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Experimente medicale macabre pe copii, femei, minoritati si detinuti (1845- !!"# $ %&'()*E&E +, &-.','
Posted in experimente medicale by saccsiv on septembrie 24, 2009 Multumita bunului Dumnezeu, prin stradania cititoarei Ungureanu Aurelia, iata traducerea din engleza a articolului Experimente medicale macabre pe copii, femei, minoritati si detinuti (1845- !!"# *redeti ca autoritatile sanatatii americane nu au condus niciodata experimente revoltatoare pe copii, femei, minoritati, /omosexuali si puscariasi0 .ai ganditi-va1 aceasta istorie, pusa in pagina initial de (ani 2eracit3 (un reporter al ,atural ,e4s#, a fost editata si actuali5ata cu recentele programe de vaccinare experimentala din .ar3land si ,e4 6erse37 +ata ce se intampla cu adevarat in Statele )nite cand vine vorba de exploatarea publicului pentru experimente medicale1 (1845 $ 1848# 67 .arion Sims, mai tar5iu omagiat ca 9parintele ginecologiei:, face experimente medicale pe femei africane inrobite, fara aneste5ie7 'ceste femei de obicei mor din cau5a infectiilor curand dupa operatie7 ;a5andu-se pe credinta sa ca miscarea oaselor craniene a noilor nascuti in timpul nasterilor prelungite cau5ea5a trismus <termen medical ce se refera la contractia convulsiva a maxilarelor=, el foloseste de asemenea o sula de ci5mar <ac de trasare=, o unealta ascutita pe care ci5marii o folosesc pentru a face gasuri in piele, pentru a exersa mutarea oaselor craniene a copiilor nascuti de femeile inrobite (;rin>er#7 (1885# ?ediatrul @enr3 @eiman din ,e4 Aor> infectea5a cu baietel de 4 ani, pe care el il numeste 9un idiot cu epilespie cronica:, cu gonoree, ca parte dintr-un experiment medical (9Experimentarea pe oameni1 inainte si dupa Era na5ista:# (188B# (octorul 'rt/ur Went4ort/ transforma 8 de copii din Spitalul de *opii ;oston in cobai umani cand face punctii spinale pe acestia, doar pentru a vedea daca procedura e daunatoare (S/arav# (18!B# ?rofesor al @arvard, (octorul &ic/ard Strong infectea5a pro5onieri din Cilipine cu /olera pentru a studia boalaD 1E dintre ei mor7 El ii compensea5a pe supravietuitori cu trabucuri
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si tigari7 +n timpul procesului de la ,urenberg, doctorii na5isti citea5a acest studiu pentru a Fustifica propriile lor experimente medicale (Greger, S/arav#7 (1811# (octorul @ide3o ,oguc/i de la +nstitutul &oc>efeller de *ercetari .edicale publica date despre inFectarea cu preparater de sifilis inactivat in pielea a 14B de pacienti de spital si copii normali, in incercarea de a de5volta un test de piele pentru sifilis7 .ai tar5iu, in 181E, mai multi dintre parintii acestor copii in dau in Fudecata pe (r7 ,oguc/i pentru ca i-ar fi infectat pe copiii lor cu sifilis7 (9&evi5uiri si notite1 +storia .edicinii1 Subiecti pentru Stiinta1 Experimentarea umana in 'merica inainte de *el de-al (oilea &a5boi .ondial:# (181E# Experimentatori emdicali 9testea5a: 15 copii la casa de copii St7 2incent din ?/iladelp/ia cu tuberculin, re5ultatele fiind orbire permanenta la unii dintre copii7 (esi *asa &epre5entantilor din ?ens3lvania inregistrea5a incidentul, cercetatorii nu sunt pedepsiti pentru experimente (9Experimentare umana1 +nainte si dupa Era na5ista:# (1815# (octorul 6osep/ Goldberger, la ordinul ;iroului de Sanatate ?ublica al Statelor )nite, produce ?ellagra, o boala debilitanta care afectea5a Sistemul ,ervos *entral, la 1 puscariasi din .ississippi, pentru a incerca sa gaseasca un tratament pentru aceasta boala7 )nul din subiectii testati declara mai tar5iu ca a trecut 9printr-o mie de iaduri:7 +n 18E5, dupa ce milioane mor din cau5a acestei boli, directorul ;iroului de Sanatate ?ublica al Statelor )nite admite intr-un tar5iu ca oficialii stiau de ceva vreme ca boala e cau5ata de o deficienta de niacin, dar nu au facut nimic intrucat boala afecta mai ales populatia saraca afro-americana7 +n timpul proceselor de la ,urenberg, doctorii na5isti au citat acest studiu pentru a-si Fustifica propriile experimente medicale pe detinuti ai lagarelor de concentrare7 (18E # (18E $ 18" # Serviciul de Sanatate ?ublica din %us>gee, 'las>a, diagnostic/ea5a 4!! de agricultori saraci de culoare cu sifilis, dar nu le 5ice nimic despre boala lor si nici nu-i tratea5aD in sc/imb cercetatorii ii folosesc ca si cobai umani pentru a urmari simptomele si progresia bolii7 Ei toti au murit pana la urma de aceasta boala, si nu li s-a spus niciodata lor sau familiilor lor ca puteau fi tratati (Glis5ec>, ;iblioteca de Stiinte 'le Sanatatii si Sistemului de Sanatate a )niversitatii 2irginia # (18E8# *u scopul de a testa teoria sa privind cau5ele balbaitului, proeminentul medic patolog al vorbirii, (r7 Wendell 6o/nson performea5a celebrul sau 9Experiment .onstru: pe de copii din *asa +o4a de -rfani ai Soldatilor din (avenport7 (r7 6o/nson si absolventii sai pun copii sub o presiune psi/ologica intensa, determinandu-i sa treaca de la o vorbire
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normala la o balbaire severa7 Ha acel timp, unii dintre studenti l-au averti5at in mai multe randuri pe (r7 6o/nson ca, 9in lumina celor petrecute in *el (e-al (oilea &a5boi .ondial, observatorii s-ar putea sa faca o comparatie cu experimentele na5iste pe subiecti umani, ceea ce i-ar putea distruge cariera7: ('lianta pentru ?rotectia in *ercetarea )mana# (1841# (r7 William *7 ;lac> infectea5a un bebelus de 1 luni cu /erpes, ca parte dintr-un experiment medical7 Ha vremea respectiva, editorul 6urnalului de .edicina Experimentala, Crancis ?a3ton &ous, numeste acest fapt 9un abu5 de putere, o incalcare a drepturilor individului, si fara nici o scu5a datorita faptului ca boala ce urma avea implicatii pentru stiinta: (S/arav#7 )n articol dintr-un numar al 'r/ivelor de ?ediatrie din 1841 descrie studii medicale asupra severei boli de gingii 'ngina lui 2incent, in care doctorii transmit boala de la copii bolnavi la cei sanatosi prin perii dentare (Golis5e>#7 *ercetatorii ofera catre 8!! de femei gravide lovite de saracie, la o )niversitate 2anderbilt, 9coc>tail-uri: clinice prenatale, inclu5and fier radioactiv, pentru a determina necesarul de fier la o femeie insarcinata7 (?acc/ioli# (184 # Serviciul de &a5boi */imic incepe experimente cu iperiIJ si levi5ita pe 4!!! de membrii militari din armata Statelor )nite7 )nii subiecti ai testelor nu reali5ea5a ca sunt voluntari pentru un experiment privind expunerea c/imica, precum ,at/an Sc/nurman, in varsta de 1" ani, care in 1844 crede ca este voluntar sa teste5e doar 9/ainele de vara al .arinei )7S7: (Golis5e>#7 George .er>, ?resedinte al .erc> ?/armaceuticals, este numit director al Serviciului *ercetare de &a5boi, o agentie destinata sa supraveg/e5e implementarea unui program de ra5boi biologic7 (Golis5e># (1844 $ 184B# )n capitan din corpurile medicale adresea5a in aprilie 1844 un memo catre *olonelul Stanford Warren, sef al Sectiunii .edicale a ?roiectului .an/attan, exprimandu-si ingriForarea despre efectele componentului fluorura din bomba atomica asupra sistemului nervos central si cerand testari pe animale pentru a determina extensia acestor efecte1 9dove5i clinice sugerea5a ca /exfluorura de uraniu ar putea avea un insemnat efect asupra sistemului nervos centralK ?are mult mai posibil ca acest component C, mai degraba decat %, sa fie factorul cu5ator77 (in moment ce lucrul cu acesti compusi este esential, va fi necesar sa stim dinainte ce efecte mentale apar dupa expunere:7 +n anul urmator, ?roiectul .an/attan va incepe studii pe oameni privind efectele fluorurii (Griffit/s si ;r3son#7 Ec/ipa medicala a ?roiectului .an/attan, condusa de acum infamul radiologist al )niversitatii &oc/ester, *ol7 Safford Warren, inFectea5a plutoniu in pacientii spitalului universitar Strong .emorial7 (;urton &eport# (1845#

