Cursul 1 Coninut: 1. Alfabetul. Reguli de pronunie i ortografie; 2. Articolele i utilizarea lor; 3. Verbele TO BE i TO HAVE; 4. Pronumele personale; 5. Apropierea. Deprtarea.

Apartenena; 6. Corpul omenesc. Descrierea unei persoane; 7. Naionalitatea. Meseria. CV ul meu; 8. Formule de salut, de adresare, de prezentare, uzuale.

1. Alfabetul. Reguli de pronunie i ortografie

Vezi cele dou fie xerografiate (alfabet fonetic + alfabet); Aplicaii. - cutai n dicionarul romn englez cuvintele: stilou, birou, zece, rou, creion, carte, buctar, a privi, bun, geant, pisic, lamp, apc, negru, cine, cutie, ceas, ceas de mn, ce; - cutai n dicionarul englez romn cuvintele englezeti gsite i copiai transcrierea fonetic. ncercai s le pronunai i grupai dup sunetele [e], [u], [], []. [e] [u] [] [] pen book bag dog desk cook cat box ten look lamp clock red good cap watch pencil black what Obs: acelai lucru pentru; [ai] [ei] [;] [au] [i] five grey ball house boy nine table four brown toy I eight small blouse m cake door

Articolele i utilizarea lor

Articolul este o parte de vorbire ce nsoete un substantiv. St ntotdeauna n faa substantivului. Clasificare :

ARTICOLUL NEHOTARAT
Se folosete numai cu substantivul la singular. Ia dou forme : A i AN. A [] se pune n faa substantivelor care ncep cu o consoan [b,c,d, ], cu semivocalele w i y i vocalele e i u dar NUMAI cnd aceste vocale se citesc [ju :]. Ex: A dog = un cine ; a window = o fereastr; a young man = un tnr; a European country = o ar european; a useful fact = un fapt util. 1

AN [n], [an] se pune n faa substantivelor care ncep cu o vocal sau cu h mut (se scrie dar nu se citete). Regula se aplic pentru vocalele e i u atunci cnd NU se citesc [ju:]. Ex: An apple = un mr; an egg = un ou; an engine = motor; an ugly girl = o fat urt; an umbrella = o umbrel; an hour = o or; an honourable man = un om onorabil. Folosirea articolului nehotrt: 1. Atunci cnd nu cunoatem substantivul sau nu vrem s-l precizm. Ex: There is a boy in a street = Este un biat pe strad. Give me a book! = D-mi o carte (oricare)! 2. Poate avea neles de numeral (n loc de one). Ex: A boy and two girls = un biat i dou fete. 3. Inaintea unui substantiv nume de profesie, de meserie i de naionalitate, situaie n care NU se traduce n limba romn. Ex: She is a teacher = Ea este profesoar i NU ea este o profesoar! He will become a doctor = el va deveni doctor. Tom is a Englishmam = Tom este englez. 4. In faa cuvintelor little (puin) i few (cteva) pentru a le da un plus de cantitate. Ex: He has few English books = El are cteva cri de englez. He has a few English books = El are ceva (multe) cri de englez. 5. Dup cuvinte ca such, what, without, as: Ex: Such a nice girl! = O fat att de drgu! What a morning! = Ce diminea! She is a woman without a husband = Este o femeie singur, fr so! Write this as an introduction = Scrie asta ca introducere. 6. In faa cuvintelor care denumesc orice fel de msur. Ex: Once a day = o dat pe zi; three miles an hour = 3 mile pe or; 50 USD a dozen = 50 dolari duzina.

ARTICOLUL HOTARAT
- Se folosete att cu substantivul la singular ct i la plural. - Se scrie THE n orice situaie dar se pronun: [ ] n faa substantivelor care ncep cu consoan; [ i ] n faa substantivelor care ncep cu vocal sau h mut. Folosirea articolului hotrt 1. n faa unui substantiv cunoscut sau pe care dorim s-l precizm. Ex: The boy sitting in the corner is my brother = Biatul aezat n col este fratele meu. D-mi cartea de pe mas! = Give me the book on the table! 2. In faa numelor de lanuri muntoase i ape: Ex: The Alps, The Carpathians, The Atlantic, The Danube. 3. In faa punctelor cardinale: Ex: the North, the South, the East, the West. 4. In faa numelor de familie atunci cnd vorbim de toat familia (numele se pune la plural) sau a unui prenume atunci cnd se evideniaz persoana: 2

Ex:

Ex: Ex: Ex: Ex:

We dine with the Browns (= Brown family) = Cinm cu familia Brown (ca-n romn Ionetii). The famous John Smith will come next week = Faimosul John S. va veni sptmna viitoare. John see you with is not the John know! = Ion cel cu care te vd, nu este Ion cel pe care-l tiu! 5. In faa substantivelor precedate de prepoziii: on the table = pe mas; in the classroom = n clas. 6. In faa numeralelor ordinale (obligatoriu chiar i la scrierea n cifre): the first = the 1st = primul; the fourth = the 4st =al patrulea. 7. In faa adjectivelor la superlativ relativ: the best = cel mai bun; the worst = cel mai ru. 8. Cu sens de pronume demonstrativ: Stephen the Great = Stefan cel mare.

ARTICOLUL ZERO
- Este de fapt situaia n care NU se pune articol. - Cazuri cnd apare articolul zero: 1. cu prenume n situaii obinuite: Ex: old John = btrnul Ion; uncle Sam = unchiul Sam. 2. cu substantivele ce au sens abstract: Ex: Water is wonderful! = Apa este minunat! Aceast regul se aplic i meselor zilei (abstract). Ex: Dinner is served at seven = Cina este servit la 7. 3. cu numele zilelor, lunilor, anotimpurilor; Atenie! n limba englez zilele i lunile ca i naionalitile SE SCRIU CU LITERA MARE indiferent de poziie. Anotimpurile se scriu cu liter mic. Ex: See you next Monday! = Ne vedem lunea viitoare! Farmers work the land in spring = Fermierii lucreaz pmntul primvara. 4. cu nume de obiecte de studiu, jocuri sau sporturi: Ex: Everybody likes football! = Toat lumea iubete fotbalul. We learn history at school = Invm istoria la coal. 5. cu nume de ri dintr-un cuvnt i nume de orae: Ex: England and France are European countries = Anglia i Frana sunt ri europene. Bucharest is our capital = Bucuretiul este capitala noastr. 6. cu subst. la plural luate n sens general: Ex: Children like sweets! = copiilor le plac dulciurile! 7. cu subst. bed, church, court, harbour, hospital, jail, market, prison, port, school, town, table atunci cnd acestea sunt folosite strict cu sensul de loc cu o anumit destinaie: Ex: Pupils go to school = Elevii merg la coal. School has many pupils = Scoala are muli elevi. Prison is full of criminals = Inchisoarea este plin de criminali. Market is full of food = Piaa este plin de alimente.

VERBUL TO BE (a fi)
Afirmativ: I am = Im = eu sunt You are = youre = tu eti He, she, it is = el / ea este Hes, shes, its Negativ: I am (Im) not = nu sunt You are not=you arent = nu eti He is not=he isnt = el nu este She is not=she isnt=ea nu este It is not = it isnt = nu este Interogativ: Am I? =sunt? Are you?=eti? Is he(she)?=este? Se poate i la negativ (ntrebarea) : Arent you?=Nu eti tu? Isnt it?=Nu este? Nu-i aa? We are = were = noi suntem You are = youre = voi suntei They are = theyre=ei / ele sunt

We are not = we arent =nu suntem You are not (arent)= nu suntei They are not = (arent)= ei/ele nu sunt

Are we?=suntem? Are you?=sunteti? Are they?=sunt ei/ele?

