Elemente de analiz matematic

Virgil-Mihail Zaharia

2012

INTEGRALA NEDEFINIT

1. Primitive. Proprieti.
Definiia 1.

Fie f: I R. Se spune c f admite primitive pe I dac F : I R astfel nct

a) F este derivabil pe I;
b) F(x) =f(x), x I.

F se numete primitiva lui f. ( I poate fiinterval sau o reuniune finit disjunct de intervale).
Fie f : I R. Dac

Teorema 1.1

F ( x) c, x I.
Demonstraie : Dac F , F sunt primitive atunci F , F sunt derivabile F ( x )
F ' ( x) f ( x) x I
( F F ) ( x) F ( x) F ' ( x) 0 , x I. F ( x) F ( x) c , c= constant
OBS 1. Fiind dat o primitiv F a unei funcii atunci orice primitiv F a lui f are forma F = F + c , c= constant
R astfel nct

F1 , F2 : I R sunt dou primitive ale funciei f, atunci exist o constant c

( x)

'

'

'

f admite o infinitate de primitive.

OBS 2. Teorema nu mai rmne adevrat dac I este o reuniune disjunct de intervale Expl: f: R- 0

x
1
x
3
F=
, G= 3
3
x 2
3

f(x) = x

F, G sunt primitive ale lui f dar F-G nu e constant . Contradicie cu T 1.1

OBS 3. Orice funcie care admite primitive are Proprietatea lui Darboux.
Se tie c derivata oricrei funcii are P. lui Darboux , rezult c f are P lui Darboux. F =f.
OBS 4. Dac I este interval i f(I) def f ( x ) / x I nu este interval atunci f nu admite primitive.
Dac presupunem c f admite primitive atunci din OBS 3 rezult c f are P lui Darboux, rezult f(I) este interval ceea ce
este o contradicie.
OBS 5. Orice funcie continu definit pe un interval admite primitive.
Definiia 2. Fie f: I R o funcie care admite primitive. Mulimea tuturor primitivelor lui f se numete integrala

nedefinit a funciei f i se noteaz prin simbolul

funcii(care admite primitive ) se numete integrare.
Simbolul

f ( x ) dx. Operaia de calculare a primitivelor unei

a fost propus pentru prima dat de Leibniz, n 1675.

Fie F(I)= f : I R Pe aceast mulime se introduc operaiile :

1. (f+g)(x) =f(x)+ g(x) ,
2. (f)(x)=.f(x) x R , constant

f ( x ) dx = F F ( I ) / F

primitiv

lui

f .

Teorema 1.2 Dac f,g:I R sunt funcii care admit primitive i R, 0, atunci funciile f+g, f
admit de asemenea primitive i au loc relaiile:(f+g) =f +g, f=f, 0, f =f +C

Elemente de analiz matematic

Virgil-Mihail Zaharia

2012
2. PRIMITIVELE FUNCIILOR CONTINUE SIMPLE

1.

cdx c x C ,

2.

x dx

3.

x 1
x dx
C
1

4.

a x dx

5.

8.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

18.

19.

cR

x n1

C
n 1

dx

1
2

cos

Ex.

10
x dx

9.

sinxdx cosx C
x

1
1
xa
dx
ln
C
2
a
2a
xa

Ex

x a

dx ln x x 2 a 2 C

Ex

x a

Ex

1
2

a x

dx arcsin

x
C
a

tgxdx ln cos x C

x
2

x a

x
2

x a

17.

sin

10.

x 4

1
x 49
1
16 x

cos

Ex

dx

x2 a2 C

Ex

dx ctgx C

xdx sin x C

dx ln x x 2 49 C

dx arcsin

x
C
4

ctgxdx ln sin x C

x2 a2 C

dx ln( x 4 2 x 2 ) C

dx

1
1
x5
dx
ln
C
10
x5
25

7.

