: | i i ES 23 as UDC 624.023.943 : 620.1 DEUTSCHE NORM. November 1990 Ground anchorages Design, construction and testing Verpreanker; Kurzzeitanker und Daueranker; Bemessung, Ausfihrung und Prufung ‘Supersedes DIN 4125 Part 1 March 1988 edition and DIN 4125 Part 2, February 1976 edition, In keeping wit current practice i standards published by the Intemational Organization for Standaraization (ISO), a comma has. been used throughout as the decimal marker. ‘The design, construction and testing of ground anchorages reauire sound knowledge and experience inthis method of con- struction, For this reason, only companies and engineers shall be entrusted with the wotk who meet these requlromonts and are capable of ensuring expert execution. Only such persans as possoss a thorough knowledge of the construction method shall be appointed as the responsibie resident engineer. Supervision of the wark shall be ursartakon only by rig foremen, site foremen or gangers who have already successfully constructed ground anchorages. ‘Sutficiont time shall be scheduled for the construction of ground anchorages, In this standard. the term oad’ used for forces acting on a system from outside; this apples equally to compound terms that Include the component ‘load. Contents Field of application 11 Acceptance testing Concepts 12. Evaluation of suitability tests Designation and expression of results Documentation 13. Inservice tests General requlremants 14 Inspection ; Detail ‘Appenclx A Specimen record form for the construc> my # tion of ground anchorages in accord Conetieetag ance wih subclause 78 0f DIN&I25 7 pein nee ‘Appencix B_ Specimen record form fr the acceptance Proving test inspection of permanent anchorages in ‘On-site sutabity testing ‘accordarice wth clause 1 of DIN A125. 18 1. Field of application This standard deals with the design, construction and testing Note. For those types or components of temporary anchor- of prestressable ground anchorage systems which, depend ‘ages that cannot be assessad on the basis of this ing on their design, can be used for the temporary or perma standard, proof of their sutabilty for the particular rent anchorage of structural elements in sol (sol anchorages) ‘pplication shall be provided in aczardance with the ‘or rock (rock anchorages) and of rock auterops in sol, buliding regulations, e.g, by submitting a certiate of In the case of temporary anchorages, this standard covers building inspectorate approval (agrément) ‘those which are designed for a permissible anchorage force Permanent anchorages always require venification of (of 1300 KN (or eoult-unit anchorages or mult-har tendons) of thoirsuitabiity. 7OOKN (for single unit anchorages or monobar tendons), these values including afactor otsatety as specifiodin table |, aime, dna t-of ea spender, 1) Relevant information is provided by the insti Soo DIN 21 521 Part 1 for rock bolts for use in miningand tun technik (institute of Building Technology), Ri relling, and DIN 4128 for east-in-place piles, lufer 74-78, D-1000 Bern 30, Continued on pages 2 to 25Page 2. DIN 4125 2 Concepts 24 Types 2.41 Ground anchorage Ground anchorage isa structural element formedby injecting ‘routing material around the distal section of asteel tendon Inserted into the ground. The grout thus formed is bonded to the element or rock to be anchored via the tendon and the anchor head. Unike various other types of rock bolt or cast= in-place piles, these anchorages are not designed to transmit ‘the load into the ground over their whole length but onlyin tne. Zone of grout (le. the fied anchor length). Sine, unde ser ‘ice conditions. ground anchorages are only subject to ten- sile loading, the'r Dearing capacity is checked by tensile tests 242 Soil anchorage Soll anchorage isa ground anchorage the fixed anchorlength {a0 termed toad transfer length’) of which liesin (cohesion less or cohesive) soil 24.3 Rock anchorage Rock anchorage is a ground anchorage the thed anchor length of which lies in rock. 244 Temporary anchorage Temporary anchorage isa ground anchorage thats intended to be used for short periods only, which normally do not exceed two years 215 Permanent anchorage Permanent anchorage is @ ground anchorage intended for permanent use 216 Composite anchorage ‘Composite anchorage (cf. figure 1) Is a ground anchorage: where the load is transmitted directly into the grout via the tendon (Le, over the foxed anchor lenath), 2.1.7 Compression anchorage ‘Compression anchorage (ct. figure 2) is a ground anchorage ‘where the load is trarsterred trom the tendon tothe grout via {a steel tube connected tothe distal end of the tendon, which in turn is embedded in the grout. 24.8 Anchorage with free proximal ond ‘Ananchorage with ree proximal endis an anchorage in which ‘the axial movement of the tendon is maintained over its design service life 21.9 Anchorage with fixed proximal end {An anchorage with fixed proximal ends an anchorage where the proximal end of the tendon is embedded in secondary (Foul, s0 that the tendon is no longer free to expand. 22. Lengths 2.2.1 Anchor length The anchor length, [a is the distance between the anchor hhead and the distal end of the anchor 22.2 Free anchor length The free anchor lenath, fia. is the distance between the ‘anchor head and the proximal end of the grout 2.2.3. Fixed anchor length ‘The fixed anchor length (also termed ‘bond transfer length’, {his the length of the anchorage over which the tensile loadis capable of being transmitted to the surrounding grouns. 224 Free tendon length ‘The free tendon length, js isthe part ofthe tendon which, by being decoupled from the grout, Is free to expand during stressing. The tree tendon length as determined by calcula Ing the displacement can be larger or smaller than is (f.sub- clause 124) 2.28. Tendon bond length ‘The tendon bond length, the length of tendon bonded to the grout and capable of transmitting the applied tensile load. 2.2.6 Compression length Tne compression length, Zp, in the case of compression ‘anchorages, is the length of the steel tube via which the appied tensile load is transmitted to the grout 227 Grout length ‘The groutlength fp. in the case of compression anchorages, is the length of grout capable of transmitting the applied ten- sile load inte the surrounding ground. 228 Load transfer factor The load transfer factor, Jy, isthe difference between fy and oF lt. 2.3 Anchorage loads 2.3.1 Limit load in grout ‘The limit load in grout, Fs the load which, inthe tensile test, produces a creep displacement, &, of 2 mm. 2.3.2. Limit load in tendon ‘The limit load in tendon, Fs, is the load which is calculated ‘ram the nominal yiald point of the steel, ds, from which the tendon is made, and the tendon cross-sectional area, A, Using the following equation: Pym As fis a 23.3 Permissible anchorage load ‘The permissible anchorage load, zu! Fs the load that derives ‘rom Fy, and Fs, taking into account the required factors of satety (S00 gubclauses 83 and 24), 2.34 Safe working load ‘The safe working load, Fy, is an anchorage load determined fon the basis of the load cases listed in DIN 1054, taking into account the prestress to be applied (cf. Recommendations cf (Committee Baugruben of the Deutsche Gesellschatt tur Er und Grundtbaue.¥. (German Society for Earthworks and Foun- dation Engineering) 23.5 Proof load ‘The proof load, Fy, isthe load to which the anchorage, when tested, is subjected in given stages. 2.3.6 Working load ‘The working load, Fo, is the load applies to the anchorage after testing, whare Fy doas not exceed Fy (2).DIN 4125 Pages Figure 1, Temporary composite anchorage with diagrammatic Key to figures t and 2 representation of corrosion protection system 1 Anchor head 2. Support plinth 3. Retaining wall 4 Borehole 5 Sheath 8 Tendon 7 Grout 8 Aachor foot 9 Stee! duct ‘Spacer (also termes ‘centralizer’) Corrosion-protectvo sheathing Seal Cap anchor length ‘compression length ‘grout length free anchor length fixed anchor length {ree tendon length load transfer factor tendon bond length Figure 2. Temporary compression anchorage with diagrammatic ~ representation of corrosion protection systemPage 4 DIN 4125 24 Creep displacement The creep displacement, &,, is a measure of the rate of Increase in displacement of the grout with tha anchorage under constant load. This ig exprassed by (of. figure 4 k= (52— sya (alt) eo where Se—5) (the differentia disptacement, (9 (oft) i the logarithm of the observation period (lg fat) Note: A, is. quantity that isa funetion of the type af ancho: ‘age, the method of construction and the anchorage load, 2.5 Anchorage tests 251 Proving test AA proving test, performed on permanent anchorages, is intended to vorty the suitability ofa particular type of anchor ‘age for installation in @ rarticular type of sol (cohesive ot Ccahesioniess) oF rock (et. clause 9) 25.2 On-site suitability test ‘An on-site sultabilty test {sa test intended to check whether the particular type of anchorages capable of ransmitting the _design working load and proot load to the surrounding groun ‘under the gwen local conditions (ct. clause 10). It also serves to verify the bearing capacity ofthe grout ans the associated isplacement, and to establish the free tendon length by cal- culation, 25.8 Acceptance test?) ‘Anacceptancs testis intended to verity the bearing capscity ‘of an anchorage