Fise Lucru A8a

114 fişe de lucru
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1. Prezentaţi rolul pe care l-au avut Carpaţii ỉn istorie.
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2. Izvoare istorice.Exemplificaţi!
Izvoare scrise Izvoare nescrise
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3. Numiţi şi prezentaţi 5 ştiinţe auxiliare ale istoriei.Comentaţi importanţa acestora.
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4. Realizaţi o diagramặ Venn pe tema Paleolitic/Neolitic ỉn România
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5. Ỉn ce a constat “Revoluţia neoliticặ” ?
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6. Epocile istorice!
Epoci istorice Caracteristici
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7. Realizaţi o diagramặ Venn pe tema Epoca pietrei/Epoca metalelor
8. Numiţi 6 triburi geto-dacice şi aria lor de rặspândire.
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9. Construiţi câte o frazặ cu urmặtorii termeni : vicus, dava, limes, tarabostes
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10. Realizaţi un ciorchine plecând de la tema Spiritualitatea geto-dacilor
11. Fişặ de lucru
“ Se spune cặ un get pe numele Zalmoxis ar fi sclavul lui Pitogara şi cặ ar fi deprins de la acesta
cunoştinţe astronomice, iar o altặ parte ar fi deprins-o de la egipteni, cặci cutreierặrile sale l-ar
fii dus pânặ acolo. (…) Mai ỉntâi, s-ar fi fặcut preot al zeului cel mai slặvit la ei, iar dupặ aceea
a primit şi numele de zeu, petrecându-şi viaţa ỉntro peşterặ.”
STRABON, Geographia
a) Stabiliţi rolul pe care l-a deţinut Zalmoxis ỉn spiritualitatea geto-dacilor
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b) Notaţi alte douặ zeitặţi din panteonul geto-dac
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c) Cine a fost cel mai renumit slujitor al cultului zalmoxian ?
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12. Prezentaţi politica internặ a lui Burebista.
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13. Enumerặ teritoriile supuse de Burebista prin forţặ.
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14. Numiţi 5 cetặţi din complexul de fortificaţii din munţii Orặştiei.
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“ Boerebistas, bặrbat get, luând conducerea neamului sau a ridicat pe oamenii aceştia ticặloşiţi
de nesfârşitele rặzboaie i-a ỉndreptat prin abstinenţặ şi sobrietate şi ascultare de porunci, aşa
ỉncât ỉn câţiva ani a ỉntemeiat o mare stặpânire şi a supus geţilor cea mai mare parte din
populaţiile vecine; ba a ajuns sặ fie temut chiar de romani. “
STRABON, Geographia
a) Notaţi anii domniei lui Burebista
b) Care a fost rolul preotului Deceneu ỉn timpul domniei lui Burebista?
c) Notaţi semnificaţia numelui Burebista
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16. Prezentaţi ỉn 15 rânduri statul dac ỉn timpul lui Decebal.
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17. Realizaţi un ciorchine pe tema Primul rặzboi daco-roman 101-102
18. Comentaţi condiţiile pặcii dupặ primul rặzboi daco-roman.
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19. Realizaţi o floare de lotus având ca tema Al doilea rặzboi daco roman 105-106
G
F
B D
H
E
A
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20. Ce cunoştinţe astronomice deţineau geto-dacii ?
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21.Care sunt cele mai reprezentative izvoare ale domniei regelui Decebal?
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22.Realizaţi un afiş(poster) cu tema Civilizaţia geto-dacilor , afiş care sặ cuprindặ imagini
semnificative ale arhitecturii religioase, cultul Zamolxian, cetặţile geto-dacice, murus
dacicus, citate (Herodot, Strabon) referitoare la geto-daci, portul, tradiţiile,ierarhia
socialặ ;rặzboaiele daco-romane.
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Sugestie metodicặ !!!
Profesorul poate propune clasei realizarea unui joc de rol.Elevii se vor informa ỉn legặturặ cu
cele mai interesante legende şi tradiţii din cadrul civilizaţiei geto-dacilor pe care le pot
transpune sub forma unor şcenete.(Vor realiza costume şi recuzitặ invitând profesorii clasei la
o lecţie deschisặ)
23. Folosind metoda explozie stelara dezbateţi, ỉn scris, tema Dacia provincie romanặ
