Laborator 3 SS

Analiza semnalelor aperiodice cu ajutorul Transformatei Fourier

Spectre de amplitudini si de faze
1. Generalitati:
Transformata Fourier directa a unui semnal aperiodic este definita astfel:
X ( j ) X ( ) F { x ( t )}

x( t )e

j . .t

dt

Transformata Fourier inversa este definita :

A
1
1
x ( t ) F { x ( t )} lim
X ( )e j . .t d

A 2 A
Proprietati ale Transformatei Fourier folosite in acest laborator:
a.)
X() este o functie continua, iar lim X ( ) 0
| |

X ( ), a R /{ a }
|a|
a

b.)

Schimbarea de scara: F { x( at )}

c.)

Teorema deplasarii in timp: F { x( t t 0 )} e jwt0 S ( )

Semnalele analizate in prezentul laborator sunt :

1. x(t)

Cu cele doua cazuri :

- x1(t), A>0 (A= +1)
- x2(t), A<0 (A= -1)

2. y(t)

Page 1 of 26

2. Analiza semnalului x(t) utilizand transformarea Fourier:

Se va construi schema electrica:

Semnalul generat de sursa de tensiune este x(t) (impuls dreptunghiular de latime

si amplitudine A)

)e 2
2
Sa se determine* spectrele de amplitudini si de faze( X ( ) | X ( ) | e i ( ) ),
spectrele de amplitudini ale partii reale si partii imaginare ( X()= Re{X()} + j
Im{X()}) si spectrul de energie pentru urmatoarele cazuri:
(2.1) A = 1 = 10m
(2.2) A = 10 = 10m
(2.3) A = 1 = 20m
(2.4) A = -1 = 10m
Stiind ca transformata Fourier a lui x(t) este: X ( ) A sin c(

Page 2 of 26

(2.5) A = -1 = 20m
Energia semnalului are urmatoarea expresie:

| x( t ) | dt

1
2

| X( ) |

Folosindu-se valorile de la punctul (2.1) pentru A si se va lua pentru analiza si

cazul (2.6) cu semnalul intarziat cu 20ms. Se vor determina cele 5 spectre si pentru cazul
(2.6). Intarzierea semnalului se va realiza utilizand componenta IDEAL TIME DELAY

(2.7) I se va impune un prag de 4% (din valoarea amplitudinii pentru f=0) si in

functie de acest prag se vor determina banda semnalului Bs si banda energetica Be. In Bs
sau Be se vor regasi toate componentele cu aplitudinea mai mare decat 0.04A
3. Se va analiza semnalul y(t) format din doua semnale x(t) (=10ms; A=1;
T=20ms)

*Se va utiliza analiza: Analysis Fourier Analysis Fourier Spectrum unde se va tine
cont de faptul ca functia sinc(/2) se anuleaza pentru f=k/
Cunascandu-se faptul ca transformata Fourier a unui tren de impulsuri
dreptunghiulare (n impulsuri) este urmatoarea :

Page 3 of 26

nT
j
[ ( n 1 )T ]

2
Y ( ) A sin c (
)
e 2
T
2
sin
2
Unde
sin

nT
sin

2 |
Y ( ) A | sin c(
) ||
T
2
sin
2

si ( ) 2 [ ( n 1 )T ]

Se vor determina cele 5 spectre (analog punctului 2) pentru semnalul y(t) format
din doua impulsuri dreptunghiulare. Schema electrica va contine doua surse de semnal
identice, circuitul de intarziere, o sursa de tensiune comandata in tensiune si doua
rezistoare de sarcina.

4.Continutul referatului
4.1. Platforma de laborator (prezentul document)
4.2. Schemele electrice si formele de unda ale semnalelor analizate (la punctele 2
si 3).
4.3 Cerintele punctului 2 (2.1 2.7) precum si concluziile ce se pot desprinde la
analizarea spectrelor abtinute ( modificarile ce apar in spectre la modificarile survenite
asupra amplitudinii, latimii impulsului si momentului de aparitie)
4.4. Cerintele punctului 3 (analog cu cerintele punctului 2)
4.5. Concluzii generale (transformata Fourier si analiza spectrala)
4.6. Data limita de predare/prezentare a referatului este data efectuarii lucrarii de
laborator nr. 4.

Page 4 of 26

A=1 T=10ms
T

1.00

Voltage (V)

750.00m

500.00m

250.00m

0.00
0.00

10.00m

20.00m
Time (s)

30.00m

40.00m

T 10.00m

Amplitude [V/Hz]

7.50m

5.00m

2.50m

0.00
0

500

1k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 5 of 26

2k

2k

T 100.00u

Amplitude [V/Hz]

75.00u

50.00u

25.00u

0.00
0

1k

2k

3k

Frequency (Hz)
T

0.00

Phase [deg]

-20.00k

-40.00k

-60.00k

-80.00k
0

1k

2k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 6 of 26

3k

4k

T 10.00

Voltage (V)

7.50

5.00

2.50

0.00
0.00

10.00m

20.00m
Time (s)

30.00m

40.00m

T 100.00m

Amplitude [V/Hz]

75.00m

50.00m

25.00m

0.00
0

1k

2k
3k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 7 of 26

4k

5k

0.00

Phase [deg]

-20.00k

-40.00k

-60.00k
0

1k

2k
3k
Frequency (Hz)

4k

5k

T 10.00m

Amplitude [V/Hz]

7.50m

5.00m

2.50m

0.00
0

1k

2k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 8 of 26

3k

4k

1.00

Voltage (V)