1
1
x
dx arctg
C
2
5
5
5

dx ln( x a 2 x 2 ) C Ex

1
2

1
dx ln x C
x

6.

Ex

x3
x3
3
3
x
dx

x
dx

C 3 x4 C

1
4
4
1
3
3
x
2
x
2 dx ln 2 C

1
1
x
dx arctg
C
2
a
a
a

x 11
C
11
1
3

Ex

dx tgx C

6dx 6 x C

Ex

a x
C
ln a

Ex

x
2

x 25
x
2

x 36

dx x 2 5 2 C

dx x 2 36 C

Elemente de analiz matematic

Virgil-Mihail Zaharia

2012
20.

21.

x
2

a x

dx a 2 x 2 C

Ex

x
25 x

dx 25 x 2 C

x2 a2dx

x 2 2 a2
x a lnx x2 a2 C
2
2

Ex

x2 7dx

x 2
7
x 7 ln x x2 7 C
2
2

22.

x2 a2 dx

x 2 2 a2
x a lnx x2 a2 C
2
2

Ex

x2 9dx

x 2
9
x 9 ln x x2 9 C
2
2

23.

a 2 x 2 dx

x 2
a2
x
a x 2 arcsin C
2
2
a

Ex

a2 x2 dx

x 2 2 a2
x
a x arcsin C
2
2
a

I. S se calculeze primitivele urmtoarelor funcii.

1. (3x 5 2 x 3 3 x 2)dx
3. ( x 1)( x x 1)dx
5.

x 3 x 45 x dx

7. x ( x 1) 3 dx
9. ( e x
11.

1
)dx
ex

10. (x 5 5 x )dx
2

5 4x
dx
x

12.

x23 dx

13.

x 2 4dx

14.

15.

4 x 2 dx

16*.

17*.

x2 3

dx
x2 2
1
19*.
dx
2
sin x cos 2 x
1 x
21*.
dx
1 x

2. x(x-1)(x-2)dx
1
4. (3 x 3 )dx
x x
5
3
2
6. 5 3
dx
x
x
x
5 3

8. 2 x 2 dx
x x

x3

x 2 9dx
1

dx
x x2 1
x2 2
18*.
dx
x2 3
1
20*.
dx
sin x cos x

Elemente de analiz matematic

Virgil-Mihail Zaharia

2012

3. PRIMITIVELE FUNCIILOR CONTINUE COMPUSE

1.

' (x)dx (x) C,

2.

( x ) ' ( x ) dx

3.

n
( x) ' ( x)dx

4.

( x) R

(x) 2

Ex

5 x 1' dx 5 x 1 C
2

4 x 3
4 x 3 4dx

Ex

Ex

5 x 2
7
5 x 2 5dx

Ex

a ( x)
C
ln a

Ex

3x
4 3dx

'(x)
dx ln ( x ) C
(x)

Ex

12 x 7dx ln 12 x 7 C

Ex

( 2 x 4)

1 ( x) a
ln
C
2a ( x ) a

Ex

16 x

1
( x)
arctg
C
a
a

Ex

25 x

10.

' ( x) sin ( x)dx cos ( x) C

Ex

4 sin(4 x 5)dx cos(4 x 5) C

11.

' ( x ) cos ( x ) dx sin ( x ) C

Ex

6 x cos(3x

12.

' ( x) tg( x)dx ln cos( x) C

Ex

5 tg (5 x 7)dx ln cos(5 x 7) C

13.

' ( x) ctg ( x)dx ln sin ( x) C

Ex

8 ctg (8 x 6)dx ln sin(8 x 6) C

14.

'( x)
dx tg ( x ) C
cos 2 ( x )

Ex

cos

15.

'(x)
dx ctg ( x ) C
sin 2 ( x )

Ex

sin

16.

Ex

(x)

( x) n 1
n 1

' ( x ) dx e ( x ) C

5.

( x)
a ' ( x)dx

6.

7.

8.

9.

