnA - 2 MA
lb hp
hp (2 rm - hp )
mm
N
iA = -769.033
mm
-Fig 8.
Fc :=Fgmax + Fjmax
Fc = 3.875 10 N
N'o :=0.004 Fc
N'o = 155 N
M'o :=-0.0012 Fc rm
M'o = -662.399 N mm
sin (A) A
1
sin (A)- cos(A)
sin (A) A
1
sin (A)- cos(A)
M'c = -3.438 10 N mm
4-11-
N'c = 2.424 10 N
- in fibra exterioara:
'eA :=
6 rm + hp
1
2 M'c
+ N'c
lb hp
hp (2 rm + hp )
'eA = -3.58 10
3 N
2
mm
- in fibra interioara:
a = 150 ..
450
6 rm - hp
1
'iA :=
-2 M'c
+ N'c
lb hp
hp (2 rm - hp )
'iA = 4.84 10
mm
3 N
2
mm
-6
b :=10 10
-6
T :=400
To :=298
di :=de - 2 hp
t = 0.02 mm
di = 24.221 mm
strngerea termic
N
Eb :=2.1 10
mm
5 N
Ebs :=1.12 10
2
mm
pf :=
m + t
2
de + di
di + d
+
-
2
2
de 2 - di 2
di + d
di
+
Eb
Ebs
pf = 51.369
mm
Eforturile unitare:
- in fibra interioar:
i :=pf
de + di
2
de - di
- in fibra exterioara:
e :=pf
2 di
2
i = 13.437
2
mm
de - di
Coeficientul de sigurant:
e = 123.863
N
2
mm
4-12-
m1t :=400
N
2
k :=1
:=0.9
:=0.8
:=0.18
mm
a :=e
m :=0
mm
n :=
m1t
k a
n = 2.325
+ m
na = 2.5 ..
5
lb hp
3
4
I = 177.084 mm
12
3
:=
8 Fjp rm (A - 90 deg)
6
10 Eb I
= 3.73 10
-5
mm
Fig 9.
Forta care actioneaz asupra corpului bielei:
Fcp :=Fgmax + Fjmax
Efortul unitar la comprimare in sectiunea dinspre picior:
Fcp = 3.875 10 N
4-13-
A :=360 mm
c :=
Kf :=1.12
Kf Fcp
c = 120.556
N
2
mm
Fjmax
t = 35.417
mm
Coeficientul de siguranta:
m :=
n :=
c + t
2
m1t
k a
n = 2.325
+ m
na = 2 ..
2.5
:=
R = 39 mm
-1
-turatia
nn
nn :=4200 min
= 7.33
30
m1b :=0.375 kg
m2b :=1.125 kg
1
s
mp :=0.8 kg
-masa capacului
mc :=0.2 kg
2
lp :=72.33 mm
4
Icp :=11.06 mm
Acp :=373 mm
Wcp :=
-momentele de inertie
Ic :=4476 mm
Ac :=4285 mm
Icp
35.5 mm
Fjc = -2.586 N
-ariile sectiunilor
4-14-
0.023 lp
0.4
:=Fjc
+
Ic
Acp + Ac
1
+
cp
Icp
= -3.426 10 Pa
Coeficientul de sigurant
Adopt:
n = 2
Deformatia este:
m1t
max ( 1 + )
0.0024 Fjc lp
na = 2.5 ..
3
E (Icp + Ic)
-Fjc 10000
F'jc = 1.293 10 N
Fsp = 2.586 10 N
:=0.15
d :=8 mm
max :=
(Fsp + F'jc)
d
max = 553.154
N
2
mm
min :=
Fsp
d
min = 514.562
:=1
mm
adopt
:=1.5
:=0.2
m1t :=400
N
2
mm
4-15-
m :=
n :=
max + min
a :=
2
m1t
k
max - min
2
n = 2.528
a + m
na = 1.25 ..