VERBUL TO HAVE (a avea)

Afirmativ: I have=eu am You have=tu ai He,she,it has=el/ea are Negativ: I have not=I havent=eu nu am You have not(havent)=nu ai He has not(hasnt)=el nu are She has not (hasnt)=ea nu are It has not (hasn't)=nu are

We have = noi avem You have = voi avei They have = ei / ele au We have not = nu avem You have not = nu avei They have not = nu au

Interogativ: Have I?=Am? Have we ? = Avem ? Have you?=Ai? Have you ? = Avei? Has he(she)?=Are? Have they ? = Au ? Se poate i la negativ Havent you some money? = N-ai nite bani? 4

PRONUMELE PERSONALE
Pronumele este partea de vorbire care nlocuiete un substantiv. Are acelai gen, numr, caz i persoan ca i substantivul nlocuit. CAZUL NOMINATIV I = eu se scrie cu liter mare We = noi indifferent de poziia n propoziie. You = voi, dvs. You = tu, d-ta They = ei, ele, dnii, dnsele He = el, dnsul She = ea, dnsa CAZURILE DATIV SI ACUZATIV me = mie, mi, pe mine, m Us = nou, ne, ni, pe noi you = ie, i, i, pe tine, te You = vou, vi, v, pe voi him = lui, i, -i, pe el, l Them =lor, li, le, pe ei, pe ele, -i, i, her = i, -i, pe ea, o le it = l, o, (impersonal) Pronumele personal n cazul dativ este precedat de prepoziia to atunci cnd e aezat dup un substantiv sau alt pronume la acuzativ. Ex: Tell me a story. Tell a story to me. = Spune-mi o poveste. Atenie! it este impersonal. Se folosete pentru animale, lucruri, fenomene ale naturii este subiect pentru verbe impersonale sau cuvnt introductiv pentru o propoziie al crei subiect nu este n faa predicatului. Ex: You have a nice dog. Can I give it a bone? = Ai un cine drgu. Pot s-i dau un os? It rains (plou). It snows (ninge). It is cold (e frig). It is hot (e cald). Its late (e trziu). Its important for me to know the truth. = este important pentru mine s tiu adevrul. v s Its no use crying. = N-are rost s plngi.

PRONUMELE DEMONSTRATIV
Arat ceva sau pe cineva care este n imediata apropiere a vorbitorului sau ce este ndeprtat de el (n spaiu i timp). APROPIEREA (HERE) THIS (acest, aceasta) THESE (aceti, aceste) DEPARTAREA (THERE) THAT (acel, acea) THOSE (acei, acele) Ex: This girl is a good pupil. = Aceast fat este o elev bun. Those man are workers. = Ooamenii aceia sunt muncitori. That happened long ago. = Aceasta s-a ntmplat cu mult n urm. 5

Whos that? = Cine-i acolo? (la u sau la telefon) APARTENENTA Este dat de pronume sau adjective. Pronumele posesiv nlocuiete un substantiv i-n acelai timp l numete pe posesor. MINE = al meu, a mea OURS = al nostru, a noastr YOURS = al tu, a ta YOURS = al vostru, a voastr HIS = al lui, a lui HERS = al ei, a ei THEIS = al lor, a lor ITS = al lui, a ei Ex: This dog is mine. It is mine. = Acest cine este al meu. Este al meu. ADJECTIVE POSESIVE Provin dintr-un pronume i nsoesc mereu subiectul / fiina posedat. My = meu, mea, mei, mele Our = nostru, noastr, notri, Your = tu, ta, ti, tale noastre His = lui Your = vostru, voastr, votri, Her = ei voastre Its = lui / ei Their = lor Ex: This is my house. = Aceasta este casa mea. Aplicaii: vezi cele 2 pagini xeroxate.

CORPUL OMENESC. DESCRIEREA UNEI PERSOANE

Head =cap Forehead = frunte Eye = ochi Eyebrow = sprncean Eyelash = gean Eyelid = pleoap Nose = nas Nostril = nar Mouth = gur Lips = buze Tongue = limb Tooth teeth = dinte / dini Chin = brbie Cheek = obraz Face = fa Ear = ureche Hair = pr Beard [bid] = barb Moustache [msta:] = musta Limbs = membre Arm = bra Elbow = cot Wrist = ncheietura minii Palm = palm Hand = mn Finger = deget de la mn Trumb = degetul mare Brains = creier 6

Neck =gt, ceaf throut = gt, interior back = spate shoulder = umr chest = piept brests = sni belly = burt Leg = picior

Knee = genunchi Ankle = glezn Foot-feet = laba piciorului Heel = clci Crepe (soul) = talp Toe = deget de la picior

Stomach = stomac Lungs = plmni Heart = inim Liver = ficat Kidneys = rinichi Vitals = organe vitale

n descrierea unei persoane avem nevoie de: - culoarea prului: black = dark, brown, reddish, blond, grey Ex: She has grey hair. = Ea are prul crunt. She is dark-haired. = Ea este brunet. Obs: Cnd se folosete TO HAVE, culoarea i prul sunt cuvinte separate. Cnd se folosete TO BE, culoarea i prul se leag prin liniu, iar hair primete terminaia ed. - culoarea ochilor: black = dark = negru / nchis, brown = maro, cafeniu, green = verde, blue = albastru. Ex: She has blue eyes. = Ea are ochii albatri. - caracteristici fizice: tall = nalt, thin = slab, delicate = delicat, small = scund, fat (fatty) = gras (plinu), athletic = atletic, long (hair) = lung (pr), short = scurt, handsome = artos = good-looking, beautiful = frumos, nice = drgu, pretty = frumuic, ugly = urt, awful = groaznic. - Caracteristici interioare: dynamic = activ, lazy = lene, good-hearted = cu suflet bun, the good sense of humor (cu TO HAVE, spiritual, ironic cu sensul bun, cu simul umorului) etc. Aplicaie: Describe your best friend (descriei cel mai bun prieten). Vezi pagina xeroxat (lucru pe text). CV ul meu (naionalitate, meseria, alte inf.) Vezi paginile xerografiate lista cu naionaliti modelul de CV. ntrebri uzuale: Where are you from? = De unde eti? Im from Romania. Im from Galai. What is your job (occupation)? = Ce serviciu avei? Have you work or study? = Lucrai or studiai? Which is your profession? = Ce profesie avei? What sort of work do you do? Which are your tasks? = Ce fel de munc prestai? Care v sunt sarcinile? Im a worker (sunt muncitor). Im an engineer (sunt inginer). Im a doctor (sunt doctor). Im a student. I study at Danubius college. = Sunt student. nv la colegiul Danubius. Im a housewife (sunt casnic). Im retired (pensionat). Have you belong to any political organization? = Suntei membrul unei organizaii politice? Im not a Party member. I am a Democratic Party member. = Nu sunt membru de partid. Sunt membru al PD-ului. Which trade union do you belong to? = Din ce sindicat facei parte? Im a member of education union (Sindicatul personalului didactic). 7

Are you a religious believer? (suntei credincios) Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant, atheist.

FORMULE DE ADRESARE
Mr = mister = domnul Mrs = mistress = doamna Miss = domnioara Aceste formule cer s fir urmate de numele de familie sau de numele ntreg al persoanei i NU de pronume. Profesiile i titulaturile nu primesc Mr, Mrs n faa numelui dei n romnete spunem asta. Ex: Good morning professor Gray! = Bun dimineaa domnule professor Gray! Good evening doctor Vivian Pop! = Bun seara doamn doctor Vivian Pop! Sir lady Nu sunt urmate de nume dect dac persoana deine un titlu de noblee. Ex: Charles, Sir Winston, Lady Diana, Lady Hamilton n limbaj curent se folosesc SIR MADAM care NU sunt urmate niciodat de nume Ex: Thank you, sir! = Mulumesc, dle! Goodbye, Madam! = La revedere, doamn! Pentru public folosim: Ladies and gentleman = doamnelor i domnilor. Pentru o familie: Mr i Mrs Gray = dl i dna Gray; cu domnul nainte i nu cu doamna ca n romn. Ex: - Who is the gentleman? Is he Mr Brown? - No, sir. That gentleman is Mr. Gray. (Cine este domnul acela? Este dl Brown? Nu, dle. Este dl. Gray.) - Who is the lady sitting there? Is Mrs. Newman? - Yes Madam. She is Mrs. Newman, a very kind lady. (Cine este dna aezat acolo? Este dna Newman? Da, dn. Este dna. Newman, o dn foarte drgu).

