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Sedinta 4 :

1. VLAN TRUNKING PROTOCOL

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1. VLAN TRUNKING PROTOCOL

Concepte specifice ale protocolului:

• Dorim sa propagam si sa mentinem actualizata informatia

despre VLAN-uri in toata reteaua locala:
• Definire si stergere VLAN
• Numire si redenumire VLAN

• Este proprietar Cisco si utilizeaza mesaje Multicast avand in

Header-ul Data Link adresa MAC Destinatie:
0100.0CCC.CCCC (aceiasi ca la DTP si CDP)

• Elemente de configurare VTP:

• Domeniul VTP – este implicit Null (nesetat) – nu se
transmit informatii VTP , este case-sensitive
• Versiunea – exista 3 versiuni , implicit se lucreaza pe v1
• Revision configuration number – initial este 0, se
incrementeaza la orice modificare a VLAN-database
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1. VLAN TRUNKING PROTOCOL

• Transmiterea informatiilor VTP se face doar pe porturi de
tip TRUNK

• Legatura cu protocolul DTP : se negociaza formarea

legaturii TRUNK doar daca domeniile VTP sunt identice:
• null = null
• Nume = null
• Nume = Nume

• VTP poate lucra in modurile

• SERVER (default) – se pot crea, sterge, denumi VLAN-uri
• CLIENT – nu se poate face nici o creare/modificare
• TRANSPARENT – se pot face operatii asupra VLAN-urilor
dar modificarile nu se propaga inspre/dinspre Switch
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1. VLAN TRUNKING PROTOCOL

MODUL DE Se poate Se accepta Se trimit Unde se Se
LUCRU modifica modificarile mesaje salveaza forwardeaza
PENTRU VLAN VTP de la VTP la VLAN mesajele VTP
VTP database vecin ? modificari database ? primite ?
? locale ?

SERVER
Flash:
(modul DA DA DA DA
implicit) vlan.dat

CLIENT NU DA NU In RAM DA
Flash:
vlan.dat
(normal
range) si
TRANSPARENT DA NU NU running- DA
config
(extended-
range
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1. VLAN TRUNKING PROTOCOL

Se pot configura urmatoarele elemente:

Switch(config)#vtp mode [server/client/transparent]

Switch(config)#vtp domain [nume]

Switch(config)#vtp password [parola]

[nume] si [parola] sunt case-sensitive !

Verificarea functionarii :
Switch # show vtp status
Switch # show vtp password
Switch # show vtp counters
Switch # show interface trunk
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Sedinta 4 :

1. VLAN TRUNKING PROTOCOL

2. ETHERCHANNEL
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2. ETHERCHANNEL
• Dezavantaje pentru protocolul STP:
• Timp mare de convergenta – minim 30 secunde, maxim
50 secunde
• Indiferent de numarul de legaturi fizice intre doua
Switch-uri , algoritmul Spanning-Tree va folosi o singura
legatura = > folosire ineficienta a latimii de banda
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2. ETHERCHANNEL
• Dorim sa agregam mai multe link-uri fizice (intre 2 si 16)
intr-un singur link logic

• Efecte ale agregarii legaturilor:

• Marirea capacitatii legaturii:
• Maxim 8 x 100 mbps sau 8 x 1 gbps

• Stabilitatea topologiei STP (cat timp este up algoritmul

STP nu recalculeaza topologia ci doar ajusteaza costul
legaturii = >micsorarea timpului de convergenta

• Permite load balancing intre legaturile agregate , dupa

MAC sursa / MAC destinatie, IP sursa / IP destinatie, Port
Sursa / Port Destinatie
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2. ETHERCHANNEL
• Moduri de configurare:
A. DINAMIC

PAgP (Port Aggregation Protocol) – proprietar Cisco

• Se trimit frame-uri la fiecare 30 secunde la MAC

multicast 0100.0CCC.CCCC

• Exista doua moduri:

• DESIRABLE – se initiaza in mod activ formarea
legaturii portchannel
• AUTO – nu initiaza formarea legaturii dar accepta in
cazul in care celalalt Switch este configurat
desirable
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2. ETHERCHANNEL
• Moduri de configurare:
A. DINAMIC

LACP (Link Aggragation Control Protocol) – Standard IEEE

802.3ad (802.1ax)

• Se trimit frame-uri la MAC multicast 0180.C200.0002

• Exista tot doua moduri:

• ACTIVE – se initiaza in mod activ formarea legaturii
portchannel
• PASSIVE – nu initiaza formarea legaturii dar accepta
in cazul in care celalalt Switch este configurat
active

• PAGP Desirable este echivalent cu LACP Active

• PAGP Auto este echivalent cu LACP Passive
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2. ETHERCHANNEL
• Moduri de configurare:
B. STATIC

