Capitolul 6

Cimentarea coloanelor

Cimentarea coloanei de ancoraj

Dg

ρn

Hc

ρp
h

D
Dg – diametrul gaurii de sonda pentru coloana de ancoraj
Di = D-2t = 339.7-2·9.65=320.4 mm
h = inaltimea inelului de retinere fata de siu = 20m

1. Adancimea de cimentare
Hc = Ha= 300 m

2. Densitatea pastei de ciment

ρpmin < ρp < ρpmax
ρpmin= ρnoroi + 200 kg/m3 =1150 + 200 = 1350 kg/m3

ρpmax= ρpfis – 200 kg/m3

ρpfis=Γfis / g = 18000/9.81 ≈1800 kg/m3

ρpmax = 1600 kg/m3
ρp nu va fi aleasa conform metodei anterioare, ci este impusa prin tema de proiect la
ρp = 1800 kg/m3
3. Volumul de pasta de ciment
kcav = 1,2
p p 2 p p 2
V p = Asi �
H a + Ai �
h= �
4
( Dg2 - D 2 ) �Hc + �
4
Di � (
h = �kcav �
4
)
Ds2a - D 2 �
Hc + �
4
Di �
h
p p
Vp = �
4
( 1, 2 �0, 44452 - 0,3397 2 ) � 300 + �
4
0,3204 2 �20 = 30.2 m3
4. Volumul fluidului de refulare

45
 p
Vn = k 2  Ai  ( H - h ) = k2   Di2  ( H a - h )
4
k2=1.03-coeficient de compresibilitate al noroiului
p
Vn = 1.03 � � ( 300 - 20 ) = 23.2 m3
0.32042 �
4
5. Cantitati de materiale

- cantitati unitare
 a = 1000 kg/m3
 c = 3150 kg/m3

v a + v c = 1m3 p.c.


v a   a + v c   c = 1  pc
vc = 1 - va

va 1000 + (1 - va )  3150 = 1 1800
- 2150  v a = -1350
v a = 0.628 m3 apa/m3 p.c.
v c = 1 - v a = 1 - 0.628 = 0.372 m3 cim/m3 p.c.
mc = v c   c = 0.372  3150 = 1172 kg cim/m3 p.c.

- cantitati totale
k3=1.05- coeficient de pierdere
M c = k3 mc �
V p = 1.05 � 30.2 = 37.16t
1172 �
Va = k3 va �
V p = 1.05 � 30.2 = 19.91m3 apa
0.628 �

6. Numarul de autocontainere
M c 23.26
N ac = = = 2.32 => N ac = 3ac
M ac 10
M ac = 10...12 tone
7. Numarul de agregate de cimentare

N ac 3
N agr = + 1 = + 1 = 3agregate
2 2

8. Volumul interior al coloanei

V p = 30.2 m3
p 2 p
Vicol = � Ha = �
Di � 300 = 24.17 m3
0.32042 �
4 4
V p > Vicol

46
Incepe pomparea

ρn

p p1 = pc
pd 1 = 0
V p1 = 0
pc=0.012H+16 = 19.6 bar
1~[0;19.6]
Pasta de ciment ajunge la siu

ρc

Ha
ρn

p p2 = pc + pd2 = pc + (  n -  pc ) ��
g H = 19.6 + ( -19.1) = 0.5 bar
pd2 = (  n -  p ) ��
g H a = ( 1150 - 1800 ) � 300 = -19.1 bar
9.81�
p 2
V p2 = Vicol =
�Di �H a = 24.17 m3
4
2~[24.17;0.5]
S-a pompat intreaga cantitate de pasta de ciment

47
 ρn

hd3

ρpc
x

V p - Vicol 30.2 - 24.17

x= = = 93.46
p m
Asi
4
�( 0.4445 - 0.3397 )
2 2

hd3 = H a - x = 300 - 93.46 = 206.5 m

p p3 = pc + pd3
pd3 = (  n -  p ) ��
g hd3 = ( 1150 - 1800 ) � 206.5 = -13.1 bar
9,81�
p p3 = pc + pd3 = 19.6 - 13.1 = 6.5 bar
V3 = V p = 30.2 m3
3~[30.2;6.5]