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*ontinuand ?roiectul .an/attan, cercetatorii inFectea5a plutoniu in E pacienti la Spitalul ;illings al )niversitatii */icago (S/arav#7 (epartamentul de Stat al )S, Serviciul de informatii al armatei si *+' incep -peratiunea ?aperclip, oferind oamenilor de stiinta na5isti imunitate si identitati secrete in sc/imbul lucrului la proiecte guvernamentale secrete despre medicina de ra5boi c/imic si aerodinamic in Statele )nite7 (9?roiectul ?aperclip:# (1845 $ 1855# +n ,e4burg/, ,e4 Aor>, cercetatori legati de ?roiectul .an/attan incep cel mai extensiv studiu american facut vreodata asupra efectelor fluoridarii apei publice de baut7 (Griffit/s si ;r3son#7 (184B# *ontinuand studiul ,e4burg din 1845, proiectul .an/attan ofera comisioane )niveristatii &oc/ester pentru a studia efectele fluorurii asupra animalelor si a oamenilor intr-un proiect cu numele de cod 9?rogramul C7: *u aFutorul (epartamentului de Stat al Sanatatii ,e4 Aor>, cercetatorii programului C colectea5a si anali5ea5a in secret sange si monstre de tesut de la locuitorii din ,e4burg7 Studiile sunt sponsori5ate de *omisia de Energie 'tomica si au loc la Spitalul Strong .emorial al *entrului .edical al )niveristatii &oc/ester7 (184B $ 184"# *ercetatorii )niversitatii &oc/ester inFectea5a 4 barbati si femei cu uranium- E4 si uranium- E5, in do5e ce variau de la B74 la "!7" micrograme per >ilogram de greutate corporala, pentru a studia cat uraniu puteau sa tolere5e inainte ca rinic/ii sa fie afectati (Golis5e>#7 Sase barbati angaFati ai laboratorului metalurgic */icago primesc apa de baut contaminata cu plutoniu- E8, pentru ca cercetatorii sa poata afla cum este plutoniul absorbit de tractul digestiv (Golis5e>#7 *ercetatorii incep sa foloseasca pacientii din spitale ca subiecti umani pentru experimente medicale, numite inteligent drept 9investigatii: sau 9observatii: in rapoartele studiilor medicale pentru a evita conotatiile negative si publicitatea negativa (S/arav#7 ?ublicul american afla intr-un final despre experimentele de ra5boi biologic derulate la Cort (etric> dintr-un raport emis de (epartamentul de &a5boi (Golis5e>#7 (184"# *ol7 E7E7 Lir>patric> din *omisia (e Energie 'tomica a Statelor )nite emite un document top-secret ("!"!"5# datat in 8 ianuarie7 +n acesta, el scrie despre faptul ca 9anumite substante radioactive sunt pregatite pentru administrare intravenoasa sa subiecti umani ca parte a muncii in contract7: (Golis5e>#7 )ndocument secret al aceleiasi comisii, datat in 1" aprilie, specifica 9este de dorit ca nici un document sa fie eliberat care sa se refere la experiemente pe oameni, ce ar putea genera o reactie negativa a opiniei publice sau procese legale:, reveland faptul ca guvernul american era constient de riscurile de sanatate pe care testele sale nucleare le ridicau personalului militar ce conducea experimentele sau pentru civilii aflati in imediata apropiere (Golis5e>#7 *+' incepe sa studie5e potentialul HS(-ului ca arma, folosind subiecti civili si militari pentru

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experimente, fara acordul acestora sau c/iar fara cunostinta acestora7 +n final, aceste studii legate de HS( vor evolua in proiectul .L)H%&' in 185E (S/arav#7 (184" $ 185E# .arina Statelor )nite incepe ?roiectul */atter, pentru a identifica si testa asa numitele 9seruri ale adevarului:, precum cele folosite de )niunea Sovietica pentru a interoga spioni7 .escalina si scopolamina, un depresant al sistemului nervos central, sunt printre multele droguri testate pe subiecti umani (Golis5e>#7 (1848# ;a5andu-se pe studiile secrete facute pe localnicii din ,e4burg, ,e4 Aor>, incepand cu 1845, cercetatorii ?roiectului C au publicat un raport in editia din 'ugust 1848 a 6urnalului 'sociatiei (entale 'mericane, detaliind pericolele pentru sanatate ale fluorurii7 *omisia Energiei 'tomice a Statelor )nite il cen5urea5a rapid din motive de 9securitate nationala:7 (Griffit/s si ;r3son# (185!# (185! $ 185E# 'rmata americana eliberea5a nori c/imici deasupra a B orase americane si canadiene7 Hocalnicii din Winnipeg, *anada, unde este aruncat un c/imical extrem de toxic numit cadmiu, ulterior de5volta rate ridicate de boli respiratorii7 (*oc>burn and St7 *lair, eds7# ?entru a determina cat de sensibil ar fi un oras american la un atac bilogic, marina americana spre3a5a din nave un nor de bacterii ;acillus Globigii, inspre tarmul San Crancisco-ului7 +n conformitate cu instrumentele de monitori5are situate pe intregul cuprins al orasului pentru a testa infectia, cei 8!!! de localnici ai San Crancisco-ului au in/alat 5!!! sau mai multe particule de bacterie, multi acu5and simptome asemanatoare pneumoniei (Golis5e>#7 (octorul 6osep/ Stro>es de la )niversitatea ?enns3lvania infectea5a !! de detinute cu /epatita virala pentru a studia boala (S/arav#7 (octori de la Spitalul -rasului *leveland studia5a sc/imbarile in fluxul sangvin cerebral inFectand subiectii testati cu aneste5ic spinal, inserand ace in venele lor Fugulare si in arterele bra/iale, aplecandu-le capetele si, dupa pierderi masive de sange cau5ea5a parali5ie si lesin, masurandu-le presiunea sangelui7 Ei au reali5at in repetate randuri aceste experimente pe aceeasi subiecti (Golis5e>#7 (r7 ( E4en *ameron, mai tar5iu de infamia .L)H%&' datorata experimentelor sale din 185" si 18B4 pe canadieni, publica un articol in 6urnalul ;ritanic de .edicina, in care descrie experimentele care presupun fortarea pacientilor sc/i5ofrenici din Spitalul de ;oli .intale ;randon din .anitoba, sa stea intinsi sub lampi rosii intre 15 si !! de 4atts timp de 8 ore pe 5i7 'lte experimente de-ale sale includ pacienti cu boli mintale intr-o cusca electrica care supra-incal5este temperatura corporala interna pana la 1!E grade Ca/ren/eit, si inducerea comei prin administrarea de inFectii substantiale de insulina (Golis5e>#7 (1851#