FORMULE DE SALUT
- Good morning! = Bun dimineaa! - Hello! = Bun! - Good afternoon! = Bun ziua! - Hi! = Salut! - Good evening! = Bun seara! - Good night! = Noapte bun! - Good day! = Bun ziua! - How do you do! = V salut! S trii! Srut mna! Good morning! Se folosete pn la prnz. Good afternoon! Pn la ora 1700. La o ntlnire trzie (2200), la venire folosim Good evening! La plecare Good night! Hello! Hi! Se folosesc pentru personae cunoscute, prieteni. How do you do! Este foarte protocolar, respectuos i se rspunde la fel. Good day! Este restrictiv. Se folosete cu sensul c dorim ncheierea discuiei, plecarea persoanei, ruperea relaiei. 8

Alte formule: Goodbye! Bye! = La revedere! Pa! Have a nice day! = S ai o zi bun! Sweet dreams! = Vise plcute! See you (soon, later, next week, around, etc)! = ne mai vedem (curnd, mai trziu, sptmna viitoare, pe-aici, etc). Keep in touch! = Pstrm legtura!

FORMULE UZUALE
PLEASE, IF YOU PLEASE (te/v rog) Politeea oblig ca o cerere, rugminte s aib la sfrit sau la nceput aceast expresie. O cerere / rugminte se formuleaz ncepnd cu: Will you + verb ? = Vrei s ? CAN / COULD you + verb ? = Mi ai putea ? O dorin se exprim ncepnd cu: Id like to + verb ? = A dori s Would you like to + verb ? = Ai dori s ? Solicitarea permisiunii: May I (we) + verb ? = Pot (putem) s? Allow me to + verb = Dai mi voie s Mulumirea i rspunsul: Thank you! Thanks! = Mulumesc! Much obliged! = V sunt ndatorat! I appreciate! = Mulumesc (apreciez c )! Youre welcome! Not at all! Dont mention it! = Pentru puin! POFTIM! = HERE YOU ARE! Atunci cnd dai ceva. Solicitarea unei precizri: Pardon? I beg you pardon? = Poftim? V rog ? Please, repeat! = V rog s repetai! Can you spell it, please? = V rog s spunei liter cu liter. Scuzele i rspunsul: Excuse me! = Scuz-m! I must apologize for ! = Trebuie s-mi cer scuze pentru ..! Im sorry! I regret! = Imi pare ru! Regret! No problem! Its O.K.! = Nici o problem! E-n regul! Never mind! = Nici o suprare! Nu conteaz! Its all right! = E-n regul! Exprimarea bucuriei: Im glad to + verb =M bucur s What a pleasure! = Ce plcere! Well done! = Bravo! Foarte bine! Suprarea: Im verry angry! = Sunt foarte suprat! Im angry with you! = Sunt suprat pe tine!

 Im sorry for you! = Imi pare ru pentru tine! Its scandalous! Shame! = E scandalos! Ruine! ndoiala, mirarea, nehotrrea: Why not? = De ce nu? What can be done? = Ce se poate face? Im at a loss! = Sunt n ncurctur What shall I (we) do? = Ce fac (facem)? I wonder= M ntreb What? Really? = Ce? Adevrat? You must be joking! You cant be serious! = Glumeti! Eti serios? Afirmaia: YES = DA, certainly! Of course! Sure! = Desigur! Firete! Cu siguran! I agree! = Sunt de accord! Negaia: NO = NU Certainly not! = Cu siguran nu! No way! = In nici un caz! Not in the least! = Ctui de puin! Im afraid its not possible! = M tem c nu este posibil! Ce mai faci? NU se exprim nici o dat prin How do you do?! How are you?= Ce mai faci? How is your father? How are your cildren? = Ce mai face tatl tu? Ce-i fac copiii? Im fine, thanks! Im all right, thanks. = Fac bine. Just so and so! Pretty well! = Aa i aa! Destul de bine! Not verry well! = Nu prea bine!

FORMULE DE PREZENTARE
Who are you? Im Dan. = Cine eti tu? Sunt Dan. What is your name? My name is Dan Russell. = Care este numele tau? Numele meu este Dan R. Allow me to introduce myself! Im Dan. = Dai-mi voie s m prezint! Sunt Dan. Would you be so kind to introduce me to her? = Eti amabil s m prezini (ei)? Meet my friends! = Facei cunotin cu prietenii mei! This is doctor Gray! = Vi-l prezint pe dl. Doctor Gray! Id like you to meet Miss Vivian! = A vrea s i-o prezint pe d-ra Vivian! Id like to make the acquaintance of Miss Avril. = A vrea s fac cunotin cu dra Avril. You know Mr. Brown, dont you? = Il cunoti pe dl. Brown, nu-I aa? Do you know each other? = V cunoatei? Have you ever met miss June? = Ai cunoscut-o pe dra. June? I know him (her, you) only by sight (from hearsay)! = Il (o, te)tiu doar din vedere (din auzite)! I am (nice, pleased) to meet you! = Incntat s v cunosc! How do you do! = este mai protocolar Its a great honor to meet you! = Este o onoare s v cunosc! 10

 The pleasure (honor) is on my side! = Onoarea (plcerea) e de partea mea! Shake hands together! = Strngei-v minile! Completare la CV (vezi pe verso CV-ului) Foreign language / Language skills = limb strin, abiliti de limb Educated English = engleza cult Broken English = engleza neliterar Slang = argou, jargon Literary language = limba literar Spoken language = limba vorbit Native language = limba matern Grammar = gramatic, spelling = ortografie, Pronounce / pronunciation = a pronuna / pronunie Practice in order to improve = a exersa cu scopul mbuntirii

APROPIEREA / DEPARTAREA
This is here. That is there. These are here. Those are there (over there).

Exerciiul 1. Traducei n limba romn: 1. This is a fox. The fox is an animal. A fox has a reddish fur. 2. This is an apple. Its a fruit. The apple has a sweet flesh. 3. That is a sparrow. The sparrow is a bird. The sparrow is a small gray-brown bird. 4. Those are roses. The roses are flowers. Those are sweet smelling flowers. 5. These are English books. The English books are novels. These are very interesting novels. Exerciiul 2. Dup modelul ex. De mai sus, construii n limba englez cinci fraze. Exerciiul 3. Traducei n limba englez: 1. Aceasta este o biciclet. Bicicleta este nou. 2. Aceia este o plrie. Este o plrie veche. 3. Acelea sunt prjituri. Acolo sunt prjituri proaspete. 4. Acestea sunt jucrii. Jucriile sunt aici. Exerciiul 4. Introducei n fraz this / that i these / those acolo unde este necesar: .book here is new . dogs over there are very bad. Are all man and women workers? No, are workers but over there are not; they are no workers. New dictionary is .. here; the old dictionary is . on the table there. Exerciiul 5. Folosii this / these i that / those ca s construii propoziii cu: house, cat, hat, cap, boy, hen, raven, bottle, teacher, pen, apple, egg, umbrella. Exerciiul 6. Trecei fiecare propoziie la interogativ i negativ: 1. These are pencils. 2. This is a motorbike. 3. This is a piece of red chalk and that is a piece of white chalk. 11