'(x)
(x)

dx

' ( x)
( x) a

( x) a

1
1
n 1
C
n 1 (x)

dx

' ( x)
2

dx

( x) ' ( x)
( x) a
2

dx 2 ( x) a 2 C

2 x4

2dx e 2 x 4 C
43x
C
ln 4

12

dx

1
1

C
5 2 x 4 5

dx

1 4x 3
ln
C
6 4x 3

1
5x
dx arctg
C
2
2
4

6
2

6x

7)dx sin(3 x 2 7) C

dx tg 6 x C

5
dx ctg (5 x 9) C
(5 x 9)

3x 3
2

9x 4

dx 9 x 2 4 C

Elemente de analiz matematic

Virgil-Mihail Zaharia

2012
17.

18.

19.

( x) ' ( x)
( x) a
2

dx 2 ( x) a 2 C

Ex

dx a 2 2 (x) C

Ex

dx ln((x) (x)2 a2 ) C

Ex

dx ln (x) (x)2 a2 C

Ex

(x)' (x)
a (x)
2

' (x)
(x) a
2

'(x)

20.

21.

22.

(x)2 a2 dx

23.

(x)2 a2 dx

24.

a 2 ( x ) 2 dx

(x) a
2

'(x)
a

(x)

dx arcsin

(x)
2

(x)
2

(x)
a

4x 4
2

16 x 25
2x 2
9 4x

25x 7
3
2

9x 4

(x)2 a2

a2
ln(x) (x)2 a2 C
2

dx ln(5x 25x2 72 ) C

dx ln 3x 9x2 42 C

5 4x

a2
ln(x) (x)2 a2 C
2

a 2 ( x) 2

2
2

(x)2 a2

( x)

dx 9 4 x 2 C

Ex

dx 16 x 2 25 C

2x
C
5

dx arcsin

a2
( x)
arcsin
C
2
a

II.S se calculeze primitivele urmtoarelor funcii compuse.

1. 5 2 5 x dx
5.

2. 3 4 x dx

5 x 3 dx

9.
13.

1
dx
cos 2 3 x
1

16 x 2 4 2

6.

dx

3. 4 sin 4 xdx

4x 9

10.

sin

14.

1
2

7.

dx

5x
1

1
dx
16

11. tg4 xdx

dx

9 16 x 2

4x

4. 3 cos 3 xdx
8.

25 9 x

dx

12. 2ctg2 xdx

dx

III. S se arate c urmtoarele funcii nu admit primitive.

1. f: R R, f(x) =

1, x 0

1, x 0

2. f: R R , f(x) = [x] ( partea ntreag din x)

Elemente de analiz matematic

1, x 0

3. f: R R, f(x) = 0, x 0
1, x 0

5. . f: R R f(x) =

1, x (,0]

x 1, x (0,)

Virgil-Mihail Zaharia

2012
4. f: R R , f(x) = [X] +X

6. f: R R , f(x) =

sin x, x 0

2, x 0

IV. S se determine a,b numere reale astfel nct F s fie primitiva unei funcii f.

ln ax b , x1

1*. F(x) = x 1
x 2 1 , x 1

2*. F(x) =

2a e 3 x b, x 0
3*. F(x) =
2 x 2 4 x 1, x 0

ax b
,x 0
2
4*. F(x) = x 1
x 2 6 x 9 , x 0

a e 2 x 2bx 1, x 0

5*. F(x) = 3 x a
, x 0
2
x 2

6*. F(x) =

1 ln 2 x, x [1, e)

(2a 3) x b 2 , x [e, e 2 ]

x 2 ax b, x 0
sin x 3 cos x, x 0

V. S se verifice dac urmtoarele funcii admit primitive i n caz afirmativ s se determine o primitiv.

x 2 3, x 0
1. f: R R, f(x) =
e x 2, x 0

x 3 x , x [0,1)

3*.f:[0,)R, f(x) = 1
1
3 ,x 1

x
x

1
x 2 4 , x 0
2. f: R R, f (x) =
1 x , x 0
4
x3 2x
,x 0

3
4*. f:[-2,)R, f(x) =
1
, x [2,0)
9 x 2

Elemente de analiz matematic

Virgil-Mihail Zaharia

2012

DERIVATE
Nr

FUNCTIA

DERIVATA

MULTIMEA PE CARE
FUNCTIA ESTE DERIVABIL

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

C
x
xn
xa

0
1
nxn-1
axa-1

R
R
R
[0, ]
R*

6.