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'rmata americana contaminea5a in secret *entrul de 'provi5ionare ,avala ,orfol> din 2irginia si Was/ington, 'eroportul ,ational din (7*7, cu o arie de bacterii alese pentru ca se credea ca afro-americanii sunt mai sensibili la acestea decat cauca5ienii7 Experimentul a cau5at toxi-infectii alimentare, probleme respiratorii si otravirea sangelui7 (*oc>burn and St7 *lair, eds7#7 (1851 $ 185B# *onform contractului cu Scoala de medicina 'viatica a Cortelor 'eriene (S'.#, *entrul de *ancer .( 'nderson din @uston apartinand de )niversitatea %exas incepe sa studie5e efectele radiatiilor asupra pacientilor cu cancer $ multi dintre ei membrii ai unor grupuri minoritare sau de indigeni, dupa cate spun sursele $ pentru a determina atat abilitatea radiatiilor de a trata cancerul, cat si posibilele efecte pe termen lung ale radiatiilor asupra pilotilor care pilotea5a avioane pe ba5a de energie nucleara7 Studiul durea5a pana in 185B, implicand BE de pacienti cu cancer7 +ncepand din 185E, subiectilor li se cere sa semne5e un formular de renuntare la drepturi, dar nici acesta nu se conformea5a cerintelor de consens stabilite de memo-ul Wilson eliberat in acel an7 Studiile %;+ insa vor continua la 4 institutii diferite1 *olegiul de .edicina al )niveristatii ;a3lor, +nstitutul .emorial Sloan-Lettering pentru *ercetarea *ancerului, Spitalul .arinei 'mericane din ;et/esda si *olegiul de .edicina 'l )niversitatii *incinnati $ pana in 18"1 ((epartamentul 'merican al Energiei, Golis5e>#7 -ficiali ai Serviciilor de informatie si armatei americane, canadiene si britanice aduna un mic grup de psi/ologi eminenti la o intrunire sectreta la @otelul &it5-*arlton din .ontreal pe tema 9te/nicilor de control mental: comuniste7 Ei propun un program de cercetare strict secret despre modificarile comportamentale $ implicand testarea de droguri, /ipno5a, socuri electrice si lobotomii pe subiecti umani (;ar>er#7 (185 # Ha faimosul +nstitut Sloan-Lettering, */ester . Sout/am inFectea5a celule canceroase vii in detinuti din +nc/isoarea Statului -/io, pentru a studia progresia bolii7 6umatate din detinutii din acest studiu sponsori5at de +nstitutul ,ational de Sanatate (,+@# sunt de culoare, tre5ind obstacole de suspiciunii de rasism din partea %us>egee, care de asemenea era un studiu sponsori5at de ,+@7 (.errite, et al7# (185E $ 18"4# *omisia 'mericana de Energie 'tomica ('E*# sponsori5ea5a studii cu iod la )niversitatea +o4a7 +n primul studiu, cercetatorii dau unor femei insarcinate intre 1!! si !! de microcurii de iod-1E1 si apoi studia5a embrionii avortoni ai femeilor pentru a afla la ce stadiu si la ce cantitate de iod radioactiv se trece de bariera placentara7 +n al doilea studiu, cercetatorii dau unor nou-nascuti, 1 baieti si 1E fetite, in varsta de sub EB de ore si in greutate intre 575 si 875 punds, iod-1E1, fie oral, fie prin inFectie intra-musculara, mai tar5iu masurand concentratia de iod din glanda tiroida a nou-nascutilor (Golis5e>#7 *a parte dintr-un studiu 'E*, cercetatorii /ranesc 8 de copii sanatosi, la *olegiul de .edicina 'l )niversitatii ,ebras>a, iod-1E1 printr-un tub gastric si apoi testea5a concentratia de iod din glanda tiroida dupa 4 de ore (Golis5e>#7
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(185E $ 185"# 11 pacienti de la Spitalul General .assac/usetts din ;oston sunt inFectati cu uraniu ca parte din ?roiectul .an/attan (S/arav#7 +nntr-un studiu sponsori5at de 'E* la )niversitatea din %ennessee, cercetatorii inFectea5a nou-nascuti sanatosi in varsta de sau E 5ile cu aproximativ B! de rad de iod-1E1 (Golis5e>#7 ,ou-nascutul (aniel ;urton orbeste cand medici de la Spitalul (octorilor ;roo>l3n fac un tratament experimental cu oxigen pentru fibropla5ie retrolentala, o boala a retinei care afectea5a copiii prematuri, aplicand tratamentul asupra acestui copil dar si asupra altor bebelusi prematuri7 .edicii aplica tratamentul in ciuda faptului ca studii anterioare arata ca nivelele ridicate de oxigen cau5ea5a orbire7 - marturie in procesul ;urton versus Spitalul (octorilor ;roo>l3n (45 ,7A7S7 d8"5# de5valuie mai tar5iu ca cercetatorii au continuat sa administre5e lui ;urton si altor copii oxigen in exces c/iar si dupa ce oc/ii lor se inflamasera pana la nivele periculoase (Golis5e>, S/arav#7 +ntr-un articol din 185E din *linical Science este descris un experiment medical in care cercetatorii, in mod intentionat aplica cantarida pe abdomenul a 41 de copii, cu varste cuprinse intre 8 si 14 ani, pentru a vedea cat de severa este iritatia produsa pe piele de aceasta substanta (Golis5e>#7 'E* performea5a o serie de teste pe teren, cunoscute sub numele de 9Green &un:, aruncand iod radioactiv 1E1 si xenon 1EE peste @anford, Was/ington $ 5!! !!! de acriMpogoane ce cuprindeau E orase mici (/anford, W/ite ;luffs si &ic/land# de-a lungul raului *olumbia (S/arav#7 +ntr-un studiu sponsori5at de 'E* pentru a afla daca iodul radioactiv afectea5a copiii prematuri in mod diferit de cei cascuti la termen, cercetatorii din Spitalul @arper din (etroit ofera do5e orale de iod 1E1 la B5 de copii prematuri si nascuti la termen, copiii cantarind intre 71 si 575 pounds (Golis5e>#7 (1855 $ 185"# *u scopul de a afla in ce fel vremea rece afectea5a fi5iologia umana, cercetatorii administrea5a un total de !! de do5e de iod-1E1, un trasor radioactiv ce se concentrea5a aproape imediat in glanda tiroida, la 85 de esc/imosi sanatosi si 1" indieni at/apascan ce locuiau in 'las>a7 Ei au studiat trasorul c/imic in cadrul organismului prin sange, tesut tiroidian, monstre de urina si saliva prelevate de la subiectii testului7 (in cau5a barierei de limba, nimeni nu explica subiectilor ce li se face, deci nu exista nici un fel de consimtamant informat (Golis5e>#7 (185B $ 185"# *ercetatori sub acoperire ai 'rmatei Statelor )nite, ce cercetau arme bilogice, eliberea5a tantari infectati cu febra galbena si cu febra dengue peste Savanna/ si peste 'von ?ar>, pentru a testa abilitatea insectelor de a transmite boli7 (upa fiecare test, agenti ai armatei se dau drept oficiali ai sanantatii publice pentru a testa victimele pentru efecte si fac po5e ale subiectilor nestiutori7 'ceste experimente au ca re5ultate o incidenta mare de febra, boli respiratorii, copii nascuti morti, encefalite si febra tifoida printre locuitorii celor doua orase, precum si mai multe morti (*oc>burn and St7 *lair, eds#

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(185"# 'rmata Statelor )nite conduce -peratiunea ?lumbbob in locatia de testare ,evada, situata la B5 de mile nord-vest de Has 2egas7 -peratiune ?lumbbob consta in 8 de detonari nucleare, eventual crearea unor radiatii ce se asteapta sa aibe ca re5ultat un total de E !!! de ca5uri de cancer tiroidian printre locuitorii 5onei respective7 'proximativ 18 !!! de membrii ai armatei americane partcipa la programul (esert &oc> 2++ si 2+++ ale -peratiunii ?lumbbob, ce sunt concepute pentru a vedea cum raspunde soldatul american obisnuit, din punct de vedere mental si fi5iologic, la un camp de lupta nuclear (9-peration ?lumbbob:, Golis5e>#7 (185" $ 18B4# *a parte din .L)H%&', *+' plateste pe fondatorul (epartamentului de ?si/iatrie al )niversitatii .cGill, (octorul (7 E4en *ameron, cu suma de B8 !!! de dolari pentru a face studii cu HS( si experiemtente cu potential letal pe canadieni ce sunt tratati pentru tulburari minore gen depresie post-partum sau anxietate la +nstitutul .emorial 'llan, ce ga5duieste Spitalul &o3al 2ictoria din .ontreal7 *+' il incuraFea5a pe (r7 *ameron sa explore5e pe deplin conceptul sau 9psi/ic stimulant: de corectare a nebuniei prin stergerea completa a memoriei si prin re-scrierea psi/ica7 'ceste 9stimulante: experimente implica punerea subiectilor umani in stari vegetative induse prin medicatie, electrosocuri sau deprivare sen5oriala pentru pana la E luni, pentru ca apoi sa li se puna casete cu diverse 5gomote sau afirmatii repetitive timp de saptamani sau luni, cu scopul de a 9rescrie: psi/icul 9sters:7 (octor *ameron administrea5a de asemenea subiectilor umani medicamente parali5ante si terapie electroconvulsiva de cate E!-4! de ori, ca parte din experimentele sale7 .aForitatea subiectilor (octorului *ameron sufera pierderi permanente ca re5ultat al lucrarilor acestuia (Golis5e>, 9(onald E4an *ameron:#7 ?entru a studia modul cum circula sangele in creierele copiilor, cercetatori de la Spitalul de *opii din ?/iladelp/ia performea5a urmatorul experiment pe copii sanatosi, cu varste intre E si 11 ani1 inserea5a ace in artera femurala a fiecarui copil (in coapsa# si in vena Fugulara (in gat#, extragand in Fos sangele din creier7 'poi, fortea5a fiecare copil sa in/ale5e un ga5 special printr-o masca de fata7 +n articolul ce urmea5a studiului aparut in 6urnalul de +nvestigatii *linice, cercetatorii notea5a ca, pentru a performa experimentul, au fost nevoiti sa imobili5e5e o parte din copiii subiecti ai testului prin legarea lor de masa medicala (Golis5e>#7 (1858# *omisia 'mericana de Energie 'tomica ('E*# arunca materiale radioactive peste ?oint /ope, 'las>a, camin al +nupiatilor, intr-un test de teren cunoscut sub numele de cod 9?roiectul */ariot: (S/arav#7 (18B1#