750.00m

500.00m

250.00m

0.00
0.00

10.00m

20.00m
Time (s)

30.00m

40.00m

T 20.00m

Amplitude [V/Hz]

15.00m

10.00m

5.00m

0.00
0

1k

2k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 9 of 26

3k

0.00

Phase [deg]

-50.00

-100.00

-150.00

-200.00
0

500

1k
Frequency (Hz)

2k

2k

T 400.00u

Amplitude [V/Hz]

300.00u

200.00u

100.00u

0.00
0

150

300

450
Frequency (Hz)

Page 10 of 26

600

750

900

0.00

Voltage (V)

-250.00m

-500.00m

-750.00m

-1.00
0.00

10.00m

20.00m
Time (s)

30.00m

40.00m

T 10.00m

Amplitude [V/Hz]

7.50m

5.00m

2.50m

0.00
0

1k

2k

3k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 11 of 26

4k

5k

T 10.00k

0.00

Phase [deg]

-10.00k
-20.00k
-30.00k
-40.00k
-50.00k
0

3k

5k
Frequency (Hz)

8k

10k

T 100.00u

Amplitude [V/Hz]

75.00u

50.00u

25.00u

0.00
0

500

1k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 12 of 26

2k

2k

0.00

Voltage (V)

-250.00m

-500.00m

-750.00m

-1.00
0.00

10.00m

20.00m
Time (s)

30.00m

40.00m

T 20.00m

Amplitude [V/Hz]

15.00m

10.00m

5.00m

0.00
0

1k

2k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 13 of 26

3k

T 200.00

Phase [deg]

150.00

100.00

50.00

0.00
0

500

1k
Frequency (Hz)

2k

2k

1k
Frequency (Hz)

2k

2k

T 400.00u

Amplitude [V/Hz]

300.00u

200.00u

100.00u

0.00
0

500

Page 14 of 26

1.00

Voltage (V)

750.00m

500.00m

250.00m

0.00
0.00

10.00m

20.00m
Time (s)

30.00m

40.00m

T 10.00m

Amplitude [V/Hz]

7.50m

5.00m

2.50m

0.00
0

1k

2k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 15 of 26

3k

0.00

Phase [deg]

-10.00k

-20.00k

-30.00k
0

10k

20k

30k

2k

3k

Frequency (Hz)
T 100.00u

Amplitude [V/Hz]

75.00u

50.00u

25.00u

0.00
0

1k
Frequency (Hz)

Cu o sursa de ternsiune comandata in tensiune

Page 16 of 26

1.00

Voltage (V)

750.00m

500.00m

250.00m

0.00
0.00

10.00m

20.00m
Time (s)

30.00m

40.00m

T 20.00m

Amplitude [V/Hz]

15.00m

10.00m

5.00m

0.00
0

500

1k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 17 of 26

2k

2k

T 2.00k

1.00k

Phase [deg]

0.00
-1.00k
-2.00k
-3.00k
-4.00k
-5.00k
0

1k

2k

3k

2k

3k

Frequency (Hz)
T 400.00u

Amplitude [V/Hz]

300.00u

200.00u

100.00u

0.00
0

1k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 18 of 26

T 10.00

Voltage (V)

7.50

5.00

2.50

0.00
0.00

10.00m

20.00m
Time (s)

30.00m

40.00m

T 200.00m

Amplitude [V/Hz]

150.00m

100.00m

50.00m

0.00
0

1k

2k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 19 of 26

3k

T 10.00k

Phase [deg]

0.00

-10.00k

-20.00k
0

1k

2k

3k

2k

3k

Frequency (Hz)
T 40.00m

Amplitude [V/Hz]

30.00m

20.00m

10.00m

0.00
0

1k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 20 of 26

1.00

Voltage (V)

750.00m

500.00m

250.00m

0.00
0.00

10.00m

20.00m
Time (s)

30.00m

40.00m

T 40.00m

Amplitude [V/Hz]

30.00m

20.00m

10.00m

0.00
0

1k

2k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 21 of 26

3k

0.00

Phase [deg]

-100.00

-200.00

-300.00
0

1k

2k

3k

2k

3k

Frequency (Hz)
T

2.00m

Amplitude [V/Hz]

1.50m

1.00m

500.00u

0.00
0

1k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 22 of 26

0.00

Voltage (V)

-250.00m

-500.00m

-750.00m

-1.00
0.00

10.00m

20.00m
Time (s)

30.00m

40.00m

T 20.00m

Amplitude [V/Hz]

15.00m

10.00m

5.00m

0.00
0

1k

2k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 23 of 26

3k

T 2.00k

1.00k

Phase [deg]

0.00
-1.00k
-2.00k
-3.00k
-4.00k
-5.00k
0

1k

2k

3k

2k

3k

Frequency (Hz)
T 400.00u

Amplitude [V/Hz]

300.00u

200.00u

100.00u

0.00
0

1k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 24 of 26

0.00

Voltage (V)

-250.00m

-500.00m

-750.00m

-1.00
0.00

10.00m

20.00m
Time (s)

30.00m

40.00m

T 40.00m

Amplitude [V/Hz]

30.00m

20.00m

10.00m

0.00
0

1k

2k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 25 of 26

3k

T 200.00

Phase [deg]

100.00

0.00

-100.00
0

1k

2k

3k

2k

3k

Frequency (Hz)
T

2.00m

Amplitude [V/Hz]

1.50m

1.00m

500.00u

0.00
0

1k
Frequency (Hz)

Page 26 of 26