• On – nu se negociaza dinamic formarea legaturii

portchannel
• NU este compatibil nici cu PAGP nici cu LACP
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2. ETHERCHANNEL
• CONDITII NECESARE PENTRU FORMAREA LEGATURII
PORTCHANNEL:

• Interfetele care urmeaza a fi grupate trebuie sa fie de

acelasi tip (ori Fast ori GigabitEthernet)

• Interfetele trebuie sa aiba setat acelasi mod de operare

half/duplex si aceiasi viteza (speed)

• Toate interfetele sa faca parte din acelasi VLAN (doar

daca este vorba de porturi de tip Access)

• Toate interfetele sa aiba acelasi Range de VLAN-uri

permise + VLAN nativ identic (daca este vorba de
porturi de tip Trunk)

• Recomandare: Plasarea interfetelor in shutdown inainte de

configurarea Etherchannel
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2. ETHERCHANNEL
• Configurare si verificare – mod static

A(config)#interface range fa0/1-4 B(config)#interface range fa0/1-4

A(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode on B(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode on
A# show etherchannel summary B# show etherchannel summary
A#show etherchannel summary B#show etherchannel summary
Flags: D - down P - in port-channel Flags: D - down P - in port-channel
I - stand-alone s - suspended I - stand-alone s - suspended
H - Hot-standby (LACP only) H - Hot-standby (LACP only)
R - Layer3 S - Layer2 R - Layer3 S - Layer2
U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator
u - unsuitable for bundling u - unsuitable for bundling
w - waiting to be aggregated w - waiting to be aggregated
d - default port d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 1 Number of channel-groups in use: 1

Number of aggregators: 1 Number of aggregators: 1

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+------------------------------------- ------+-------------+-----------+------------------------------------

1 Po1(SU) - Fa0/13(P) Fa0/14(P) 1 Po1(SU) - Fa0/13(P) Fa0/14(P)

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2. ETHERCHANNEL
• Configurare si verificare – mod dinamic - PAgP

A(config)#interface range fa0/1-4 B(config)#interface range fa0/1-4

A(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode desirable B(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode
A# show etherchannel summary [desirable/auto]
B# show etherchannel summary
A#show etherchannel summary B#show etherchannel summary
Flags: D - down P - in port-channel Flags: D - down P - in port-channel
I - stand-alone s - suspended I - stand-alone s - suspended
H - Hot-standby (LACP only) H - Hot-standby (LACP only)
R - Layer3 S - Layer2 R - Layer3 S - Layer2
U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator
u - unsuitable for bundling u - unsuitable for bundling
w - waiting to be aggregated w - waiting to be aggregated
d - default port d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 1 Number of channel-groups in use: 1

Number of aggregators: 1 Number of aggregators: 1

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+------------------------------------------ ------+-------------+-----------+------------------------------------

1 Po1(SU) PAgP Fa0/13(P) Fa0/14(P) 1 Po1(SU) PAgP Fa0/13(P) Fa0/14(P)

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2. ETHERCHANNEL
• Configurare si verificare – mod dinamic - PAgP

A(config)#interface range fa0/1-4 B(config)#interface range fa0/1-4

A(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode active B(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode
A# show etherchannel summary [active/pasive]
B# show etherchannel summary
A#show etherchannel summary B#show etherchannel summary
Flags: D - down P - in port-channel Flags: D - down P - in port-channel
I - stand-alone s - suspended I - stand-alone s - suspended
H - Hot-standby (LACP only) H - Hot-standby (LACP only)
R - Layer3 S - Layer2 R - Layer3 S - Layer2
U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator
u - unsuitable for bundling u - unsuitable for bundling
w - waiting to be aggregated w - waiting to be aggregated
d - default port d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 1 Number of channel-groups in use: 1

Number of aggregators: 1 Number of aggregators: 1

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+------------------------------------------ ------+-------------+-----------+------------------------------------

1 Po1(SU) LACP Fa0/13(P) Fa0/14(P) 1 Po1(SU) LACP Fa0/13(P) Fa0/14(P)

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2. ETHERCHANNEL
• Vizualizare costuri agregate

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

-----------------------------------------------------------------
Po1 Desg FWD 12 128.27 Shr

Nr de link-uri Cost STP agregat

2 12
3 9
4 8
5 7
6 6
7 5
8 5
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2. ETHERCHANNEL
• Comenzi de verificare

A# show interface port-channel

A# show etherchannel summary

A# show etherchannel port-channel

A# show interface f0/13 etherchannel

• La configurare se utilizeaza comanda “channel-group” ,

interfetele se numesc “port-channel”, comenzile de
vizualizare utilizeaza cuvantul cheie “etherchannel”.