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+n raspuns la procesele de la ,urenberg, psi/ologul de la Aale, Stanle3 .ilgram incepe faimosul sau studiu -bedienta fata de 'utoritate cu scopul de a raspunde la intrebarea 9Este posibil ca 'dolf Eic/mann si milioanele sale de complici la @olocaust pur si simplu doar urmau ordine0 ?utem sa-i numim pe toti complici0: Subiecti barbati, cu varste intre ! si 4! de ani, avand toate tipurile de medii educationale, primesc instructaFul de a administra electr-socuri 9elevilor: de fiecare data cand acestia dau un raspuns gresit la niste intrebari7 +n realitate, elevii sunt actori care nu primesc nici un fel de electrosoc, dar ceea ce contea5a este ca subiectii testului nu stiu asta7 +n mod uimitor, acestia continua sa le aplice 9socuri: cu o intensitate din ce in ce mai mare, c/iar si dupa ce actorii manifesta vi5ibil durere fi5ica7 (9.iligram Experiment:# (18B # *ercetatori de la *entrul de *opii Haurel din .ar3land testea5a antibiotice experimentale anti-acnee pe copii si continua aceste teste c/iar si dupa ce Fumatate din tinerii subiecti testati de5volta severe suferinte ale ficatului din cau5a medicatiei experimentale (Golis5e>#7 C(' incepe sa ceara ca orice nou farmaceutic sa treaca de E testari clinice pe oameni inainte de a fi aprobat7 (in 18B pana in 188!, companiile farmaceutice satisfac aceasta cerinta deruland teste de Ca5a 1, care determina toxicitatea medicamentului, pe detinuti, dandu-le ca si compensatie mici sume de bani (S/arav#7 (18BE# */ester .7 Sout/am, cel care inFectase detinuti cu celule canceroase vii in 185 , performea5a aceeasi procedura pe femei afro-americane senile, paciente ale Spitalului Evreiesc de ;oli *ronice din ;roo>l3n, pentru a observa raspunsul lor imunologic7 Sout/am le spune pacientelor ca ele primesc 9niste celule: dar omite faptul ca acestea sunt canceroase7 El pretinde ca nu obtine consimtamantul lor informat pentru ca nu doreste sa le sperie spunandu-le ce le face, dar totusi isi pierde temporar licenta medicala din cau5a acestui fapt7 +n mod ironic, el devine in cele din urma presedintele 'sociatiei 'mericane de *ancer (Greger, .erritte, et al7#7 *ercetatorii de la )niversitatea Was/ington iradia5a direct prin teste E de detinuti, pentru a determina efectele radiatiilor asupra functiilor testiculare7 *and acesti detinuti parasesc mai tar5iu inc/isoarea si au copii, cel putin 4 au copii nascuti cu defecte din nastere7 ,umarul exact este necunoscut pentru ca cercetatorii nu au urmarit oamenii pentru a vedea efectele pe termen lung ale experimentelor lor (Golis5e>#7 (18BE $ 18BB# *ercetatorul )niversitatii din ,e4 Aor>, Saul Lrugman promite unor parinti cu copii cu deficiente mentale acceptarea sigura la Scoala de Stat Willo4broo> din Staten +sland, o institutie de re5identa pentru copii retardati mintal, in sc/imbul semnaturilor lor pe un formular pentru a fi de acord cu niste proceduri pre5entate drept 9vaccinari:7 +n realitate, procedurile implica infectarea deliberata a copiilor cu /epatita virala prin /ranirea lor cu un extract din fecalele pacientilor infectati, astfel incat Lrugman sa poata studia cursul /epatitei virale, precum si eficienta vaccinului anti-/epatita (@ammer ;reslo4#
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(18BE $ 18"1# Endocrinologul de varf (r7 *arl @eller ofera catre B" de detinuti din +nc/isoare de Stat -regon din Salem 5 dolari pe luna si 5 de dolari pentru o biopsie de tesut testicular ca si compensatie pentru a-i permite sa performe5e experimete cu iradiere7 (aca ei primesc sa faca vasectomie la sfarsitul studiului, pri5onierii primesc inca 1!! de dolari (S/arav, Golis5e># *ercetatorii inFectea5a un compus genetic, numit timidin radioactiv, in testiculele a peste 1!! de detinuti din ?enitenciarul de Stat oregon pentru a afla daca productia de sperma este afectata de expunerea la /ormoni steroi5i (Greger#7 +ntr-un studiu publicat in ?ediatrie, cercetatori de la (epartamentul de ?ediatrie al )niversitatii din *alifornia folosesc 11E nou-nascuti cu varste cuprinse intre o ora si trei 5ile intr-o serie de experimente folosite pentru a studia sc/imbari in presiunea si fluxul sangvin7 +ntr-un studiu, doctorii inserea5a un cateter prin arterele ombilicale ale nou-nascutilor, pe care apoi ii scufunda cu picioarele in apa rece ca g/eata in timp ce inregistrea5a presiunea aortica7 +n alt experiment, doctorii leaga in c/ingi pe o masa de circumci5ie 5! de nounascuti, apleaca masa astfel incat sangele se acumulea5a in cap si apoi masoara presiunea sangelui (Golis5e># (18B4 $ 18B"# *ompania (o4 */emical il plateste pe ?rofesorul Lligman 1! !!! de dolari pentru a afla cum dioxina $ un toxic puternic, component cancerigen al 'gentului -range $ si alte erbicide, afectea5a pielea umana, pentru ca muncitori de la fabrica c/imica au de5voltat o problema similara acneei, denumita *loracnee, si compania ar dori sa afle daca sunt de vina c/imicalele cu care lucrea5a7 *a parte a studiului, ?rofesorul Lligman aplica in mare cantitatea de dioxina la care muncitorii (o4 sunt expusi, la B! de detinuti, si este foarte de5amagit cand detinutii nu manifesta simptome de *loracnee7 +n 188! si 1881, cobaii umani implicati in acest studiu incep sa-l dea in Fudecata pe ?rofesorul Lligman pentru complicatii precum lupus sau daune psi/ologice (La3e#7 (18B5# *a parte a unui test cunoscut sub numele de cod 9;ig %om:, (epartamentul de 'parare imprastie -a/u, cea mai populata insula din @a4aii, cu ;acillus Globigii cu scopul de a simula un atac asupra unui complex de insule7 ;acillus Globigii provoaca infectii la oamenii cu sistemul imunitar mai slabit, dar acest fapt ramane necunoscut cercetatorilor la acel moment7 (Golis5e>, .artin#7 (18BB# -ameni de stiinta ai 'rmatei Statelor )nite arunca becuri electrice umplute cu ;acillus Subtilis prin gurile de ventilatie ale sistemului metroului din ,e4 %or> *it3, expunand mai mult de 1 milion de civili, inclu5and femei si copii, la bacterie (Golis5e># (18B"#