4. The young lady over there is Alice.

POSESIA
I MY YOU YOUR HE HIS SHE HER IT ITS WE OUR THEY THEIR I MINE YOU YOUR HE HIS SHE HERS IT ITS WE OURS THEY THEIRS

Exerciiul 1. Traducei n limba romn: 1. I have an electronic watch. It is my electronic watch. Its mine. 2. You have an old checked cap. It is your old checkers cap. Its yours. 3. He has a big toy pistol. It is his big toy pistol. Its his. 4. She has a new fashionable skirt. It is her new skirt. Its hers. 5. The door has a good Yale lock. It is its Yale lock. 6. We have a very good TV set. It is our TV set. Its ours. 7. They have an old-fashioned radio receiver. It is their radio. It is theirs. Exerciiul 2. Punei n locul punctelor, cuvintele care se potrivesc i arat profesia: 1. Mike has a Kodak camera; it is .. camera; the camera is 2. I have in .. room a table and a chair; it is table and its my chair; the table is .. and the chair is 3. She has a new dress; it is . dress; the dress is .. 4. They have an dictionary; it is ..... dictionary; the dictionary is . 5. Alec has a white cap; . color is white. Exerciiul 3. Punei n locul punctelor pronumele care se potrivesc: 1. . am a teacher. 2. . is at home. 3. Are good pupils. 4. No, is no doctor. 5. Are Mr. Browns friend? 6. Yes, .. is a bird. 7. .. are not workers. Exerciiul 4. Completai cu articolul care se potrivete: 1. Is . owl . animal or .. bird? 2. Is . goose .. insect? What is it? 3. Is . knife .. useful thing? 4. Is the gentleman . Romanian or . South American? Filozofie philosophy Filologie philology filolog philologist filozof philosopher 12

Minister = ministry (office, board U.K.; department - SUA) De finane = excenger chancellar of exchequer De rzboi = war department ministrul = Secretary of War De interne = home department / internal affairs = home secretary de externe = foreign office ministrul Secretary for Foreigh affairs lucrrilor publice = the board of public works ministrul justiiei = Keeper of the Great Seal = Lord Keeper invmnt education ministru Secretary of State ambassador envoy, miser educaie upbringing - good breeding (maniere) - fizic physical training faculty college university primary school (1-8) secondary school (8-12) nursery school (grdini) - occupation = job = ocupaie, slujb, profesie - employer / employee = angajator / angajat - unemployed = omer - education - training = instruire, pregtire - learning = nvare - worker = muncitor - brainworker = intelectual bricklayer = zidar - joiner = tmplar painter = zugrav - carpenter = dulgher welder = sudor - shepherd = cioban chemist = chimist, farmacist - smith = fierar, potcovar glazer = geamgiu - locksmith = lctu tailor = croitor (dressmaker) - cooper = dogar shoemaker = cizmar - plumber = inst. ap watchmaker = ceasornicar - fitter = install ICT furriers = blnari - electrician Nowadays professions require much training and learning - Teacher = professor professor, lecturer, school master, - Accountant = contabil economist (Economics Academy) - doctor (surgeon = chirurg, physician, nurse) 13

- engineer (civil, mechanical, electrical, informaties) - computer operator (a degree course in computer science / computing) - TRADE = occupation which require skilled work with hands (meteug, meserie) - Office-worker / clark = funcionar (typist, secretary, receptionist) lawer, barristers, judges = avocai / judectori tren: porter, ticket collector, guard, engine driver, station-master, railway mechanic, traffic superintendents oferi: bus, lorry, taxi driver (docks loading / unloading goods) dockers, stevedores sailors, soldiers, firemen, airmen, policemen, customs officers - occupation = job

14

Cursul 2 Coninut: 1. Familia i gradele de rudenie; 2. Prezentul simplu (formare, utilizare); 3. Prezentul continuu (formare, utilizare); 4. Numeralul n limba englez; 5. Calendarul (exprimarea orei i a datei); 6. Substantivul (clasificare, plural); 7. Propoziii interogative; 8. Shopping (magazine, mrfuri, consignaie). 1. FAMILIA SI RUDELE (THE FAMILY) parents = prini o father, daddy = tat, ttic o mother, mummy = mam, mmic child / children = copil / copii boy = son / girl = daughter biat / fiu = fat / fiic brother / sister = frate / sor grandparents = bunici o grandfather = grandpa = bunic o grandmother = grandma = granny = big mama (slang) = bunic, mamaie grandchildren = nepoi de bunici o grandson = nepot o granddaughter = nepoat great grandparents = strbunici, strmoi uncle = unchi i aunt = mtu (auntie = mtuic) nephew = nepot de unchi, - niece = nepoat de unchi cousin = verior () familia obinut prin cstorie se numete folosind cuvntul din familia de baz + expresia in law ex: father in law = socru son in law = ginere sister in law = cumnat godfather = na i - godmother = na (botez) best man = na i - maid of honor = na (nunt) familia obinut prin recstorire (vitreg) se numete folosind familia iniial dar cu step nainte: ex: step father = tat vitreg step son = fiu vitreg step sister = sor vitreg 15

relative, relation = rud near relation = rud apropiat (distant = ndeprtat) relation in law = rud prin alian kinship = rudenie nick name = porecl pet - name Christian name = nume de botez to marry = a se cstori (married = cstorit) husband and wife = so i soie to divorce = a divora (divorced = divorat) to engage = a se logodi (engaged = logodit) to have broken off the engagement = a rupe logodna single (bachelor, spinster) = singur (celibatar, celibatar) fianc(e) = logodnic () groom = mire --> bride = mireas Are you a large family? = Suntei o familie numeroas? What is your maiden name? = Care este numele dvs. de domnioar ? When did you get married? = Cnd v-ai cstorit? Who is your sister married to? = Cu cine e mritat sora ta ? Shes married to doctor Gray. = E mritat cu doctoral Gray. When are (were) you born? = Cnd suntei nscut? I was born on May 28, 1965. = M-am nscut pe 28.05. 65. How old are you? = Ce vrst avei? Im thirty-eight (years old). = Am 38 de ani. You look much younger. You dont look your age. = Pari mai tnr, nu ari vrsta. Im getting (growing old) = mbtrnesc You look older. You seem to have grown old. = Ari mai n vrst. Ari mbtrnit. How old is your husband? = Ce vrst are soul? He is : the same age (aceeai), my junior by ten years (mai mic cu 10 ani), my senior by ten years (mai mare) To be under age = a fi minor To be of age = a fi major Full age =majorat In his (her) prime = n floarea vrstei Middle-aged = ntre dou vrste Elderly = vrstnic() The late = decedat / defunct I have an eight years old daughter = am o fat de 8 ani I have two grown-up children = am 2 copii mari Voi mplini 40 ani luna viitoare = I shall be forty next month Am mplinit 40 ani luna trecut = I was forty last month

16

2. PREZENTUL SIMPLU
Se formeaz astfel : - afirmativ :I, we, you, they + verb (infinitiv scurt) he, she, it + verb (inf sc) + s - negativ: I, we, you, they + DO + NOT (DONT) + verb (inf sc) he, she, it + DOES + NOT (DOESNT) + verb (fr s) - interogativ: DO + I, we, you, they + verb (inf) ? DOES + he, she, it + verb(fr s)? Ex: Does he speak English? (El vorbete englezete? Da/nu) Yes, he speaks English No, he doesnt speak English. Atenie! Pentru el/ea (pers. III sing.) se pune s NUMAI la afirmativ! La negativ si-n ntrebare s este preluat de auxiliar (DOES). Reguli de ortografie pentru s: 1. verbele terminate n o, s, x, sh, ch primesc mai nti e i apoi s. Ex: I do he does (a face), I pass he passes (a trece) You wash she washes (a spla), you watch she watches (a privi) 2. verbele terminate n y care are nainte o consoan l schimb n i i primesc es. I try he tries (a ncerca), you cry she cries (a plnge)

