Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
CDERILE
problem major cu care se confrunt vrstnicii se asociaz cu un risc ridicat de:
mortalitate, morbiditate, alterare funcional, instituionalizare
reprezint rezultatul interaciunii dintre mai muli factori Influenat negativ de vrst, comorbiditi, hazardul din mediul nconjurtor
PROBLEMA:
incidena crescut a cderilor asociat cu susceptibilitatea de a se produce leziuni se datoreaz:
prevalenei crescute a comorbiditilor declinul fiziologic caracteristic vrstei
5% dintre persoanele vrstnice care cad necesit spitalizare a 5 a cauz de mortalitate la persoanele vrstnice
CDERILE
Incidena cderilor crete constant dup 60 de ani La peste 65 de ani, aproximativ 35 40% din persoanele vrstnice sntoase cad anual La persoanele instituionalizate rata cderilor este de 3 ori mai mare La peste 75 de ani rata cderilor este i mai crescut Rata injuriilor este considerabil mai mare la vrstnicii instituionalizai (cu 10 25%) 6% din cheltuielile pentru sntate ale persoanelor de peste 65 ani (SUA)
CDERILE
Sunt responsabile de 2/3 din decesele provocate de leziunile neintenionate Au consecine psihologice i sociale Reprezint 40% din situaiile de internare n cminele de btrni
FACTORI DE RISC
Factori intrinseci:
scderea forei musculare / afeciuni articulare ale membrelor inferioare scderea forei de prehensiune, tulburri de echilibru tulburri cognitive, deficite vizuale, depresie
Factori extrinseci:
polipragmazia: mai mult de 4 medicamente / anumite clase de medicamente:
psihotrope, antiaritmice clasa 1a, digoxin, diuretice
Factori de mediu:
iluminare neadecvat, covorae/carpete, absena unor echipamente de siguran n baie !
FACTORI DE RISC
Algoritm de predicie:
scderea forei musculare la old tulburrile de echilibru polipragmazia
Se vor evalua:
circumstanele cderii, identificarea factorilor de risc, comorbiditi, status funcional factorii de risc legai de mediu
Fr cderi
Fr intervenii
Cderi repetate
O singur cdere
Fr probleme
Evaluarea cderii
Intervenie multifactorial
FACTORI DE RISC
Modificabili: scderea forei musculare efectele adverse ale medicaiei hipotensiunea Factorii de mediu
Mobility Aids
Cane
Supports 15-20% of weight Options: single point, quad or hemi-cane Side opposite affected limb Fitted to ulnar styloid Contraindications
Arm weakness, moderate to severe gait or balance deficit Potential problem: inadequate support
Mobility Aid
Walker
Supports ~30% of weight Options: 4 post, 2 wheel/2 post, 3 wheel, 4 wheel, 4 wheel with seat and hand brakes (Rollator), 4 wheel with safety bars and sling seat (Merry Walker), forearm supports Fitted to ulnar styloid Contraindications:
Environmental hazards, severe arm and gait weakness Problem: slows gait, maneuverability
Mobility Aids
Crutches
Supports full body weight Options: underarm/forearm Fitting: 2 inches under shoulder; do not lean armpit on crutch Contraindications: arm weakness, shoulder arthritis, cognitive impairment Problems: neuropathy, shoulder pain, difficult to learn to use
Wheelchair
Supports full body weight Options: manual/motorized; accessories; lower to ground or one-sided drive (hemi-chair); racing, handcycle Fitting: 1-1.5 inches around hips and under knees; footplates clear floor by 1-2 inches; armrest at elbow height; removable footrests and armrests Contraindications: unable to sit, or able to walk safely Problems: deconditioning, contractures, pressure sores
Occupational Therapy
ADL training Fine motor training and adaptive equipment IADL / homemaking / community survival skills Cognitive and safety awareness assessment and remediation
ROM / flexibility of upper extremity Energy conservation and joint protection Muscle strength and endurance training
termen lung
Tai Chi Cuan Exerciii rezistive i aerobice
TRC:
exerciii de grup repetate sptmnal - mbuntirea forei, rezistenei, mersului, capaciti funcionale, scderea ratei cderilor
Province MA, Hadley EC, Hornbrook MC et al. The effects of exercise on falls in elderly patients: A preplanned meta analysis of the FICSIT trials. Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervebtion Techniques. JAMA 1995; 273: 1341 1347. Rubenstein LZ, Josephson KR, Trueblood PR et al. Effects of a group exercise program on strength, mobility and falls among fall prone elderly men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000; 55A:M317 M321.
Reducerea medicaiei la cei care iau mai mult de 4 preparate reducerea semnificativ a riscului de cdere
PROGRAME DE EDUCAIE
Intervenii multifactoriale
MEDICAIA ANTIOSTEOPOROTIC
HRT Calciu Vitamina D Ageni antiresorbtivi Reduc riscul de fractur! Nu reduc riscul de cdere!
Schimbarea medicaiei
Stimulatoarele cardiace
Tratamentul hipotensiunii ortostatice Tratamentul sindromului de sinus carotidian Sindromul vaso - vagal
TULBURRI DE VEDERE
Asociate cu cderi:
Scderea acuitii vizuale Scderea sensibilitii de contrast Scderea cmpului vizual Cataracta posterioar subcapsular Medicaia non miotic pentru glaucom
NCLMINTEA