1
xn
x

7.
8.

1
x2
n
- n 1
x
1

1
x

sin x
cos x
tg x

12.

ctg x

13.

arcsin x

1
cos 2 x
1
sin 2 x
1

arccos x

1 x2
1

15.

arctg x

16.

arcctg x

17.

ax

18.

ex

19.

lnx

20.

log a x

21.

uv

R*+,n par
R*,n impar

cosx
-sinx

1
u
1
un
u

R*+

n 1

9.
10.
11.

14.

n x

u
un
ua

R*

2 x
1

R
R
R\{(2k+1)

FUNCTIA COMPUS

| k Z}

sin u
cos u
tg u

DERIVATA

u
n.un-1.u
aua-1.u
-

1
.u
u2

-n/un+1u

1
2 u
1

n n u n 1

ucos u
-usin u

1
u'
cos 2 u
1
u'
sin 2 u
1
u'
1 u2
1
u'
1 u2
1
u'
1 u2
1
u'
1 u2

R\{k | k Z}

ctg u

(-1,1)

arcsin u

(-1,1)

arccos u

arctg u

arcctg u

au

eu

eu.u

1
x
1
x ln a

R*+

lnu

R*+

logau

1
.u '
u
1
u'
u ln a

1 x2
1
1 x2
1
1 x2
x

a lna
e

(uv)

v. uv-1.u + uv.v.lnu

au.lna.u

Elemente de analiz matematic

Virgil-Mihail Zaharia

2012

METODE DE CALCUL AL INTEGRALELOR

1. Formula de integrare prin pri.
Teorema 1.1 Dac f,g:RR sunt funcii derivabile cu derivatele continue, atunci funciile fg,
fg, fg admit primitive i are loc relaia: f(x)g(x)dx =f(x)g(x)- f(x)g(x)dx
Demonstraie: f,g derivabile f,g continue fg,fg,fg continue i deci admit primitive.
Cum (fg)=fg+gf rezult prin integrare ceea ce trebuia de demonstrat.
S se calculeze integralele:
1. ln xdx
5.

9*.
13.

16*.
19.

2 x 3) ln xdx

x 1

e
28. e
31. x
34*. x
37.

3x

sin xdx

cos 2 xdx

sin xdx

cos 2 xdx

cos

dx

x
arcsin x
40.
dx
x2

43*.

46.

x 2 9dx

x ln xdx

14.

x ln( x 1)dx

x 1 e
20. x e dx
2

17.
dx

22*. ( x 3 5 x 2 2) e 2 x dx
25.

3.

6.

x ln x 1dx
x 2 x e

ln xdx

ln(ln x)
dx
x
ln 2 x
10.
dx
x2

ln xdx

ln 3 x
dx
x2

(x

2.

dx

26. e cos xdx

29. x sin xdx
32. x cos xdx
35. x sin xdx
x 2 e x dx

23.

38.

sin

dx

ln xdx

4.

ln xdx

7. ln 2 xdx

2
8. ln(1 )dx
x

11. cos(ln x)dx

12. sin(ln x)dx

15.

18.

xe
x e

21.

x 1
x

ln(1 x 2 1)dx

dx

2x

dx

3 2x 2 ex
dx
2x
27. e x sin 2 xdx

24*.

x cos xdx
33*. x sin 2 xdx
36. x cos xdx
30.