Sfarsitul operatiei de cimentare

p p4 = pc + pd4 = pmax
pd4 = (  pc - n ) ��
g hd4 = ( 1800 - 1150 ) � 280 = 17.85 bar
9.81�
hd4 = H a - h = H c - h = 300 - 20 = 280 m
p p4 = pc + pd4 = 19.6 + 17.85 = 37.45 bar
V4 = V p + Vn = 30.2 + 23.2 = 53.4 m3
4~[53.4;37.45]

48
9.Alegerea agregatelor de cimentare:

Se alege AC-350A cu caracteristicile din urmatorul tabel:

Viteza p a , bar Qa , l / min Qareal , l / min

I 210 372 297.6
II 110 700 560
III 60 1265 1012

QIa real = 297.6 l/minut

10. Durata operatiei de cimentare

Tc = Tp + Td + Tn
Td = 15 min
V p + Vn 103
53.4 �
Tp + Tn = = = 179.4 min
QaIreal 297.6
Tc = 15 + 179.4 = 194.4 min

11. Timpul de pompabilitate

Tpmin = 1.5 Tc = 291 min

Tpmax = 1.5 Tpmin = 437min

49
 Cimentarea coloanei intermediare

200m
Ha

Hi

1. Adancimea de cimentare

Hc = Hi-Ha+200 = 1560-300+200 = 1460 m

2. Densitatea pastei de ciment

ρpmin < ρp < ρpmax
ρpmin= ρnoroi + 200 kg/m3 =1250 + 200 = 1450 kg/m3

ρpmax= ρ’pmax – 200 kg/m3

p fisi -  ni g ( H i - H c )
290.76 � 105 - 1250 �
9.81�(1560 - 1460)
 'p max = = = 1944 kg/m3
gH c 9.81�
1460
ρpmax = 1634 kg/m3
 pc = 1700 kg/m3 < 1750 kg/m3 => 3 componenti (apa+ciment+cenusa)

3. Volumul de pasta de ciment

kcav = 1,2
V p = Aen �
( H i - H a ) + Aet �
[ H c - ( H i - H a )] + Ai �
h
p p p
Aen =
4
(
� Dg2 - Di 2 ) = �
4
( Dsi2 - Di 2 ) = �
kcav �
4
( 1.2 �0.31122 - 0.24452 ) = 0.0443m2
p p
Aet = �
4
( Dia2 - Di 2 ) = �
4
(0.32042 - 0.24452 ) = 0.03366m 2

p p
Ai = � Dii = � 0.22442 = 0.03952m 2
4 4
V p = 0.0443 � (1560 - 300) + 0.03366 � 200 + 0.03952 � 20 = 63.3 m3

4. Volumul fluidului de refulare

50
 p
Vn = k 2  Ai  ( H - h ) = k2   Di2  ( H a - h )
4
p
Vn = 1.03 � � ( 1560 - 20 ) = 62.7 m3
0.22442 �
4
5. Cantitati de materiale

Densitatea pastei de ciment este inferioara valorii de 1750 kg/m 3 si o vom considera o pasta
usoara ce va fi preparata din apa, ciment si cenusa.

a. cantitati unitare
 a = 1000 kg/m3
 c = 3150 kg/m3
 cenusa = 1800 kg/m3
 vx   x
 m 0 =
vc   c

vc + va + v x = 1
v   + v   + v   = 1  
c c a a x x p


[(1 + m) + (1 + m1 )m0 ]   a   c   x
p =
(  a + m c )   x + (  a + m1  x )m0   c
 x (a   p + m   p  c - a  c  m - a  c )
m0 =
 c (  a   x +  a   x  m1 -  p   a - m1   c   p )

m0 = 0.03

m0  v c   c
vx =
x

m0  v c   c
va = 1 - vc -
x

m0  v c   c   a
vc   c +  a - vc   a - + m0  v c   c = 1   p
x

m0   c   a
vc  (  c -  a - + m0   c ) =  p -  a
x

 p - a 1700 - 1000
vc = = = 0.405
m0   c   a 0.03  3150  1000
c - a - + m0   c 3150 - 1000 + - 0.03  3150
x 1800
0.03  0.405  3150
va = 1 - 0.405 - = 0.5748
1800
v x = 1 - 0.405 - 0.575 = 0.020

mc = vc   c = 0.405  3150 = 1275.75 kg ciment / 1 m3 p.c.