Ex:

Observaie! Aceste reguli nu se aplic verbelor terminate n th (prima regul) i cnd y are nainte vocal. Ex: I play football he plays football. Se traduce n romnete prin prezent. Utilizarea prezentului simplu: 1. pentru a exprima aciuni repetate, stri repetate i obiceiuri din prezent. Ex: I watch TV every evening (Privesc la TV n fiecare sear) I always wake up early (M trezesc ntotdeauna devreme) Observaie!Se folosesc dou tipuri de adverbe: a. de frecven (arat de cte ori se petrece aciunea) care se pun naintea verbului. Aceste adverbe pot fi: always (ntotdeauna), usually (de obicei), often (adesea),sometimes (cteodat), rarely (rar), never (niciodat). Atenie! Adverbul never este negativ ceea ce oblig folosirea verbului la afirmativ. n limba englez NU exist dou negaii n aceeai propoziie (ca-n romn). Ex: He never says something like that. El nu spune niciodat ceva de genul acesta. 17

b. de timp: adverbele de timp se pun la sfritul sau la nceputul propoziiei, NU se intercaleaz! Pot fi: today (astzi), this week/month/year/Sunday (sptmna aceasta, luna aceasta, anul acesta), every day / evening / week / month / Sunday / summer (n fiecare zi, sear, lun, duminic, var, etc), at present (n prezent), once in a blue moon (la patele cailor). 2. pentru a exprima aciuni permanente. Ex: We live in Galai (locuim n Galai). 3. pentru a exprima adevruri general valabile. Ex: The sun rises in the East (soarele rsare la est). 4. pentru a exprima aciuni viitoare NUMAI cnd sunt oficial planificate i anunate (orar mijloace de transport, conferine, spectacole, etc). In aceast situaie se traduce prin viitor! Ex: The plane takes off at 18:30 tomorrow. Avionul va decola mine la 18:30. 5. tot cu valoare de viitor (se traduce prin viitor), prezentul simplu se folosete n fraza condiional (regula I) pentru c n lb. englez NU avem voie s punem viitor dup IF (dac): Ex: If I have money I will buy that car. Dac voi avea bani, voi cumpra acea main. Aceeai situaie exist i n propoziiile temporale ptr. c nu avem voie s punem viitor dup WHEN (cnd), AS SOON AS (de ndat ce), AFTER (dup), BEFORE (nainte). Ex: As soon as he arrives he will cal you. De ndat ce va ajunge, te va suna. APLICATIE: EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES (activiti zilnice) I get out of bed at quarter to seven in the morning. I open the window and I do my morning exercises in front of the open window. I brush my teeth and I have a shower. I dry myself quickly on a towel and I get dressed. I have my breakfast and I leave for my office at half past seven. At four oclock, when the program is over, I go home. I have my dinner and after a short rest, I go out shopping, if necessary. In the evening I watch TV, listen to music or read something. My friends often come to see me in the evening. We talk and drink a glass of wine.

PREZENTUL CONTINUU
Se formeaz astfel: - afirmativ : I they + TO BE (prezent) + verb + ing - negativ: I they + TO BE (prez) + NOT + verb + ing - interogativ: TO BE (prez) + I they + verb + ing? Ex: Is he watching TV now? Yes, he is watching TV now. No, he is not (isnt) watching TV now. 18

 Se traduce prin present. Utilizarea prezentului continuu 1. pentru a exprima aciuni aflate n desfurare n momentul vorbirii. Ca adverbe de timp se folosesc : now (acum), at this moment (n acest moment). Ex: I am reading now (citesc acum). 2. pentru a exprima aciuni sau stri temporare dar care au loc ntr-o perioad prezent. Ca adverbe se folosesc : today (astzi), this week / month / year (sptmna aceasta, luna aceasta, anul acesta), at present (n prezent). Ex: Im working hard this month (Lucrez din greu luna asta). 3. pentru a exprima aciuni repetate care l deranjeaz pe vorbitor prin frecvena lor Ex : You are always asking me stupid questions ! mi pui mereu ntrebri stupide ! 4. pentru a exprima aranjamente pentru viitor NUMAI cnd vorbitorul a planificat, a aranjat deja ce are de fcut. In aceast situaie se traduce prin viitor. Ex : - What are you doing next week end ? - Im having dinner with my sister in law. (Ce vei face n urmtorul week end? Voi lua masa cu cumnata mea.) Reguli de ortografie la adugarea terminaiei ing Ex: Ex: Ex: 1. Verbele terminate n ie transform n y+ing lie lying, die dying, tie tying (a sta ntins, a se ntinde / a muri, a disprea, sfri / a lega, ngrdi) 2. Verbele terminate n e l pierd smoke smoking, hope hoping (a fuma / a spera) 3. Se dubleaz consoana final dac verbul se termin n alternana consoan vocal consoan i are o silab sau are mai multe silabe i ultima e accentuat. stop stopping (a opri), plan planning (a plnui, planifica), regret regretting (regreta), begin beginnig (a ncepe)

NUMERALUL
Exist mai multe tipuri de numeral : NUMERALUL CARDINAL 1 one, 2 two, 3 three, 12 twelve (vezi pagina xerografiata) - numeralele ntre 13 19 se formeaz cu terminaia teen , de unde i teen age = adolescen. Ex : 13 thirteen, 19 nineteen 19

- numeralele din 10 n 10 se formeaz cu terminaia ty Ex: 20 twenty, 80 eighty - ntre zeci i uniti se pune liniu de unire. Ex: 22 = twenty two, 45 = fourty five Atenie! Zecile au form de plural numai n situaiile de genul: tens and tens of people = zeci i zeci de oameni; the seventies = anii 70 - sutele, miile i milioanele NU se pun la plural cnd sunt numrate dar au form de plural pentru: hundreds and hundreds of books = sute i sute de cri - miile, sutele se leag prin and de celelalte numerale Ex: two hundread and twenty-five = 225 - mie = thousand, milion = million, miliard = billion - zero se citete [zir u] n tiin Ex: 10o ten degrees above / below zero Se citete [ u] n numere de telefon i-n vorbirea obinuit Se citete [nil] n sport The score is three to nil (scorul e 3:0) Se citete [n t] = nought ca echivalentul ptr. nimic din romn NUMERALUL ORDINAL Se formeaz din numeralul cardinal la care se adaug terminaia th. Numai primele trei au forme definite. Arat ordinea sau poziia ntr-un ir. Ex: the first = primul, the second = al doilea, the third = al treilea, the four+th = al patrulea, etc. Atenie! Numeralul ordinal trebuie s aib nainte articolul hotrt the chiar i cnd e scris ca cifr. Ex: the fourth = the 4th NUMERALUL FRACTIONAR Fracia ordinar: la numrtor avem un numeral cardinal, iar la numitor unul ordinal. Cand sunt scrise n litere, se leag prin cratim. Pentru cifre mari se folosete over (pe/peste) i se citete cifr cu cifr pentru evitarea confuziei. Ex: 1/4=one-fourth, 5/9= five-ninth Dar 6/243 = six over two-four-three . Fracia zecimal: acolo unde romanii pun virgul, englezii pun punct i invers. Ex: 1.600=1,600=one thousand and six hundred 1,32=1.32=one point three two. Procentual: % = per cent, 10% = ten per cent. NUMERALUL COLECTIV Exprim ideea de plural ntr-o form de singular: COUPLE= doi, dou, cuplu _ a couple of days (2 zile) PAIR=2, pereche _ a pair of shoes ( o pereche de pantofi) DOZEN=duzin _ three dozen of eggs ( 3 duzini de ou) 20