Cum?
Cine?
Când? tema Unde?
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“ Cu greu poate fi gasit cineva mai strặlucit ỉn timp de pace sau ỉn timp de rặzboi.Ỉntr-adevar,
el ca primul sau chiar singurul a extins stặpânirea romana dincolo de Dunare, supunând şi
transformând ỉntro provincie romana pe daci, care purtau <<pileus>>, şi numeroase neamuri,
precum şi pe regele Decebal, ca şi pe sardoni … iar ỉntre timp s-a facut printre neamurile
sặlbatice un drum pe care se merge mai uşor de la Marea Neagrặ pânặ ỉn Galia.Ỉn locurile mai
periculoase şi totodatặ potrivite au fost construite castele militare; peste Dunare s-a fặcut un
pod şi au fost ỉnfiinţate multe colonii”
Aurelius Victor, <<Cezarii.Despre Dacia>>, sec.IV d.Hr
a) Cum se numeşte ỉmpặratul roman la care face referire textul de mai sus?
b) Unde a fost construit podul peste Dunare şi care este numele celui care l-a proiectat?
c) Notaţi numele antic al Mặrii Negre
d) Definiţi romanizarea
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25. Numiţi si analizaţi principalii factori ai romanizarii.
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26. Daţi 5 exemple de oraşe romane construite ỉn noua provincie Dacia.
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27. Teoria imigraţionistặ a lui Robert Roesler a avut mai mulţi precursori dar şi
combatanţi.Numiţi-i.
Pro teorie Contra teorie
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28. Continuitatea daco-romanặ
Argumente pro Argumente contra
29. Care sunt cele mai utilizate cuvinte dacice din limba româna?
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30. Daţi 5 exemple de dovezi paleocreştine descoperite pe teritoriul actual al României.
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31. Demonstraţi care au fost principalele consecinţe ale migraţiilor pe teritoriul actual al
României.
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32. Daţi 6 exemple de popoare migratoare.
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33. Când şi cum a luat naştere limba românặ ?
34. Notaţi sursele şi denumirile românilor ỉn izvoarele medievale.
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35. Realizaţi o diagramặ Venn pe tema Saşii şi Secuii
36. Care au fost motivele colonizặrii saşilor şi privilegiile acordate acestora de regele maghiar
Andrei al II lea ?
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37. Notaţi numele celor trei formaţiuni politice româneşti descrise ỉn Gesta Hungarorum.
Unde erau plasate acestea?
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38. Tipuri de autonomii româneşti existente ỉntre secolele IX – XIII
Tipuri de autonomii româneşti Izvoare istorice ỉn care apar
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39. Construiţi câte o frazặ cu urmặtorii termeni din istoria românilor : cnezat, voievodat,
“ţarặ”, “ocoale”
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40. Menţionaţi organizarea Transilvaniei ỉn secolul al XIII lea.
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41. Notaţi numele celor 7 comitate maghiare.
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42. Prezentaţi formarea statului medieval Ţara Româneascặ.
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43. Prezentaţi formarea statului medieval Moldova.
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44. Realizaţi o diagramặ Venn pe tema Formarea statului medieval Ţara Româneasca /
Moldova
45. Ce importanţa deţine documentul intitulat Diploma cavalerilor ioaniţi?
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46. Semnificaţia luptei de la Posada.
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47. Prezentaţi evoluţia Dobrogei ỉn secolul al XIV lea
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48. Caracterizaţi instituţia medievalặ numitặ Domnie.
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49. Caracterizaţi instituţia medievalặ numita Biserica.
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50. Menţionaţi principalele dregặtorii din Ţara Româneascặ şi Moldova şi atribuţiile acestora.
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51. Realizaţi un ciorchine plecând de la tema Politica internặ a lui Mircea cel Bặtrân
Politica internặ a lui