51
 mx = v x   x = 0.020 1800 = 36 kg cenusa / 1 m3 p.c.

Cantitati totale
M c = mc �
Vp = 1275.75 �
63.3 = 80754 kg = 80.75 t

M x = mx �
V p = 36 �
63.3 = 2278 kg = 2.27 t

Va = va �
V p = 0.575 �
63.3 = 36.4 m3 apa

Numarul autocontainerelor:
M + M x 80.75 + 2.27
N autcontnc = c = = 8.3 N ac = 9ac
M autoc 10
6. Numarul de agregate de cimentare:
N ac 9
N agr = + 1 = + 1 = 5.5
2 2
Alegem Nagreg= 6

7. Presiunea de pompare
V p = 63.3 m3
p 2 p
Vicol = � Hi = �
Dii � 1560 = 61.6 m3
0, 22442 �
4 4
V p > Vicol
p p = pc + pd
pc = 0.012 �H i + 16 = 0.012 �1560 + 16 = 34.7 bar
p c = const
Incepe pomparea

p p1 = pc
pd 1 = 0
V p1 = 0
1~[0;34.7]

Pasta de ciment ajunge la siu

52
 p p2 = pc + pd2 = pc + (  n -  pc ) ��
g H = 34.7 - 68.8 = -34.1 bar
pd2 = (  n -  p ) ��
g H i = ( 1250 - 1700 ) � 1560 = -68.8 bar
9.81�
p 2
V p2 = Vicol =�Di �H a = 61.6 m3
4
2~[61.6;-34.1]

S-a pompat intreaga cantitate de pasta de ciment

V p - Vicol 63.3 - 61.6

x= = = 38.3m
p
Aen
4
� ( 1.2 �0.3112 - 0.2445 )
2 2

p p p
Aen = �
4
( Dg2 - Di 2 ) = �
4
( Dsi2 - Di 2 ) = �
kcav �
4
( 1.2 �0.31122 - 0.24452 ) = 0.0443m2
hd3 = H i - x = 1560 - 38.3 = 1521.7 m

53
 p p3 = pc + pd3
pd3 = (  n -  p ) ��
g hd3 = ( 1250 - 1700 ) � 1521.7 = -67.1 bar
9,81�
p p3 = pc + pd3 = 34.7 - 67.1 = -32.4 bar
V3 = V p = 63.3 m3
3~[63.3;-32.4]

Sfarsitul operatiei de cimentare

p p4 = pc + pd4 = pmax
pd4 =  p ��
g ( H c - h) +  n ��
g ( H i - H c ) -  n ��
g ( H i - h)
pd4 = 1700 � (1460 - 20) + 1250 �
9.81� (1560 - 1460) - 1250 �
9.81� (1560 - 20)
9.81�
p p4 = pc + pd4 = 34.7 + 63.5 = 98.2 bar
V4 = V p + Vn = 63.3 + 62.7 = 126 m3
4~[126;63.5]

54
9.Alegerea agregatelor de cimentare

Se alege AC-350A cu caracteristicile din urmatorul tabel:

Viteza p a , bar Qa , l / min Qareal , l / min

I 210 372 297.6
II 110 700 560
III 60 1265 1012

QIa real = 297.6 l/minut

10. Durata operatiei de cimentare

Tc = Tp + Td + Tn
Td = 15 min
V p + Vn (63.3 + 62.7) �
103
Tp + Tn = = = 423.3min
QaIreal 297.6
Tc = 15 + 423.3 = 438.3min