atter instalation (ct clause 11), 254 Inservice test Anin-service testis intended to check the performance of the. anchored structural element or the bearing capacity af the: anchorage after acceptance testing (ct. clause 13) 3. Designation ‘A temporary single-unit sol (B) anchorage {TE) rated for a ormissible anchorage load, zt! F = Fy/175, of 600 KN (load ‘case 1), shall be designated Ground anchorage DIN 4125 ~ T E 600 —B Name T ] DIN number —— ‘Type: temporary (Dt Permanent (P) ‘mono-bar (E) ‘mulebar (M) tendon Type of ground: soll (Byrock (F) — 4 Documentation The following documentation is required! €) records of sal investigations as specitiedin DIN 4020 and. proot cf the lequirad geotechnical properties of the ‘ground surrounding the anchorage, with information on {ne groundwater, its aggressivity and that of the soil both to concrete and stee!: 'b) description and representation of the construction schedule and of the work involved: ©) description and drawings of the anchorage, with details of the materials, cimensions, and, where required, proot of serviceability of the anchor head and of the joints in the tendon (ag, by submitting an agrément)) ©) resulls of suitability testing: (©) structural analysis and working drawings. An the case of permanent anchorages, besides tne construc- tion schedule (ef item 6), instructions shall be provided covering their transpor, storage and installation, with due Consideration being given to corrosion protection and taking into account the oxoarience made in suitability testing These instructions shall be made availabie to the personnel on ste. If problems arise with regard to the classification of the ‘ground in which the anchorage isto be installeg, as oll or as rock, an expert in soil mechanics shall be consulted 5 General requirements. 5.1 Requirements to be met by the ground 514 Strength of ground Investigations of the properties of soil and rock for the pur- pose of installing anchorages shall. in adaition to furnishing proot of the general sutabilty ofthe ground to accommodate the relevant anchorage loads, provide information on the creep and the sweling properties of the ground, should the water conditions change, with due consideration being given to the likely stresses Both in the load transfer zone and the anchored zone. The results of these investigations shall bo evaluated with regard to the serviceability of the anchorage over the fixed anchor length, the tree anchor length and at the anchor head. 5.4.2. Jointing in and permeability of rock Special investigations are required 10 check the iainting in lang petmaabilty of rock. such as optical borelole logging, ‘observation ofthe grout evel, end water pumping tests, Rock shall be as impermeable as is nocessary for satisfactory ‘routing, The rock may, where necescary, be stabilized by appropriate measures (eg by grouting as specified ia DIN 4089) i the joint wicth is equal to 0.5 mm or more or a ‘water crain-off rate along the design theed anchor length which exceeds 5 Vimnn bar) has been establishedin a water pumping test ‘The fixed anchor length shall ie in rock zones where shitting of joints unlikely, shall be ensured that, in the zone de- finedby the fee anchor length. any shitting ofjoints normal to the shaft axis lies within he scope of transverse movement of the anchorage, 51.8 Ground aggressivity Permanent anchorages the loadbearing steel components ot ‘which are protected against corrosion solely by the grout ‘cover, and temporary anchorages shall not be installed if the {ground contains groundwater or seepage seater trom dumps. (r deposits which involves a high risk of pitting corrosion of steel as described in table 7 of DIN 50 829 Part 3, September 1885 edition, where 2 fs less than —8, For 0), see page 1. 2) Acceptance testing does not constitute inspection as fined in OIN 196%, but isa purely technical acceptance testFurther, temporary and permanent anchorages are generally not to be used ifthe ground or water in the zone defined by the fixed anchor length is highiy agaressive to concrete (as dotined in DIN 4030). This also applies where permanent anchorages ara tobe installed in sol ithe ground or water's, classed as slightly aggressive on the basis af the sulfate con- tent only, temporary anchorages (and permanent anchor- ages in the case of low aggressivty) may be useé provided that sulfate-resisting cement is used for grout preparation, In cock, temporary anchorages may also be used under highly aggressive conditions, but if classification of the rock as slightly or highly aggressive is based primarily on the suttate content, a sulfate-resisting cement shall also be used. In highly aggressive rock, permanent anchorages may be installed, an adequate beating capacity ofthe anchorage is ensured (e.g. by grouting the borehole in accordance with DIN 4093, thus preventing the grout being exposed toagares- sive water) 5.2 Stray currents Tendons shall be protected against stray currents in the ‘round (ef, DIN 50900 Part 2), 5.3 Dynamic effects To allow for any adverse effects of road or rail trafic on the bearing capacity of ground anchorages, the minimum dis tance between the grout and rafic aroas sheiibe 4 m. Where other dynamic effects are present, pertinent investigations shell be mage, 5.4 Arrangement of ancillary anchorages Since, generally. only a rough estimate can be made of the ‘probable limit ioad in the grout, the ground anchorages shall bbe so located that ancilary anchors can be fitted, unless the ‘same aim can be achieved by other means, 6 Detailing 6.1 Maintenance of safe working load tthe anchorage oad sto change slittieas possible atter the anchorage has been installed (6, destressing du to oulsat- Ing stress or rock deformation), an anchorage with adequate lasticiy shall be used or proxision shall be made for adjust ability ofthe tendon at the anctar head. 6.2 Transverse movement of the anchorage over the free anchor length Ittransverse movement in the rockin the zone defined by the free anchor length is to be expected, the annular space be- ‘ween sheath and borehole wall shall be kop free of grout or cleared after grouting, or transverse movement of the ‘anchorage shall be a design feature 6.3 Anchor head The anchor head shall be designed so as not to induce secondary stresses in the tendon Wedges (or spherical ‘wasters) should be fitted between anchor head and support plinth, unless the anchor head permits compensation for angular deviations of the tendon from the axial postion. ‘A check shall've made whether, in addition to protection against corrosion, anchor heads should be given mechanical protection. Proof of the suitability of the anchor heas design shallbe pro- vided (e.g. by submitting an agrément)), The anchor head design for permanent anchorages shall permit in-service tests to be made aslongaas such tests are required (of, clause 13), DIN 4125. Page 64 Tendon For temporary anchorages, the total cross-sectional area of the tendon shall be atleast 180 mm, the diameter of an indi> Vidual bar in mult-strand tendons not exceeding 20 rim. Prestressed or reinforcing steel that has been issued an agré ‘ment!), reinforcing stee! a8 specified in DIN 488 Part 1 or DIN 17100 structural steel shall be used for tendons In the zone defined by the bond length, tandons shall have ‘bonding characteristics similar to those of ribbed prestrescoa Or reinforcing steel, use of prestrossed wire strands with a nominal cross-sectional area of 140 mm? boing, however, permitted. Tubes for compression anchorages shall have ‘equivalent bonding characteristics. 6.5 Joints in tendon ‘Tendons may have joints except within the fixed anchor length and the serviceability of any couplers shall be verified, ‘eg-by submiting an agrement, ‘Tendon elements shall only be joined outside of the borehole. 66 Corrosion protection 6.6.1 General 66.11 Tendon The tendon shall be given adequate corrosion protection ‘which shall remain effective throughout the design srvice Ie ff the anchorage. Tho effectiveness of the protection shall not be impaired during storage, transport, installation and ‘stressing ofthe anchorage. The steel shallot suffer mechan ical damage when the plastic sheathing is removed In the zone defined by the free tendon length, the corrosion protection shat not affect the freedom of the tendon to expand, Before the corrosion protection is applied. any substances {04 dit, grease, ce or looserust particles) ikely 10 impair the serviceability of the tendon (e bond or corrosion resist ‘ance) shall be removed from its surface, Prestressing steel tendons shall not develop moze than rust ‘bloom up to the time the anchorage is instaied. Prestressing stee! and preassembled anchorages shall be stored in @ dry place. Note, Rust bloom is defined as a uniform layer of rust without wide pitting, visible to the naked eye and removable by wiping with a dry cloth (of. subciause 68 of DIN 4227 Part 1, July 1988 edition). 6.6.42 Joints in tendon “The corrasion protective system appliod tothe joint assembly shall be at least equivalent to that given to the froe tendon length and shall nat hinder detormation of the tendon. 