Mircea cel Bặtrân
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“ Io, Mircea, mare voievod şi domn cu mila lui Dumnezeu stặpânind toatặ Ţara Ungrovlahiei şi
pặrţile de peste munţi, ỉnca şi pre pặrţile tặtặreşti şi herteg al Amlaşului şi Fặgặraşului şi domn
al Banatului Severinului şi de amândouặ pặrţile peste toatặ Podunavia, ỉncặ pânặ la Marea cea
Mare şi singur stặpânitor al Cetặţii Dârstor”
Titlul domnesc al lui Mircea cel Bặtrân
a) Ce posesiuni mai deţinea Mircea ỉn afara celor din titulatura sa?
b) Din punct de vedere strategic, ce rol deţinea cetatea Dârstor?
c) Precizaţi tratatele comerciale ỉncheiate de Mircea cel Bặtrân.
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53. Folosind metoda explozie stelarặ, dezbateţi ỉn scris tema Politica externặ a lui
Mircea cel Bặtrân
Cum?
Când? tema
Unde? Cine?
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54. Prezentaţi ỉn 10 rânduri domnia lui Petru Muşat.
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55. Imaginaţi-vặ cặ pentru o zi aţi fi sultanul Baiazid I.Ce aţi face?
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“ Scrie domnia mea credincioşilor şi bunilor, dulcilor şi credincioşilor prieteni ai domniei mele,
judeţului şi pặrgarilor de la Braşov.Iatặ vặ dau de ştire cặ am rặsturnat pe vrặşmaşul nostru
Laiotặ, şi a fugit la turci.Deci v-a slobozit Dumnezeu calea.Veniţi cu pâine şi cu marfặ şi vặ
hrặniţi, cặci a fặcut Dumnezeu sặ fim o singurặ ţarặ”
(1476.Scrisoarea lui Vlad Ţepeş cặtre braşoveni prin care anunţa cặ a reuşit sặ ia din
nou domnia)
a) Care mare domn l-a ajutat pe Vlad Ţepeş sặ reia pentru a treia oarặ tronul Ţặrii
Româneşti?
b) Exista vreun grad de rudenie ỉntre cei doi?
c) Notaţi anii de desfặşurare a celei mai importante domnii a lui Vlad Ţepeş.
d) Cunoaşteţi vreo legendặ despre Vlad Ţepeş?Povestiţi.
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57.Realizaţi un ciorchine pe tema Domnia lui Vlad Ţepeş
57.
Domnia lui
Vlad Tepeş
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58. Construiţi câte o frazặ cu urmặtorii termeni din istoria românilor: tribut, paşalâc,
suzeranitate, mazilire
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59. Numiţi cele 3 mari puteri care aveau ỉn evul mediu interes asupra ţặrilor române.
Motivaţi-le interesul.
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60. Prezentaţi ỉn 20 de rânduri participarea românilor la cruciada târzie sub comanda lui Iancu
de Hunedoara.
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61. Preluarea domniei
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Politica internặ
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Diplomaţia
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Domnia lui ………………………………………
Ştefan cel Mare
1457-1504
Marile bặtặlii
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Strategia militarặ
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Sfârşitul domniei
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“ Noi, Ştefan voievod, din mila lui Dumnezeu domn al Ţặrii Moldovei, facem cunoscut
domniilor voastre cặ pe la Boboteaza trecutaặ, sultanul a trimis ỉn ţara noastrặ şi ỉmpotriva
noastrặ o mare oştire, ỉn numặr de 120.000 de oameni(…). Şi noi pentru apặrare, am luat sabia
ỉn mânặ, am mers ỉmpotriva duşmanilor creştinặtặţii, i-am biruit şi i-am cặlcat ỉn picioare şi p
e toţi i-am trecut prin ascuţitul sabiei noastre(…).Ỉmpặratul turcilor şi-a pus ỉn plan sặ se
rặzbune(…) şi sặ supunặ ţara noastrặ, care este poarta tuturor creştinilor(…)
De aceea, ne rugặm de domniile voastre sặ ne trimiteţi pe cặpitanii voştri ỉn ajutor ỉmpotriva
duşmanilor creştinặtặţii.”
(Ştefan cel Mare, Scrisoarea adresatặ principilor Europei, 25 ianuarie 1475)
a) Menţionaţi la ce victorie face referire scrisoarea.
b) Care au fost motivele pentru care Ştefan cel Mare a trimis soli la diferiţi principi creştini?
c) Din punct de vedere strategic, ce importanţặ avea Moldova ỉn conflictul antiotoman?
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63. Explicaţi diferenţa dintre regim tributar şi regim vasalic.
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64. Ce a reprezentat pentru Ungaria lupta de la Mohacs din 1526?
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65. Prezentaţi evoluţia Transilvaniei ỉn secolul al XVI lea.
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66. Care a fost titulatura lui Mihai Viteazul ca domn unificator?
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67. Unirea de la 1600 a fost un act premeditat? De ce?
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68.Realizaţi un afiş/poster pe temaVoievozii secolelor XIV-XVI urmặrind:imagini elocvente,
bặtặlii, viaţa culturalặ din timpul acestora, contribuţii etc
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69. Prezentaţi personalitatea eroului Constantin Brâncoveanu.
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70. Instaurarea dominatiei habsburgice ỉn Transilvania şi Banat.
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71. Cultura şi vestimentatţa ỉn timpul regimului fanariot.
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72. Folosind metoda explozie stelarặ, dezbateţi ỉn scris tema Rặscoala lui Horea, Cloşca şi
Crişan
Unde?
Cum?
Când? tema Rặscoala Cine?
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73. Realizaţi un eseu pe tema Supplex Libellus Valachorum
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74. Personalitatea complexặ a lui Tudor Vladimirescu.
Erou? Deschizặtor de drumuri ?