 GROSS=12 dozen GREAT GROSS=12 gross=144 dozen. NUMERALUL MULTIPLICATIV Cu excepia primelor dou, se formeaz din numeralul cardinal + TIMES Ex: OANCE-o dat , TWICE ( de dou ori ), THREE TIMES ( de trei ori), FOUR TIMES ( de 4 ori), etc. Pentru acest tip de numeral exist i o form folosit n limbaj ethnic. Ex: SINGLE (1), DOUBLE (2), TRIPLE (3), FOURFOLD (4), TENFOLD (10), etc. Numeral cardinal + AT A TIME Ex: one at a time ( unul odat ), two at a time ( 2 odat ) Numeral cardinal + BY+ numeral cardinal. Ex: one by one ( unul cate unul), two by two ( 2 cate doi) Numeral cardinal+AND+numeral cardinal Ex: two and two ( 2 i cu 2), three and three ( 3 i cu 3). BY THE+numeral cardinal, colectiv Ex: by the hundred ( cu suta ) , by the dozen ( cu duzina ). APROXIMATIA Se exprim prin cuvinte ca: ABOUT=cam, cca, n jur de ; ALMOST=NEARLY (aproape), approximately=aproximativ. Ex: this car is about 5,000 USD ( maina asta e n jur de 5.000 $). DEPASIREA Se exprim prin cuvinte ca: OVER=peste, MORE THAN=mai mult de, AND MORE=pe puin Ex: This car is over 5,000 $; This car is more than 5,000$; This car is 5,000 $ and more. EXPRIMAREA OREI What time is it? (cat e ceasul?) Oclock (-) (+) Quarter To Past Half A.M = antemeridian ( diminea); P.M = postmeridian (seara); 9:00 = Its nine o,clock; 9:10 = Its ten minutes past nine; 21

9:15 = Its quarter past nine; 9:30 = Its half past nine; 9:45 = Its quarter to ten; 9:50 = ts ten minutes to ten; 12 = Its noon (pranzul) Its midnight (miezul nopii). In system american: 3:10 = three ten, 5:15 = five fifteen, 20:40 = twenty forty, 12:00 = twelve hundred. CALENDARUL The days of the week are (zilele sptmanii sunt): MONDAY = luni, TUESDAY = mari, WEDNESDAY = miercuri, THURSDAY = joi, FRIDAY = vineri, SATURDAY = sambt, SUNDAY = duminic. The months of the year are ( lunile anului sunt): JANUARY JULY FEBRUARY AUGUST MARCH SEPTEMBER APRIL OCTOBER MAY NOVEMBER JUNE DECEMBER ATENTIE! Lunile anului i zilele sptmanii se scriu cu liter mare indifferent de poziia lor in propoziie, pe cand anotimpurile NU!!!! EXPRIMAREA DATEI (the date): What day is today? Today is : the 2nd of January 1998 January 2, 1998. Anul se citete fie ntreg, fie n dou buci. De obicei englezii pun ntai luna i apoi ziua ( n scris). The four seasons are: spring = primvara, autumn = toamna summer = vara, , winter = iarna. Atenie! In englez anotimpurile nu se articuleaz (the). Ex: The farmers work the land in spring. (fermierii lucreaz pmantul primvara). Momentele zilei: in the morning = dimineaa, at noon = la pranz, in the afternoon = dupamiaza, in the evening = seara, at midnight = la miezul nopii, at dawn = n zori, at night = noaptea (by night), by day = ziua. SUBSTANTIVUL Clasificare: o Substantive proprii: denumesc fiine, locuri, evenimente istorice, naionaliti, lunile, zilele, etc. 22

Acestea se scriu cu liter mare oriunde ar fi in propozitie Ex: Dan gray, England, London, World war I, Englishman, Sunday, January. o Substantive commune: care se impart n mai multe categorii; o Substantive commune concrete: numesc persoane neprecizate, plante, animale, fenomene, lucruri ce pot fi atinse cu mana; Ex: boy-girl, flower-tree, dog-cat, rain-snow, chair. o Substantive comune abstracte: numesc stri, sentimente, noiuni generale, aciuni. Ex: sadness, blues, love, hate, fight, motif, dream. o Substantive commune colective: la singular numesc o pluralitate de obiecte sau persoane similare considerate a fi un tot unitar. Ex: army ( armat ), team(echip), people (grup de oameni); o Substantive comune numrabile: au atat form de plural cat i de singular Ex: boy-boys, girl-girls; o Substantive comune nenumrabile: NU au decat form de singular, chiar dac n romn traducem cu plural. Nu primesc n faa lor articolul nehotrat a/an. Se folosesc NUMAI cu verbul la singular. Ex: The information is interesting. Informaiile sunt interesante. GENUL SUBSTANTIVELOR o Ex: o Ex: o Ex: o Ex: Masculin: pentru fiine de sex brbtesc boy, man, brother, bull, cock; Feminin: pentru fiine de sex femeiesc. girl, woman, sister, cow; Neutru: pentru obiecte sau fiine al cror sex nu conteaz. house, table, cat, dog, baby; Comun: pentru substantive care au aceiai form la ambele genuri teacher, doctor, child, friend, pupil, engineer, writer.

NUMARUL SUBSTANTIVELOR o Singular: este forma din dicionar. Numete o singur fiin sau un singur lucru. o Plural: numete mai multe fiine/lucruri. Se obine adugand s la sfaritul formei de singular. Ex: boy-boys, book-books. EXCEPTII: Subst. terminate n o, x, s, z, ch, sh, primesc es. Ex: fox-foxes, bus - buses, watch-watches. Subst. terminate n y care are nainte o consoan, l transform n i+es. Ex: baby-babies, country-countries, hobby-hobbies. Obs. Regulile nu se aplic pentru cele terminate n th sau cand y are nainte o vocal. Ex: month-months, toy - toys Subst. terminate n f sau fe la plural se transform n ves 23

Ex: leaf-leaves, wolf-wolves, elf-elves Excepii: chief-chiefs, dwarf-dwarfs, cliff-cliffs, grief-griefs, roof-roofs, proof-proofs. Subst. preluate din limba strin primesc s direct, nu se supun regulilor. Ex: piano-pianos, photo-photos, soprano-sopranos. SUBSTANTIVE CU PLURAL NEREGULAT Exist dou categorii: Substantive care i schimb forma la plural: Man men foot feet Woman women tooth teeth Mouse mice child children Goose geese ox oxen Substantive care fie au dou forme de plural fie au dou traduceri: Ex: die( zar, matri ) dies = matrie dice =zaruri index (index) indexes (indexuri) indices (indici, indicatori). Medium ( mediu, pers) mediums ( pers ) media (mass-media, multimedia ). Custom (obicei, tradiie) customs (obiceiuri/vam) Damage (avarie, stricciune) damages (avarii / despgubiri) Pain (durere) pains (dureri, osteneal) Manner (s) = mod moduri, maniere / purtare Receipt chitane; receipts = chitane, ncasri Return = napoiere / redare returns = napoieri / venituri Advice sfat advices = informaii, comunicri, tiri Bearing = conduit bearings = direcie, poziie relativ Practice practic practices = mainaii Work munc works = mecanismul unui ceas / maini Cost cost, pre costs = cheltuieli Nume de culori la plural blues = melodie trist, stare de melancolie, deprimare greens = verdeuri, fete tinere, dolari whites = albatri, lenjerie grays = haine gri, cai cenuii

Substantive nenumrabile Nu primesc s, a / an i se folosesc cu verbul la singular. Luck advice equipment business Nonsense luggage knowledge money Information furniture fun merchandise Happiness peace bread meat Sand rice progress thunder Substantive numai cu form de plural

light news

24

 Ex: Ex:

boli i stri: blues, hysterics mbrcminte din dou pri: pants, jeans, overalls, shorts instrumente: glasses, scissors tiine, obiecte de studiu: economics, informatics, mathematics nume geografice: the Alps, the Carpathians pri ale corpului: vitals, genitals diverse: customs, damages, means, manners, stairs, thanks Substantive compuse s se adaug la ultimul cuvnt, cnd e considerat tot unitar class fellows forget me nots 20years olds Grown ups merry go rounds dup primul substantiv cnd restul cuvintelor au rol de atribut fathers in law lookers on Mothers in law passers by

