Universitatea Tehnic a Moldovei

Facultatate Calculatoare Informatic i microelectronic

Catedra Calculatoare

Raport
Lucrare de laborator Nr.1
la disciplina Procese Stochastice
Tema: Lanuri Markov n timp discret

A efectuat:

st. gr. C-151 Enachi Nicolae

A verificat:

dr. conf un. V. Moraru

Chiinu 2016

1. Scopul lucrarii:
Studierea metodelor de redare, descriere, analiz a proprietilor de comportare
ale lanurilor Markov n timp discret i a caracteristicilor numerice de performan.

2.Mersul lucrrii:
1. Definim dou LMTD (unul ergodic i altul neergodic) .(Vezi Anexa)
2. Utilizm sistemul instrumental QM pentru a calcula evoluia n timp a ambelor
LMTD
3. Calculm probabilitile de aflare a lanului n cele doua macrostri SB i SR pentru
ambele LMTD pentru doua condiii iniiale diferite.
4. Calculm ceilali indici de performan pentru ambele LMTD.
5. Construim graficele evoluiei n timp a indicilor de performan calculai anterior.

T1. Probabilitatea de aflare n starea Si la momentul de timp k. Lan Markov Ergodic.

0

1
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
9
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
4

2
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
5
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
9
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
4

3
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
9
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
4

4
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
9
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
4

5
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
8
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
4

0.1
0.0
5
0.0
8
0.1
1
0.2
1
0.7
9
13.
7
48.
4

0.1
0.0
5
0.0
9
0.1
1

0.1
0.0
5
0.0
9
0.1
1
0.2
1
0.7
9
13.
7
48.
4
62.
2

0.1
0.0
5
0.0
9
0.1
1
0.1
9
0.8
1
12.
9
49.
5
62.
4

2
3

0.1
0.1
5

5
6

0
0.1
5

0.4

10

11

12

13

0.2

14

15

16

17

18

19

20
Ps
b
Ps
r
Cs
b
Cs
r

0.1
0.0
5
0.0
9
0.1
1

0.4

0.2

0.6
16.
7

0.8
13.
2
49.
2
62.
3

Cs

68
84.
7

62

0.2
0.8
13.
3
48.
8
62.
1

6
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
9
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.1
1
0.0
5
0.0
9
0.1
1
0.1
9
0.8
1
12.
4
49.
9
62.
3

7
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
8
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.1
1
0.0
5
0.0
9
0.1
2
0.1
8
0.8
2
12.
1
50.
6
62.
7

8
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
8
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.1
1
0.0
5
0.0
9
0.1
2
0.1
9
0.8
1
12.
8
49.
7
62.
5

9
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
8
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.1
1
0.0
5
0.0
9
0.1
2
0.1
8
0.8
2
11.
9
50.
7
62.
6

10
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
8
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.1
1
0.0
5
0.0
9
0.1
2
0.1
8
0.8
2
12.
4
50.
3
62.
7

11
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
4
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.1
2
0.0
6
0.1
0.1
2
0.1
5
0.8
5
10.
1
52.
6
62.
7

12
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.1
2
0.0
6
0.1
1
0.1
3
0.1
4
0.8
6
9.4
6
53.
5
62.
9

13
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.1
2
0.0
6
0.1
1
0.1
3
0.1
4
0.8
6
9.2
2
53.
8
63.
1

14
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.1
2
0.0
6
0.1
1
0.1
3
0.1
4
0.8
6
9.2
5
53.
5
62.
8

15
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.1
3
0.0
6
0.1
1
0.1
3
0.1
2
0.8
8
7.9
2
55
63

16
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.1
2
0.0
6
0.1
1
0.1
3
0.1
3
0.8
7
8.5
1
54.
6
63.
1

17
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.1
2
0.0
6
0.1
1
0.1
3
0.1
3
0.8
7
8.4
54.
6
63

18
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.1
2
0.0
6
0.1
1
0.1
3
0.1
3
0.8
7
8.8
4
53.
7
62.
5

19
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.1
2
0.0
6
0.1
2
0.1
3
0.1
2
0.8
8
8.1
2
55.
2
63.
3

20
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.1
2
0.0
6
0.1
2
0.1
3
0.1
2
0.8
8
8.3
7
55.
1
63.
4