11. Timpul de pompabilitate

Tpmin = 1.5 Tc =657.5 min

Tpmax = 1.5 Tpmin = 986.3min

Cimentarea coloanei de exploatare

55
De = 7 in = 177.8mm
tmed = 7.52 mm
Deimed = 162.76mm
H = He = Hsd = 2260m
Di = 9 5/8 in = 244.5mm
Hi = 1560m
Dse = 215.9mm
Hc = H - Hi+200m = 2260-1560+200 = 900m
k1 = kcav = 1.2
h = 20m
Γfis = 1.8 bar/10m
Hs = He=2260m
ρne = 1100 kg/m3
ηpn = 20cP = 20·10-3 N·s/m2
τ0 =5N/m2
pia = 628.8 bar

1. Adancimea de cimentare

Hc = H - Hi+200m = 2260-1560+200 = 900m

2. Densitatea pastei de ciment si proprietatile reologice ale pastei

 p min   p   p max
 pmin = n + ( 100...300 ) = 1100 + 200 = 1300 kg/m3
p fis =  fis  H s =  p fis  g   H s - ( H - H c )  +  n  g  ( H - H c )
 fis  H s -  n  g  ( H - H c )
 p fis =
g  Hs - ( H - Hc )
105
1.8 �
�2260 - 1100 � ( 2260 - 900 )
9.81 �
= 10
3
 p fis = 2945 kg/m
9.81��
�2260 - ( 2260 - 900 ) �
�
 pmax =  p fis - 200 = 2945 - 200 = 2745 kg/m3
1300kg/m3 =  pmin   p   pmax = 2745 kg/m3
Se alege  p = 2000 kg/m3
Ciment S2:
ηpp = 316.01·ρp – 522.85 = 316.01·2 – 522.85 = 109 cP = 109·10-3 N·s/m2
τ0p = 213.08·ρp – 370.19 = 213.08·2 – 370.19 = 56 N/m2
ηp = 900·ρp2 – 3050·ρp -2602= 900·4 – 3050·2-2602 = -5012
vom utiliza ηp= 0.3·ηpn = 7.5 cP = 7.5·10-3 N·s/m2
τ0p = 213.08·ρp – 370.19 = 213.08·2 – 370.19 = 55.97 N/m2

3. Volumul pastei de ciment

V p = Aen  ( H - H i ) + Aet   H c - ( H - H i )  + Ai  h

56
 p p
Aen =  ( Dg2 - D 2 ) =  ( 0.1739 2 - 0.127 2 ) = 0.011083 m2
4 4
Dgnetubata = k1  Ds = 1,2  0.15875 = 173.9 mm
D = 127mm
p p
Aet =  ( Diim - D ) =  ( 0.168282 - 0.1272 ) = 0.009573 m2
2 2

4 4
p p
Ai =  Di = ( 0.1109 2 ) = 0.019318 m2
2

4 4
Di = D - 2  t = 110 .9 mm
V p = 0.011083  ( 4450 - 3400) + 0.009573 1250 - ( 4450 - 3400)  + 0.019318 20 = 13.94 m3

4. Cantitati de materiale
- unitare

v a + v c = 1

v a   a + v c   c = 1  pc
 p -  a 2000 - 1000
vc = = = 0.465 m3ciment/1m3pasta
 c -  a 3150 - 1000
v a = 1 - v c = 1 - 0.465 = 0.535 m3apa/1m3pasta
qc = v c   c = 0.465  3150 = 1464.75 kg ciment/1m3pasta

- totale

k2 = 1.05 (coeficient de pierdere de ciment)

M c = k 2  qc  V p = 1.05 1464.75 13.94 = 21439 kg = 21.4t
Va = k 2  v a  Vp = 1.05  0.535 13.94 = 7.83 m3

5. Numarul de autocontainere cu capacitate de 10 tone

Mc 21.4
nac = = = 2.14
M ac 10
nac = 3

6. Volumul dopului de ciment separator cu o inaltime in spatial inelar de 200m

Vs = Aet  hs = 0.009573  200 = 1.9146 m3
Vs = Aen  hs = 0.011083  200 = 2.2166 m3
1750kg/m 3 =  n   s   p = 2000 kg/m3
Se alege  s = 1900 kg/m3
 ps = 30 10 -3 Ns/m2
 0 s = 6 N/m2
7. Volumul fluidului de refulare
k 3 = 1,03 (coeficientul de compresibilitate al noroiului)
Vnr = k3  Ai  ( H - h ) = 1.03  0.019318 ( 4450 - 20) = 88.14 m3
8. Volumul interior al colanei