6.6.1.8 Anchor head ‘The anchor head shall be protected against corrosion. The corrosion protection between anchor head and the proximal fend of the plastic sheathing in the zone defined by the free tendon length shal include the seal at the proximal end. it anchorages require rastrossing or inspection during the ser- vice, care shall be taken to ensuto that regrouting at the anchor head is possible, For 9, see page 1Page 6 DIN 4125 16.6.2 Corrosion protection of temporary anchorages 86.21 Protection of tendon bond length In the zone defined by the bond langth, the tencion shall be ‘embedded in @ layer, not less than 20 mm thick, of cementi- tious grout, a minimum layer thickness of 10 mm being re ‘quired in the case of compression anchorages. This requite- ment shall be met by using spacers, checking tendons for ‘compliance in each case (ct. Explanatory notes). As a rule, ‘spacers shall be provided at maximum intervals oft m. larger intervals being permitted it adequacy of the resulting grout layer can be verified. Spacers shail be rigidly bonded to the tendon, their effectiveness not being impaired when the tendon s driven home. If tendons are intended to be inserted into unlined boreholes (csubclause 71), the spacers shall be ‘designed to prevent soll being included when the anchorage is installed Spacers may be dispensed with in the case of cohesioniess ‘soll the wall thickness ofthe entry casing atthe nip points is rot less than 20 mm and a minimum injection pressure of 5 bar is used. ‘Any extruded or heat-shrinkable plastic tubing and any coat~ ing shall be removed from the tendon in the zone defined by the anchor length without this causing damage to the tendon, In the case of rock anchorages, the grout cover in the zone defined by the bond length may be reduced to 10 mm pro vided that no water is present in this zone throughout the ser- vioe lite of the anchorage and provided that rigid spacers, used 66.2.2 Free tendon length The ree tendon length shall be protectedin one ofthe folow- ing ways. 8) The tendon shail be enclosed by a plastic sheath with a wal thickness of not les than 2:mm, made of PYC-U as in DIN 7748 Part 1, PE as in DIN 16 776 Part 1 or PP as in DIN 16 774 art. The sheath shall be designed to prevent the ingress of water into the annular space between sheath and tendon. The sheath shall be firmly bonded to the tendon, \wmere a plug is used as the seal, it shall be both resistant to water and be watertight. It in self dows not offer pro~ tection against corrosion, direct contact between plug and tendon shall be prevented (e.g. by applying a coating to the tendon), ') The tendon shall be provided with a DIN 30672 heat: shrinkable tubing the inner surface of which shall have an anti-corosive coating, factory-applied without being fexnosedi9a flame. The tubing shall have a inal thickness fof 1mm minimum. Tubing without pre-applied inner ‘ooating may be used provided that final wal thickness ‘exceeds 1.5 mm. Each bar or strand shall be protected separatoly. ©) The tendon shall be enclosed by an extruded plastic ‘sheath, with a wall thickness of atleast 15 mm, which is tactory-applied each bar or strand baing protected sepa- rately 8) Making a corrosion allowance of at least 1mm to the required diameter, this being deemed an adequate means of corrosion protection only the yield point of the ‘steel does not exceed 500 Nimm? and the cross-sec: nal area of solid bars is not less than 600 mm? or the ‘wall thickness of hollow bars, not less than 8 mm, 6.8.23. Anchor head It the tendon over its free lenath is protectes by a plastic sheath as described in subclause 6522, items a) to c), the transition zone between it and the support plinth shall be sealed s0 as to prevent the ingress of water into the space between sheath and tendon 6.6.2.4 Zone of transition between free tendon length and bond lenath Inthe case of single unitanchorages witha safe working load fof not less than 600 KN and of muitunit anchorages with 2 ‘safe working load of not less than 750 KN, the tendon shall be provided with an adcitional corrosion protection (e.g corr {gated sheath to be grouted) over a length of tm atthe prox! ‘malendot the bondiength, its purpose being to prevent ong)- tudinal eracks caused by the transmission of loads, develop: {ng so far as to expose the tendon, Rock anchorages need not bbe provided with such a protection, ft may be assumed that inthe zone defined by the anchor length he borehole is natu- rally dry, 6.6.3 Corrosion protection of permanent anchorages: roof of suitability of the corrosion protection system shallbe provided for permanent anchorages (e4, by submitting an agrément!) ‘This proof shall, among other things, 18). provide information on whether the components of the corrosion protection system are compatible ') state thatthe system provides a degree of corrosion pro- tection equivalent to that of proven systems; ©) state that the corrosion protective agent will adversely affect the properties af the tendon neither during its appi- cation nor subsequently under service conditions; 1) state that the protection of the tendon extends over the {ull length of the sheathing, anc the tendon is tightly sealed (ct. item 12 in figure 1); ‘) stato that in the anchored zone the corrosion protection ‘does not affect the freedom of the tendon to expand ‘Cementitious grout shallbe deemed adequate corrosion pro: tection tin close contact withthe tendon and if enclosed in a sheath that, under service conditions, resists corrosion and {does not permit the penetration of water. Normally, the mini- mum grout cover shall be 5 mm; anchorage design and type ‘of sheath may require a thicker cover, ‘The corrosion protection of the tendon and the anchorage ‘components shall be factory-appliod ‘where a corrugated sheath is used, the grout cover in the “anchorage z0n9 shallbe 10 mm minimum, the same thicknoss boing required in the caso of compression anchorages. Where the corrosion protection is applied in the form of a Coating, the specifications of DIN $6 928 Parts 4to 6 shall be observed If grout, sealing compounds, etc. are used for cor rosion protection, loose particles need not be removed from the tendon prior to the corrosion protection treatment. Ifthe anchorage or part of itis protected against corrosion after Installation (@., corrasion protection of anchor head sftec grouting), this work shall be supervised to ensure that proper workmanship is maintained, The date when this work 's scheduled to begin shai be notified to the responsible building inspectorate in good time, H plastic compounds are used for corrosion protection, spac- {rs shall be fitted to ensure an adequate thickness of the ‘compound enciosing the tendon. Where the corrosion pro- tection is applied inthe form of a coating, a material shall be introduced into the space between the tendon and sheath so a8 to fil it completely ané permanently uniess it has been verified that the seals fitted between tendon and sheath are capable of maintaining their function after stressing of the anchorage. Where grouting material is used for corrosion protection purposes, the sheath shall be deemed adequate mechanical protection it made of a material that does not ppormit penetration of water For 8), see page7 Construction 7A Borehole drilling Entry point, orientation, length and diameter of borehotes, together with any deviations from commonly used toler- ‘ances, shall be specified for each particular case, Angles of inclination of the anchorage to the vertical of between + 10° land 10° should be avoided where possible. Otherwise, proof shall be provided that the anchorage can be fully routed, ‘Tha method of construction shall be selacted to sult the ter rain and the structural conditions of any building on neigh bbouring sites. Drill cuttings shall continuously be removed from the bore- hole (e4. by flushing with air or water), Downwerd inclined boreholes shall be extencied boyond the design bond length by the length required for a borehole sump if such is neces say, The minimum diameter of boreholes shall be Smm larger than the design diameter ofthe grout, taking nto account the ‘grout cover dealt with in subciause 66, Details of construction of ground anchorages shall be speci tio in the light of the results of geotechnical investigations ‘and of the information obtained from the borehole, 7.2 Installation of tendon Tho tendon shall be installed free trom detects and so 8s not {to undergo mechanical damage likely to reduce its bearing capacity orto atfect the performance ofthe corrosion protec: tion system. Except where the ground is structurally stable and the bore hole itself is sutfciently straight (Le. drilled using a rigid ari, the tendon shail be installed using @ casing. If the anchor head and the means of corrosion protection sed are not fitted immediately upon installation of the ten- ‘don, water shall be prevented trom entering the sheath, 7.3 Grouting 7.3.1 Composition of grouting materia ‘Cement complying with DIN 1184 Part t and mixing water as spocitied in DIN 4227 Part 5 shall be used to prepare the: ‘rout: for any additives employed. a valid test certificate) shall have been issued, Where prestressing steel is used, DIN 4227 Part 5 shall be observed. ‘The water/cement ratio shall ie between 0,35 and 07, this value being kept as low as possible in the case of rock and cohesive soil, 7.3.2. Mixing ‘The grouting material shell be machine-mixed, care being taken to prevent lumps forming and segregation occurring between mixing and grouting, 7.3.3 Injection Injection pressure and grouting technique shall be selected ‘to sult the ground and groundwater conditions encountered “The grout may be injected under hyarostati prassureinrock, and in sol that permits dling with the borehole unlined, the ‘materia hore being injacted from the distal snd ofthe anchor- ‘age, Post: grouting may be necessary, and the tendon fitted fither before or after grouting. Ifthe grout is to be injected Under hydrostatic pressure and it eannot be ruled out that he ‘material will enter the surrounding ground, precautions (2.9, 9) Test certificates are issued by the institut fur Bautechnik DIN 4125 Page 7 post-grouting, minimum injection pressure) are to be taken to ‘ensure that the finished grout is properly formed over the specified length ive, without air or water being entrapped) For grouting upwats inclined boreholes, packers shall nor- ‘mally be used in which injection and vent pines are fitted. 