IP UNIVERSITATEA DE STAT DE MEDICINĂ ŞI FARMACIE

„Nicolae Testemiţanu”

CAIET DE LUCRĂRI PRATICE

LA CHIMIE ANALITICĂ
(analiza chimică calitativă)

PENTRU STUDENŢII ANULUI II,

FACULTATEA FARMACIE

Nume ………………………………………............
Grupa ……………………………………………....

2020
1
2
 LUCRARE DE LABORATOR Nr.1

ANALIZA CATIONILOR DIN GRUPA I ANALITICĂ

1. Caracteristica grupei I analitice de cationi

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3
 Reacţiile de identificare

ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUARE EFECTUL

CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

K+
……………..
………………

K+
…………………
………………….

K+
……………………….
...........................

K+
……………………….
...........................

4
 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUARE EFECTUL
CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

Na+
…………………………
………………………….

Na+
………………………...
...............................

Li+ …………………………
………………………….

Li+ …………………………
………………………….

NaF

…………………………
Li+
………………………….

5
 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUARE EFECTUL
CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

NH4+
……………..
………………

NH4+
…………………
………………….

Reacţiile de colorare a flăcării:

K+ - .................................................................................................................................

Na+ - .................................................................................................................................

Li+ - .................................................................................................................................

6
 Analiza amestecului de cationi din grupa I analitică
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CONCLUZIE: ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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7
 LUCRARE DE LABORATOR Nr.2

ANALIZA CATIONILOR DIN GRUPA II ANALITICĂ

1. Caracteristica grupei II analitice de cationi

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8
 Produsele reacţiilor comune şi selective ale cationilor din grupa II analitică

Reactivii Ag+ Hg22+ Pb2+

HCl

NaOH

H2S

NH3 (exces)

KI

K2CrO4

9
 Reacţiile de identificare

ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUL

CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) EFECTUARE A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

Ag+
……………………….

Ag+
……………………….

Ag+
……………………………..

10
 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUL
CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) EFECTUARE A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

Hg22+
……………………….

Hg22+
……………………….

Hg22+ ……………………………..

Hg22+
……………………………..

11
 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUL
CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) EFECTUARE A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

Pb2+
……………………….

Pb2+
……………………….

12
 Analiza amestecului de cationi din grupa II analitică
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CONCLUZIE: ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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13
 LUCRARE DE LABORATOR Nr.3

ANALIZA CATIONILOR DIN GRUPA III ANALITICĂ

1. Caracteristica grupei III analitice de cationi

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14
 Produsele reacţiilor comune ale cationilor din grupa III analitică

Reactivii Ba2+ Ca2+

H2SO4

(NH4)2C2O4

Na2CO3 sau (NH4)2CO3

Na2HPO4

15
 Reacţiile de identificare

ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUL

CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) EFECTUARE A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

Ba2+
……………………….

Ba2+
……………………….

Ca2+
……………………………..

16
 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUL
CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) EFECTUARE A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

Ca2+
…………………
………………….

Ca2+
……………………….

Reacţia de colorare a flăcării:

Ca2+ - .................................................................................................................................

17
 Analiza amestecului de cationi din grupa III analitică
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CONCLUZIE: ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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 LUCRARE DE LABORATOR Nr. 5

ANALIZA AMESTECULUI DE CATIONI DIN GRUPELE I-III ANALITICE

1. Cercetări preliminare:
a) .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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b) .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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d) .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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 2. Analiza sistematică a amestecului de cationi din grupele I – III analitice
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 LUCRARE DE LABORATOR Nr. 6

ANALIZA CATIONILOR DIN GRUPA IV ANALITICĂ

1. Caracteristica grupei IV analitice de cationi:

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21
 Produsele reacţiilor comune şi selective ale cationilor din grupa IV analitică

Reactivii Al3+ Cr3+ Zn2+ As(III) As(V)

NaOH

(1:1)

NaOH

(excess)

NH3 (exces)

H2S

Na2CO3

Na2HPO4

22
 Reacţiile de identificare

ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUL

CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) EFECTUARE A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

Co(NO3)2
Al3+
……………………….

Al3+

……………………….

NaOH + NH4Cl

Al3+ ……………………………..

Al3+

..................................

23
 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUL
CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) EFECTUARE A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

Zn2+
…………………
………………….

Zn2+
……………………….

Co(NO3)2

Zn2+ ……………………….

Reacţia de oxidare a
Cr3+
Cr(III) până la H2Cr2O6

24
 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUL
CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) EFECTUARE A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

As(III)
………………….

As(III)
……………………….

Zn

As(III) ……………………….

I2

As(III) ……………………….

25
 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUL
CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) EFECTUARE A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

As(V)
………………….

As(V)
……………………….

Zn

As(V) ……………………….

As(V) ……………………….

26
 Analiza amestecului de cationi din grupa IV analitică
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CONCLUZIE: ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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 LUCRARE DE LABORATOR Nr. 7

ANALIZA CATIONILOR DIN GRUPA V ANALITICĂ

1. Caracteristica grupei V analitice de cationi:

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28
 Produsele reacţiilor comune şi selective ale cationilor din grupa V analitică

Reactivii
Fe2+ Fe3+ Mn2+ Mg2+ Bi3+

NaOH

NaOH + H2O2

NH3

H2S

Na2CO3

Na2HPO4

29
 Reacţiile de identificare

ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUL

CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) EFECTUARE A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

Fe2+
……………………….

Fe2+
……………………….

Fe2+

……………………………..

30
 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUL
CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) EFECTUARE A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

Fe3+
…………………
………………….

KSCN

Fe3+ ……………………….

PbO2

Mn2+ ……………………….

NaBiO3

Mn2+ ……………………….