- -
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Argumente
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Conducator al
Revoluţiei? Martir ?
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- -
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75. Prezentaţi urmặrile mişcặrii revoluţiei de la 1821 din Ţara Româneascặ.
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76. Explicaţi rolul Regulamentelor Organice din Principatele române.De ce au fost considerate
legi fundamentale?
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77. Numiţi domnitorii regulamentari:
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78. Construiţi câte o frazặ cu urmặtorii termeni din istoria românilor: pandur, “Cererile
norodului românesc”, domnii pặmântene, şerbie
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79. Notaţi principalele cauze care au dus la izbucnirea revoluţiei din 1848.
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80. Documentele programatice ale revoluţiei de la 1848
Documentul Redactat de… Locul
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81. Societặţi secrete revoluţionare ỉn secolul al XIX lea
Ţara Româneascặ Moldova Transilvania, Banat
82. Care au fost documentele din istoria românilor care au purtat titlul de
“Constituţie”?
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83. Care au fost documentele care au fost considerate constituţii?
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84. Realizaţi un eseu pe tema Unirea Principatelor române
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85. Notaţi principalele legi adoptate ỉn timpul domniei lui Alexandru Ioan Cuza
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86. Menţionaţi numele prim- miniştrilor din timpul domniei lui A.I.Cuza.
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87. Care au fost Marile Puteri ale vremii care au sprijinit unirea Principatelor române de la
1859?
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88. Construiţi câte o frazặ cu urmặtorii termeni din istoria românilor: adunari ad-hoc, unire,
loviturặ de stat, “monstruoasa coaliţie”
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89. Prezentaţi motivele pentru care A.I.Cuza a fost nevoit sặ abdice.
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90. Ỉn ce condiţii s-a instaurat monarhia ỉn România?
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91. Caracterizaţi Constituţia din 1866.
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92.Precizaţi desfặşurarea vieţii politice româneşti ỉntre anii 1866-1871.
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93. Marea guvernare conservatoare.
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94. Prezentaţi ỉn 15 rânduri desfặşurarea rặzboiului de independenţặ din 1877-1878.
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95. Comentaţi prevederile cu privire la România de la congresele de pace desfặşurate la San
Stefano şi Berlin.
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96. Aderarea României la Tripla Alianţặ.Comentaţi!
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97. De ce România a preferat, pentru o perioadặ, neutralitatea ỉn primul rặzboi mondial?
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98. Prezentaţi cauzele pentru care România a participat la primul rặzboi mondial alặturi de
Antanta.
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99. Blazonul eroului....Ecaterina Teodoroiu........
Denumire dată de popor
Date familiale: Pregătire şcolară
- locul naşterii
- părinţi, bunici, fraţi
- urmaşi
Caracterizare fizică: Caracterizare psihică:
- date antropometrice - temperament
- caracter
- inteligenţă
- personalitate
Realizări politice şi militare Dorinţe/Neîmpliniri
Prieteni Cuvinte de îmbărbătare
Adversari Legende/Cântece
Rubrică la alegere – se realizează sub forma unor “foiţe personale”
( simbol, epitet, desen, metaforă, motto)
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100. Prezentaţi luptele desfặşurate ỉntre 1916-1917.
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101. Explicaţi etapele formặrii statului naţional unitar român.