74 Post-grouting ‘Once the grout has hardened, post-grouting may be carries ‘out which involves the original grout being burst. if water is sedifor this purpose, care shallbe taken toensure that. in the ‘case of cohesive soll only small quantities of water enter the ‘surrounding ground. The post-grouting equipment (eg injec- tion lances with valves, tubes & manchstte) shall be con nected to the tendon before ths is installed. 7.5 Maintenance of free anchor length The grout shall not bear on the structure to be anchored. Itis tobe ensured thatthe anchorage loadin he zone defined by the tixad anchorlength can be transmitted into the ground. Inthe case of composite anchorages, yy (ct. figure 1) is not loss than 0,5 mand not greater then 0.25 is, For compression anchorages, la (ef. tigure 2) shall not exceed a valve equal to 028 tis ~ Io). ‘The design free anchor length shall be achieved by flushing out excess grout unless it can be demonstrated by analysis, thatthe above requirements can be satisfied as aresult ofthe Grout level dropping when the casing is witharawn or if a packer is used. For flushing a flushing hose, firmly attached to the anchorage, ora laterally perforated lance, and. as lusting ‘media, non-hardening substances such as water or bentonite Suspension, shall be used. When flushing out excess grout, flushing fluid shal rise up between casing and surrounding ground; otterwise, the borehole shall be fused again after ‘withdrawal of the easing. Maintenance of a specific ixed anchor length is not required the grounc conditions encountered preclude load transmis- sion in the zone defined by the free anchor langth and direct, ‘contact between grout and the anchored structure along the design fixed anchor length. In this context, the strength and deformation behaviour of the ground in the zone defined by the design fixed anchor length and the free enchor length, a8 \wellas the compressive strees that can be transmitted via the hardened grout shal be taken into account 7.8 Workmanship 7.81 General Ground anchorages shall be constructed by the same tech: nique and to the same size asthe tral anchorages that have ‘undergone sultabilty testing (ef, clause 10), 7.6.2 Multi-bar tendons ‘The bars or strands of mut-bar tendans shal in the zo {defined by the bond length, be spaced soas to ensure thet all tendon units are completely surrounded by grouting material The units shallbe ted to prevent their being unravalleg curing Instatiation. 7.6.3 Filling of borehole I damage due to subsidence is to be expected as a result of ‘the borehole collapsing in the zone defined by the free anchor length, the Borehole shal be filed with a bentonite-cement suspension, for example, without this, however, giving rise to 2 redistribution of forces in that zone.Page 8 DIN 4125 7.6.4 Construction of anchorages in the presence of hydrostatic pressure It groundwater is encountered in ailing, measures shall be taken to prevent soll or grouting material being flushed out 7.65 Spacing of grouts Te centre-to-centre spacing of grouts shall be 1 m minimum for sate working loads up to 700 kN and.S mor safe working loads up to 1300 KN, intermediste values being determined by interpolation. Where necessary, the arrangement of tha {anchorages shell be fan-shaped and staggered, or anchor- ‘ages shall be tested by groups. in accordance with subclause 106 The fixed anchor length ef an anchorage shall not extend through types of soll witha diferent deformation behaviour 7.86 Records All details of anchorage construction shall be recorded (see ‘appendix A for spacimen record form), this including intoxma tion on the dalling technique used, borehole orientation, depth and diameter. Records shall also be Kept ofthe strata boundaries encoun- tered during ailing, Grout composition, quantity of grout ‘material used, injection pressure, design fixed anchor length, land any special features of anchorage construction 77 Stressing After hardening of the grout material, generally one week after the grouting operation, the anchorage shall be sub: Jectes to suitabllty testing and acceptance tasting and ten sloned to its working load, 8 Design analysis 81 Safe working load ‘The safe working load of ground anchorages. Fy, is to be erives from the analysis of the anchored structure, struc tural component oF cock outerop. The toads normally to be taken info account are: 1) loads due to active earth pressure; ) loads established on the basis of rock machanics invest gations; loads due to water pressure 19) loads duo to stresses in the tendon; 2} loads acting on the anchor head fh the sum of diferent components of these toads Inthe case of excavations in soil the calculation of Fy may be ‘pased wholly or partly onthe earth pressure at rest or on the: ‘assumption of an increased earth pressure, as specified 18 IN 4085. Further relevant information is provided in th recommendations of Committee Baugruben of the Deutsche Gesellschatt fdr Erd- und Grunabau eV. 82 Load cases The analysis shall allow tor the load cases listed in subclause 22. of DIN 1054, November 1976 edition, this Being suppIe- ‘mented by the following considerations, a} Load case 1 relates to the structure im its as:completed state and, inthe case of excavations, to the ate on com pletion ) In the case of excavations, al preliminary stages of con- struction up to the state on completion and all subse~ quent stages until compietion of reiling work fall under load case 2 €) Inthe case of rock anchorages, load case 3 may include all construction stages provided that the anchorage load Is checked regularly using a representative samplo. 8.3 Permissible anchorage load The permissible anchorage load, 2ul F, shall be calculated trom aul Ps FR “ nk tor the grout, oF from cul FS ¥ Fs o {or the tendon, whichever value is lower, The safety factors, shall be taken from table |, taking into aecount subclause 84 Table 1. Safety tactors ni, and 7s. 1 2 3 4 5 Grout: nc Tendon: ns Load case o x pies | Earth pressure | Earth pressure Active | Atrast | Acthe | Atrest r T 1 180 | 193 | aze | 198 2 133128 | 180 | 125 1.25 [ 120 | 133 | 420 84 Satety factors Safety factors nx and ns shall be taken trom table tas @fune- tion of the load case (of subclause 82). For permanent anchorages, the factors relating to the active earth pressure fare always to be used, whereas for temporary anchorages, the safety factor may be selected asa function o the loading ‘conditions (cf, subciause 8 1), cue consideration also being ‘given tothe folowing. 4) Where an increased earth pressure is tobe assumed, he safely factor is to be obtained by interpolating between the vaiuns for te active pressure and those for the pres sure at rest 'b) Where loads from active earth pressure in addition to those due to earth pressure at rest or an increased earth pressure are prosant, the safety ‘actors may be obtained by interpovation on the basis ofthe rata of these load to the total load. 85 Further analyses 4) If temporary anchorages are designed for earth pressure at rest. then pract shall be provided that, assuming a redistribution of the active earth pressure the permissible ‘anchorage load as determined in accordance with sut- Clause 8 3 is not exceedad ifthe safety factors for active ‘arth pressure given in table 1 are used, ) Where imposed loads (including wind loads) are recur ‘ont, the loading ot the tendon shall not change by an ‘amount equal to more than 0.2 Fy, with the permissible amplitude of stress in the tendon not being exceeded, Verification is required here only where pulsating loads sare not compensated for by prestressing, ©) For suitability and acceptance testing, tendons may be loaded up 19 09 Fs, 1) The sate working load and the proof load shall be verified for the structural companent (0 be anchored. When‘designing the safe working load for temporary structures, the permissible stresses specified in subclause 9.4 of DIN4124, August 1981 ecition, may be used. Calculation of the proof load for both temporary and permanent struc: tures shall bo based on the same subciause for testing and overstressing Forreinforced concrete permanent structures, 200! shall be provides of the limitation of crack width under proot oad when determining the requited crass section of rein- forcement for this load case. ©) Structural measures shell be taken to ensure that failure ‘ot anchorages does not result in failure ofthe structure or structural component secured by the anchorage system. "this requires voritication by stabilty analysis, such verit- ‘cation may be made utiizing the ukimate bearing capac ity of both structure and ground (e.g. uiizing the arching effect of the ground and yield point of the tendon). 