31
 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUL
CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) EFECTUARE A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

Bi3+
………………….

Bi3+
……………………….

Bi3+ KI

……………………….

Bi3+ ……………………….

32
 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUL
CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) EFECTUARE A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

Mg2+ Na2HPO4

……………………….

Mg2+

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33
 Analiza amestecului de cationi din grupa V analitică
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CONCLUZIE: ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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 LUCRARE DE LABORATOR Nr. 8

ANALIZA CATIONILOR DIN GRUPA VI ANALITICĂ

1. Caracteristica grupei VI analitice de cationi:

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35
 Produsele reacţiilor comune şi selective ale cationilor din grupa VI analitică

Reactivii
Cu2+ Hg2+ Co2+ Ni2+

NaOH

NH3 (dil.)

NH3 (conc.)

NH3 (c) + NH4Cl

H2 S

Na2CO3

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 Reacţiile de identificare

ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUL

CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) EFECTUARE A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

Cu2+
……………………….

Fe
Cu2+
……………………….

Cu2+
……………………………..

Cu2+
…………………

KI
Cu2+
……………………….

37
 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUL
CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) EFECTUARE A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

Hg2+
……………………….

KI
Hg2+
……………………….

Hg2+
……………………………..

Hg2+
…………………

Hg2+

……………………….

38
 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUL
CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) EFECTUARE A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

Co2+ NH4SCN

……………………….

Co2+ Zn(NO3)2

……………………….

Co2+

………………..…….

………………………

39
 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUL
CATIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) EFECTUARE A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

Ni2+
……………………….

Ni2+

………………………….

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40
 Analiza amestecului de cationi din grupa VI analitică
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CONCLUZIE: ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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41
 LUCRARE DE LABORATOR Nr. 9

ANALIZA AMESTECULUI DE CATIONI DIN GRUPELE IV-VI ANALITICE

1. Cercetări preliminare:
a) ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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b) ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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42
 2. Analiza sistematică a amestecului de cationi din grupele IV – VI analitice
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43
 LUCRARE DE LABORATOR Nr.10

ANALIZA ANIONILOR DIN GRUPA I ANALITICĂ

1. Caracteristica anionilor
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44
 Reacţiile analitice ale anionilor din grupa I analitică
ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUARE EFECTUL
ANIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

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45
 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUARE EFECTUL
ANIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

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46
 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUARE EFECTUL
ANIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

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47
 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUARE EFECTUL
ANIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

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48
 Analiza amestecului de anioni
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CONCLUZIE: ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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49
 LUCRARE DE LABORATOR Nr.11

ANALIZA ANIONILOR DIN GRUPELE II - III ANALITICE

1. Caracteristica anionilor
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50
 Reacţiile analitice ale anionilor din grupa II analitică
ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUARE EFECTUL
ANIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

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 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUARE EFECTUL
ANIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

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 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUARE EFECTUL
ANIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

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 Reacţiile analitice ale anionilor din grupa III analitică
ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUARE EFECTUL
ANIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

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 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUARE EFECTUL
ANIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

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 ECUAŢIA REACŢIEI CONDIŢIILE DE EFECTUL
ANIONUL REACTIVUL
(forma ionică!) EFECTUARE A REACŢIEI ANALITIC

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 Analiza amestecului de anioni
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CONCLUZIE: ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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57
 LUCRARE DE LABORATOR Nr.12

ANALIZA SUBSTANŢEI SOLIDE MEDICAMENTOASE

Primiți de la lector problema de studiu și de cercetare (modelul de analizat). Modelul pentru analiză primit se împartă în trei părți: una
din ele servește pentru identificarea cationului, alta – pentru descoperirea anionului, a treia se folosește la încercările preliminare și parțial
pentru verificarea rezultatelor analizei.
Analiza începe cu observările și încercările preliminare. Ele dau informații pentru orientare, necesare la alegerea metodei raționale de trecere
a modelului în soluție, și care ușurează alegerea mersului analizei.

Lista substanțelor medicamentoase care pot fi prezente în modelul de analizat

NaCl NH4Br
NaNO2 (NH4)2SO4
NaBr ZnSO4
Na2SO4 MgSO4
Na2S2O3 MgCl2
KCl MgCO3
KI CaCl2
KBr CaCO3
K2CO3 FeSO4
CH3COOK BaSO4
NH4Cl
Analiza preliminară

1. Examenul organoleptic. Cele mai de seamă semne caracteristice care indică prezența unor săruri sunt:

Culoarea …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Forma cristalelor ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Mirosul …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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2. Test cu acid sulfuric diluat și concentrat

A. Test cu acid sulfuric diluat. O porțiune mică de substanță de analizat se tratează cu câteva picături de acid sulfuric diluat și se observă
fenomenele care au loc.
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B. Test cu acid sulfuric concentrat. O porțiune mică de substanță de analizat se tratează cu câteva picături de acid sulfuric concentrat și
se observă efectele analitice care au loc.
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C. Comportarea față de diverși solvenți. Determinarea solubilității se execută cu porțiuni mici de substanță de analizat. Se încearcă mai
întâi solubilizarea în apă distilată la rece și la cald, apoi în acizi minerali diluați. În cazul când substanța nu se dizolvă nici în apă, nici în
acizi minerali diluați, se încearcă solubilizarea în acizi și baze concentrate.
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3. Dizolvarea substanței de analizat.
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4 . Analiza cationului

A. Test cu carbonatul de sodiu. La 5-6 picături de soluție de analizat se adaugă carbonat de sodiu. Dacă se formează precipitat, atunci se
face concluzia dspre prezența cationilor grupelor superioare II-VI, în caz contrar, cationii grupelor indicate lipsesc.
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B. Identificarea cationului.
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5 . Analiza anionului.
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