Ci
12
5
90
15
20
45
36
84
16
0
35
76
42
18
5
20
15
48
36
50
10
0
90
25

T2. Probabilitatea de aflarea n starea Si la momentul de timp k. Lan Markov Ergodic

cu condiiile iniiale deplasate.
0

1
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
9
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
4

2
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
5
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
9
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
4

3
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
9
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
4

4
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
9
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
4

5
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
8
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
4

0.1
0.0
5
0.0
8
0.1
1
0.2
1
0.7
9
13.
7
48.
4

0.1
0.0
5
0.0
9
0.1
1

0.1
0.0
5
0.0
9
0.1
1
0.2
1
0.7
9
13.
7
48.
4
62.
2

0.1
0.0
5
0.0
9
0.1
1
0.1
9
0.8
1
12.
9
49.
5
62.
4

0
0.1
5
0.1
5

9
10

0
0.3
5

11

12
13

0
0.2
5

14

15

16

17

18

0.1

19

20
Ps
b
Ps
r
Cs
b
Cs
r

0.1
0.0
5
0.0
9
0.1
1

0.3

0.2

0.7
12.
2
41.
6
53.
8

0.8
13.
2
49.
2
62.
3

Cs

62

0.2
0.8
13.
3
48.
8
62.
1

6
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
9
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.1
1
0.0
5
0.0
9
0.1
1
0.1
9
0.8
1
12.
4
49.
9
62.
3

7
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
8
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.1
1
0.0
5
0.0
9
0.1
2
0.1
8
0.8
2
12.
1
50.
6
62.
7

8
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
8
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.1
1
0.0
5
0.0
9
0.1
2
0.1
9
0.8
1
12.
8
49.
7
62.
5

9
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
8
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.1
1
0.0
5
0.0
9
0.1
2
0.1
8
0.8
2
11.
9
50.
7
62.
6

10
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
8
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.1
1
0.0
5
0.0
9
0.1
2
0.1
8
0.8
2
12.
4
50.
3
62.
7

11
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
4
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.1
2
0.0
6
0.1
0.1
2
0.1
5
0.8
5
10.
1
52.
6
62.
7

12
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.1
2
0.0
6
0.1
1
0.1
3
0.1
4
0.8
6
9.4
6
53.
5
62.
9

13
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.1
2
0.0
6
0.1
1
0.1
3
0.1
4
0.8
6
9.2
2
53.
8
63.
1

14
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.1
2
0.0
6
0.1
1
0.1
3
0.1
4
0.8
6
9.2
5
53.
5
62.
8

15
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.1
3
0.0
6
0.1
1
0.1
3
0.1
2
0.8
8
7.9
2
55
63

16
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.1
2
0.0
6
0.1
1
0.1
3
0.1
3
0.8
7
8.5
1
54.
6
63.
1

17
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.1
2
0.0
6
0.1
1
0.1
3
0.1
3
0.8
7
8.4
54.
6
63

18
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.1
2
0.0
6
0.1
1
0.1
3
0.1
3
0.8
7
8.8
4
53.
7
62.
5

19
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.1
2
0.0
6
0.1
2
0.1
3
0.1
2
0.8
8
8.1
2
55.
2
63.
3

20
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
8
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.1
2
0.0
6
0.1
2
0.1
3
0.1
2
0.8
8
8.3
7
55.
1
63.
4

Ci
12
5
90
15
20
45
36
84
16
0
35
76
42
18
5
20
15
48
36
50
10
0
90
25

T3. Probabilitatea de aflare n starea Si la momentul de timp k. Lan Markov Neergodic.