3
Fig 10
-diametrul fusului maneton:
dm :=0.5 D
dm = 39 mm
4-16-
- lungimea:
lm :=0.6 dm
lm = 23.4 mm
- grosimea bratului:
hb :=0.4 dm
hb = 15.6 mm
- raza de racordare:
rac :=0.07 dm
rac = 2.73 mm
dp :=0.55 D
dp = 42.9 mm
lpi :=0.5 D
lpi = 39 mm
lpe :=0.65 D
lpe = 50.7 mm
l = 99.4 mm
mbr :=1.825 kg
:=90 mm
mcg :=
mr R
mcg = 0.655 kg
Z :=58000 N
Zr :=mr R
Zcg :=mcg
Zbr :=mbr R
T :=11673 N
Zr = 6.339 N
Zcg = 3.17 N
Az = 2.9 10 N
At :=0.5 T
At = 5.837 10 N
Momentele de ncovoiere:
lpi
Mz = 3.393 10 N mm
4-17-
Mt :=0.5 lm At
Mt = 6.829 10 N mm
Mi := Mz + Mt
Mi = 3.461 10 N mm
W :=
dm
32
max :=
W = 5.824 10 mm
Mi
max = 59.43
mm
min :=-max
Coeficientul de siguran pentru solicitarea de ncovoiere:
N
m1 :=500
k :=1.9
:=0.8
:=0.8
-oel aliat
mm
m1
n :=
max
n = 2.834
Mtmin :=295000 N mm
Wp :=
dm
16
max :=
min :=
Wp = 1.165 10 mm
Mtmax
max = 214.643
Wp
N
2
mm
Mtmin
min = 25.328
Wp
N
2
mm
m1 :=220
:=1.8
:=0.8
mm
a :=
max - min
2
m :=
max + min
2
:=1.4
:=0.08
4-18-
m1
n :=
n = 1.36
a + m
n :=
n = 1.226
n + n
na = 3 ..
3.5
Mtmax = 2.5 10 N mm
Wp :=
dp
Mtmin = 2.95 10 N mm
16
max :=
Mtmax
max = 161.264
Wp
N
2
mm
Mtmin
Wp
a :=
n :=
:=1.8
:=0.8
mm
max - min
:=1.4
m :=
:=0.08
max + min
2
2
m1
mm
N
m1 :=220
min = 19.029
a + m
n = 1.811
na = 3 ..
3.5
Rpmax :=29175 N
4-19-
Pmmax :=
Ppmax :=
R mmax
Pmmax = 76.36
dm lm
N
2
mm
Rpmax
Ppmax = 9.402
dp lp
N
2
mm
Ppmed :=
Rpmed :=9580 N
R mmed
Pmmed = 6.327
dm lm
N
2
mm
Rpmed
Ppmed = 3.087
dp lp
N
2
mm
dm 2900
km := Pmmed
20
dp 2900
kp := Ppmed
60
km = 2.129 10
kp = 2.921 10
l
'i
'i
"
5 m kg
0.5
4 m kg
0.5
4-20-
Fig 11.
Bzmax :=Fgmax
Bzmax = 2.6 10 N
Bzmin :=Fgmin
Bzmin = 85.5 N
b :=95 mm
h :=17 mm
a :=
lpi + h
a = 28 mm
6 a + 1
2
b h b h
max = 175.196
6 a + 1
2
b h b h
min = 0.576
max :=Bzmax
N
2
mm
min :=Bzmin
N
2
mm
-Coeficientul de siguranta:
N
1 :=380
m :=
min + max
2
mm
max - min
2
:=0.1
:=1.8
n :=
a :=
n = 2.29
( a + m)
-Solicitarea de torsiune:
Tmax :=58000 N
max :=
0.5 a Tmax
k b h
k :=0.285
Tmin :=13000 N
min :=
0.5 a Tmin
k b h
-Coeficientul de siguranta
1 :=350
N
2
mm
:=2
n :=
m :=
max + min
2
a :=
max - min
:=0.1
1
a + m
n = 4.029
n n
2
n + n
n = 1.991
na = 3
4-21-
Fig 12 a.
