Exemplu 1: Să se află primitiva funcţiei 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 :

𝑥3 3𝑥 2
𝐹(𝑥) = . 𝐹 ′ (𝑥) = = 𝑥2.
3 3

𝑥3 𝑥3 𝑥3
𝐹(𝑥) = + 1; 𝐹(𝑥) = − 7; 𝐹(𝑥) = + 33.
3 3 3

𝑥3
𝐹(𝑥) = + 𝐶.
3

Exemplul 2: Să se calculeze integrala funcţiei ∫(2𝑥 3 − 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 5√𝑥)𝑑𝑥:

∫(2𝑥 3 − 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 5√𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + ∫(−3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 5√𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − 3 ∫(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 +

1
+1
𝑥 3+1 𝑥2 𝑥4 𝑥 √𝑥
5 ∫ √𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∙ − 3(− cos 𝑥) + 5 ∙ 1 +𝐶 = + 3 cos 𝑥 + 10 ∙ + 𝐶.
3+1 +1 2 3
2

3 1 4
Exemplul 3: Să se calculeze integrala funcţiei ∫ ( 3 + 2 + 𝑥 √𝑥) 𝑑𝑥:
√𝑥 √𝑥
2
1 1 5
3 1 4 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥 4 − 1 − 𝑥3 1
∫ ( 3 𝑥 + 2√𝑥 + 𝑥 √𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 3 ∫ 3 𝑥 + 2 ∫ √𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥 √𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 3 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 3 ∙ 3 2 4 2 +2∙
√ √
3
1 9
𝑥2 𝑥4 93 4 4
1 + 9 + 𝐶 = 2 √𝑥 2 + √𝑥 + 9 𝑥 2 √𝑥 + 𝐶.
2 4

𝑑𝑥
Exemplul 4: Să se calculeze integrala funcţiei ∫ 𝑥+3:
𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑥+3 = ln|𝑥 + 3| + 𝐶.

Exemplul 5: Să se calculeze integrala funcţiei ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 7𝑥 𝑑𝑥:

1
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 7𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 7 sin 7𝑥 + 𝐶.

Exemplul 6: Să se calculeze integrala funcţiei ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥 − 6)𝑑𝑥:

1 1
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥 − 6)𝑑𝑥 = 2 (− cos[2𝑥 − 6]) + 𝐶 = − 2 cos(2𝑥 − 6) + 𝐶.

Exemplul 7: Să se determine integrala funcţiei ∫ √sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥,

𝑛𝑜𝑡ă𝑚 1
′ +1
∫ √sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 [𝑡 = sin 𝑥 , 𝑑𝑡 = (sin 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ] = ∫ √𝑡 cos 𝑥 ∙
𝑑𝑡 𝑡2
= ∫ √𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 3 +𝐶 =
𝑑𝑡 cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = cos 𝑥 2

2 2
𝑡√𝑡 + 𝐶 = 3 sin 𝑥 √sin 𝑥 + 𝐶.
3
𝑥𝑑𝑥
Exemplul 8: Să se determine integrala funcţiei ∫ 1+𝑥 2 ,

𝑛𝑜𝑡ă𝑚 𝑑𝑡
2 (1 2 )′ 𝑥∙
∫ 1+𝑥 2 𝑡
𝑥𝑑𝑥
[ = 1 + 𝑥 , 𝑑𝑡 = + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 ] = 2𝑥 1 𝑑𝑡 1
∫ 𝑡 = 2 ∫ 𝑡 = 2 ln|𝑡| + 𝐶 = ln|√𝑡| + 𝐶 =
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥
ln|√1 + 𝑥 2 | + 𝐶.
𝑑𝑥
Exemplul 9: Să se determine integrala funcţiei ∫ 𝑎2 +𝑥 2
 𝑛𝑜𝑡ă𝑚
𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 ′ 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑎∙𝑑𝑡 1 𝑑𝑡 1 1 𝑥
∫ 𝑎2 +𝑥 2 = 𝑎2 ∫ 𝑥 2
[𝑡 = , 𝑑𝑡 = ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = ] = 𝑎2 ∫ 1+𝑡 2 = 𝑎 ∫ 1+𝑡 2 = 𝑎 arctg 𝑡 + 𝐶 = 𝑎 arctg 𝑎 + 𝐶.
1+( ) 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑎
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 ∙ 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
Exemplul 10: Să se determine integrala funcţiei ∫ √𝑎2 .
−𝑥 2