39.

x arcsin x
1 x2

dx

41*. e x sin 2 xdx

42*. cos 2 (ln x)dx

44*. x x 2 16dx

45*. x 4 x 2 dx

47*.

x 2 2x 5
dx
ex

Elemente de analiz matematic

Virgil-Mihail Zaharia

2012
Rezolvri:
1.

ln xdx x' ln xdx x ln x x x dx x ln x dx x ln x x C

x2
2. x ln xdx
2
4.

'

x2
x2 1
x2
1
x2
1
ln xdx
ln x dx
ln x xdx
ln x x 2 C
2
2 x
2
2
2
4

x ln xdx ln x ' ln xdx ln x ln x x dx 2 ln x x dx ln x

2

1
1
2
ln xdx ln x C
x
2

Observaie: La integralele care conin funcia logaritmic nu se umbl la ea ci se scriu celelalte funcii ca f

20.

25.

'

'

e x dx x 2 e x dx x 2 e x 2 x e x dx x 2 e x 2 x e x dx x 2 e x 2[ x e x e x dx]

x 2 e x 2 x e x 2e x C e x x 2 2 x 2 C

'

sin xdx e x sin xdx e x sin x e x cos xdx e x sin x [e x cos x e x ( sin x)dx]

Notnd cu I integrala

sin xdx rezult: I e x sin x e x cos x I I

Observaie: La integralele unde apare funcia exponenial , se va scrie aceasta ca f

29.

x sin xdx x cos x dx x cos x cos xdx x cos x sin x C

32.

37.

1 x
e (sin x cos x) C
2

'

cos xdx x 2 sin x dx x 2 sin x 2 x sin xdx x 2 sin x 2( x cos x sin x) C , vezi 29
'

cos

dx tgx xdx x tgx tgxdx x tgx ( ln cos x ) x tgx ln cos x C

'

Observaie: La integralele care conin funcii polinomiale i funcii trigonometrice nu se va umbla la funciile polinomiale
ci doar la funciile trigonometrice care se vor scrie ca f

Elemente de analiz matematic

Virgil-Mihail Zaharia

2012

1 cos 2 x
41*. Se tie c: cos 2 x 1 2 sin x sin x

2
2

x
e sin

xdx

1
x 1 cos 2 x
e 2 dx 2

x
e cos 2 xdx

x
e dx

'

1
2

1 x
x sin 2 x
e 2 dx 2 e sin 2 x

ex
1
I
2
2

x
e cos 2 xdx

sin 2 x
e 2 dx
x

1 x
1
e sin 2 x
2
2

sin 2 xdx

'

1 x
e x cos 2 x 1
x cos 2 x
e
dx

e
sin
2
x

e x cos 2 xdx

2
2
4
4
x
x
e cos 2 x 1
4 1
e cos 2 x
sin 2 x
I I ( e x sin 2 x
)C
4
4
3 2
4

1 x
1
e sin 2 x
2
2

1 x
e
2

METODE DE CALCUL AL INTEGRALELOR

2. FORMULA SCHIMBRII DE VARIABIL (SAU METODA SUBSTITUIEI).
Teorem: Fie I,J intervale din R i

: I J , f : J R, functii cu proprietat ile :

1) este derivabil pe I;
2) f admite primitive. (Fie F o primitiv a sa.)
Atunci funcia (f o ) admite primitive, iar funcia F o este o primitiv a lui (f o ) adic:

f t t dt Fo C
'

S se calculeze integralele:

ax b dx
4. x5 x 3 dx
n

1.

7.

e3x
e 2 x 1dx

14.

16.

17.

19.

22.

25.

1 x 2 dx

2 x 5dx

x 1dx
3

ln x
dx
x
1 x 2 dx
26.
x x

k 1

9.

x 1 x dx
20. x 6 x 7 dx
23.

dx

x2 x 1 dx
6. x x 1 dx
3.

ex
e 2 x 1dx
e2x
12. x dx
e 1

8.

