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Documente Cultură
BUCURESTI
DEPARTAMENTUL AUTOVEHICULE RUTIERE
UNIVERSITATEA POLITEHNICA
Proiect la Automobile II
ndrumtor proiect
Student:Rdcin Claudiu
.L. dr. Ing.Laureniu Popa
Grupa : 8403b
2015-2016
.L.
Capitolul 1
Calculul de traciune si determinarea
perfomanelor dinamice
1.1 Predeterminarea si definitivarea raportului de transmitere al transmisiei
principale
V = 0.377
rr n
i 0 i sk
[km/h]
(1.1)
V max
= 0.377
r r nV
i 0 i sN
max
[km/h]
(1.2)
Tinandu-se cont ca modelele similare sunt echipate cu schimbator de viteze cu 3 arbori, se va adopta
si pentru autocamion un schimbator de viteze asemanator, astfel incat raportul treaptei de priza directa este
egal cu unitatea (i sN =1) .
Din relatia (5.2),rezulta:
r r nV
V max i sN
max
(i0)pred = 0.377
rr
(1.3)
nV
max
, se calculeaza cu
expresia:
nV
max
np
(1.4)
max
= 0.997
2050
= 2043 rot/min
(i0)pred = 0.377
0.4854 2050
120 1
= 3.12
zc
(i0)pred= z p
(1.5)
Aleg zp= 13 dini
zc=zp*i0 =13*3.12=40,56
Aproximez zc la valori ntregi: zc1=40 dinti; zc2=41 dini apoi i zc3=42
recalculm i0:
zc 1
i01= zp
zc 3
i03= zp
40
i01= 13 =3.07
42
i03= 13 =3.23
zc 2
i02= zp
41
i02= 13 =3.15
410
615
825
1035
1087
1245
1455
1665
1875
2050
P [kW]
52.200
72
82.372
68
114.06
41
144.99
12
152.34
97
173.58
46
198.27
44
217.49
12
229.66
52
235.05
6
M[ Nm
]
121.65
31
127.97
9
132.10
69
133.85
42
133.91
92
133.22
09
130.20
7
124.81
25
117.03
74
108.73
96
250
200
150
P
M
100
50
0
200
400
600
800
Pentru a definitiva raportul principal de transmitere se va folosi un grafic ce va arta evoluia puterii n
funcie de valorile alese
250.00
200.00
150.00
i01
i02
100.00
i03
Pmax
50.00
0.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
max Ga r d
M max i 0 t
(1.6)
max =f
(0) = 0.016
max =0.016
is 1
=4.64
( + f )Gr r
M m maxi 0 t
(1.8)
unde :
-
r
i s=
i s 1< i s
10
ln
N=1+
ln
i s1
iN
( )
( )
(1.9)
nP
nm
=3,41
N 1 j1
sN
j
i N
s1
(1.10)
Pentru treapta 2:
i s 2=
4 1 21
s4
i 42
s 1 =2.78
Pentru treapta 3:
i s 3=
4 1 31
s4
i 43
s 1 =1.66
11
nr r
30i 5i 0
nr r
30i0v
(1.12)
n m+n P
2
nec =
1087+2050
=1569rpm
2
(1.13)
15690.4854
=0,76
303,1533,05
12
140
120
1
100
80
Tr1
Tr2
60
Tr3
Tr4
40
Tr5
20
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
n funcie de vitez
4047 4049 4028
13
13.6 15.5
8
2425 2426 2413
21.6 22.7 26
3937
18.2
3774
20.8
3539
23.4
3288
25.6
2359
30.4
2261
34.7
2120
39
1970
42.8
1448
36.2
1448
38
1441
43.5
1408
51
1350
58
1266
65.6
1176
71.7
872
60
872
63
868
72
848
84
813
96
762
109
708
119
13
Tr V
F [N]
V
[km/]
602
31.3
4
633
47
654
63
662
79
663
83
659
95
644
111
618
127
579
800
700
600
Tr1
500
Tr2
Tr3
400
Tr4
300
Tr5
200
100
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
538
Ft Rrul Ra R p Rd
Pr Prul Pa Pp Pd
(1.15)
unde:
Ft - for de traciune necesar pentru nvingerea rezistenelor la naintare;
Rrul rezistena la rulare;
Ra rezistena aerului;
Rp rezistena la pant;
Pr puterea la roat;
Prul puterea necesar nvingerii rezistenei la rulare;
Pa puterea necesar nvingerii rezistenei aerului;
Pp puterea necesar nvingerii rezistenei la pant.
Pentru determinarea rezistenelor la naintare, i a puterilor corespunztoare, va trebui
mai exact s se determine Rrul rezistena la rulare, Rp rezistena la pant i Ra rezistena aerului
Rezistenele la naintare se vor calcula n urmatoarele situaii de deplasare a
autovehiculului:
=0
- deplasare n palier ( p
) fr vnt ;
- deplasare n panta maxim a drumului modernizat (
pmax =8
) fr vnt.
[daN]
(1.16)
- Rezistena la pant:
R p=G a sin( p )
[daN]
(1.17)
- Rezistena aerului:
k A V x 2
R a=
13
[daN]
(1.18)
n care k este coeficientul aerodinamic (k=0.0615
15
cx
Vx
(1.19)
Vv
).
(1.20)
800.00
700.00
600.00
500.00
Rrul
400.00
Ra
300.00
R
#REF!
200.00
100.00
0.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
Figura 1.3 Variatia rezistentelor la inaintare in cazul deplasarii automobilului in palier [1].