Substantive proprii se adaug s la sfrit indiferent de litera final si obligatoriu art. hot the in fata Ex: the Browns, the Pennys, the Marinos = familia the Romeos = mai muli biei numii Romeo sau cu caliti de Romeo Exerciiu: Punei substantivele din paranteze la plural i traducei: 1. There are hundreds of (book) on the (shelf). 2. All his (toy) are in the room. 3. Those (man) are (tourist). 4. (Child) like (story). 5. They left their (watch) on the table. 6. Do you see the white (cliff) of Dover? 7. (Leaf) fall in autumn. 8. There are lots of (goose) on that farm. 9. Do you buy any (potato) and (tomato)? 10.Wipe your (foot) here, please. 11.Those (woman) are (housewife). 12.There are some (mouse) in the courtyard. 13.The (news) is interesting. 14.He packs his (luggage). PROPOZITII INTEROGATIVE Folosesc n formare pronume interogative. Pronumele interogative au aceeai form att la singular ct i la plural. De obicei se aeaza la nceputul propoziiei. WHO? = cine, folosit pentru personae WHOSW? = al cui? A cui? Ale cui? TO WHOM? = cui? WHO (acuzativ)? = pe cine? Pe care? Cu cine? WHICH (OF)? = care dintre? Care? 25

WHAT? = care? Ce?, folosit numai pentru lucruri. La persoane se folosete ntrebnd profesia, ce faci? Ex: Who are you? (cine eti tu?) What are you? Im an engineer. (ce eti?) Which ever? (oare pe care?) What ever? (oare ce?) Whos who? (cine este cineva?) What about you? (dar tu?) Se mai folosesc i adverbe interogative, care se pun la nceput. HOW? = cum?, WHY? = de ce?, WHEN? = cnd? WHERE? = unde? Obs: Aceste pronume i adverbe pot fi folosite i cu alte scopuri n propoziie, nu neaprat n ntrebri. Ex: Let me know when he will leave for Paris. Informeaz-m cnd el va pleca la Paris. SHOPPING Vezi i materialul xerocopiat. Vocabular specific Shop magazin Department store magazin universal Supermarket Mega market mall Goods, commodities bunuri, mrfuri To go shopping = a merge la cumprturi Price low price = pre mic --> cheap = ieftin, to cheapen = a ieftini high price = pre ridicat --> expensive / dear = scump, to put up the price = a scumpi Its dear but it pays! = e scump dar merit! To sell (sold) = a vinde, to buy = a cumpra Shop assistant, salesman, saleswoman = vnztor Customer = client What can I do for you? May I help you? = Ce dorii? (ce pot face pentru dumneavoastr? Pot s v ajut?) Id like this, please! = A dori, mi-ar plcea asta, v rog! How much is it? What is the price? = Ct cost? Ce pre are? Ready weighed / ready packed = preambalat (cntrit i mpachetat) Ready bottled = mbuteliat Wrap / pack = a mpacheta, a ambala Bill comes (amounts) to 50 $. = Nota de plat este 50$. Cash register (desk) = casa, to pay in cash = plata n numerar Price tag = etichet Tinned /canned = consevant Queue = coad, to queue up = a sta la coad Packet / parcel = pachet 26

Paper / plastic bag, = pung (hrtie / plastic), saco Shopkeeper / shop owner = negustorul, proprietarul magazinului To leave a deposit = a da acont To sell by installments / hire and purchase = a vinde n rate Money banknote bani de hrtie small change mruni, bani de metal I have no small change about me = n-am mrunt Made in Romania = fabricat n RO, Romanian product = produs romnesc Gross weight = greutate brut, net weight = neto 1 pound = 453,39 grams, 1 pint ~ 0,570l order = comand, a comanda delivery charge = tax de livrare fitting room = cabin de prob

Aplicaie THE SEASON (traduceri) SPRING begin on the twenty first of March. The weather gets warmer. The sun shines brightly in a blue sky. The snow meets quickly and turns into water. The grass and flowers grows. The birds come back. SUMMER begin on the twenty first of June. The weather is hot. We often have thunderstorms. When the wind blows hard and black clouds cover the sky, we can hear the thunder and see the lightning. AUTUMN comes after summer. The weather gets cooler and then colder. The leaves fall from the trees. It often rains and we need umbrellas. WINTER comes last. The snow falls and covers the ground. It is very cold. There is frost and it freezes. Dialog despre vreme (traduceri) I. What is the weather like in your country? We have a temperate climate: warm / hot summers, cold winters and cool / foggy autumns. In spring the weather is very changeable. Well, my country is arid. There is like little rain but when it rains we have thunderstorms and even hurricanes. II. What is the weather like in your country? I think that it is what a spring day looks like. At down the sun is just rising. A cool breeze is blowing from the east but there are no clouds in the sky. Gradually the breeze turns into a wind. Clouds appear and at noon, the sky is overcast. It lights and thunders large raindrops begin to fall. But soon the bright sun shines out again. The air is fresh. VOCABULAR 27

Cool = rcoros Cold = rece To begin = a ncepe Weather = vreme To shine = a strluci Brightly = strlucitor Snow = zpad Rain = ploaie Thunderstorm = furtun Lightning = fulgere Wind = vnt
THE WEATHER IS FINE

warm = cldu hot = fierbinte To get warmer = a se nclzi To get colder = a se rci To melt = a se topi To turn into (water) = a se transforma (n ap) To grow = a crete To blow = a sufla To fall = a cdea

Is a fine (nice, lovely) day, isnt it? Its wonderful out today! What a clear (starlit, cloudless) night! The sun is coming out! I expect we are going to have a fine day.

THE WEATHER IS HOT

Its a stuffy day! Its 40oC in the shade! The temperature is rising (going up). The heat is unbearable.
THE WEATHER IS BAD

What a rainy (cloudy, foggy, windy, stormy) day! The sky is overcast! Its still raining hard (fast, heavily). Its raining cats and dogs! Im wet to the skin!

THE WEATHER IS COLD

What a cold (frosty) day! Its extremely cold out! The river is frozen over! Its freezing! The snow and ice are meeting (snow is falling hard). EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES To wake up To brush To shave oneself To leave for To get out of bed To have (take) a shower (bath) To dry oneself on towel To get dressed = to put on (off) clothes 28

To get to to arrive To call on to pass To be over = finished Spare time on duty off duty to be back from to came back

To have a rest To go shopping To go for a walk (drive) To go cycling To wash To comb

What time do you wake up in the morning? Do you do your morning exercises every day? Where do you have your shower? What do you do next? (after breakfast) What time does work begin at your office? (you are on duty) What time is the program at your office over? What do you do when your program is over? (you are off duty?) What time do you go to bed? What do you do on Sundays (week - ends)?