1) To provide proof of adequate length and inclination of anchorages, a structural analysis shall be made for the ‘system as a whole, comprising the anchorage, the sur- rounding soll or rock and, where appropriata, the struc- tures or structural comporants secured by the anchorage system, which is not the subject of this stendarc, {9} For permanent anchorages, itis tobe specified already at the design stage, whether and which anchorages are to undergo in-service testing 9 Proving test To provide proot ot its serviceability, each anchorage system '5 to be subjected to a proving test which, in particular, is to cover the folowing a) design, construction and corrosion protection of the ‘anchorage; ease of handling of the anchorage during transport stor: ‘age and installation: ©). any neea'o provide the anchor head with a corrosion pro tection on ste: 4d) tensile tests on the basis of the specifications of clause 10 ©) appearance of corrosion protection after tensile testing 1). size-and condition of grout (including check for erack for~ ‘mation) after tensile testing, Type and scope of the proving test are a funetion of the anchorage construction and the surrounding soil and shall ‘take account of any experience made with ths type of ‘anchorage system ‘The testis to bo performed on anchorages of original size. Sol ‘anchorages shall undergo testing as specitied under items to 1) above inthe soil having the same properties as that on ‘the proposed site, whereas rock anchorages may be installed in a concrete block with properties equivalent to those of the particular rock. The anchorage shall be exposed after tensile {esting to facilitate its inspection. Proving tests on anchorage ‘components may be conducted on models. Construction of ‘the ancnorage, tensile testing and exposure of the anchorage shall be supervised by a specialist body which isalso to evalur ate the results ofthe ground investigations to be made, When ‘exposed, the anchorage shall be inspected both by the spe Cialist Body and an accredited expert inthe field of earrasion protection 10 On-site suitability testing 10.1 Scope At least three anchorages per site shall be subjected to sult- abiltytestin, the anchorages being selected om the basis of DIN 4125 Page 9 ‘ground investigations where these or te anchorage postion ‘suggest that unfavourable results will be cotained, In the case of temporary anchorages, suitability testing may bbe ispensed withita similar testhas aireacybeen carried out at a site where the ground conditions are comparable. Per- formance of such tast is. however, not dispensable it the method of construction employed differs significantly anc Lnfavourably fram that of anchorages subjected to suitability testing elsewhere orfhigherlimitloadsin the grout, Pareto be analyzed Suitability testing of permanent anchorages shall be super vied by an expert body. 102 Procedure Ina tensile tes. the displacement of the proximal end of the anchorage in the direction of loading shall be measured from a fixed point Starting trom a pre-load, , not exceeding 02 Fy, the lod Shall be increased, in stages, to 0.5 fy, 0.75 Fy, 10 Fy and 1,25 Fy, unl a proot load, Fp, equal te nx Fw = 09" Fs Is reachad, As each of these load levels is reached forthe frst time, the loadisto be kept constant for the minimum observa: tion period given in table 2, followed by gradual ruction to F, to check the anchorage for any plastic or elastic displace: ‘ment Following ths, the load shal be increased, in stages, to the next highest foad level (ct. figure 3), 11, atthe time of esting, the sate working load, Fy. unknown, fr if its uncertain whether the limit oad, x, can be reached, load stages smaller than given in table 2 should be used With the proof load kept constant, the displacement at given timas (€9. 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 30 minutes) and for observation periods longer than five minutes, displacementtima curves shall be plotted on a semilog graph both for temporary anchorages (cf. figure 4) and permanent anchorages (ct figure 5), For the straight portion of the curves (\e, the con: tinuous thick lines), the creep displacement, f,, shall De established and plotted as a function of the load stage. as shown in figure 6 ‘The minimum observation periods given in table 2 shall be extended if ‘the increase in displacement, As, in cohesionless soll and Jn rock excveds 0,5 mm betwoen the Sth and 15th minute and, in cohesive soil, exceeds 0.8 mm between the Sth and 20th minute, oF ) the slope of the time-displacement curve in tgure 4 075 Increases in direct proportion tothe logarithm of time, of ©) R, exceeds 1 mm for cohesioniass soll and rock In the case of a) and ), the observation period shall be extended until, can be determined, Incase c), the observation periods specified for cohesive soll are to be maintained Following observation of cisplacement, the load shall be released in stages from Fp to P, after which the tendon shall, be stressed uri Fis reached taking nto account any sip at the anchor head, Note. As the hysteresis always occurs, the resulting ancher- ‘age load is then sightly below Fo, 10.3. Cyclic loading of permanent anchorages Following the sultablity test in accordance with subclauso 102, permanent anchorages shall be loaded to 2 level of 1.0 Fwand then unloaded to 05 Fry, this Cycle being repeated 20 times, without intermission between the cycles. The dis- placement at 10 Fy and 0,5 Fy shall be measured atleast at the end ofeach fith cycle Finally, the load shallbereducedto Fi and Fy appliedPage 10. DIN 4125 Proof load, Fy —= O5Fy 075 Fy Fo WAY N25 Fy Fe -+— Displacement, s = Figure 3. Loadyaisplacement curves obtained in a suitability test of a temporary anchorage 10.4 Requirements 104.1 Creep displacement For temporary anchorages it shall be verified, with the anchorage under prot load, that a) the increase in displacement, As, in cohesionless soil and in rock does not exceed 0.5 mm between the Sth and 15th minute and, in cohesive soll, does nat exceed 0,8 mm be- tween the 6th and 30tm minute (both values giving an ‘approximate ereep displacement of 1 mm or ls); by hy a8 specifid in igure 4 does not exceed 2 mm, For permanent anchorages, it shall be verified, with the anchorage under proof load, that k, as specified in figures 5 fand 6 does not exceed 2m. Itfor both temporary anchorages and permanent anchorages subjected to sutabiity testing the proof load is reached and the conditions under items a) and b) are met, the required, safety margin with respect to Fx shall be Geemed proven (in the diagram shown in figure 4, condition a) is met by anchor- Je No.1 and condition b) by anchorage No.2) If, for one anchorage, Fx is reached ata lower loadlevel, the permissible ‘anchorage load for al anchorages covered by the sultablty test shal be specified in accordance with equation (4) on the basis of the lowest value obtained from testing. Otherwise, further tests shall be performed. Table 2. Load stages and minimum observation periods for suitability and acceptance testing 1 2 3 4] 5 | 6 7 8 Minimum observation period, in minutes Suitability test Acceptance test Proofoad) Temp, anchorage Perm. anchorage ‘Temp. anchorage Perm, anchorage Fp Cohesion- Cohesion- Cohesion Cohesion- (load stages) | “tess | Cohesive ss | Cohesive | less | Cohesi ess | Cohesive soil, soil soll soil soil, soil soil, soil rock rook rook rock F502 Fw 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 08 Fw 1 1 15 30 - - - = O75 Fw 1 1 18 30 1 1 1 1 10 Fw 1 1 60 120 1 1 1 1 1,25 Fw 1 1 60 180 5 15 1 1 nx Fw 15 30 120 1440 - - 8 15DIN 4125 Page 11 Time, f= 1 2 5 15 2 3050 100 in 500 Anchorage am sen a rs z 7 rage 4 No SS s N. PA Wi es 4 z) S | E : | a é 2 E, 3] Le a lah oh igh 3 ‘Hig (n/t) at load Fp (examples established in sutabilty tests Figure 4, Time-displacement curves for determining ky for two temporary anchorages in cohesive soil) 500 1900__nin 5000 “= Displacement. s ~ so A bi al lh 4 ? al H Figure 5. Time-displacement curves for determining by = (sp ~ sya (tlt) (examples establishad in a suitability test for a permanent anchorage in cohesive soll)Page 12 DIN 4125 tlisplacoment, k, > Creep ° O5Fy OISFy 1A, 125A, 15Fy Proot load: Fy —= Figure 6. Creep displacementiproot load diagram for sutabiity testing as illustrated in figure 5 (ef. subclause 104) sess mena iar ots ss spc uaaiea an al tr ‘The tree tendon length as determined by calculation, caf Jy, vals. TRS ee Saermccatrttnraes yon cme tee uantmis {and that friction losses are low. This cequicement shall be ‘deemed to be satistied it the elastic displacement lies within limiting curves a and b (ct subciause 12:2). Joads up to 1900 kN (interpolation being permitted, a number fof adjacent anchorages (normally three) shall be loaded at the same time, and monitored. 