𝑛𝑜𝑡ă𝑚
𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 ′ 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑎∙𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑥
∫ √𝑎2 −𝑥 2 = 𝑎 ∫ 2
[𝑡 = , 𝑑𝑡 = ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = ] = 𝑎 ∫ √1−𝑡 2 = ∫ √1−𝑡 2 = arcsin 𝑡 + 𝐶 = arcsin 𝑎 + 𝐶..
√1−(𝑥) 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑎 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 ∙ 𝑑𝑡
ln3 𝑥
Exemplul 11: Să se determine integrala funcţiei ∫ 𝑑𝑥.
𝑥

𝑛𝑜𝑡ă𝑚
ln3 𝑥 1 𝑡3 𝑡4 ln4 𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 [𝑡 = ln 𝑥 , 𝑑𝑡 = (ln 𝑥)′ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥] = ∫ 𝑥 𝑥𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡 = 4 + 𝐶 = 4 + 𝐶.
𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑑𝑡
𝑥𝑑𝑥
Exemplul 12: Să se determine integrala funcţiei ∫ 1+𝑥 4 .

𝑛𝑜𝑡ă𝑚 𝑑𝑡
2 (𝑥 2 )′ 𝑥
𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫ 1+𝑥 4 [ 𝑡 = 𝑥 , 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑡 1 1
] = ∫ 1+𝑡 2 = 2 ∫ 1+𝑡 2 = 2 arctg 𝑡 + 𝐶 = 2 arctg 𝑥 2 + 𝐶.
2𝑥
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥

Exemplu 13: Să se determine integrala nedefinită ∫ 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

𝑢 = 𝑥, 𝑑𝑣 = sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 [𝑑𝑢 = (𝑥)′ 𝑑𝑥, 𝑣 = ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥] = −𝑥 ∙ cos 𝑥 + ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑥 ∙ cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 + 𝐶.
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥, 𝑣 = − cos 𝑥

Exemplul 14: Să se calculeze ∫ 𝑥 2 ∙ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑢 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 [𝑑𝑢 = (𝑥 2 )′ 𝑑𝑥, 𝑣 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ] = 𝑥 2 ∙ 𝑒 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 ∙ 𝑒 𝑥 −
2 𝑥

𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥, 𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑢 = 𝑥, 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 [𝑑𝑢 = (𝑥)′ 𝑑𝑥, 𝑣 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥] = 𝑥 2 ∙ 𝑒 𝑥 − 2[𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥] = 𝑥 2 ∙ 𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥, 𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥
 3
Exemplu 15:Să se determine integrala funcţiei ∫ 𝑥+4 𝑑𝑥.

𝑛𝑜𝑡ă𝑚:
𝐴 𝑑𝑥 ′ 𝑑𝑡
I. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐴 ∫ [𝑡 = 𝑥 − 𝑎, 𝑑𝑡 = (𝑥 − 𝑎) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 ] = 𝐴 ∫ = 𝐴 ln 𝑡 + 𝐶 =
𝑥−𝑎 𝑥−𝑎 𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
= 𝐴 ln(𝑥 − 𝑎) + 𝐶.
𝑛𝑜𝑡ă𝑚:
3 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑥+4 𝑑𝑥 = 3 ∫ 𝑥+4 [𝑡 = 𝑥 + 4, 𝑑𝑡 = (𝑥 + 4)′ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥] = 3 ∫ 𝑡 = 3 ln 𝑡 + 𝐶 = 3 ln|𝑥 + 4| + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
= ln|𝑥 + 4|3 + 𝐶 .
6
Exemplu 16:Să se determine integrala funcţiei ∫ (𝑥+1)5 𝑑𝑥.