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102. Analizaţi societatea româneascặ dupặ Marea Unire de la 1918.
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103. Prezentaţi principalele partide politice din perioada interbelicặ.
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104. Realizaţi o diagramặ Venn pe tema Monarhia constituţionalặ/Monarhia autoritarặ
57
105. Notaţi pierderile teritoriale româneşti din anul 1940 şi cauzele intrặrii României ỉn rặzboi
alặturi de Germania nazistặ.
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106. Semnificaţia Actului de la 23 august 1944.
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58
107. Ce a reprezentat pentru România procentajul efectuat de Stalin şi Churchill ỉn octombrie
1944?
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108. Explicaţi gestul abdicặrii regelui Mihai I.
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109. Construiţi câte o frazặ cu urmặtorii termeni din istoria românilor: legionari, dictaturặ,
“grevặ regalặ”, comunism
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59
110.Caracterizaţi regimul Gheorghe Gheorghiu Dej.
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111. Realizaţi un eseu pe tema Ỉnchisoarea Sighet
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112. Prezentaţi evoluţia statului român ỉn perioada conducerii lui Nicolae Ceauşescu.
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62
113. România dupặ anul 1990.
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63
114. Rebus recapitulativ
1 •••
2 •••
3 •••
4 ••• •••
5 ••• •••
6 •••
7 ••• •••
8 ••• •••
9 •••
10 ••• •••
11 •••
12 •••
13 ••• ••• •••
14 ••• ••• •••
15 ••• •••
1. Familie de boieri olteni, ce a jucat un rol important ỉn viaţa politicặ a Ţặrii Româneşti la
sfârşitul secolului al XV lea şi prima jumatate a secolului al XVI lea //
Ţặran dependent ỉn Transilvania
2. Numele dat creştinilor de mahomedani ỉn Evul Mediu // Istoric got. A scris o istorie a
goţilor pe care i-a confundat cu geţii
3. Impunere ỉn ỉntreaga societate a modelului sovietic // Perioadặ istoricặ echivalentặ cu 100
ani
64
4. Cneaz roman din Hunedoara, tatal lui Iancu de Hunedoara // Document // Nume dat de
moldoveni in Evul Mediu polonezilor
5. Tatal lui Basarab I // Steag
6. Cetate daca si castru roman in apropiere de Oravita de astazi // Fuga in masa a populatiei in
timpul Evului Mediu din cauza barbarilor, a persecutiilor sau a exploatarilor boieresti
7. Interval de timp istoric, caracterizat prin trasaturi proprii // Sat roman // Voievod roman din
Transilvania. Intre 1002 – 1003 a fost infrant si facut prizonier de Stefan I
8. Veche arma de atac, formata dintr-un varf ascutit de metal montat la capatul unei prajini de
lemn // Deschizatura intrun zid de aparare sau in peretii unei cazemate, prin care se aruncau
proiectile asupra dusmanilor sau prin care se putea trage cu arma // Document
9. Intemeiere de tara // Nume sub care apar romảnii in cele mai vechi izvoare medievale
10. Titlu purtat de conducatorul mongolilor in Evul Mediu // Nobil maghiar din Transilvania
// Denumire data monedelor din aur si argint din Europa Centrala ce au circulat in tarile
romane pana in secolul al XIX lea
11. Preot // Rege get de la sfarsitul secolului I d.Hr din nordul Dobrogei. A luptat cu
proconsulul Macedoniei, Licinius Crassus, fiind asediat de acesta in capitala sa, Genucla
12. Principiu conform caruia natiunile au dreptul de a-si alege singure statutul politic
13. Urmas al lui Dragos, domn al Moldovei //Unitate romana de cavalerie, facand parte din trupele
auxiliare // Unitate de lupta in armata romana, formata din soldati ce nu erau cetateni romani,
majoritatea lor provenind din provinciile anexate recent
14. Mod de guvernare; mod de organizare a puterii politice intro tara // Loctiitor al Domnului,
insarcinat cu administrarea Tarii Romanesti si Moldovei pana la instaurarea pe tron a noului
domn
15. Ordin emis de sultan prin care erau numiti sau maziliti guvernatorii si domnii depinzand
de Imperiul Otoman // Dare care reprezinta a zecea parte din produsele principale, perceputa
65
de proprietarii feudali de la taranii dependenti // Plangere adresata Portii de catre domn sau
boieri
Vacanţặ plặcutặ!
66