57
 Vicol = Ai  H = 0.019318  4450 = 85.97 m3
Vicol > V p

9. Debitul de pasta si debitul de noroi

Agregate de cimentare ACF – 700

d p = 100 mm
v = 80%

Viteza Qagr , l/min Qagr-real = 0.8·Qagr pa, bar

6 555 444 60
7 753 602.4 120

602.4
Qagrreal = 602.4l / min = = 10.04 l/s
60
Qagrreal = 10 l/s
Doua autocontainere la un agregat de cimentare.
Qp 20
nagr = = =2
Qagrreal 10
n agr = 2
Q p = 2  Qagrreal = 2  10 = 20 l/s
Q p = 20 l/s

  ( Dg - D )   p 56  ( 0.1739 - 0.127 ) 2  2000

2

He = 0 p = = 20735 numarul Hedstrom

 pp
2
(109 10-3 ) 2
Re cr = 4000
 pp  Recr 109 10-3  4000
v cr =
( Dg - D )   p ( 0.1739 - 0.127)  2000 = 4.648 m/s
=

Qn = Qcr = Aen  v cr = 0.011083  4.648 = 0.0195 m3/s = 195 l/s

Pentru curgerea turbulenta se limiteaza valoarea lui Qn.
Qn = 30 l/s
Se admite: Vs = 3,04 m3 Qs = 10 l/s (un agregat)
V p = 15,84 m 3 Q p = 20 l/s (doua agregate)
Vn = 82 m 3 Qn = 30 l/s
v2 l
p =    
2 d echiv
 =  ( Re, Bi )
v  d echiv  
Re =
p
 d
Bi = 0 echiv
v  p

58
 10. Viteze de curgere
Qp 20 10 -3
 v
interior: - pasta de ciment: p A
i = = = 1.04 m/s
ip 0.019318
Qs 10 10 -3
- fluid separator: v i = = = 0.52 m/s
s
Ai 0.019318

Qn 30 10 -3
- fluid de refulare: vi = = = 1,56 m/s
n
Ai 0.019318
Aen  ( H - H i ) + Aet  H i 0.011083  ( 4450 - 3400 ) + 0.009573  3400
Aemed = = = 0.00993 m2
H 4450
Dg  ( H - H i ) + Dii  H i 0.1739  ( 4450 - 3400) + 0.16828  3400
Demed = = = 0.1696 m
H 4450
Demed - D = 170 - 127 = 43 mm

Qp 20 10 -3
 exterior: - pasta de ciment: v ep = Aemed
=
0.00993
= 2.014 m/s

Q 10 10-3
- fluid separator: v e = A = 0.00993 = 1.007 m/s
s
s
e med

Qn 30 10 -3
- fluid de refulare: v en = = = 3.021 m/s
Aemed 0.00993
11. Presiunea la manifold
pm = 0.7 + 10    Q 2
pm = 0.7 + 10 1750  (30 10-3 / 2) 2 = 4.64 bar
pm = 0.7 + 10  2000  (20 10-3 / 2) 2 = 2.7 bar
pm = 0.7 + 10 1900  (10 10-3 / 2) 2 = 1.175 bar

Nota: debitul se imparte la 2 deoarece se folosesc doua conducte colectoare pana

la capul de cimentare.