𝑛𝑜𝑡ă𝑚:
𝐴 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝐴
II. ∫ (𝑥−𝑎)𝑘 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐴 ∫ (𝑥−𝑎)𝑘 [𝑡 = 𝑥 − 𝑎, 𝑑𝑡 = (𝑥 − 𝑎)′ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 ] = 𝐴 ∫ 𝑘 = (−𝑘+1)𝑡 𝑘−1 + 𝐶 =
𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝐴
= (−𝑘+1)(𝑥−𝑎)𝑘−1 + 𝐶.

𝑛𝑜𝑡ă𝑚:
6 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑡 −4
∫ (𝑥+1)5 𝑑𝑥 = 6 ∫ (𝑥+1)5 [𝑡 = 𝑥 + 1, 𝑑𝑡 = (𝑥 + 1)′ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥] = 6 ∫ 𝑡 5 = 6 ∫ 𝑡 −5 𝑑𝑡 = 6 −4 + 𝐶 =
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
−3 1 −3 1
= ∙ 𝑡4 + 𝐶 = ∙ (𝑥+1)4 + 𝐶
2 2

𝑑𝑥
Exemplu 17:Să se determine integrala funcţiei ∫ 2𝑥 2 +8𝑥+20 𝑑𝑥.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥
∫ 2𝑥 2 +8𝑥+20 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2(𝑥 2 +4𝑥+10) = 2 ∫ 𝑥 2 +4𝑥+10 = 2 ∫ 𝑥 2 +2∙2𝑥+4−4+10 = 2 ∫ 𝑥 2 +2∙2𝑥+4+6 =

𝑁𝑜𝑡ă𝑚:
1 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑡 1 1 𝑡
2 [𝑡 = 𝑥 + 2, 𝑑𝑡 = (𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥] = ∫ 2
∫ = 2∫ ′ = 2 ∙ arctg +
2 (𝑥+2)2 +6 (𝑥+2)2 +(√6) 2 𝑡 +(√6)2 √6 √6
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
1 1 𝑥+2
+𝐶 = 2 ∙ arctg + 𝐶.
√6 √6
 𝑥+3
Exemplu 18:Să se determine integrala funcţiei ∫ 𝑥 2 −2𝑥+5 𝑑𝑥.
𝐴 𝐴𝑝
𝐴𝑥+𝐵 (2𝑥+𝑝)+(𝐵− ) 𝐴 (2𝑥+𝑝) 𝐴𝑝 𝑑𝑥
III. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 2
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 + (𝐵 − )∫ =
𝑥 2 +𝑝𝑥+𝑞 𝑥 2 +𝑝𝑥+𝑞 2 𝑥 +𝑝𝑥+𝑞 2 𝑥 2 +𝑝𝑥+𝑞

𝑁𝑜𝑡ă𝑚: 𝑑𝑡
2 (2𝑥+𝑝)
𝐴 (2𝑥+𝑝) 𝑡 = 𝑥 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞, 𝑑𝑡 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞)′ 𝑑𝑥 = (2𝑥 + 𝑝)𝑑𝑥 𝐴𝑝 𝑑𝑥 𝐴 (2𝑥+𝑝)
= ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 [ ] + (𝐵 − ) ∫ 2 𝑝 2 𝑝 2
= ∫ +
2 𝑥 +𝑝𝑥+𝑞 𝑑𝑡 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥+( ) +𝑞−( ) 2 𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = (2𝑥+𝑝) 2 2 2