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114 fişe de lucru

Izvoare scrise Izvoare nescrise

4. Realizaţi o diagramặ Venn pe tema Paleolitic/Neolitic ỉn România

Epoci istorice Caracteristici

8. Numiţi 6 triburi geto-dacice şi aria lor de rặspândire.

9. Construiţi câte o frazặ cu urmặtorii termeni : vicus, dava, limes, tarabostes

11. Fişặ de lucru

“ Se spune cặ un get pe numele Zalmoxis ar fi sclavul lui Pitogara şi cặ ar fi deprins de la acesta

a primit şi numele de zeu, petrecându-şi viaţa ỉntro peşterặ.”

a) Stabiliţi rolul pe care l-a deţinut Zalmoxis ỉn spiritualitatea geto-dacilor

b) Notaţi alte douặ zeitặţi din panteonul geto-dac

c) Cine a fost cel mai renumit slujitor al cultului zalmoxian ?

12. Prezentaţi politica internặ a lui Burebista.

13. Enumerặ teritoriile supuse de Burebista prin forţặ.

15. Fişặ de lucru

populaţiile vecine; ba a ajuns sặ fie temut chiar de romani. “

a) Notaţi anii domniei lui Burebista

b) Care a fost rolul preotului Deceneu ỉn timpul domniei lui Burebista?

c) Notaţi semnificaţia numelui Burebista

18. Comentaţi condiţiile pặcii dupặ primul rặzboi daco-roman.

22.Realizaţi un afiş(poster) cu tema Civilizaţia geto-dacilor , afiş care sặ cuprindặ imagini

semnificative ale arhitecturii religioase, cultul Zamolxian, cetặţile geto-dacice, murus

dacicus, citate (Herodot, Strabon) referitoare la geto-daci, portul, tradiţiile,ierarhia

socialặ ;rặzboaiele daco-romane.

Când? tema Unde?

pod şi au fost ỉnfiinţate multe colonii”

Aurelius Victor, <<Cezarii.Despre Dacia>>, sec.IV d.Hr

c) Notaţi numele antic al Mặrii Negre

26. Daţi 5 exemple de oraşe romane construite ỉn noua provincie Dacia.

Pro teorie Contra teorie

Argumente pro Argumente contra

30. Daţi 5 exemple de dovezi paleocreştine descoperite pe teritoriul actual al României.

32. Daţi 6 exemple de popoare migratoare.

33. Când şi cum a luat naştere limba românặ ?

34. Notaţi sursele şi denumirile românilor ỉn izvoarele medievale.

Unde erau plasate acestea?

38. Tipuri de autonomii româneşti existente ỉntre secolele IX – XIII

Tipuri de autonomii româneşti Izvoare istorice ỉn care apar

40. Menţionaţi organizarea Transilvaniei ỉn secolul al XIII lea.

41. Notaţi numele celor 7 comitate maghiare.

43. Prezentaţi formarea statului medieval Moldova.

45. Ce importanţa deţine documentul intitulat Diploma cavalerilor ioaniţi?

46. Semnificaţia luptei de la Posada.

48. Caracterizaţi instituţia medievalặ numitặ Domnie.

49. Caracterizaţi instituţia medievalặ numita Biserica.

Politica internặ a lui

Mare şi singur stặpânitor al Cetặţii Dârstor”

Titlul domnesc al lui Mircea cel Bặtrân

a) Ce posesiuni mai deţinea Mircea ỉn afara celor din titulatura sa?

b) Din punct de vedere strategic, ce rol deţinea cetatea Dârstor?

c) Precizaţi tratatele comerciale ỉncheiate de Mircea cel Bặtrân.

Mircea cel Bặtrân

55. Imaginaţi-vặ cặ pentru o zi aţi fi sultanul Baiazid I.Ce aţi face?

judeţului şi pặrgarilor de la Braşov.Iatặ vặ dau de ştire cặ am rặsturnat pe vrặşmaşul nostru

Laiotặ, şi a fugit la turci.Deci v-a slobozit Dumnezeu calea.Veniţi cu pâine şi cu marfặ şi vặ

hrặniţi, cặci a fặcut Dumnezeu sặ fim o singurặ ţarặ”

b) Exista vreun grad de rudenie ỉntre cei doi?

d) Cunoaşteţi vreo legendặ despre Vlad Ţepeş?Povestiţi.

57.Realizaţi un ciorchine pe tema Domnia lui Vlad Ţepeş

domniilor voastre cặ pe la Boboteaza trecutaặ, sultanul a trimis ỉn ţara noastrặ şi ỉmpotriva

rặzbune(…) şi sặ supunặ ţara noastrặ, care este poarta tuturor creştinilor(…)

De aceea, ne rugặm de domniile voastre sặ ne trimiteţi pe cặpitanii voştri ỉn ajutor ỉmpotriva

(Ştefan cel Mare, Scrisoarea adresatặ principilor Europei, 25 ianuarie 1475)