Debitul l/s 10 20 30
Spatiul -- Interior Exterior Interior Exterior Interior Exterior
Viteza m/s 0.52 1.007 1.04 2.014 1.56 3.021
Fluid de Re 4037 7817 8074 15635 12110 23452
foraj
Bi 43 22 21 11 14 7
Regim Laminar Laminar Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent
λ 0.083 0.07 0.027 0.028 0.017 0.015
pm 1.1375 2.45 4.6375
Fluid Re 3652 7073 7305 14146 10957 21218
separator

59
 Bi 43 22 21 11 14 7
Regim Laminar Laminar Laminar Laminar Turbulent Turbulent
λ 0.185 0.15 0.054 0.043 0.028 0.028
pm 1.175 2.6 4.975
Pasta de Re 1058 2049 2116 4098 3174 6147
ciment
Bi 110 57 55 28 37 19
Regim Laminar Laminar Laminar Laminar Laminar Laminar
λ 1.2 0.78 0.29 0.28 0.15 0.12
pm 1.2 2.7 5.2

60
 Lungimi de fluide Presiunea
Interior Exterior
Momentul Debitul pp pcap-col pfis-strat
ln ls lp hn hs hp

--- l/s M M m m M m Bar Bar bar

1.Incepe
pomparea
10 4450 0 0 4450 0 0 18,09 16,99 422,68
fluidului
separator

2.Sfarsitul
pomparii
10 4045 405 0 4450 0 0 10,95 9,85 422,68
fluidului
separator

3.Incepe
pomparea
20 4045 405 0 4450 0 0 30,43 27,73 430,29
pastei de
ciment

4.Sfarsitul
pomparii pastei 20 3323 405 722 4450 0 0 2,7 0 430,29
de ciment

5.Incepe
pomparea
30 3323 405 722 4450 0 0 3,175 0 434,42
noroiului de
refulare

6.Pasta de
ciment ajunge 30 3661 0 789 4250 200 0 3,175 0 434,42
la siu

7.Sfarsitul
operatiei de 30 4430 0 20 3000 200 1250 247,78 244,61 621,62
cimentare

61
 Vs 7.83
ls = = = 405 m (interior)
Ai 0.019318
Vp 13.94
lp = = = 722 m (interior)
Ai 0.019318
ln = 4450 - ( l p + ls ) = 4450 - (405 + 722) = 3323 m (interior)

Pasta ajunge la siu.

Vs 7.83
ls = = = 789 m (exterior)
Aemed 0.00993
hs = 200 m
ln = 4450 - 789 = 3661 m (interior)
hn = 4450 - 200 = 4250 m (exterior)

Sfarsitul operatiei de cimentare.

hs = 200 m (exterior)
hp = H c = 1250 m (exterior)
hn = 4450 - 200 - 1250 = 3000 m (exterior)
ln = 4450 - 20 = 4430 m (interior)
l p = 20 m

 Incepe pomparea fluidului separator

ρn

pfis1

V1 = 0
Q1 = 10 l/s
p p1 = pc1 + pd1 + pm1s
pd 1 = 0
pm1s = 1.1 bar
pc1 = pc1int + pc1ext
v in2 ln 1.56 2 4450
pc1 int = int n     n = 0.083    1750  10-5 = 70.91 bar
2 d ech 2 0.1109

62
 2
v en hn 3.0212 4450
pc1ext = extn     n = 0.07    1750  10 -5 = 710.7 bar
2 Demed - D 2 0.035
Dg  ( H - H i ) + Dii  H i 0.15875  ( 4450 - 3800) + 0.16275  3800
Demed = = = 0.162 m
H 4450

Demed - D = 0.035
p p1 = 78.96 + 1.1 = 80.06 bar
pcapul.coloanei1 = p p1 - pm1s = 80.06 - 1.1 = 78.96 bar
2
ven Hs
p fis1 = p 'fis1 + p 'fis' 1 =  n  g  H s + ext n    n
2 Demed - D
1.007 2 4450
p fis1 = 1750  9,81  4450  10 -5 + 0.07    1750  10 -5 = 808.59 bar
2 0.035