250.00
200.00
150.00
Prul
Pp
100.00
50.00
0.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
16
D=
Ft Ra
Ga
(1.21)
17
D
v
Ra
Treapta
Ft
5.13
0.74
3678.7
82
0,2744
8
8.57
2.06
2204.0
98
0.0164
33
14.35
5.79
1316.1
16
0.0097
79
23.82
15.95
792.84
1
0.0057
98
31.34
27.61
602.55
92
0.0042
91
Treapta
1
Ft
D
v
Ra
Treapta
2
Treapta
3
Treapta
Ft
D
v
Ra
Ft
D
v
Ra
Ft
7.69
1.66
3870.0
76
0,2886
9
12.85
4.64
2318.7
1
0.0172
69
21.52
13.02
1384.5
53
0.0102
35
35.73
35.88
834.06
82
0.0059
57
47.01
62.11
633.89
18
10.32
2.99
3994.9
04
0,2979
17.24
8.35
2393.4
98
12.95
4.71
4047.7
42
0,3017
2
21.63
13.15
2425.1
56
0.0178
28.87
23.43
1429.2
11
0.0104
91
47.93
64.56
860.97
07
0.0059
43
63.06
111.78
654.33
77
0.018
36.22
36.88
1448.1
15
0.0105
32
60.13
101.61
872.35
82
0.0057
52
79.11
175.92
662.99
23
13.60
5.20
4049.7
06
0,3018
3
22.72
14.50
2426.3
32
0.0179
99
38.04
40.67
1448.8
17
0.0105
09
63.15
112.08
872.78
15
0.0056
77
83.09
194.05
663.31
39
0.0042
67
0.0040
49
0.0036
35
0.0035
02
18
15.58
6.82
4028.5
91
0,3001
3
26.02
19.02
2413.6
82
0.0178
71
43.57
53.36
1441.2
63
0.0103
58
72.33
147.03
868.23
09
0.0053
82
95.17
254.56
659.85
55
18.21
9.32
3937.4
51
0,2931
4
30.41
25.98
2359.0
76
0.0174
11
50.92
72.88
1408.6
57
0.0099
69
84.53
200.82
848.58
86
0.0048
34
111.22
347.67
644.92
73
20.84
12.21
3774.3
21
0,2807
5
34.79
34.03
2261.3
39
0.0166
22
58.27
95.43
1350.2
96
0.0093
65
96.73
262.97
813.43
14
0.0041
08
127.27
455.27
618.20
78
23.47
15.48
3539.2
03
0,2629
6
39.18
43.15
2120.4
71
0.0155
02
65.62
121.02
1266.1
8
0.0085
46
108.93
333.48
762.75
92
0.0032
04
143.32
577.36
579.69
7
0.0030
25
0.0022
18
0.0012
16
1.74E05
25.66
18.51
3288.2
79
0,2440
1
42.84
51.58
1970.1
32
0.0143
18
71.74
144.66
1176.4
1
0.0077
119.09
398.64
708.68
07
0.0023
14
156.70
690.16
538.59
74
0.0011
3
0.35
0.3
0.25
Tr1
0.2
Tr2
Tr3
0.15
Tr4
Tr5
0.1
0.05
0
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
19
120.00
140.00
(1.22)
unde:
=1+
Se aleg
( M+ A + R )1
(1.23)
ma
M+ A=0,03
R =0,04
Rezult din 1.23 =1,000002766
20
21
v
[km/h]
f [-]
Treapt
a2
a
v
[km/h]
f
Treapt
a3
a[-]
v
[km/h]
f
Treapt
a4
a [-]
v
[km/h]
f
Treapt
a5
a[-]
v
[km/h]
f
a [-]
5.13
0.01213
2
2.57363
7
7.69
0.0123
97
10.32
12.95
13.60
15.58
0.012674
0.012955
0.013025
0.01324
2.7104
2.798094
2.832761
2.833157
2.814402
8.57
0.01248
9
1.48956
2
12.85
0.0129
45
1.5671
14
17.24
21.63
22.72
26.02
0.013422
0.013911
0.014033
0.014411
1.614465
1.629338
1.628004
1.611732
14.35
0.01310
6
0.83070
5
21.52
0.0138
99
0.8677
36
28.87
36.22
38.04
43.57
0.014742
0.015616
0.015838
0.016522
0.884539
0.879955
0.875517
0.853985
23.82
0.01415
9
0.42985
9
35.73
0.0155
57
0.4317
36
47.93
60.13
63.15
72.33
0.017074
0.018679
0.01909
0.02037
0.415542
0.381014
0.369632
0.328151
31.34
0.01503
2
0.27345
2
47.01
0.0169
57
0.2522
41
63.06
79.11
83.09
95.17
0.019078
0.021349
0.021934
0.210049
0.147146
0.128372
22
18.21
0.0135
29
2.7430
16
20.84
0.01382
2
2.61860
3
30.41
0.0149
22
1.5616
47
34.79
0.01544
4
1.47908
3
50.92
0.0174
6
0.8066
29
58.27
0.01842
9
0.73788
6
84.53
0.0221
48
0.2569
54
96.73
0.02401
3
0.16742
2
23.47
0.014119
2.441164
39.18
0.015978
1.364041
65.62
0.019429
0.647756
108.93
25.66
0.01436
9
2.25279
5
42.84
0.01643
1
1.24336
2
71.74
0.02028
7
0.55631
2
0.025965
119.09
0.02765
7
0.07
0.02377
111.22
0.0263
41
120.00
0.027811
0.08
0.02
2.5
2
Tr 1
Tr 2
1.5
Tr 3
Tr 4
Tr 5
0.5
0
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
2
a1=2,83 m/ s
2
a2=1,62 m/ s
2
a3=0,87 m/ s
2
a4=0,38 m/ s
23
2
a5=0,27 m/ s
24
BIBLIOGRAFIE
1) Proiect AUTO I ( Autocar Interurban)
2) Curs C. Andreescu- Dinamica autovehiculelor
25