I. Rspundei la ntrebrile de mai sus. II. Vorbii liber despre programul dvs. zilnic. CONVERSATIE LA CUMPARATURI To the wine counter (la raionul de buturi) Have you got any white wine? What kind of white wine: sweet wine, dinner wine, dry wine, sparkling wine ? Something fine, I think! You knowI take to drinking! Oh, I guess you have to drink a bottle of hock or maybe a bottle of champagne! Why not!? Give a bottle of champagne! What kind of strong drinks (spirits) have you got? We have got cognac, liqueur, plum brandy, vermouth, vodka, gin, rum whisky Give me a bottle of cognac, please! And soft drinks? Mineral water, soda, fruit juice, tonic water Give me a bottle of lemon squash, please! Here you are! Thanks! Bye! Avei vin alb? De care vin alb: de desert, de mas, sec, spumos? Ceva superior, cred! tiim-am apucat de but! Oh, cred c trebuie s bei o sticl de vin de Rin sau poate o sticl de ampanie! De ce nu?! Dai-mi o sticl de ampanie! Ce fel de buturi tari avei? Avem coniac, lichior, uic, vermut, vodc, gin, rom Dai-mi o sticl de coniac, v rog! i buturi rcoritoare? Ap mineral, sifon, suc de fructe, ap tonic Dai-mi o sticl de suc de lmie, v rog! Poftii! 29

 Mulumesc! Pa! To the bakery Counter (at the bakers) / La raionul de panificaie (la brutrie) Id like a loaf of white bread and two loaves of brown bread, please! Here you are, sir! Have you got whole meal bread? Or something else? Yes, of course. We have got rolls, buns, graham bread, rye bread, fancy bread, currant bun, ginger bread, sticks, croissants, breadsticks, cracknels, Give me ten rolls and a gingerbread bag, please! Here you are! Thanks! A dori o pine alb i dou pini negre, v rog! Poftii, dle. Avei pine integral? Sau altceva? Da, bineneles. Avem chifle, franzelue, graham, pine de secar, pinie cu lapte, cu stafide, turt dulce, grisine, cornuri, crochete, pesmet, covrigei Dai-mi 10 chifle i o pung de turt dulce, v rog! Poftii! Mulumesc!

At the Ladies Ready Made Clothes department (La raionul de cofecii de dam)

Can I find here a fashionable evening dress? This is the latest fashion in Paris! Oh, havent you got the same pattern but a darker shade? Something more stylish? Here you are, madam! 100EURO. Isnt this dress rather dear? Yes but cheap clothes do not wear well. It is worth the money it costs. Yes, its dear but it pays, really! I advice you to get hold of this dress as long as its still on sale! Pot gsi aici o rochie de sear elegant? Aceasta este ultima mod la Paris. Oh, nu avei acelai model ntr-o nuan mai nchis? Ceva mai elegant? Poftii, dn! 100Euro Nu e cam scump rochia asta? Da dar hainele ieftine nu se poart bine. Merit banii. Mda, e scump dar face! Adevrat! V sftuiesc s achiziionai aceast rochie ct se mai gsete!
Adjectiv Substantiv Foaie individual

Folosirea articolelor cu substantivele care exprima naionalitatea

ara Continentul Folosire generic

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China Japan Portugal Switzerland Vietnam Israel Pakistan Africa America Asia Australia Italy Belgium Brazil Europe Germany Greece Hungary Norway

Chinese Japanese Portuguese Swiss Vietnamese Israeli Pakistani African American Asian Australian Italian Belgian Brazilian European German Greek Hungarian Norwegian

Singular A Chinese A Japanese A Portuguese A Swiss A Vietnamese An Israeli An Pakistani An African An American An Asian An Australian An Italian A Belgian A Brazilian A European A German A Greek A Hungarian A Norwegian

Plural (two) Chinese Japanese Portuguese Swiss Vietnamese Israelis Pakistanis Africans Americans Asians Australians Italians Belgians Brazilians Europeans Germans Greeks Hungarians Norwegians

The Chinese The Japanese The Portuguese The Swiss The Vietnamese The Israelis The Pakistanis The Africans The Americans The Asians The Australians The Italians The Belgians The Brazilians The Europeans The Germans The Greeks The Hungarians The Norwegians

Denmark Finland Poland Spain Sweden Arabia

Danish Finnish Polish Spanish Swedish Arabic

A Dane A Finn A Pole A Spaniard A Swedo An Arab

Danes Finns Poles Spaniards Swedes Arabs

The Danes (Danish) The Finns (Finnish) The Poles (Polish) The Spaniards (Spanish) The Swedes (Swedish) The Arabs

England France

English French

An Englishman A Frenchman

Englishmen Frenchmen

Englishmen The English Frenchmen The French Dutchmen The Dutch Irishmen The Irish Welshmen The Welsh Britons The British

Holland The Netherlands

Dutch

A Dutchman

Dutchmen

Ireland Wales Britain

Irish Welsh British

An Irishman A Welshman A Briton

Irishmen Welshmen Britons

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Scotland

Scots Scottish (Scotch)

A Scotsman A Scot (a Scotchman)

Scotsmen Scots (Scotchmen)

Scotsmen The Scots Scotchmen The Scotch

CURRICULUM VITAE FOTO

Surname: First name: LUNGU JEANA Mobile: 004 0740 428335

Address: 27 Nae Leonard Street, bl. R3, ap. 22, Galai Romania Home phone: 004 0236 471634 Date and place of birth: May 28, 1965 Galai Civil status: divorced / married / widow / single / (bachelor / spinster) Children: OANA LORELEI, January 31, 1996 Galai Educaion: 1983 1990 University of Galai / Polytechnic Faculty engineer (mechanical) 1994 1998 American University by Mail / World Semiotics semiotician Other skills: 2003 Human Resources inspector 2003 Hotel Receptionist 2002 Italian language 2002 French language 2001 English language 1998 Computer literacy Professional experience: 2001 2004 SOCIAL TRADE Galai Vocational training and continuing learning center English / French teacher 1996 2002 SC Karp SRL Galai translator / part time 1998 2001 Mircea travel Agency Galai translator / full time 1993 1997 Primary School M. Koglniceanu Galai English / French teacher 1983 1990 IMEH and Coop. Metalul Galai 3B locksmith Language skills: good command in English and French Satisfactory in Italian and Turkish Hobbies: writing Im writing short stories and tales for children / latest publication in Cronica magazine Iai, 2000; graphics exhibition at UJCM Library Galai October, 1988;

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foreign language and travel. I do not have a criminal record I have not a driver license

Scrisoarea de intenie *** The Motivation Letter is the document that accompanies your CV when you are applying for a job. Its goals is to introduce the CV, to bring to attention aspects of your activity that can help your application and are at listed or not presented in the CV. In short, its goal is to answer the recruiters question: Why should I hire this person? *** your address and contact details come under your name, in the upper right corner of the page Gabriela PASALAU 31, Traian Vuia Street, bl. V2, Ap. 8 Galai, 6200 Phone: 0740 612191 *** aligned left, write the name, function, organization and address of the person you are writing to Mihai POPESCU Shop Manager SC Germanos SA 369, Pantelimon Street Bucureti *** under the receivers address, but aligned right, write the date of the day when you are writing the letter. Galai, June 24, 2002 *** You should address the letter directly to him or her Dear Mr. Mihai POPESCU *** The goal of the first paragraph is to specify what you are applying for and how did you find out about that opportunity. I am addressing you this letter as a response to your ad in Viaa liber local newspaper, to apply for sales representative position. 33

*** the second paragraph should list your skills and qualifications that make you the right person for the position you are applying for. Read carefully the announcement, identify the requirements and see how your skills match those required. For more than a year, I am working in a mobile communication services and I learnt that every client is very important to us and must be approached kindly, with patience, sincerely and fairly information. *** the third should point out why you want it. You should outline your interest for the skills you are going to learn if you get the job. I consider myself a motivated person in everything Im doing, opened to people and their needs, always desirous for improving and results. Im wishing very much to work in your company, to gain experience working in a professional environment, giving to the client the trust in our services. *** the last paragraph outlines your availability for an interview, suggesting in this way a concrete follow-up for your application. It is customary for formal letters to mention whether you have enclosed any documents accompanying the letter. Enclosed find my C.V which details professional experience, my skills for this position and my photo. If you want more information about me, Ill be delighted to answer you face to face in an interview, the day and the time will be decided following your program. Thank you for your time. *** do not forget to leave a blank space between the closing and your name and to sign the letter in the space. Your sincerely, Best regards, Gabriela PASALAUI your faithfully

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