10.5 Measuring equipment 10.7 Test report In the tonsile test, loads shall be moasured using load The results of suitability testing shall be recorded in a test Cells (with a limit of eror of 19 of the maximum scale value) report Table 3. Observation periods and permissible displacement or creep displacement at proot load for suitability and ‘acceptance testing 1 | 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 Suitability test ‘Acceptance test Temp. anchorage | Perm.anchorage | Temp anchorage | Perm. anchorage ‘Cohesion- Cohesion- Cohesion- Cohesion- less | Cohesive | ess | Cohesive | less | Cohesive | ess | Cohesive soil, ‘soil soi soll sol, sol | sol, soll rock rock. rock rock Proot load k= Pw mx Fw 125 Fy aK: Fw Short observation periods, in min vfn 5 5 - 2 | 8 2 5 & 18 20 - 5 15 5 15 As s2— 5), In me <05 | soe - - <02 | sozs| soz | <025 Long observation periods, in min ain b >is | >a | 10 | 21 | >s | >is | os | o1s Kg inom $20 <20 <0 <20 =) 1,18 to be read trom the linoar section af the time-displacoment curveDIN 4125. Page 19 Proot toad, Fy — O5Fy 0A, fy Why 125Fy Displacements Figure 7. Load-displacement diagram (example established in an acceptance test for @ temporary anchorage) 11 Acceptance testing 111 Procedure Each anchorage shall be subjected to acceptance testing ‘Starting from a pre-load, F, the load shall be increased, in Stages (as specified in table 2) untia proof load, Fp, qual to 1125 Frwy for temporary anchorages (Ct igure 7) and equal to rng: Fw for permanent anchorages, with a maximum of 09 Fs, {Ig roacnes. Tho anchorage shall then be unloaded. At each stage, the displacement o the proximal end shall be meas fed as a function ofthe load, using the equipmont specified in subelause 114 \With the proof load kept constant, the displacement shall be ‘measured over a period of at least five minutes for cohesion fess soll and rock, and 15 minutes (e.g. after 1,2, §, 10 and 15 ‘minutes} for cohesive soll. The minimum observation period shall be extended if {8} for cohesioniess soll and rock, the displacement for a pe riod botween two and five minutes exceeds 0.2mm or ) for cohesive eoil and rock. the displacement for a period between Sand 1S miautes exceeds 0.25 mm (bath values Giving a creep displacement of mare than 0.5 mm), The observation shall be continued untilaclear-cut value ct as described in subciause 10.2 can be determines. The procedure described for cohesive soll shall be followed for heterogeneous soil and rock. Following this test, the anchorage shall be stressed until Fo is reached, taking into account the sip at the anchor head. the difference, due to the hysteresis, between Fy and the actual anchorage load may normally be disregarded. Fy need ‘nek necessarily be applied immediately after acceptance testing 11.2 Records The results of acceptance testing shall be recorded in table torm. The records shall give, for the relevant proof load, the permissible limits of elastic displacement (represented by lines @ and b, as showa in figure 8), the changes in displace- ‘ment for an observation period between two and five minutes and between 5 and 15 minutes, respectively, and the residual displacoment when unloading to F, For permanent anchorages, forms as shown in appendix B shall bo usod ton evaluation, Deviations from test procedure land evaluation as spocitieg here are permitted subject to ‘agreement between contractor and the expert body having supervised tho suitability test. Normally, supervision of an acceptance test is nol requirad. 11.3 Acceptance criteria ‘The acceptance test shall be deemed to have been passes if, with the anchorage under proof load, the elastic displace: ‘ment lies with the mits defined by lines aand b as shown in figure 8 and if (ct. table 2) 8) for the relevara saat i0ad. the increase in displacement, s.in eohesiontess soil and rock fora period between 1Wo And five minutes doas not exceed 0,2 mm or, far cohesive soll the displacement for a period between 5 and 18 min- tutes does not excead 0.25 mm (both values giving an approximate ereep displacement of O' mm oF less). oF ) for prolonged observation periods (ct. table 3), the creep ‘displacement goas not exceed 1mm for temporary anchorages and 2 mm for permanent anchorages. inte anchorage falls the test, the action to be taken shall be agreed with the responsible buiding inspectorate (eg extended acoaptance testing, reduction of working load, placing of adltional anchorages). ‘Additional provisions may have to be made and tests per formed i the residual displacement and creep displacement are greater than in the suitably test 4 Measuring equipment Displacements during tensile testing shallbe measured using dial gauges with 201mm scale intervals. Loads may be applied by means of hydraulic jacks for which information is ‘available on the load carried by them as a function of the hydraulic pressure fr loading and unloading. The accuracy of the instrument shall be such that the Ingication around the proot load doos not differ by more than 8% from the maxi: ‘mum value as obtained from the load/displacement chagrarn The hyeitaule pressure shall be measured using a calibrated pressure gauge complying with class 10 as specitied in DIN 51220,Page 14 DIN 4125 115 Extended period of use {t.for any reason, temporary anchorages remain in service for ‘more than two years, the responsibie building inspectorate ‘shallbe notified. Any action required to minimize risks shall be ‘eciced for each particular case, an expert being consuited ‘where required. The following action shallbe taken atleast at Aadaquate intervals, 8) sisual examination of anchorage where accessible; ) check whether the anchorages are still under stress. Geodetic checks shall be made at regular intervals to estab: lish any displacement of the anchored structure so that con- clusions can be drawn as to thotr stability 12 Evaluation of suitability tests and expression of results 124 General Evaluation of the results shall be made as specified in sub~ clauses 122 to 124, 12.2. Limiting lines Lines a and b (ct. figure 8) shail be established 2s follows, 1) Line a is represented by equations (6) and (7): ® ” for compression anchorages. b) For Fp 2 0.75 nx Fw + Fi line bis represented by equa tion ®) no fer i EAs bs @ and tor Fp $0.78 Fw + Fi. by the complex tine FR plus RS, the coordinates of paints R and S being obtained trom table 4 Table 4 Coordinates of points R and S (ct. figure 8) i Point | Ordinate set “Abscissa Fp A 0 0.15 ng Fw + bs S| 06m Fw | OFS nx: Fw +B E-As The complex ine FR plus AS allows for restraint on the anchoragesystem dus ta friction losses during prostrass- ing ©) It is recommended that the seforce curve being com- pared to line ¢ which represents the elastic deformation ofa tendon having the design tree tendon length, 12.3. Expression of results ‘The resuits of tensile testing shallbe plotted as load/ displace: ment curves (cf figure & a), the displacement moasured at the anchor head being broken down into is elasticand plastic (residual) components, as follows, Figure 8 a) shows, for @ given proof load, the total displace ‘ment, s, which, when the anchorage is unloaded to F;, is ‘reduced by the elastic component of displacement, 53.10 91 {plastic component) Both components shallbe plotted sepa Fately for Fy asa function othe proot load, as shown in figure: by. AS an exampig, the displacement for a load equal to 1125 Fy, &, #8 entered in figure 8 b) (point C), As a rasult of Unloading, the elastic and plastic components, sc and Sei. are obtained, which shall be enteredin the diagram for a load equal to 1.25 Fx. 12.4 Determination of free tendon length ‘The design free tendon length, cal iss tobe derived trom the straight section of the elastic displacement curve using the ‘equation (9) tg Ba @ cal ig = SBA * ig tho slope of the sta of the As is the cross-sectional area of the tendons. 13. In-service tests Where deformations offin the anchoragelstructureiground ssystom are to be expected which may give rise to changes in ‘the anchorage load likey to adversely affect the performance fof the anchorage or structure, in-service tests are to be per- formed. Scope and frequency of testing and the numbor of anchorages tobe tested shall be selected with cue consider: ation being given to geatechnical aspects, to the typo of structure to be anchored and the results of subtly and acceptance testing The tests shall be conducted by abservingimonitoring the structure or by measuring the anchorage load. Any findings and measurement results shall be recorded,DIN 4125 Page 15 Proot load, Fp. —> 7S OSFy OPSFy fy 10Fy 125Fy 1k: Fe —Dispiacoment, 5 S a Seal Sct displacement, $9 Elastic displacement, $5, Residual ») Figure 8. Scat 4) Total displacement ») Elastic and residual displacements and limiting lines Load-displacernent diagram (example established in a suitability tet for a temporary anchorage)Page 16 DIN 4125 14 Inspection Internal control of anchorages and anchorage components shall be performed as detailed in table 5. Table 5. Detalls of internal control Object of test ‘Scope of testicheck Item to be checkadirequi sents) Frequency Prestressed stee! ‘Consignment (steel grade and diameter) against certificate of approval Marking: proof of quality control; no damage, no excessive staining Every consignment Transport vehicles ‘Steel supplied ary: no solting Every consignment Storage facilities Stored under dry conditions: no soiling ‘no contact with potentially corrosive media. As required. Reintorcing stool bars ‘Chock of consignment for steel ‘rade and diameter Marking as in DIN 488 Part 1 or sub- ‘mission of an agrément Every consignment Steuctural