𝑁𝑜𝑡ă𝑚:
𝐴𝑝 𝑑𝑥 𝑝 𝑝 ′ 𝐴 𝑑𝑡 𝐴𝑝 𝑑𝑚 𝐴
(𝐵 − )∫ 𝑝 2 𝑝 2
[𝑚 = 𝑥 + , 𝑑𝑚 = (𝑥 + ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 ] = ∫ + (𝐵 − )∫ 2 = ln 𝑡 + (𝐵 −
2 (𝑥+ ) +[𝑞−( ) ] 2 2 2 𝑡 2 𝑝 2 2
2 2 𝑚2 +[√𝑞−( ) ]
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑚 2
𝑝
𝐴𝑝 1 𝑚 𝐴 2𝐵−𝐴𝑝 𝑥+ 𝐴 2𝐵−𝐴𝑝 2𝑥+𝑝
) arctg + 𝐶 = ln(𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞) + 2
arctg 2
+ 𝐶 = ln(𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞) + arctg + 𝐶.
2
√𝑞−(𝑝)
2
√𝑞−(𝑝)
2 2 √4𝑞−𝑝 √𝑞−(𝑝)
2 2 √4𝑞−𝑝2 √4𝑞−𝑝2
2 2 2

1 −2
𝑥+3 (2𝑥−2)+(3− ) 1 2𝑥−2 𝑑𝑥
2 2
∫ 𝑥 2 −2𝑥+5 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 2 −2𝑥+5
𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 𝑥 2 −2𝑥+5 𝑑𝑥 + 4 ∫ 𝑥 2 −2𝑥+5 =

𝑁𝑜𝑡ă𝑚:
2 2
1 2𝑥−2
= 2 ∫ 𝑥 2 −2𝑥+5 𝑑𝑥 [𝑡 = 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 5, 𝑑𝑡 = (𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 5)′ 𝑑𝑥 = (2𝑥 − 2)𝑑𝑥 ] + 4 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
=
2 −2 2 −2 2
𝑑𝑡 𝑥 2 − ∙2𝑥+( ) −( ) +5
𝑑𝑥 = (2𝑥−2) 2 2 2

𝑑𝑡
1 (2𝑥−2)∙ 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑡
(2𝑥−2)
= 2∫ + 4 ∫ 𝑥 2 −∙2𝑥+1−1+5 = 2 ∫ + 4 ∫ 𝑥 2 −∙2𝑥+1−1+5 = 2 ∫ +
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡

𝑁𝑜𝑡ă𝑚:
𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑚 1 1 𝑚
+4 ∫ (𝑥−1)2 +22 [𝑚 = 𝑥 − 1, 𝑑𝑚 = (𝑥 − 1)′ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 ] = 2 ∫ 𝑡 + 4 ∫ 𝑚2 +22 = 2 ln 𝑡 + 4 ∙ 2 arctg 2 + 𝐶 =
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑚
1 𝑥−1
= 2 ln|𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5| + 2 arctg + 𝐶.
2
5𝑥+3
Exemplu 19:Să se determine integrala funcţiei ∫ √𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥.
+4𝑥+10
5 5∙4
5𝑥+3 ∙(2𝑥+4)+(3− ) 5 (2𝑥+4) 𝑑𝑥
∫ √𝑥 2 +4𝑥+10 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 √𝑥 2 +4𝑥+10
2
𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ √𝑥 2
+4𝑥+10
𝑑𝑥 − 7 ∫ √𝑥 2
+4𝑥+10
=

𝑡 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10
5 (2𝑥+4)
𝑑𝑡 = (𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10)′ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡
5 (2𝑥+4)∙(2𝑥+4) 𝑑𝑥
= 2∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 = (2𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥 −7∫ 2 = 2∫ − 7∫ =
√𝑥 +4𝑥+10 √𝑥 +2∙2𝑥+4−4+10 √𝑡 √(𝑥+2)2 +(√6)
2
𝑑𝑡
[ 𝑑𝑥 = (2𝑥+4) ]