0
1

1
0.1
8

2
0.1
8

3
0.1
8

4
0.1
8

5
0.1
8

6
0.1
7

7
0.1
8

8
0.1
2

9
0.1
4

10
0.1
1

11

12

13

0.1

0.1

0.1

14
0.0
7

15
0.0
4

16
0.0
5

17
0.0
5

18
0.0
7

19
0.0
5

20
0.0
6

Ci
12
5

0.1
0.1
5

5
6

0
0.1
5

0.2
7
0.0
6
0.1
6
0.1
1
0.1
1
0.1
2

0.4

10

11

12

13

0.2

14

15

16

17

18

19

20
Ps
b
Ps
r
Cs
b
Cs
r

0.4

0.6
16.
7

0
68.
7

0
68.
4

0
68.
6

69

69

0
67.
9

0
68.
7

68
84.
7

0
68.
7

0
68.
4

0
68.
6

69

69

0
67.
9

0
68.
7

Cs

0.2
5
0.0
6
0.1
7

0.2
6
0.0
6
0.1
7

0.2
7
0.0
6
0.1
6

0.1
0.1
1
0.1
1

0.2
6
0.0
6
0.1
6
0.1
1
0.1
2
0.1
2

0.1
0.1
2
0.1
1

0.1
0.1
1
0.1
2

0.2
6
0.0
6
0.1
6
0.1
2
0.1
1
0.1
2

0.2
7
0.0
6
0.1
6
0.1
1
0.1
1
0.1
1

0.1
8
0.0
4
0.1
1
0.0
8
0.0
8
0.0
8
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
4
0.0
6
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.6
8
0.3
2
46.
2
17.
4
63.
6

0.2
0.0
5
0.1
3
0.0
8
0.0
9
0.0
9
0.0
1
0
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
4
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.7
9
0.2
1
53.
8
11.
2
65.
1

0.1
6
0.0
4
0.1
1
0.0
8
0.0
7
0.0
7
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.6
4
0.3
6
43.
5
19.
3
62.
8

0.1
5
0.0
3

0.1
5
0.0
4

0.1
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
8
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.5
8
0.4
2

0.1
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.5
9
0.4
1
39.
9
22.
1

39
22.
8
61.
9

62

0.1
5
0.0
3
0.0
9
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
6
0.0
8
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.5
7
0.4
3
38.
6
23.
2
61.
8

0.1
1
0.0
2
0.0
7
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.0
5
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
8
0.1
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
8
0.0
7
0.4
2
0.5
8
28.
2
31.
3
59.
5

0.0
7
0.0
1
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
8
0.0
9
0.1
3
0.0
4
0.0
3
0.1
1
0.0
9
0.2
7
0.7
3
17.
8
39.
5
57.
3

0.0
8
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.0
3
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
8
0.0
9
0.1
2
0.0
4
0.0
3

0.0
8
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.0
3
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
8
0.0
9
0.1
2
0.0
4
0.0
3

0.1
0.0
9
0.3
1
0.6
9
20.
7
37.
1
57.
7

0.1
0.0
9
0.3
2
0.6
8
21.
2
36.
9
58.
1

0.1
1
0.0
3
0.0
7
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.1
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
9
0.0
7
0.4
3
0.5
7
28.
8
30.
9
59.
7

0.0
7
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.0
3
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
8
0.0
9
0.1
3
0.0
4
0.0
3
0.1
0.0
9
0.2
9
0.7
1
19.
4
38
57.
5

0.0
9
0.0
2
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
7
0.0
8
0.1
1
0.0
4
0.0
3
0.0
9
0.0
8
0.3
7
0.6
3
24.
7
34.
2
58.
8

90
15
20
45
36
84
16
0
35
76
42
18
5
20
15
48
36
50
10
0
90
25

T4. Probabilitatea de aflarea n starea Si la momentul de timp k. Lan Markov

Neergodic cu condiiile iniiale deplasate.
0
1

0
0.1
5
0.1
5

1
0.1
8
0.2
7
0.0
6
0.1
6
0.1
1
0.1
1
0.1
2

10

0
0.3
5

11

12

0
0.2
5

13

2
0.1
8
0.2
5
0.0
6
0.1
7

3
0.1
8
0.2
6
0.0
6
0.1
7

5
0.1
8
0.2
7
0.0
6
0.1
6

0.1
0.1
1
0.1
1

4
0.1
8
0.2
6
0.0
6
0.1
6
0.1
1
0.1
2
0.1
2

0.1
0.1
2
0.1
1

0.1
0.1
1
0.1
2

6
0.1
7
0.2
6
0.0
6
0.1
6
0.1
2
0.1
1
0.1
2

7
0.1
8
0.2
7
0.0
6
0.1
6
0.1
1
0.1
1
0.1
1

8
0.1
2
0.1
8
0.0
4
0.1
1
0.0
8
0.0
8
0.0
8
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2

9
0.1
4
0.2
0.0
5
0.1
3
0.0
8
0.0
9
0.0
9
0.0
1
0
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1

10
0.1
1
0.1
6
0.0
4
0.1
1
0.0
8
0.0
7
0.0
7
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2