steo! Consignment (steel grade and size) 'As specified in DIN 17 100 Every consignment Anchor heads, couplers Proof of serviceability (cf. subciauses 3 and 65) Every consignment Grouting material Constituents: Identification of constituents (cf sub- clause 7.2) Every consignment Stressing and meas: tring equipment Stressing and measuring equip: ment ‘As specified in subclause 105 or 11.4 ‘Once a year Steessing Loads and displacements ‘As specified in clauses 10 oF 11 Every anchorage Grouting Records ‘As specified in subclause 766. Every anchorage Corrosion protection system Proot of serviceability (cf. subclause 663) Every consignmentDIN 4125 Page 17 Appendix A ‘Specimen record form for the construction of ground anchorages in accordance with subclause 7.6 of DIN 4125 ‘The note in the margin on page 1 prohibiting reproduction of any part of the standard does not apply tothe following specimen form, Designation of site and structural elernent: Sheet No, Tosation and number of anchorages Number, and diameter of tendon bars or strands, in mm ‘Anchor lenatn, ts, in Fixed anchor length, fo in m inclination of anchorage, in © Driling method and type of oil Flushing medium ling machine 3 2 Cased Entry casing: “Nb: mam Dail bit: ,°%, fm mm Uncased: Ori bit: g,"), in mm inmm Type and material Spacing, in m Spacers Outer diameter (unconstrained), nm Pipes “Type and material Number; diameter, in mm Vaies: Type See. grouting ‘equipment Number, location Date | Cased to a depth of, in m Uncased to a depth of, in m ‘Strata boundaries (rom entry level), in m ‘Any findings in anchorage zone") (0g Striking of water, oss of flushing medium, dariling speed and pressure, colour of twateral flushed out, appearance of over- size material) Borohol tests (pumping test, scanning) _| ser Date of grouting (Gn) and secondary c | scr | sa | or | sor grouting (SGr) | a9 | ena as | ena) Driling operation Type of cement ‘Additives (type and percentage) Grouting Water/cement ratio, + Quantity of cement used, in kg Grouting pressure, in bar ‘Method of limiting grout longth Depth to proximal end of grout, in m of grout Flushing pressure, in bar Notes: Rig foreman Name of contractor *) Only rolevant for rock anchorages") dz outeide a inside diameter.Page 18 DIN 4125, xB Soren fr forthe aetna permanent anche nacre hc Ho ‘1 The not inthe margin on page 1 prohibiting reproduction of any part ofthe standard does not apply to the following specimen fom Designation of site and structural element: ‘Sheet No. eck pe Pressure gauge No Load catty No: ‘cation and raribor of anchorages Tendon; number, and dametor of bara arm stee tens strength, in Nin cross-socbona area, Ag i mn? Anchor length, fs, in m | | Tendon extension’), din m Tendon bond fength kn m Free tendon tngt, is Campression ength, fin Factor of sate or proot load Loadihydroule preseorefceplacemont mw [be [wm | | be | am Pretoedng F O50 Fy g O75 Ew sate working oad 100 Fis Proof toad) 5 | | Diemer otter t min 4 after 2 min «| ater min % 3 _etersimn % 8 | x <020mm tearorn m7 5 | toon ie [— 5 after 15 min sis B | sis - 56 025mm Teanol mm B | omer. min 5 é after. min * after min : Creep displacement, k | | 10720 Tyesmol mt ‘See page 19 for footnotesDIN 4125 Page 19 Location and number of anchorages Loadihydraute preseureldeplacement mn [ver [am | un | ber] mm | Preoacing ou = 3 ‘Working load - ey Fw of | > Prestressing force (with allowance for slip)S) [| sy = mm for F, 6) ivan 5 8 | iting tin at ors 8) | sapetweenaandb ~_[yesinel m7 To ‘Date of inspection: Jack operator: 1) Extension due to stressing and measuring equipment. 2) In the tensile test, is 18 greater by an amount equal to 1 than after stressing of anchorage. 2) For By = nx Fwy. nx shall be taken as 1.25 for temporary anchorages and as 1,50 for permanent anchorages or a 139 (and 125 respective) for load case 2 or 3 (ct table 1) 49 he condition 5552 < 0:2 mm tor evhesionless soiland s15~ ss 0,25 mm for cohesive soll js not mat, the observation shall ’be continued unti a clear cut value of k, can be determined, For temporary anchorages, k, shall not exceed 1,0 mm and for permanent anchorages, nat exceed 20 mm, 5) The slip to be considered shall be taken from the agrément. 4) sy can be determined on the basis of the results of suitabilty testing 7} sql t0 be calculated from the maximum displacement under proot load minus sj atter unloading to F ®) Thelimits of elastic displacement are defined by limiting lines a and forthe proof load, derived trom the free tendon length in acoordance with subclause 122.Page 20 DIN 6125 ‘Standards and other documents referred to DIN 488 Part 1 Reinforcing steel; grades, properties ancl marking DIN 1045 ‘Structural use of concrete; design and construction DIN 1054 Permissible loading of subsoil DIN 1164 Part 1 Portland, Portand blastfurnace, blastfurnace slag and trass cement; concepts, constituents, requirements ‘and supply DIN 1961 ‘Tondering and portormance stipulations in contracts for construction works (VOB), Part B: General condi- tions of contract relating to the execution of construction works DIN. 4020 Geotechnical investigations for civil engineering purposes DIN 4030 Analysis of water, soll and gases aggrossive to concrete DIN 4085 Principles for the calculation of earth pressure DIN 4093 Ground treatment by grouting; planning, grouting procedure and testing DIN. 4124 Excavations and trenches; slopes, working space, and support ON 4128 DIN 4227 Part 1 Prestressed concrete; par Castin-place concrete and composite piles; design, construction and permissibie loading ly and fully prestressed ordinary concrete components DIN 4227 Part 5. Prestressed concrete, grouting of tendon ducts DIN. 7748 Part 1 Plastic moukin materials; nplasticized polyvinyl! chlovide (PVC-U) moulding materials; classification and designation DIN 16774 Part 1 Plastics moulding materials; polypropylene (PP) moulding mater Is; classiication anc designation DIN 18776 Part 1 Plastic moulding materials; polyethylene (PE) moulding materials; classification and designation DIN 17 100 Hot-rolled nor-alloyed stee! products for general structural applications DIN 21 521 Part 1 Rock anchorages for mining and tunnelling; concepts, DIN 90672 DIN 50.900 Part 2 Corrosion of metals, Corrosion protection tapes and heat shrinksble sleeving for buried pipework trochemical concepts DIN 90929 Part Susceptibility to corrosion of metallic pipework and building components in contact with soil ard water DIN 51 220 Materials testing machines; general DIN 55.928 Part 4 Corrosion protection of stee structures by organic and metallic coatings; preparation and testing of surfaces DIN 55.926 Part Corrosion protection of steel structures by organic and metalic coatings; costing materials and protective systems DIN $5928 Part 6 Corrosion protection of steel structures by organic and metalic coatings; workmanship and inspection of ‘corrosion protective work Recommendations of Committee Baugruben of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fir Erd- und Grundbau e.V, obtainable from Verlag Wilhetm Emst & Sohn, Berlin, Previous editions DIN 4125 Part 1:06.72, 0388; DIN 4126 Part 2:02.76 Amendments DIN 4125 Part 1, March 1988 edition, and DIN 4125 Part2, February 1976 edition, have been combined to form one standard, and the title amended accordingly Explanatory notes Re clause 1 ‘This standard doals only with anchorages designed for a par- rmissibie anchorage oad ot 1300 kNsince, when this etandara ‘was prepared, adequate and relable data were available only {or anchorages rated for these loads. It was not deomed necessary to restrict the use of anchor ‘ages to ground of adequate Dearing capacity (as in the case of cast-in‘place piles) because, owing to the fact that all ‘anchorages are subjected to acceptance testing, due allow- ance can be made or different ground conditions by specify Ing the permissible working load accorsingly, Re subclause 5.1.3 ‘Ground or grounawater that is highly aggressive (as detined in DIN £030) involvas the risk of the bearing capacity being ‘adversely affeoted by the time-cependent reduction in skin ‘ction, Under these conditions, anchorages may be installed if proof provided in the orm of an expertise that the level of ‘ground or water aggrossivity does not alter the bearing capa: city significantly during the service ife of the anchorage. Inthe case of rock anchorages, there are generally only local ‘eductions in skin iction du to mountain water penatrating via cracks in the rock.Re subclause 5:3 ‘The term ‘dynamic effects’ is understood ta inglude vibration loads irom machine foundations and geismie action. Anchor- ages the fixed anchor length af which is located in soil of homogeneous structure are particularly sensitive to such cffects. Consullation of an expert is recommended here, Re subclause 6.1 ‘The requirement specified here can be satlstied by using a tendon of higher elasticity, by providing for a facility of post- stressing the anchorage atthe anchor head, or bya. combina~ tion of both Re subclause 6.3, Inthe case of temporary anchorages it ay alsa benecessary ‘to design the anchor head so that in-service checking or post stressing of the anchorage is possible, Most anchor heads are designed so that proof of their ser- viceabiity (€9. in the form of an agrément) cannot be pro- vided as required by the building