13.

ln x
dx
x
x2 x

ex
e x 1dx
e x
11.
dx
x

x
x 7 dx

10. e x dx

10

2 x 1 dx
5. x x 1 dx

2.

15.

2 x 5dx

x x 2dx
21. x x 2dx
25

18.

24.

27.

x ln xdx

1
4x 2 2x 3

dx

Elemente de analiz matematic

28.

x 2 3x 4
1
x1 ln x 4 dx

1
x ln x dx

dx

2006

1 ln x
dx
x
1
dx
38.
x x2 1

dx

30.

dx
x 1
1
32.
dx
2
x ln x 8
29.

35.

x(2005 ln x)

Virgil-Mihail Zaharia

33.

36 .

x2 1
1

3 ln 2 x
3

2012

dx

dx

x 2 2dx

31.
34.
37.

Rezolvri:

dt 1 t n 1
(ax b) n 1
1. ax b dx t

C
C
a a n 1
a (n 1)
n

unde ax+b=t adx=dt dx=

dt
a

10

2.
3.
4.
7.
8.
15.

dt t 10
(2 x 1)
unde 2x-1=t 2dx=dt

2
x

1
dx

2 20 C 20 C
t 1 9
1 10 9
t 11 t 10
(2 x 1)11 (2 x 1)10
9

x
2
x

1
dx

t
dt

(
t

t
)
dt

2
2
22 20
22
20
7
1 t8
(5 x 2 3) 8
2
7 dt
x
5
x

3
dx

C , unde5 x 2 3 t 10 xdx dt

10 10 8
80
t
x2
1 7
17
x2
t dt
2
x 7 dx 7 2 2 ln 7 C 2 ln 7 C , unde x t , 2 xdx dt
ex
ex
1
x
x
x
Notm:
dx
e

e
dx

dt

ex 1
e x 1dx t dt ln t C ln(e 1) C
9

2 x 5dx

t3
2 x 5dx t tdt C
3

Notm:

20. x 2 6 x 7 dx

2 x 5 t sau 2 x 5 t 2 2dx 2tdt dx tdt

x 32 8
2

2x 5
C
3
2

x3 2
16
x 6 x 7 ln x 3 x 2 6 x 7 C
2
2

2
b

ax bx c a x
2a 2a

deoarece:

2
b

ax bx c a x
2a 2a

11

daca 0
2

sau

daca 0

Elemente de analiz matematic

Virgil-Mihail Zaharia

2012
2
ln x
ln t
ln t
1
23.
dx 2 2tdt 2
dt 2 zdz deoarece x t dx 2tdt , ln t z dt dz
x
t
t
t
2
2
ln x
z
2
x dx 2 2 ln t ln x C
28
2x 3
1
1
2x 3
2x 3
dx arcsin 2 C arcsin
C, puteam nota
cu t
x2 3x 4 dx
2
2
5
5
2
5
3

x
2
2
2

INTEGRAREA FUNCIILOR TRIGONOMETRICE

Calculul integralelor trigonometrice se poate face fie folosind formula integrrii prin pri, fie
metoda substituiei. n acest caz se pot face substituiile:
1. Dac funcia este impar n sin x, R(-sin x,cos x)=-R(sin x,cos x) atunci cos x=t.
2. Dac funcia este impar n cos x, R(sin x,-cos x)=-R(sin x,cos x) atunci sin x=t.
3. Dac funcia este par n raport cu ambele variabile R(-sin x,-cos x) atunci tg x=t.
4. Dac o funcie nu se ncadreaz n cazurile 1,2,3,atunci se utilizeaz substituiile universale:

2t
1 t2
x
,
cos
x

unde t tg
2
2
2
1 t
1 t
5. Se mai pot folosi i alte formule trigonometrice:
1 cos 2 x
1 cos 2 x
sin 2x=2sin x .cos x, sin 2 x
cos 2 x
2
2
sin x

S se calculeze:
1. sin 3 x cos xdx

2. cos 3 x sin 2 xdx

4. sin 3 x cos 2 xdx

5.

tgx tg x dx

8.