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*+' plasea5a un c/imical in re5erva de apa potabila a centrelor C(' din Was/ington (*, pentru a vedea daca este posibil sa contamine5i apa cu HS( si alte substante (*oc>burn si St7 *lair, eds7# +ntr-un studiu publicat in 6urnalul de +nvestigatii *linice, cercetatorii inFectea5a femei gravide cu cortisol radioactiv, pentru a vedea daca materialul radioactiv va penetra placenta si va afecta fetusul (Golis5e>#7 'rmata Statelor )nite plateste pe profesorul Lligman sa aplice c/imicale ce irita pielea pe fetele si spatele detinutilor din +nc/isoarea @olmesburg, pentru ca, dupa cum spune profesorul Lligman, 9sa vedem cum pielea se proteFea5a impotriva asaltului cronic al unor c/imicale, in asa numitul proces de ingrosare:, informatii ce vor avea atat aplicatii defensive, cat si ofensive, pentru militarii americani (La3e#7 ?rofesorul Lligman de5volta &etin-', ca si crema acneica (si eventual pentru riduri#, ceea ce-l transforma intr-un multi-milionar (La3e#7 *ercetatorii parali5ea5a B4 de detinuti in *alifornia cu un compus neuro-muscular numit succinilcolin, care produce suprimarea respiratiei ce se simte similar inecului7 *and 5 detinuti refu5a sa participe la experimentul medical, comisia de tratament special al inc/isorii da cercetatorilor permisiunea de a inFecta pri5onierii cu drogul respectiv impotriva vointei lor7 (18B8# ?lanificarea ?arentala din San 'ntonio si din %exasul Sud-*entral, precum si Cundatia Sout/4est pentru *ercetare si Educatie incep un studiu privind contraceptia orala pe "! de femei americane mexicane sarace, dand doar catre Fumatate din ele contraceptivele si catre cealalta Fumatate administrand un placebo7 *and re5ultatele studiului sunt expuse cativa ani mai tar5iu, se starneste o controversa serioasa intre mexico-americani (S/arav, Sauter#7 (18B8# .edicamente experimentale sunt testate pe copii cu disabilitati mentale din .illedgeville, fara nici un fel de aprobare a institutiei7 6udecatorul Sam Steinfeld a fost primul Fudecator care, in ca5ul Strun> vs7 Strun>, 455 S7W7 d 145, a sugerat aplicarea *odului ,uremberg in ca5urile *urtii 'mericane (S/arav#7 (18"!# Sub impactul ordinului dat de +nstitutul ,ational de Sanatate (,+@#, cel care a sponsori5at si Experimentul %us>egee, programul gratuit de ingriFirea copilului de la )niversitatea 6o/n @op>ins colectea5a monstre de sange de la "!!! de tineri afro-americani, spunandu-le parintilor lor ca ii verifica de anemie, dar de fapt cautand extra-cromo5omul A (NAA#, considerat a fi predispo5itia bilogica spre crima7 (irectorul programului, (igamber ;organo>ar, face acest experiment fara permisiunea )niversitatii (Greger, .errite, et al7# (18"1# )niversitatea Standford conduce experimentul +nc/isoarea Stanford pe un grup de studenti, cu scopul de a invata psi/ologia vietii de inc/isoare7 )nii studenti primesc rolul de gardieni, in timp ce altii pe cel de pri5onieri7 (upa numai B 5ile, studiul ce initial trebuia sa dure5e saptamani trebuie sa se inc/eie, din cau5a efectelor psi/ologice asupra
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participantilor7 9Gardienii: incep sa se comporte sadic, in timp ce 9pri5onierii: dau semne de depresie si stres psi/ologic sever ()niversitatea ,e4 @amps/ire#7 )n articol intitulat 9+nfectia virala la om asociata cu stari de deficienta imunologica dobandita: apare in ?rocedurile Cederatiei7 (r7 mc'rt/ur si (ivi5ia de -peratiuni Speciale a Cortului (etric> au derulat, la acest moment, cercetari cu micoplasma pentru a crea un agent imunosupresiv sintetic, vreme de aproape un an, sugerand inca o data ca acest studiu a produs virusul @+27 (Golis5e># (18"E# )n ?anou *onsultativ 'd @oc emite &aportul sau Cinal privind studiul despre sifilis %us>egee, scriind 9societatea nu-si mai poate permite sa lase ec/ilibrarea drepturilor individuale cu progresul stiintific in seama comunitatii stiintifice: (S/arav#7 (18""# Higa ,ationala )rbana sustine *onferinta ,ationala a experimentelor pe oameni, declarand 9,u vrem sa ucidem stiinta, dar nu vrem nici ca stiinta sa ne ucida, sa ne sc/ilodeasca, sa ne abu5e5e7: (18"8# *(* incepe testarile privind vaccinul experimental impotriva /epatitei ;7 'nunturile sale pentru subiecti ai cercetarii cer in mod specific barbati /omosexuali cu vieti promiscui7 ?rofesorul Wolf S5muness de la Scoala de Sanatate ?ublica a )niversitatii *olumbiaau reali5at serumul infectios al vaccinului din piscina de serumuri de sange prelevat de la /omosexualii infectati cu /epatita si l-a de5voltat apoi in cimpan5ei, singurele animale susceptibile de a face /epatita ;, aFungandu-se astfel la teoria ca @+2 originea5a din cimpan5ei inainte de a fi fost transferat la oameni prin intermediul acestui vaccin7 Ha cateva luni dupa ce 1!8E de barbati /omosexuali primesc vaccinul, doctorii din ,e4 Aor> incep sa observe ca5uri de sarcoma Laposi, .3coplasma ?enetrans si un nou val de virus de /erpes printre tinerii ne43or>e5i din comunitatea de /omosexuali $ boli de regula neintalnite intre tinerii americani, dar care mai tar5iu vor fi cunoscute ca boli oportuniste comune asociate cu S+('7 (188!# ?ana in acest moment, dupa cum indica testele asupra mostrelor de sange derulate dupa cativa ani, !O din toti /omosexualii care au participat la experimentul de vaccinare contra /epatitei ; in 18"8 sunt infectati cu @+27 ?rimul ca5 de S+(' apare in San Crancisco (Golis5e>#7 (1881# *(* recunoaste ca boala cunoscuta ca S+(' exista si confirma B de ca5uri de boala $ toate la /omosexuali initial sanatosi ce traiau in ,e4 Aor>, San Crancisco si Hos 'ngeles $
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din nou spriFinind speculatia ca S+(' originea5a din experimentul cu /epatita ; din 18"8 si 188!7 (188 # E!O din subiectii de test folositi in experimentul vaccinarii contra /epatita ; al *(* sunt in acest moment diagnosticati cu @+27 (1885# )n fost sergent al 'rmatei Statelor )nite incearca sa dea in Fudecata armata pentru ca a folosit pe el droguri fara consimtamantul si fara stirea sa, in ca5ul Statele )nite vs7 Stanle3, 48E )7S7 BB87 6udecatorul 'ntonin Scalia scrie deci5ia, exonerand armata americana de orice raspundere pentru experimente trecute, pre5ente sau militare performate fara acordul informat7 (.errite et al7 # (188"# Hocuitoare a ?/iladelp/iei, (oris 6ac>son descopera ca cercetatorii au scos creierul fiului sau decedat, post-mortem, pentru studii medicale7 .ai tar5iu ea afla ca statul ?enns3lvania are o doctrina a 9consimtamantului implicit:, ceea ce inseamna ca daca un pacient nu semnea5a un document prin care sa specifice altceva, consimtamantul privind prelevarea de organe este automat implicit (.errite, et al7# (1888# (1888 $ !!1# 'dministratia pentru Serviciile *opiilor din ,e4 Aor> incepe sa permita ca orfani din aproape doua du5ini de orfelinate sa fie folositi in testari pentru medicamente experimentale pentru S+(', intr-un experiment sponsori5at de +nstitutul ,ational de Sanatate (,+@#7 'cesti copii $ in total 4B5 pana la sfarsitul programului $ sufera serioase efecte secundare, inclu5and inabilitatea de a merge, diaree, varsaturi, inc/eieturi umflate si crampe7 'ngaFatii orfelinatelor nu stiu ca ei administrea5a copiilor infectati cu @+2 medicamente experimentale, si nicidecum tratamente standard pentru S+('7 (188!# Statele )nite trimite 17" milioane de membrii ale fortelor armate, O dintre ei fiind afroamericani, in golful ?ersiei pentru &a5boiul din Golf (9Curtuna in (esert:#7 .ai mult de 4!! !!! dintre soldati primesc ordin de a lua un medicament experimental pentru nervi, numit piridostigmina, care este mai tar5iu considerat cau5a Sindromului &a5boiului din Golf $ simptome variind de la probleme ale pielii, la tulburari neurologice, incontinenta, salivare incontrolabila si probleme de vedere $ ce afectea5a pe veteranii &a5boiului din Golf7 (Golis5e>, .errite, et al7# *(* si Leiser ?/armaceuticals din Sudul *aliforniei inFectea5a 15!! de copii de culoare si /ispanici din Hos 'ngeles cu un vaccin 9experimental: contra poFarului, ce nu primise niciodata licenta pentru a fi folosit in Statele )nite7 Ha acest risc se adauga si faptul ca bebelusii sub un an s-ar putea sa nu aiba
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o cantitate adecvata de mielina in Furul nervilor, ceea ce ar putea re5ulta intr-o de5voltare neuronala defectuoasa din cau5a vaccinului7 *(* admite mai tar5iu ca parintii nu au fost niciodata informati de faptul ca vaccinul administrat copiilor lor este experimental (Golis5e>#7 C(' permite (epartamentului de 'parare al Statelor )nite sa fluture *odul ,uremberg si sa utili5e5e medicamente si vaccinuri ne-aprobate in -peratiunea (esert S/ield (S/arav# (188 # +nstitutul ?si/iatric de Stat ,e4 Aor> al )niversitatii *olumbia si Scoala de .edicina .ount Sinai administrea5a la 1!! de baieti $ maForitatea afro-americani si /ispanici, toti cu varste cuprinse intre B si 1! ani, toti frati mai mici ai unor delicventi Fuvenili $ 1! miligrame de fenfluramina (fen-fen# per >ilogram de greutate corporala pentru a testa teoria cum ca nivelele sca5ute de serotonina sunt legate de comportamentul agresiv sau violent7 ?arintii participantilor au primit 1 5 de dolari, inclu5and un bon de cadou de la %o3s P&Q )s in valoare de 5 de dolari7 (Golis5e># (1884# ?resedintele *linton infiintea5a *omisia *onsultativa asupra Experimentelor cu &adiatii pe -ameni ('*@&E#, care in sfarsit scoate la lumina oribilele experimente conduse in timpul erei &a5boiului &ece, intr-un raport '*@&E7 (1885# )n student de 18 ani de la )niversitatea &oc/ester moare in urma participarii la un experiment sponsori5at de .+% care testea5a c/imicale si poluanti aerieni pe oameni7 Experimentul plateste 15! de dolari subiectilor umani (S/arav#7 +n sedinta din 15 martie a '*@&E, fosti subiecti umani ai experimentelor, inclu5andu-i pe cei care fusesera copii cand au fost folositi in experimente, au depus marturie sub Furamant, declarand ca au fost supusi unor experimente cu radiatii siMsau splati pe creier, /ipnoti5ati, drogati, torturati psi/ologic, amenintati si c/iar violati in timpul experimentelor *+'7 .arturiile sub Furamant includ urmatoarele declaratii1 - declaratia */ristinei (e,icola care spune ca, in %ucson, 'ri5ona, din 18BB pana in 18"B, 9(r7 ;: a performat experimente de control mental folosind droguri, inFectii post/ipnotice si drama, si experimente de iradiere a gatului, pieptului si uterului7 Ea avea doar 4 ani cand au inceput experimentele7 - declaratia *laudiei .ullen precum ca (r7 Sidne3 Gottlieb (nume de re5onanta .L)H%&'# a folosit c/imicale, radiatii, /ipno5a, droguri, i5olarea in tuburi de apa, deprivarea de somn, socurile electrice, spalarea pe creier, abu5ul emotional, sexual si verbal ca parte a experimentelor sale de control mental ce aveau ca obiectiv final transformarea ei, care era doar un copil la vremea aceea, intr-un 9spion perfect: Ea declara comisiei consultative ca cercetatorii au Fustificat acest abu5 spunandu-i ca-si serveste tara 9in efortul indra5net de a lupta contra comunismului:
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- declaratia Su55anei Starr, care spune ca 9un doctor, retras din armata, a luat copii din muntii *olorado pentru experimente:7 Ea spune ca a fost unul din acei copii si ca a fost victima unor experimente implicand deprivarea sen5oriala pana la punctul instalarii psi/o5ei, programarea prin centrifugare, inFectii, viol si electrosocuri frecvente si sesiuni de control mental7 9.-am luptat cu mesaFe programate auto-distructive de a ma sinucide, si stiu ce este un mesaF programat si nu actione5 in urma acestora: declara ea comisiei consultative despre efectele pe termen lung ale experimentelor, cu ecou c/iar si in perioada adulta (Golis5e>#7 ?resedintele *linton isi cere scu5e public miilor de oameni care au fost victime ale .L)H%&' si ale altor programe de control mental (S/arav#7 ?resedintele infiintea5a *omisia *onsultativa ,ationala de ;ioetica (S/arav#7 6udecatorul Ed4ard Greenfield de la *urtea Suprema a Statului ,e4 Aor> decide ca parintii nu au dreptul sa implice ca voluntari copiii incapacitati mental pentru studii de cercetare medicala nonterapeutice, si ca nici o persoana incapacitata mental nu poate fi folosita intr-un experiment medical fara consimtamantul informat7 (S/arav# (188B# ?rofesorul 'dil E7 S/amoo de la )niversitatea .ar3land si -rgani5atia *etateni pentru *ercetarea si +ngriFirea &esponsabila trimite o marturie scrisa despre folosirea ne-etica a veteranilor in cercetarea medicala catre *omisia Senatului Statelor )nite pentru 'faceri Guvernamentale, declarand 9'cest tip de cercetari se desfasoara in pre5ent pe tot cuprinsul tarii in centre medicale si spitale, fiind finantate cu 5eci de milioane de dolari din banii contribuabililor7 'ceste experimente sunt abu5ive si foarte riscante, cau5and nu doar daune fi5ice si psi/ice pentru cele mai multe grupuri vulnerabile, dar si degradand sistemul nostru social de valori umane7 ?robabil ca 5eci de mii de pacienti sunt supusi unor astfel de experimente7: (:%estimon3 of 'dil E7 S/amoo, ?/7(7:#7 (epartamentul apararii admite ca soldatii din &a5boiul din Golf au fost expusi la agenti ac/imiciD totusi, EEO din personalul militar afectati de sindromul &a5boiului din Golf nu au parasit Statele )nite in timpul ra5boiului, discreditand ideea populara generala cum ca aceste simptome sunt re5ultatul expunerii la armele c/imice irac/iene (.errite, et al7#7 ?resedintele *linton emite oficial scu5e catre subiectii studiului asupra sifilisului %us>egee si familiilor acestora (S/arav#7 (188"# +ntr-un experiment sponsori5at de Guvernul Statelor )nite, cercetatorii nu administra5a intentionat tratamentul unor femei gravide afro-americane infectate cu @+2, dandu-le un placebo in loc de medicatia pentru S+(' (S/arav#7 ?e 18 Septembrie, victime ale experimentelor medicale ne-etice de la marile centre de cercetare americane, inclu5and +nstitutul ,ational de Sanatate .entala (,+.@# depun marturie inainte *omisiei ,ationale *onsultative de ;ioetica (S/arav#7 (1888# 'dil E7 S/amoo, ?/7(7, depune marturie in 9Colosirea ne-etica a fiintelor umane in experimente de cercetare cu risc mare: inaintea *omisiei 'facerilor 2eteranilor a *asei &epre5entantilor, alertand institutia despre folosirea veteranilor americani in spitale pe
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post de cobai si cerand reforme nationale (:%estimon3 of 'dil E7 S/amoo, ?/7(7:#7 (octori de la )niversitatea ?enns3lvania il inFectea5a pe 6esse Gelsinger, in varsta de 18 ani, cu un tratament genetic experimental ca parte a unei testari clinice aprobate de C('7 El moare 4 5ile mai tar5iu, iar tatal sau banuieste ca nu a fost informat complet in ceea ce privea riscul experimentului (Golis5e>#7 +n timpul unei testari clinice ce investiga eficienta ?ropulsidului pentru refluxul acid la copii, Gage Stevens, in varsta de 8 luni, moare la Spitalul de *opii din ?ittsburg (S/arav#7 ( !!!# Hoc>/eed .artin, membru al Cortelor 'eriene ale Statelor )nite si producator de rac/ete, sponsori5ea5a )niversitatea Homa Hinda pentru un studiu, prin care se platesc catre 1!!! de californieni care 1!!! de dolari pentru a manca o do5a de perclorat $ un component toxic al combustibilului de rac/eta, ce cau5ea5a cancer, afectea5a glanda tiroida si de5voltarea normala a fetusilor si copiilor $ timp de cateva luni 5ilnic7 (o5a ingerata de subiectii testati este de 8E de ori mai mare decat do5a permisa de perclorat, stabilita de Statul *alifornia, care are perclorat in unele surse de apa potabila7 'cest studiu al Homa Hinda este primul studiu la scala mare ce foloseste subiecti umani pentru a testa efectele nocive ale poluantului din apa si este 9evident ne-etic:, din perspectiva lui &ic/ard Wiles, directorul de cercetare al Grupului Environmental Wor>ing7 (Golis5e>, Envirnomental Wor>ing Group#7 ( !!1# ?e situl sau de net, C(' admite ca politica sa de a include copii sanatosi in experimente pe oameni 9a dus la un numar crescand de propuneri de studii despre siguranta si farmaco>inetica, inclu5and acei copii care nu au conditia pentru care respectivul medicament este intentionat: (Golis5e>#7 +n ca5ul /iggins si Grimes versus +nstitutul Lenned3 Lrieger, *urtea de 'pel .ar3land ia o deci5ie de referinta privind folosirea copiilor ca subiecti de testare, inter5icand experimentarea non-terapeutica pe copii pe ba5a 9interesului individual al copilului: (S/arav# ( !! # ?resedintele George W7 ;us/ semnea5a 'ctul *ele mai bune farmaceutice pentru copii (;?*'#, oferind companiilor farmaceutice B luni de exclusivitate in sc/imbul derularii de teste clinice de medicamente pe copii7 'cest gest creste desigur numarul de copii folositi ca subiecti umani (@ammer ;reslo4#7 ( !!E# .ic/ael (addio din (ela4are, in varsta de ani, moare din cau5a cedarii congestive a inimii7 (upa moartea sa, parintii afla ca doctorii au performat o operatie experimentala pe el cand avea 5 luni, in loc sa foloseasca metoda c/irurgicala standard pentru a repara defectul congenital al inimii care li se explicase parintilor ca va fi aplicata7 'ceasta procedura standard are o rata de succes de 8!-85O, in timp ce inventatorul procedurii
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performate pe bebelusul (addio este mai tar5iu concediat din spital in !!4 (Willen and Evans, R?arents of ;abies W/o (ied in (ela4are %ests WerenQt Warned:#7 ( !!4# +n documentarul ;;* 9*opiii cobai: si in articolul ;;* ne4s cu acelasi titlu, reporterul 6amie (oran revelea5a faptul ca acei copii institutionali5ati in sistemul de ingriFire al ,e4 Aor> *it3, au fost fara sa stie subiecti umani in testari ale unor medicamente experimentale pentru S+(', incepand din 1888 si, dupa parerea sa, pana in 5ilele pre5ente ((oran#7 ( !!5# *a raspuns la documentarul si articolul ;;* 9*opiii *obai:, 'dministratia Serviciilor pentru *opii din ,e4 Aor> ('*S# emite in aprilie un comunicat de presa admitand ca au fost folositi copii institutionali5ati in testari experimentale ale unor medicamente pentru S+(', dar ca ultimul test a avut loc in !!1 si prin urmare testele nu continua si in pre5ent, dupa cum pretinde reporterul 6amie (oran7 '*S ofera informatiile si statisticile despre testele medicamentelor experimentale, ba5ate pe propriile inregistrari, si contractea5a +nstitutul de 6ustitie 2era pentru a conduce 9o anc/eta independenta privind politicile si practicile '*S in implicarea copiilor infectati cu @+2 din institutiile de ingriFire a copiilor, in derularea de teste clinice in timpul anilor 188! si 188!: (,e4 3or> *it3 '*S# ;loomberg eliberea5a o serie de rapoarte sugerand ca SC;*, cel mai mare centru de testare a medicamentelor experimentale a timpului, exploatea5a emigranti si alte categorii de subiecti cu venituri mici, deruland teste cu credibilitate limitata din cau5a violarii principiilor de testare ale C(' si c/iar si cele proprii SC;* (;loomberg#7 +n octombrie !!5, *onsiliul 'merican al */imiei ofera catre E?' 71 milioane de dolari pentru a studia modul cum copiii, de la nou-nascuti pana la varsta de E ani, ingerea5a, in/alea5a sau absorb c/imicalele7 ?recum +G Carben era pentru companiile farmaceutice ale Germaniei na5iste, *onsiliul 'merican al */imiei actionea5a ca un promotor al intereselor greilor din industria c/imica, precum ;a3er (care, din intamplare, c/iar a fost un membru al +G Carben#, ;?, */evron, (o4, (u?ont, Exxon, @one34ell, E., .onsanto si ?rocterSGamble7 Studii deFa au aratat ca aceste c/imicale produse de aceste companii au efecte pe termen lung asupra copiilor si adultilor7 )n studiu scurt, derulat pe ani, precum *@EE&S, ar esua desigur sa scoata la iveala aceste efecte pe termen lung, dar *onsiliul 'merican al */imiei ar putea publica re5ultatele acestui studiu scurt ca si 9dovada: ca c/imicalele sale sunt sigure7 !!B $ !!" .erc> incepe sa faca presiune asupra Statelor )nite sa mandate5e vaccinarea fetelor adoloscente cu Gardasil, un vaccin ce pretinde ca previne @?2, un virus cu transmitere sexuala7 +n februarie !!", guvernatorul texan &ic> ?err3 $ ce a fost dovedit ca are legaturi financiare cu .erc>, producatorul vaccinurilor $ mandatea5a vaccinul la adolescente (ve5i !ttp ""###$%atural%e#s$com"02&'(2$!tml #
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)n lobb3ist c/eie al companiei .erc>, numit .i>e %oome3, dupa cum s-a dovedit, fusese Seful ?ersonalului Guvernatorului ?err37 (eci5ia %exasului de a mandata vaccinul a fost o notabila si tulburatoare piatra de temelie in politica sanatatii publice, pentru ca este pentru prima data cand un vaccin este mandatat pentru o boala care nu poate fi contractata prin contact u5ual in scolile publice7 (e asemenea, manevra a implicat 9medicina cu pusca:, adica amenintarea cu arestul fortat in ca5ul refu5ului inFectiei mandatate de stat7 2accinarile Gardasil raman un grandios experiment medical ce este performat pe copii, pentru ca inca nu se cunosc efectele pe termen lung ale vaccinarii, nici macar daca vaccinarile vor scadea cu adevarat rata de cancere de col uterin, asa cum se intentionea5a7 !!" Guvernatorul din .ar3land si oficialii sanatatii publice, satui de refu5ul a peste !!! de parinti sa-si vaccine5e copiii, invoca din nou aceeasi 9medicina cu pusca: si ii ameninta pe parinti cu arestul de E! de 5ile daca nu-si supun copiii mandatului de vaccinare7 *opiii si parintii sunt mai tar5iu stransi la un tribunal local, pa5iti cu caini de atac si personal de securitate, in timp ce un Fudecator de district supervi5ea5a vaccinarea in masa a copiilor cu vaccinurile ce contin mercur toxic (ve5i !ttp ""###$%atural%e#s$com"022242$!tml # Tilele noastre1 ,e4 6erse3 mandatea5a vaccinarea in masa a tuturor copiilor cu 4 vaccinuri diferite, luand cu forta drepturile si libertatile parintilor si declansand un gigant experiment medical de masa, ce exploatea5a trupurile copiilor, imbogateste companiile farmaceutice si tratea5a parintii ce refu5a participarea ca pe niste criminali7