5 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 5 2
= 2∫ − 7∫ = 2 ∙ 2√𝑡 − 7 ln |𝑥 + 2 + √(𝑥 + 2)2 + (√6) | + 𝐶 = 5√𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10 −
√𝑡 √(𝑥+2)2 +(√6)
2

2
−7 ln |𝑥 + 2 + √(𝑥 + 2)2 + (√6) | + 𝐶

𝑥 2 +2
Exemplu 20: Să se determine integrala funcţiei ∫ (𝑥+1)3 (𝑥−2) 𝑑𝑥.

𝑥 2 +2 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷 𝐴(𝑥−2)+𝐵(𝑥+1)(𝑥−2)+𝐶(𝑥+1)2 (𝑥−2)+𝐷(𝑥+1)3
(𝑥+1)3 (𝑥−2)
= (𝑥+1)3 + (𝑥+1)2 + (𝑥+1) + (𝑥−2) = (𝑥+1)3 (𝑥−2)
=

𝐴𝑥−2𝐴+𝐵𝑥 2 −𝐵𝑥−2𝐵+𝐶𝑥 3 −3𝐶𝑥−2𝐶+𝐷𝑥 3 +3𝐷𝑥 2 +3𝐷𝑥+𝐷

= (𝑥+1)3 (𝑥−2)
 𝐶+𝐷 =0 𝐶 = −𝐷 𝐶 = −𝐷
𝐵 + 3𝐷 = 1 𝐵 + 3𝐷 = 1 𝐵 + 3𝐷 = 1
{ ⇒{ ⇒{ ⇒
𝐴 − 𝐵 − 3𝐶 + 3𝐷 = 0 𝐴 − 𝐵 + 3𝐷 + 3𝐷 = 0 𝐴 − 𝐵 + 6𝐷 = 0
−2𝐴 − 2𝐵 − 2𝐶 + 𝐷 = 2 −2𝐴 − 2𝐵 + 2𝐷 + 𝐷 = 2 −2𝐴 − 2𝐵 + 3𝐷 = 2
𝐶 = −𝐷 𝐶 = −𝐷 𝐶 = −𝐷
𝐵 = 1 − 3𝐷 𝐵 = 1 − 3𝐷 𝐵 = 1 − 3𝐷
{ ⇒{ ⇒{ ⇒
𝐴 − 1 + 3𝐷 + 6𝐷 = 0 𝐴 − 1 + 9𝐷 = 0 𝐴 = 1 − 9𝐷
−2𝐴 − 2 + 6𝐷 + 3𝐷 = 2 −2𝐴 + 9𝐷 = 4 27𝐷 = 6
2
𝐶 = −9 𝐶 = −9
2

2
𝐵 =1−3∙9 𝐵=3
1

2 ⇒
𝐴 =1−9∙9 𝐴 = −1
2
{ 𝐷=9
2
{𝐷=9

𝑥 2 +2 −1 1 1 2 1 2 1
(𝑥+1)3 (𝑥−2)
= (𝑥+1)3 + 3 ∙ (𝑥+1)2 + − 9 ∙ (𝑥+1) + 9 ∙ (𝑥−2)