7.

sin 3 x
cos x dx

10. sin 3 xdx

12

1
x

cos x dx

11. cos 3 xdx

13.

sin x
dx
cos 2 x 4

14.

16.

1
dx
sin x

17.

sin 2 x

1 cos 2 x
1
dx
cos x

3. sin( 2 x 5)dx

1 sin

9.

1 cos x dx

12.

dx

cos x

6.

arcsin x

15.

1 x2

dx

dx
1

1 x arcsin 2 x

18. sin 10 x cos 3 xdx

dx

Elemente de analiz matematic

19.

1 x 2 (2005 arcsin x) 2006

Rezolvri:

Virgil-Mihail Zaharia

dx

20.

2012

arctgx 2006 dx
1 x2

t4
cos 4 x
C
C
4
4

1. Notm sin x=t cosx dx= dt sin 3 x cos xdx t 3 dt

2. Notm cos x=t -sin x dx=dt

t5
2
C cos5 x C
5
5
3
t
cos3 x
10. sin3 xdx sin x sin 2 xdx sin x(1 cos2 x)dx (1 t 2 )dt t C cos x
C
3
3
arcsin x
1
1
12.
dx Notm cu t pe arcsin x arcsin x '

dx dt
2
2
1 x
1 x
1 x2
3
3
4
4
cos x sin 2xdx cos x 2 sin x cos xdx 2 cos x sin xdx 2 t dt 2

arcsin x
1 x2

dx tdt

arcsin x C
t2
C
2
2
2

INTEGRAREA FUNCIILOR RAIONALE

Definiie: O funcie f:IR , I interval, se numete raional dac R(x)=

f ( x)
, g ( x) 0, x I ,
g ( x)

unde f,g sunt funcii polinomiale.

Dac grad f grad g, atunci se efectueaz mprirea lui f la g f=gq+r, 0 grad r<grad g i
deci
f ( x)
r ( x)
R( x)
q ( x)
. Pentru R( x) se face scrierea ca sum de functii rationale simple.
g ( x)
g ( x)
1

ax b dx a ln ax b C

2.

(ax b)

3.

4.

5*

13

1.

2 x 7 dx 2 ln 2 x 7 C

Ex

(3x 8)

1
1
x
dx arctg
C
2
a
a
a

Ex

1
1
xa
dx
ln
C
2
a
2a
xa

Ex

Ex.

dx

1
1
C
n 1
a
(n 1)(ax b)

1
1
dx 2
2
2 2
(x a )
a

x2 a

x2
2

1
C 2
a

dx

1
1
C
6
6(3 x 8) 3

1
1
x
dx arctg
C
2
5
5
5

1
1
x5
dx
ln
C
10
x5
25

1
2
x a

1
dx 2
a

1
x
2
2 x a

'

dx

Elemente de analiz matematic

(x

1
dx
16 ) 2

x 16 x

16
1 1
x
1
x
arctg

2
16 4
4 16
2 x 32

Ex.

a[( x
1

dx
6. 2
ax bx c

a[( x

Virgil-Mihail Zaharia

1
16

2( x

1
b 2
2
) (
) ]
2a
2a
1

1
1
dx
16
16

x 2 x

1
16

'

dx

2012

1
]
42)

dx, 0

b 2
2
) (
) ]
2a
2a

dx, 0

5 3
x
1
1
1 1
8 8 C 1 ln 8 x 8 C
Ex.
dx
dx
ln
2
2
2
3
5 3
4
3 8x 2
4 x 5x 1

5 3
2
x
4 x
8
8 8
8 8

Ex.

7.

ax

8*.

ax

1
1
dx
dx arctg x 1 C
4x 5
x 2 2 1

2ax b
dx ln ax 2 bx c C
2
bx c

Ex.