 Sfarsitul pomparii fluidului separator

V2 = Vs = 7.83 m3
Q2 = 10 l/s
p p2 = pc2 + pd 2 + pm 2 s
pd2 = (  n -  s )  g  ls = (1750 - 1900)  9.81  405  10 -5 = -5.95 bar
pm 2s = pm1s = 1.1 bar
pc 2 = pc 2 int + pc 2 ext
vis2 ls v2 l
pc 2 int = int s     s + int n  in  n   n
2 Di 2 Di
2
152 0,52 3848
pc2 int = 0.185    1600  10-5 + 0,083    1100  10-5 = 4,01 bar
2 0,12344 2 0,12344
2
v en hn 0,689 2 4000
p c2 ext = extn     n = 0,07    1100  10 -5 = 13,29 bar
2 Demed - D 2 0,055

p p2 = 4,01 + 13,29 - 7,45 + 1,1 = 10,95 bar

63
 p capul.coloanei2 = p p2 - p m 2 s = 10,95 - 1,1 = 9,85
p fis2 = p fis1 = 422,68 bar

 Incepe pomparea pastei de ciment

V3 = Vs = 3,04 m3
Q3 = 20 l/s
p p3 = pc3 + pd 3 + pm 3 p
p d 3 = p d 2 = -7,45 bar
p m 3 p = 2,7 bar
v is2 ls v2 l v2 l
pc 3 = int s     s + int n  in  n   n + extn  en  n   n
2 Di 2 Di 2 Di
 12 152 12 3848 12 4000 
p c3 =  0,054    1600 + 0,027    1100 + 0,028    1100  = 26,46 bar
 2 0,12344 2 0,12344 2 0,051 
p p3 = 26,46 - 7,45 + 2,7 = 21,71 bar
p capul .coloanei 3 = p p3 - p m 3 p = 21,71 - 2,7 = 19,01 bar
2
v en Hs
p fis 3 = p 'fis 3 + p 'fis' 3 =  n  g  H s + extn    n
2 Demed - D
1,379 2 3800
p fis3 = 1100  9,81  3800  10 -5 + 0,028    1100  10 -5 = 430,29 bar
2 0,055

 Sfarsitul pomparii pastei de ciment

64
 V4 = V p + Vs = 15,84 + 3,04 = 18,88 m3
Q4 = 20 l/s
p p 4 = pc 4 + pd 4 + pm 4 p
 
p d 4 = (  n -  p )  g  l p + (  n -  s )  g  l s = (1100 - 2000)  9,81  792 + (1100 - 1600)  9,81  152  10 -5
pd 4 = -77,38 bar
p m 4 = p m3 = 2,7 bar
p p

2
v lp 2
v ls v2 l v2 hn
pc 4 = int p  
ip
  p + int s  
is
  s + int n  in  n   n + extn  en   n
2 Di 2 Di 2 Di 2 De med - D
12 792 12 152 12 3056
p c4 = 0,29    2000 + 0,054    1600 + 0,027    1100 +
2 0,12344 2 0,12344 2 0,12344
1,379 2 4000
+ 0,028    1100 = 44,113 bar
2 0,055
p p4 = 44,11 - 77,38 + 2,7 = -30,56 bar
p capul .coloanei 4 = 44,11 - 77,38 = -33,26 bar
p fis4 = p fis3 = 430,29 bar

 Incepe pomparea noroiului de refulare

V5 = V4 = 18,88 m3

65
 Q5 = 30 l/s
p p5 = pc5 + pd 5 + pm 5 n
p d5 = p d 4 = -77,38 bar
p m5 n = 3,175 bar
vip2 l p v2 l v2 l v2 hn
pc5 = int p     p + int s  is  s   s + int n  in  n   n + extn  en   n
2 Di 2 Di 2 Di 2 Demed - D

1,5 2 792 1,5 2 152 1,5 2 3056

p c5 = 0,15    2000 + 0,028    1600 + 0,017    1100 +
2 0,12344 2 0,12344 2 0,12344
2,068 2 4000
+ 0,015    1100 = 53,14 bar
2 0,055
p p5 = 53,14 - 77,38 + 3,175 = -21,26 bar
p capul .coloanei5 = 53,14 - 77,38 = -24,24 bar
2
v en Hs
p fis 5 = p 'fis 5 + p 'fis' 5 =  n  g  H s + ext n    n
2 Demed - D
2,068 2 3800
p fis5 = 1100  9,81  3800  10 -5 + 0,015    1100  10 -5 = 434,42 bar
2 0,055

