Instrumentele de dezvoltare a sistemelor multiagent reprezint concepte relativ noi in inteligenta artificiala relativ la sistemele distribuite.

Scopul este de a nelege paradigma instrumentelor de dezvoltare a agenilor, studiind metodologia utilizat n modele de design a multiagenilor i aplicaiile pe care acetia le dezvolta. Este realizat astfel un studiu comparativ, care include instrumente de dezvoltare a agenilor. Toolkit urile cu ageni mobili !"# sunt aproape sisteme soft$are de sine stttoare, incapabile s comunice cu altele asemenea lor i de multe ori fiind doar prototipuri dezvoltate doar pentru rezolvarea unei anumite probleme de cercetare. E%ist astfel concepte diferite n ceea ce privete noiunile de baz ale agenilor mobili& ' ce ar trebui s fac un agent mobil din punct de vedere al programatorului( ' un obiect de un anumit tip definete mai multe funcii de baz pentru agenii mobili cum ar fi comunicarea i migraia, sau orice obiect serializabil( ' ce nivel de comunicaie este necesar& unul simplu ntre agenii care aparin aceleai agenii sau unul comple% care permite i comunicarea la distan( ' ce nivel de securitate este necesar& unul care prote)eaz *ost urile mpotriva unor ageni maliioi, sau este necesar a se prote)a i agenii mpotriva altor agenii maliioase( ' ce fel de mobilitate este necesar( +neori c*iar i cea mai general idee de cercetare nu poate fi adaptat pentru alt toolkit de ageni mobili din cauza diferenelor dintre conceptele de baz. E%cept,nd dou toolkit uri -.glets i /rass*opper0 care suport protocolul de migraie 1.SI2 propus ca standard 31/ n 4""5, este practic imposibil s faci alte dou toolkit uri interoperabile. n contrast cu implementarea unui mare numr de prototipuri, puine dintre acestea au fost dezvoltate ca toolkit uri mobile care ar putea fi folosite n aplicaii de nivel industrial. .cestea sunt dezvoltate ca sisteme monolitice, cu un mare numr de funcii i sunt greu de configurat i folosit. E aproape imposibil s modifici i s e%tinzi astfel de sisteme pentru a le utiliza cu succes n orice tip de scenariu de aplicaie soft$are. 6entru a remedia aceasta situaie, una dintre cele mai importante

provocri a fost ca prin proiectul Trac7 s se dezvolte un nou model de ar*itectur ca referine pentru alte toolkit uri mobile. .cest capitol realizeaz o revizuire a fiecrui agent, apoi efectueaz o comparaie pe mai multe niveluri de abstractizare, fc,nd o evaluare dintr o comparaie colectiva a instrumentelor de dezvoltare a agenilor, precum i a eficientei acestora. .u fost alei cinci ageni care vor fi investigai pentru a nelege diversitatea si dinamica sistemelor multiagent. 6entru a nelege ar*itectura agenilor sunt folosite urmtoarele caracteristici ale agenilor& autonomie, auto nvare, comunicare, cooperare, mobilitate i scop, caracteristici ce au fost incluse at,t in designul ar*itectural, precum i in metodologia instrumentelor. 8oiunea de agenie este o e%tensie a unei noiuni mai slabe, i susine proprieti suplimentare pe care agentul le incorporeaz. Te*nologia agentul a fost subiect de dezbatere, nelegerea diferitelor abordri din spatele fiecrui ar*itecturi de agent este fundamental, ns acest lucru a fost de asemenea un subiect de opinie cu privire la cea mai bun abordare. 6entru a putea face o comparaie eficace i care s evalueze instrumentele individuale folosind instrumente de dezvoltare a multiagentilor pentru a compara performana lor, va fi folosit o nelegere la nivel nalt a unei metodologii specifice de dezvoltare a agenilor orientai. Se va realiza un studiu amnunit al ar*itecturii agenilor. n cadrul acestui studiu comparativ vor fi analizate urmtoarele utilitare folosite pentru dezvoltarea sistemelor multiagent& ' 9.:; -9ava Intelligent .gent 2rame$ork0 ' 9.<E -9ava .gent <evelopment 2rame$ork0 ' 9.S38 -9ava +sing .gent Speak0 ' .gentTool ' :ougaar -:ognitive .gent .rc*itecture0 <efiniia unui agent difer datorita diversitii si funcionalitii acestora. :ei mai muli cercettori dau definiii pentru ageni slabi si ageni tari. 8oiunea de slab definete termenul de agent autonom, sociabil i reactiv -!4=#, !=>#0, n timp ce noiunea de tare este mult mai descriptiv, un agent este n general privit ca un sistem care pe l,ng proprietile unui agent slab este conceput sau implementat folosind concepte care folosesc noiuni cognitive, precum cunotinele, inteniile, obligaiile i emoiile.