;ibliografie 'lliance for @uman &esearc/ ?rotection7 RU.onster ExperimentQ %aug/t -rp/ans to Stutter7:7 6une 11, !!17 ;ar>er, 'llen7 R%/e *old War Experiments7: .ind *ontrol7 ;erdon, 2ictoria7 R*odes of .edical and @uman Experimentation Et/ics7: %/e Heast of .3 ;rot/ers7 ;rin>er, Wend37 R6ames .arion Sims1 Cat/er ;utc/er7: Seed S/o47 ;urton &eport7 R@uman Experimentation, ?lutonium and *ol7 Stafford Warren7: *oc>burn, 'lexander and 6effre3 St7 *lair, eds7 RGerm War1 %/e )7S7 &ecord7: *ounter ?unc/7

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R(onald E4an <sic= *ameron7: Wi>ipedia7 (oran, 6amie7 RGuinea ?ig Lids7: ;;* ,e4s7 E! ,ov7 !!47 (rug (evelopment-%ec/nolog37com7 RSC;*7: Elliston, 6on7 R.L)H%&'1 *+' .ind *ontrol7: (ossier1 ?aranormal Government7 Environmental Wor>ing Group7 R)7S71 Hoc>/eed .artinQs %ests on @umans7: *orpWatc/7 Global Securit37 */emical *orps7 !!57 Golis5e>, 'ndre47 +n t/e ,ame of Science7 ,e4 Aor>1 St7 .artinQs, !!E7 Greger, .ic/ael, .7(7 @eart Cailure1 (iar3 of a %/ird Aear .edical Student7 Griffit/s, 6oel and */ris ;r3son7 R%oxic Secrets1 Cluoride and t/e 'tom ;omb7: ,exus .aga5ine 51E7 'pr7 .a3 18887 @ammer ;reslo4, Hauren7 R%/e ;est ?/armaceuticals for */ildren 'ct of !! 1 %/e &ise of t/e 2oluntar3 +ncentive Structure and *ongressional &efusal to &eVuire ?ediatric %esting7: @arvard 6ournal of Hegislation 2ol7 4!7 R@uman Experimentation1 ;efore t/e ,a5i Era and 'fter7: .ica/ ;oo>s7 La3e, 6onat/an7 R&etin-'Qs Wrin>led ?ast7: .ind *ontrol7 -rig7 pub7 ?enn @istor3 &evie4 Spring 188"7 R.an/attan ?roFect1 -a> &idge7: World Socialist Web Site7 -ct7 18, !! 7 .ei>leFo/n, Gordon ,7, .7(7 R*ommission on +nfluen5a7: @istories of t/e *ommissions7 Ed7 %/eodore E7 Wood4ard, .7(7 %/e 'rmed Corced Epidemiological ;oard7 18847 .erritte, Ha%as/a, et al77 R%/e ;analit3 of Evil1 @uman .edical Experimentation in t/e )nited States7: %/e ?ublic Ha4 -nline 6ournal7 Spring 18887 .ilgram, Stanle37 R.ilgram Experiment7: Wi>ipedia7 !!B7 ,e4 Aor> *it3 'dministration of */ildrenQs Services7 ?ress release7 R-peration ?lumbbob7: Wi>ipedia7 !!57 R-peration W/itecoat7: &eligion and Et/ics (Episode no7 "!8#7 -ct7 4, !!E7 'pr7 !!57