 Pasta de ciment ajunge la siu

V6 = Vint col = 80 m3
Q6 = 30 l/s
p p 6 = pc6 + pd 6 + pm 6
p d 6 = (  s -  p )  g  hs + (  n -  p )  g  ( l p - hs )
p d 6 =  (1600 - 2000)  9,81  200 + (1100 - 2000)  9,81  ( 792 - 200)   10 -5 = -60,11 bar
p m 6 = 3,175 bar
vin2 ln v2 l v2 l v2 hn
pc6 = int n     n + int p  ip  p   p + int s  is  s   s + extn  en   n
2 Di 2 Di 2 Di 2 Demed - D

1,5 2 3208 1,5 2 792 2,0682 200

p c6 = 0,017    1100  10 -5 + 0,15    2000  10 -5 + 0,028    1600  10 -5 +
2 0,12344 2 0,12344 2 0,055

66
 2,068 2 3800
+ 0,015    1100  10 -5 = 54,98 bar
2 0,055
p p6 = 54,98 - 60,11 + 3,175 = -1,95 bar
p capul.coloanei6 = 54,98 - 60,11 = -5,13 bar
p fis6 = p fis5 = 434,42 bar

 Sfarsitul operatiei de cimentare

V7 = V p + V s + Vn = 3,04 + 15,84 + 82 = 100,88 m3

Q7 = 30 l/s
p p7 = pc7 + pd 7 + pm 7 n
pd 7 = (  p -  n )  g + ( H c - h ) + (  s - n )  g  hs
p d7 =  ( 2000 - 1100 )  9,81  (1200 - 20) + (1600 - 1100 )  9,81  200  10 -5 = 114 bar
p m 7 = 3,175 bar
2
v2
l v lp v2 l v2 hn
pc7 = int n  in
 n   n + int p     p + int s  is  s   s + extn  en 
ip
 n
2 Di 2 Di 2 Di 2 Demed - D

1,5 2 3980 1,5 2 20 2,068 2 1200

pc7 = 0,017    1100  10 -5 + 0,15    2000  10 -5 + 0,12    2000  10 -5 +
2 0,12344 2 0,12344 2 0,055
2,068 2 200 2,068 2 1600
+ 0,028    1600  10 -5 + 0,025    1100  10 -5 = 139,45 bar
2 0,055 2 0,055
p p7 = 139,45 + 114 + 3,175 = 256,6 bar
p capul .coloanei 7 = 139,45 + 114 = 253,45bar
2
v ep H - 200 v2 hs
p fis 7 =  p  g  ( H c - 200) +  s  g  hs +  n  g  hn + ext p   c   p + exts  es   s +
2 Demed - D 2 Demed - D
2
v en hn
+ ext n    n
2 Demed - D
p fis7 = 2000  9,81  (1200 - 200)  10 -5 + 1600  9,81  200  10 -5 + 1100  9,81  2600  10 -5 +

67
 2,068 2 1000 2,068 2 200 2,068 2 2600
+ 0,12    2000  10 -5 + 0,028    1600  10 -5 + 0,015    1100  10 -5
2 0,055 2 0,055 2 0,055
p fis7 = 621,62 bar

 Durata operatiei de cimentare

Vp Vn 15,84 82
Tc = + + 15 min = + + 15 = 73,7 min
Qp Qn 20  10  60 30  10 -3  60
-3

Vs 3,04
Ts = = = 5 min
Qs 10  10 -3  60

Tc = 73,7 + 5 = 79 min
T pmin = 1,5  Tc = 1,5  79 = 120 min
T pmax = 1,5  T pmin = 1,5  120 = 180 min

Variatia presiunii de pompare cu volumul pompat

Variatia debitului cu volumul pompat

68
 V,m3 Q,l/s
0 10
3,04 10
3,04 20
18,88 20
18,88 30
100,88 30

Variatia presiunii de strat cu volumul pompat

p fisH s = H s   fis
Odata ce se atinge aceasta presiune trebuie sa se reduca debitul.

69