11

12

13

0.1
0.1
5
0.0
3

0.1
0.1
5
0.0
4

0.1
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2

0.1
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2

0.1
0.1
5
0.0
3
0.0
9
0.0
7
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2

14
0.0
7
0.1
1
0.0
2
0.0
7
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.0
5
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3

15
0.0
4
0.0
7
0.0
1
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
4

16
0.0
5
0.0
8
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.0
3
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
4

17
0.0
5
0.0
8
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.0
3
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
4

18
0.0
7
0.1
1
0.0
3
0.0
7
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
3

19
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.0
3
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
4

20
0.0
6
0.0
9
0.0
2
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.0
4
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
3

Ci
12
5
90
15
20
45
36
84
16
0
35
76
42
18
5
20

14

15

16

17

18

0.1

19

20
Ps
b
Ps
r
Cs
b
Cs
r

0.3

0.7
12.
2
41.
6
53.
8

0
68.
7

0
68.
4

0
68.
6

69

69

0
67.
9

0
68.
7

0
68.
7

0
68.
4

0
68.
6

69

69

0
67.
9

0
68.
7

Cs

0.0
4
0.0
4
0.0
6
0.0
2
0.0
1
0.0
5
0.0
4
0.6
8
0.3
2
46.
2
17.
4
63.
6

0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
4
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.7
9
0.2
1
53.
8
11.
2
65.
1

0.0
4
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
5
0.0
5
0.6
4
0.3
6
43.
5
19.
3
62.
8

0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
8
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.5
8
0.4
2
39
22.
8
61.
9

0.0
5
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.5
9
0.4
1
39.
9
22.
1
62

0.0
5
0.0
6
0.0
8
0.0
3
0.0
2
0.0
6
0.0
5
0.5
7
0.4
3
38.
6
23.
2
61.
8

0.0
6
0.0
8
0.1
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
8
0.0
7
0.4
2
0.5
8
28.
2
31.
3
59.
5

0.0
8
0.0
9
0.1
3
0.0
4
0.0
3
0.1
1
0.0
9
0.2
7
0.7
3
17.
8
39.
5
57.
3

0.0
8
0.0
9
0.1
2
0.0
4
0.0
3

0.0
8
0.0
9
0.1
2
0.0
4
0.0
3

0.1
0.0
9
0.3
1
0.6
9
20.
7
37.
1
57.
7

0.1
0.0
9
0.3
2
0.6
8
21.
2
36.
9
58.
1

0.0
6
0.0
7
0.1
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.0
9
0.0
7
0.4
3
0.5
7
28.
8
30.
9
59.
7

0.0
8
0.0
9
0.1
3
0.0
4
0.0
3
0.1
0.0
9
0.2
9
0.7
1
19.
4
38
57.
5

Dependeele Psb,Psr,Csb,Csr,Cs pentru lanul Markov Ergodic.

Dependea Psb
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0

8
Psb

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Psb(depl)

Dependea Psr
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

8
Psr

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Psb(depl)

0.0
7
0.0
8
0.1
1
0.0
4
0.0
3
0.0
9
0.0
8
0.3
7
0.6
3
24.
7
34.
2
58.
8

15
48
36
50
10
0
90
25

Dependea Csb
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

8
Csb

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Csb(depl)

Dependea Csr
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

8
Csr

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Csr(depl)

Dependea Cs
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

8
Cs

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Cs(depl)

Dependeele Psb,Psr,Csb,Csr,Cs pentru lanul Markov Neergodic.

Dependea Psb
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

8
Psb

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Psb(depl)

Dependea Psr
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0

8
Psr

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Psr(depl)

Dependea Csb
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

8
Csb

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Csb(depl)

Dependea Csr
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

8
Csr

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Csr(depl)

Dependea Cs
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

8
Cs

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Cs(depl)

Concluzie:
n urma efecturii aceastei lucrri de laborator am fcut cunotin lanurile
Markov discrete n timp i am nvat utilizarea softului QM pentru a vedea
comportarea acestora n cadrul aflrii n diferite stri i cu condi ii de inntrare diferite.
Studiind graficele de probabilitate putem spune c treptat graficele tind la o linie
dreapt. Tot n cadrul lurrii respective am nvat calculele probailit ilor i costurilor
strilor lanului Markov.