regulations. Instead, such proof may be furnished ina different way (by submitting acer tiicate of approval fora permanent anchorage or a particular stiossing method), provided the means of stressing the anchorage (@.a. wedges, nuts) are the same and are subject to third party inspection Furthermore, the support conditions {tigidity of the support, size of borehale) must be such as not {to adversely affect the anchorage performance. To ensure Ins, intermediate olomonts in the form of plates may be installed, the structural adequacy of which is to be verified. Re subclause 6.6.12 Corrosion protection in the zone of joints inthe tendon poses: the problem that not only a continuous protection reaching as fas as the {roe tendon length is to be provided but also the Felative displacemact of the protective systems during anchorage installation and stressing i to be prevented. Figure 13 ilustrates a possible solution of the prothem, ‘since the change in oross geation atthe joint involves the risk fof the anchorage catching when the casing is introduced or ‘extracted, casings for anchorages with jointed tendons shall have a large diameter and be of adequate rigtity to ensure a straight holo. The casings used should have a smooth inner surface and the entry casing shall not havea smaller ciameter than the other casings. Re subclause 66.21 ‘The type and shape of spacers isto be seloctes asa function ofa number of factors, such as type of sol, borehole diameter and any lining of the borehole. distinction is made between springy and rigid, and between concentsic and eccentric spacers. Hollow spacers with not lass than six arms have proved satisfactory, Since the consistency of the grouting material ean be affected by tne soll, the later isa major factor in the selaction fof the grout cover. in the case of soll permeable to water ‘Le ‘eormally, cohesioniess soil), the water, at an injection pres- Sure of § bar oF more, is extracted from the grout to such an ‘xtent that the grout is capable ct supporting the tendon as it ‘eaves the casing Inthe case of solimpermeable towater normally, cohesive soi), the consistency ot the grouting materalis not altered while this injected. For these reasons, Spacers are net required where anchorages are installed in ccohesioniess soil provided that the conditions specified in Ssubclause 6.63 are satisfied. A uniform grout caver ean also be obtained by using rigid spacers alone or by combining such spacers with an adequate casing size (et. figure 9) DIN 4125 Page 21 In the case of cohesive soll, the grouting material by itself is ‘ot suitable to ensure an adequate grout cover so thal spac ters. are to be employed, which may be springy or rid. In the former e389, a check shall be made that when the spacer has passed through the casing, it opens to its design position ie. ‘sufficiently to ensure an adequate grout cover (cf. figure 10). Inthe case of uninad boreholes, tis recommended that the ‘spacers take tha form illustrated in igure 10 to prevent sail being included. Hollow spacers may be used where the ‘spacer arms are not too narrow. Eccentric spacers should only be used i they cannot be dis placed and if their position can be checked by means of = ‘mark at the proximal ond of the tendon. Re 6622 Figures 11 and 12 show examples of seals a the proximal ang disialends of the anchorage which nave boon found satis tory ‘tis atthe point of transition between anchered and anchor ‘age zone that cracks due to stress concentrations and con: ‘sequential reistripution of forces at changes in cross section are to be expected, The distal seal of the sheath shall under these conditions, be capable of preventing the penetration of moisture See figure 11 for examples of corrosion protection systems. Sealing plugs shall be made of absorbent materia. Re subclause 66.23 ‘Transitions betwoon anchorage elements are problem areas In respect of corrosion protection. They should be of ws simple a design as possibie and be oxecuted with particular ‘care. This applies especially 10 the anchor heac because i is not only exposed to meohanical stress but algo to surface water Figure 12 shows an example of a corrosion protection system {ot a temporary anchorage extencing from the anchor head to the proximal and of the tendon, In the case of temporary anchorages, bearing plates and fother thick-walled components of the anchor head may be: ‘deemed adequately serviceable without corrosion protaction being required. Where there are gaps between wedges, nuts, tc, provisions shall be made to prevent the penetration of moisture Corrosion protective coatings are only suitable as coating ‘material f his is capable of penetrating into gaps and sealing these. There shall be no cracking of the coating above such eps. Re subclause 6.6.2.4 The annular space between the tendon and the corrugated shoath shall be large enough to permit *s being filed com pletely with grouting material The sheath may be mase of Steel or plastics and De slotted or perforated at its proximal tend to alow the escape of air during grouting. Ct. figure 14 for example. Re subclause 7.1 Singe deformation of the ground as @ result of the driling operations cannot he precluded, any measures required shall ‘be taken only after consultation with an expert. Re subclause 7.3.1 ‘When grouting cohesionless sol, higher water/cement ratio may be used since such sol is permeable to water and thus Permits water to drain off during groutingPage 22 DIN 4125, 1 Casing 2 Tendon 3 Spacer Alp St Ld SEZ <7 'b) Monobar tendon Figure 9. Examples of rigid spacers for temporary anchorages ) Monobar tendon, Figure 10. Examples of springy plastic or steel spacers for tomporary anchoragesDIN 4125 Page 23, 1) Monobar tendon ) Mutt-bar tendon ©) Mutt-bar tendon 1 Tendon 1 Tendon 2 Sheath 2 Sheath 3 Sealing compound 3 Seal 4 Grout 4 Protective tube 5 Seating plug 5 Cap 8 Sealing discs Figure 11, Examples of distal seals of sheaths. Figure 12. Example of a corrosion protection system for temporary anchorages at the anchor nead of 8 temporary anchoragePage 24 DIN 4125 Re subclause 7.3.3 For upward oriented rock anchorages of a strength at least fequal to that of the grout, packers need not be used. Re subclause 7.4 Post-grouting generally results in a higher bearing capacity ‘owing to the stronger bond between grout end ground thus produced, Re subclause 7.5 Ifthe anchor heads exposed to wator undor prossure andthe fixed anchor length cannot be achieved by flushing out or by the grout level dropping, the borehole can be filed as the ca: ings withdrawn (e.9. by means of bentonite suspension) tak- Ing careto prevent a bond withthe tendon (e.g by introducing an elastic or compressible agent into the zone of transition between fre and fixed anchor length {A similar mothod may be used if unstable boreholes may giv tise to damage of buildings situated above, due to settlement. Re subclause 7.6.2 ‘Spreaders have generally proved sultable means to ensuroan ‘adequate spacing of the tendon bars. centrally located tube ‘of adequate diameter for secondary grouting may assume the function of spreaders, Mult-unit tendons tend to unravat {at the distal end: this can ba prevented by tying the bars with, steel strap, for example. Re subelause 7.6.6 ‘The borehole records may also be used to check the ground Conditions in the zone defined by the fixed anchor lenath. tis recommended, when drilling in rock, that records be kept of the driling stages, dling pressure, flushing media and the type of aril cuttings. 1 Tendon 2 Sheath 3 Seal 4 Protective tube 5 Coupler Re subclause 8.3, ‘A reduction in Fs may become necessary ifthe way inwhich the tendon is attached at he anchor heac causes a reduction in the force at which the tendon starts to yiald Re subciause 85 bb) Measurements made on anchored walls situated beside traffic routes have demonstrated that the actual fluctuations In stress in a prestressed anchorage/ground system are very low. ©} In spacial cases due consideration shall be given to the limitation of deformation (eg. when anchoring buildings ot securing gas pipework) Re subclause 12 ‘The method of evaluation permits, with adequate accuracy {or practical purposes, assessment of a ground anchorage in respect of bearing capacity, free tendon length, permanent ‘displacement anc losses due to friction during prestressing, Limiting ines a and b (ct. figure 8) constitute the limits be: ‘ween which the elastic displacement is tolie to ensure that the calculated free tendon length does not differ significantly rom the design free tencion length and fiction losses remain within acceptable limits. Re subclause 12.4 Normally, the calculated tree tendon length can be deter mined with adequate accuracy trom equation (9), Where large friction losses or fiction losses varying with increasing anchorageioad are ikely, the free tendon length should, more accurately, ba determined from the slope a! the curve plotted for the last losding cycle (as shown in figure 8 a)). Figure 13. Corrosion protection of coupler of a temporary anchorageDIN 4125. Page 25 Soction A~ A (enlarged. shown ‘without grout) 1 Toncow 2 Sheath 3 Seal 4 Corrugated sheath 9 Spreader 8Grout 7 Spacer Figure 14. Zone of transition between free tendon length and tencion bond length of @ temporary anchorage International Patent Classification E020 654 £020 6/74 E020 2100 EotF 7108 GON