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Abstract: The article surveys a welter of evaluations advanced in the period with
regard to both the antecedents of the Trianon treaty concluded in 1920 between
Hungary and the victorious powers in the First World War and the consequences
of the diplomatic arrangement. These are then placed in the framework of the
general comparative studies devoted to the types of nationhood and to the
conceptions of national belonging, as evolved since the interwar period. It is
concluded that the historical episode considered sheds revealing light on the
intricate multicultural predicament of the East European region, as well as on the
need to foster the national public cultures enabling a better accommodation of
multiculturalism by the means of an appropriately forged and trans-national
collective memory.
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splendid articol al lui Oscar Jászi din naţiune şi să-şi obţină libertatea
1933, în care refuzul lui Lajos naţională în conformitate cu prin-
Kossuth din 1848 de a adopta o cipiile dominante ale epocii trebuie
perspectivă asupra problemei naţio- judecate ca la fel de legitime ca şi cele
nale din teritoriul Ungariei istorice ale naţiunii maghiare înseşi”73 – nu
situată dincolo de orizontul tentativei poate fi citită, însă, decât din
de a suprapune un creuzet politic perspectiva aprecierilor lui Macartney
centralizator şi asimilaţionist de inspi- din 1937, că politica românească în
raţie franceză peste mozaicul de chestiunea minorităţilor de după 1918
identităţi naţionale aflate pe cale de a fost imaginea în oglindă a celei
maturizare în spirit herderian69 este maghiare anterioare (deci prezentând,
indicat ca un factor al evoluţiei către în mare, aceleaşi neajunsuri ca şi cea
deznodământul din 192070. din urmă). Mai apropiată de poziţia
Jászi avea, desigur, o percepţie mai adoptată în paginile de faţă se situează
subtilă a problematicii decât un istoric remarca unui alt autor de origine
american de origine maghiară de mai maghiară – acesta fiind britanic şi mai
târziu, autor al unei lucrări de referinţă recent – atunci când reexaminează
din anii ’70 despre Kossuth71 şi susţi- legea naţionalităţilor din 1868 şi
nător fără rezerve al ideii – afirmate în dezbaterile din jurul ei, pentru a
cadrul unei dezbateri – că eroul său „a conchide: „Liberalilor unguri li se
încercat să extindă binefacerile poate reproşa că nu au fost capabili să
legislaţiei liberale şi sociale asupra inventeze principii pe care liberalii din
tuturor grupurilor etnice nemaghiare Occident nu le profesau şi – cel puţin
de sub Coroana Sfântului Ştefan, cu în cazul celor din Franţa şi Anglia –
condiţia ca ele să accepte conducerea nu le erau nici necesare”74. Adică nu
binevoitoare a naţiunii maghiare şi în au acţionat precum Rhigas Velestinlis,
special pe cea a micii nobilimi re- Otto Bauer şi Oscar Jászi, capabili să
formiste”, şi de aceea „nu a putut înţeleagă – la fel ca şi o mulţime de
înţelege niciodată ingratitudinea pionieri ai sociologiei înapoierii şi a
popoarelor pe care intenţionase în modernizării din periferia est-
mod atât de autentic să le ajute”72. europeană, de pildă – că se confruntau
Întâmpinarea oferită cu acea ocazie de cu dileme inedite, fără corespondent
un istoric român – şi constând în în experienţa istorică occidentală.
afirmaţia că „aspiraţiile unui popor Aprecierea este justă, din păcate.
care se luptă să-şi asigure existenţa ca
Note
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