1uli cercettori au considerat ca te*nologia agentului este un rezultat de convergen a mai multe te*nologii din domeniul tiinei calculatoarelor, precum programarea orientat obiect, programarea distribuit i inteligena artificial. +n aspect important al agentului este abilitatea de a oferi inteligen prin interaciune, care sugereaz unirea a dou flu%uri de cercetare diferite precum inteligena artificial i interaciunea om calculator. Inteligena artificial n mod tradiional presupune inteligena pur cu puine interaciuni e%terne. .ceast abordare produce bloca)e n special atunci c,nd problemele apar n sisteme dezvoltate prin te*nici din inteligena artificial. .pariia sistemelor .? i nevoia de interaciune au condus la un nou domeniu numit inteligena artificial distribuit. .genii raionali e%tind bazele de date inteligente la cadre care permit descrieri bazate pe logic i specificaii ale comunicrii dintre ageni. 6entru a nelege standardele pentru agenii, 2I6. dezvoltat o specificaie ar*itectural care a acoperit limba de comunicare a agenilor, structura mesa)elor, transportul mesa)elor. 2I6. este implementat cu a)utorul e%tensiilor 9ack i 9.<E n ceea ce privete interoperabilitatea ntre ageni, stabilirea comunicrii ntre ageni. .gentTool, :ougaar i 9ason a fost pus n aplicare interaciunea lor folosind protocoale diferite dezvoltate folosind abordri individuale, care are un alt set de abordri prevzute de caietul de sarcini standard de 2I6.. :omunicarea, utiliz,nd metodologia primara, nu este e%clus, si utilizeaz protocoale diferite de interaciune i de structur n cadrul ar*itecturilor individuale. n conformitate cu 9.<E ar*itectura standard a fost pe deplin compatibila cu standardul stabilit de ndeplinire a tuturor specificaiilor, prin spri)inul oferit pe toate nivelurile de ontologie. 9ack, de asemenea, respect n totalitate caietul de sarcini, prin spri)inul oferit de e%tindere, ca parte a serviciilor sale pentru ali ageni. .lte instrumente de creare a agenilor, 9ason i :ougaar, utilizeaz o metodologie diferit n ceea ce privete modul n care acestea comunica. 9.<E i 9ack respect standardul prin paradigma agent, pledeaz pentru autonomie n utilizarea mediilor sale, permi,nd interaciunea social cu alte ar*itecturi i utilizeaz cea mai mare a ontologiei 2I6. n procesarea pro activ. 6rocesul de comunicare permite agenilor s i ndeplineasc sarcinile prin utilizarea proprietii de interoperabilitate. :ooperarea permite desfurarea altor ageni in cadrul reelei.

:omunicarea permite mobilitatea, prin intermediul ontologiei, la diferite niveluri, pentru atingerea scopurilor.

9.<E -9ava .gent <evelopment 2rame$ork0 !5# a fost deplin codat n 9ava ca un agent de programare pentru a e%ploata cadrul de lucru. 9.<E este scris n limba)ul de programare 9ava i este format din mai multe pac*ete 9ava oferind programatorilor de aplicaii at,t piese funcionale gata fcute c,t i interfaa abstract pentru aplicaii ce depind de task uri. 9ava a fost limba)ul de programare ales datorit caracteristicilor sale atractive, n special orientate spre programarea orientat pe obiecte n medii distribuite eterogene. .r*itectura 9.<E este aceea a unei ar*itecturi principale care controleaz celelalte containere i care este distribuit n cadrul reelei. @iaa unui agent 9.<E ncepe cu elementul principal care distribuie servicii pentru *ostarea i e%ecuia agentului. .r*itectura principal 9.<E este punctul de pornire pe platform i permite managementul elementelor rmase astfel nc,t acestea s comunice cu ar*itectura principal, aceste containere au o legtura cu ar*itectura principal. Elementul duce responsabilitatea obiectelor referite i transport adresele tuturor containerelor noduri din care este compus ar*itectura principal. Informaiile pe care le dob,ndesc containerele sunt adrese de ageni, nume, etc. .ceste informaii sunt pstrate apoi n containerul principal, i atunci c,nd este depistata o identitate 9.<E se autorizeaz cone%iunea. :ontainerul principal 9.<E este entitatea care deine toate informaiile despre agent. :u toate acestea, dac n timpul proces de conectare cone%iunea returneaz eroare, ar*itectura principal urmeaz diferite etape pentru a obine referine adecvate

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