-adopt:
Fig 12 b.
d :=30 mm
diametrul talerului
:=6 mm
diametrul tijei
dc :=0.865 d
dc = 25.95 mm
-Viteza de curgere a gazelor prin canal (canalul de admisie este la fel ca canalul de evacuare):
m
s
Wm :=9.119
Wc :=Wm
dc -
Wc = 87.041
m
s
Wca = 70 ..
90
Aria seciunii efective de trecere:
2
2
Ac := dc -
4
Ac = 500.615 mm
hmax :=7 mm
Asmax = 551.942 mm
m
s
4-22-
Ws :=Wm
D
4 Asmax
Ws = 78.947
m
s
Wsa = 70 ..
90
-Profilarea camelor:
Fig 13.
Adopt naltimea maxim de ridicare:
hmax :=10 mm
p :=8
:=90 deg
q :=14
r :=20
s :=26
Coeficientii constanti C:
C2 :=
-p q r s
( p - 2) ( q - 2) ( r - 2) ( s - 2)
C2 = -1.872
Cp :=
2 q r s
( p - 2) ( q - p) ( r - p) ( s - p)
Cp = 1.872
-2 p r s
( q - 2) ( q - p) ( r - q) ( s - q)
2 p q s
Cr :=
( r - 2) ( r - p) ( r - q) (s - r)
Cq :=
Cs :=
-2 p q r
( s - 2) ( s - p) ( s - q) ( s - r)
Ridicarea supapei:
Cq = -1.605
Cr = 0.749
Cs = -0.144
m
s
4-23-
p
q
r
s
h ( ) :=hmax 1 + C 2 + Cp + Cq + Cr + Cs
ad = 3.665
1
s
Viteza supapei:
p-1
q-1
r -1
s-1
ad
v ( ) :=hmax
2 C2 + p C p
+ q C q
+ r Cr
+ s C s
p-2
q-2
b ( ) :=2 C 2 + p ( p - 1) Cp
+ q ( q - 1) C q
Acceleratia supapei:
a ( ) :=hmax
ad
( b ( ) + c ( ) )
c ( ) :=r ( r - 1) Cr
r -2
+ s ( s - 1) C s
s-2
0
810
h ( )
410
-3
- 0.01
v ( )
-3
- 0.02
- 0.03
- 0.04
- 0.05
0
0
0.5
1.5
0.5
0.6
0.4
a ( )
0.2
0
- 0.2
- 0.4
0
0.5
1.5
kg
2
cm
m'd :=0.050
md = 0.25 kg
k :=1.4
1.5
4-24-
a ( 0) = -0.204
j2 :=-350
m
2
Fr = -k md j2
Forta minima a arcului:
pev :=1.2
po :=0.9
N
2
dev :=.036 m
2
Fgev :=
dev
(pev + po)
Fgev = 2.138 10
Dm :=18.6 mm
Diametrul srmei:
ds :=3 mm
-3
ds
Dm
ds
:=
+ 0.5
= 1.229
- 0.75
8 Fr D m
ds
= 382.536
N
2
mm
a = 300 ..
600
N
2
mm
Numarul de spire:
fo :=2 mm
G :=0.8 10
N
2
fmax = 12 mm
-modulul de elasticitate
mm
ir :=
G ds fmax
2
D m
Calculul arborelui de distributie:
ir = 8.516
4-25-
Fig 14.
-forta sumar care actioneaz pe cam:
ls :=31 mm
lt :=30 mm
r :=12 mm
d :=8 mm
-ltimea rolei
rr :=8.2 mm
-raza rolei
Fg :=17042 N
-forta gazelor
Fj = md j1
Fj :=253 N
Ft :=(Fr + Fj + Fg)
Ft = 1.747 10 N
:=0.418
Ft E 1 1
-
b r rr
= 3.086i 10 Pa
de evacuare):
4-26-
4-27-
4-28-