4x

8x 6
dx ln 4 x 2 6 x 7 C
6x 7

Ax B
m(2ax b) n
1
dx
dx m ln ax 2 bx c n 2
dx
2
bx c
ax bx c
ax bx c

Ex.

3
15
4 x 5 4
3x 4
3
1
1
2
4
4
2 x 2 5 x 4dx 2 x 2 5 x 4 dx 4 ln 2 x 5 x 4 4 2 x 2 5 x 4 dx
3
1
1
3
1
1
4 x 5 57
ln 2 x 2 5 x 4
dx ln 2 x 2 5 x 4
ln
C
2
2
4
4
4
2

57
4
x

57

5
57

2

2 x
4

4 4

S se calculeze:

1.

5.

14

3x 5 dx
1

2 x 3

2005

dx

2x 3

1 3x

2.

2 x 1 dx

3.

x 4 dx

4.

2 x 3 dx

6.

1
x 2 9 dx

7.

1
x 2 4 dx

8.

x2
x 2 2 dx

Elemente de analiz matematic

x2
9. 2
dx
x 1

1
10. 2
dx
3x 5

13.

xx 2 dx

17.

21.

14.

1
dx
3x 2

Virgil-Mihail Zaharia

11.

x 1x 2 dx

15.

2x

1
dx
x3

18.

2x

4x 3
dx
3x 1

19.

3x

5x 2
x 2 4 dx

22.

x 1
x 2 2 x 10 dx

23.

x2
x 6 3 dx

25.

2x
1 x 4 dx

26.

x3
1 x 8 dx

27.

29.

x2
x 6 4 dx

1
dx
2x 5

6x 2
dx
2x 5

x3

x 1

12

dx

2012

12.

x 1x 2 dx

16.

3x

20.

24.

28.

x 1

1
dx
x 1
3x 2
dx
5x 6

1
x
4
x
4

10

dx

dx

Rezolvri.
23. Notm x 3 cu t 3 x 2 dx dt

x2
1
dt 1 1
t 3
1
x3 3
dx

ln

ln
C
x6 3 t 2 3 3 3 2 3 t 3
6 3 x3 3
26. Notm pe x 4 cu t 4 x 3 dx=dt
x3
1
dt 1
1
4
1 x 8 dx t 2 1 4 4 arctg t C 4 arctg x C
27. Notm pe x-1 cu t x=t+1 dx=dt

x3

t 13 dt

t 3 3t 2 3t 1
t 8
t 9
t 10 t 11
9
10
11
12
dt

(
t

3
t

3
t

t
)
dt

C
x 1

8
9
10 11
t 12
t 12
1
1
3
1
=

C
8
9
10
8( x 1)
3( x 1) 10( x 1)
11( x 1)11
dx
12

28. Notm pe x-1cu t

x

x 1

10

dx

t 1
t 8 t 9
1
1
9
10
dt

t
dt

t
dt

C
10
8

8 9
t
8( x 1)
9( x 1) 9

S se calculeze integralele folosind descompunerea n fracii raionale simple.

15

Elemente de analiz matematic

x4
30.
dx
x 2 x 3

16

34.

x3
x 2dx

37.

1
31.
dx
x 2 x 5

34.

x2 1
x 1 dx

1
dx
4x

38.

41.

x2 x 2
x 1 x 2 1 dx

42.

x 2 3x 2
x 3 2 x 2 x dx

45.

x 1 x 3 x 5 dx

x
dx
6x 5

Virgil-Mihail Zaharia

x 2 5x 7
32.
dx
x3
35.

x4 x 1
x 1 dx

39.

6x

43.

1
dx
7 x 2 3x

x3 2x 2 4
x x 2
2

dx

x 13 dx

2012

33.

36.

40.

xx 1x 2dx

44.

x2 x

1
dx
2x
1

1
dx
x2