𝑥 2 +2 −1 1 1 2 1 2 1 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
∫ (𝑥+1)3 (𝑥−2) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ((𝑥+1)3 + 3 ∙ (𝑥+1)2 − 9 ∙ (𝑥+1) + 9 ∙ (𝑥−2)) 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ (𝑥+1)3 + 3 ∫ (𝑥+1)2 − 9 ∫ (𝑥+1) +
2 𝑑𝑥 1 1 1 2 2
+ 9 ∫ (𝑥−2) = − (−3+1)(𝑥+1)3−1 + 3 ∙ (−2+1)(𝑥+1)2−1 − 9 ∙ ln|𝑥 + 1| + 9 ∙ ln|𝑥 − 2| + 𝐶
1 1 1 2 2
− 3 ∙ (𝑥+1) − 9 ∙ ln|𝑥 + 1| + 9 ∙ ln|𝑥 − 2| + 𝐶
2(𝑥+1)2
Integrarea acestor fracţii se face în felul următor:
𝑛𝑜𝑡ă𝑚:
𝐴 𝑑𝑥 ′ 𝑑𝑡
I. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐴 ∫ [𝑡 = 𝑥 − 𝑎, 𝑑𝑡 = (𝑥 − 𝑎) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 ] = 𝐴 ∫ = 𝐴 ln 𝑡 + 𝐶 =
𝑥−𝑎 𝑥−𝑎 𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
= 𝐴 ln(𝑥 − 𝑎) + 𝐶.
𝑛𝑜𝑡ă𝑚:
𝐴 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝐴
II. ∫ (𝑥−𝑎)𝑘 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐴 ∫ (𝑥−𝑎)𝑘 [𝑡 = 𝑥 − 𝑎, 𝑑𝑡 = (𝑥 − 𝑎)′ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 ] = 𝐴 ∫ 𝑘 = (−𝑘+1)𝑡 𝑘−1 + 𝐶 =
𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝐴
= (−𝑘+1)(𝑥−𝑎)𝑘−1 + 𝐶.
𝐴 𝐴𝑝
𝐴𝑥+𝐵 (2𝑥+𝑝)+(𝐵− ) 𝐴 (2𝑥+𝑝) 𝐴𝑝 𝑑𝑥
2 2
III. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 + (𝐵 − ) ∫ 𝑥 2+𝑝𝑥+𝑞 =
𝑥 2 +𝑝𝑥+𝑞 𝑥 2 +𝑝𝑥+𝑞 2 𝑥 +𝑝𝑥+𝑞 2

𝑁𝑜𝑡ă𝑚:
2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞)′ 𝑑𝑥 = (2𝑥 + 𝑝)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 [𝑡 = 𝑥 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞, 𝑑𝑡 =
𝐴 (2𝑥+𝑝)
= ∫ 2 ]+
2 𝑥 +𝑝𝑥+𝑞 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = (2𝑥+𝑝)
𝑑𝑡
𝐴𝑝 𝑑𝑥 𝐴 (2𝑥+𝑝) 𝐴𝑝 𝑑𝑥
(2𝑥+𝑝)
+ (𝐵 − )∫ 2 𝑝 2 𝑝 2
= ∫ + (𝐵 − )∫ 𝑝 2 𝑝 2
2 𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥+( ) +𝑞−( ) 2 𝑡 2 (𝑥+ ) +[𝑞−( ) ]
2 2 2 2 2

𝑁𝑜𝑡ă𝑚:
𝑝 𝑝 ′ 𝐴 𝑑𝑡 𝐴𝑝 𝑑𝑚
[𝑚 = 𝑥 + , 𝑑𝑚 = (𝑥 + ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 ] = 2 ∫ 𝑡
+ (𝐵 −
2
)∫ 2 =
2 2 𝑝 2
𝑚2 +[√𝑞−( ) ]
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑚 2

𝐴 𝐴𝑝 1 𝑚 𝐴
= ln 𝑡 + (𝐵 − ) 2
arctg 2
+ 𝐶 = ln(𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞) +
2 2 2
√𝑞−(𝑝) √𝑞−(𝑝)
2 2

𝑝
2𝐵−𝐴𝑝 𝑥+
2
arctg +𝐶 =
√4𝑞−𝑝2 √𝑞−(𝑝)
2
2

𝐴 2𝐵−𝐴𝑝 2𝑥+𝑝
= ln(𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞) + 2
arctg + 𝐶.
2 √4𝑞−𝑝 √4𝑞−𝑝2

Al patrulea model nu îl vom analiza.