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-rganic *onsumers 'ssociation7 RE?' and */emical +ndustr3 to Stud3 t/e Effects of Lno4n %oxic */emicals on */ildren:7 1 'pr7 !!57 ?acc/ioli, (avid7 SubFected to Science7 .ar7 188B7 R?lacebo Effect7: Enc3clopedia of 'lternative .edicine7 !!B7 R?roFect ?aperclip7: Wi>ipediaQ targetWQXblan>QY:Y/ttp1MMen74i>ipedia7orgM4i>iM?roFectX?aK7 !!57 R&evie4s and ,otes1 @istor3 of .edicine1 SubFected to Science1 @uman Experimentation in 'merica before t/e Second World War7: 'nnals of +nternal .edicine 1 E1 7 6ul3 15, 18857 S/arav, 2era @assner7 R@uman Experiments1 ' */ronolog3 of @uman &searc/7: 'lliance for @uman &esearc/ ?rotection7 Sauter, (aniel7 Guide to .S 8E <?lanned ?arent/ood of San 'ntonio and Sout/ *entral %exas &ecords, 18E1 - 1888=7 )niversit3 of %exas Hibrar37 'pr7 !!17 R%estimon3 of 'dil E7 S/amoo, ?/7(7: ,e4s from t/e 6oint @earing on Suspension of .edical &esearc/ at West Hos 'ngeles and Sepulveda 2' .edical Cacilities and +nformed *onsent and ?atient Safet3 in 2' .edical &esearc/7 1 'pr7 18887 )niversit3 of ,e4 @amps/ire7 R*/ronolog3 of *ases +nvolving )net/ical %reatment of @uman SubFects7: &esponsible *onduct of &esearc/7 )niversit3 of 2irginia @ealt/ S3stem @ealt/ Sciences Hibrar37 R;ad ;lood1 %/e %us>egee S3p/ilis Stud37: !!47 )7S7 (epartment of Energ37 R*/apter 81 ?ost4ar %;+-Effects Experimentation1 *ontinued &eliance on Sic> ?atients in ?lace of @ealt/3 R,ormals7: 'dvisor3 *ommittee on @uman &adiation Experiments ('*@&E# Cinal &eport7 2eterans @ealt/ 'dministration7 ?roFect 11 M?roFect S@'(7 .a3 B, !!57 Willen, Hi5 and (avid Evans7 R(octor W/o (ied in (rug %est Was ;etra3ed b3 S3stem @e %rusted7: ;loomberg7 ,ov7 , !!57 Z7 R?arents of ;abies W/o (ied in (ela4are %ests WerenQt Warned7: ;loomberg7 ,ov7 , !!57 (espre autor1 .i>e 'dams este un cercetator al sanatatii naturale si autor cu o pasiune deosebita pentru a invata pe oameni cum sa-si imbunatateasca sanatatea7 El a fost autorul a mii de articole, interviuri, g/iduri pentru consumatori, si carti pe subiecte legate de sanatate si mediu inconFurator, impactand viata a milioane de cititori din toata lumea, care
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se bucura de beneficii fenomenale de sanatate citind articolele sale7 'dams este un Furnalist independent cu o puternica etica, ce nu este platit pentru a scrie articole despre un anume produs sau companie7 /ttp1MM4447naturalne4s7comM! E8E7/tml
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14 comentarii ) *+D,- %ave ale .tatelor Unite sosesc in +srael pentru /uniper 0obra, 0,1 MA+ MA2, ,3,20+4+U 0-MU% din ultimii ani %espalatii pe creier vor avea inca o problema$ -biectivul proiectului +%D,04 5detectarea automat6 a comportamentului amenin76tor, anormal sau violent5 8

14 &Jspunsuri
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1.

saccsiv said, on septembrie 24, 2009 at &2 '9 pm Pentru mai :acilita parcurgere a acestui blog, cititi va rog si 50UP2+%.; !ttp ""saccsiv$#ordpress$com"about" 26spunde

2.

gigelus said, on septembrie 24, 2009 at 9 '< pm saccsiv=tu esti cumva :inantat de rusi > si danion mi se pare cam dubios=si c!iar si spiritul petruvodist=e interesant ce scrii aici=dar aveti gri?a$$sa nu luptati contra sinodului bisericii=ca nu va :i bine=am impresia ca sunteti antisinodali=canoanele zic sa ascultam de episcop$$pana la erezie=si daca e ceva=sa ai dovezi concrete=si bastovoi$$e destul de dubios=sa nu cadem in mandrie ca noi stim mai multe decat ingaduie Dumnezeu=aveti gri?a si :iti precauti cu ceea ce scrieti=mult succes=Doamne a?uta@neAB 26spunde
o

parereamea said, on septembrie 24, 2009 at 4 9< pm Mai concret decat atitudinea Patriar!iei privitor la cipuri ce vrei> .au nu esti in tema cu comunicatul lor de la inceputul acestui an>
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26spunde
3.

parereamea said, on septembrie 24, 2009 at 4 9C pm .ubiect de meditatie *accine !elps prevent D+* in:ection !ttp ""ne#s$ya!oo$com"s"ap"20090924"apEonE!eEme"medEaidsEvaccine !ttp ""nuexistasida$#ordpress$com" 26spunde

4$

blogideologic said, on septembrie 2', 2009 at 9 92 am Multe dintre ideile naziste au :ost de :apt inspirate din U.A B 26spunde

5.

blogideologic said, on septembrie 2', 2009 at 9 99 am Primii politicieni americani, 5Fat!ers o: t!e %ation;, :useser6 educa7i Gn spiritul celor dou6 +luminisme, :rancez Hi sco7ian, legate prin vase comunicante$ 5P6rin7ii %a7iunii; cunoHteau bine a:irma7iile lui Iuesnay despre valoarea p6mJntului$ Din cauza aceasta, cel de al treilea preHedinte Gn .tate, anume 4!omas /e::erson @&(49 K &C2<A, r6spunde pozitiv o:ertei lui %apoleon Lonaparte de vJnzare a 1ouisianei$ %egociator din partea :rancez6 a :ost 0onstantinMFranNois *olney @&('( M&C20A, ideolog primar par excellence$ -pera literaro Mistoric6 a lui *olney in:luen7eaz6 Hi literatura romJn6$ On anul &C09, aria teritorial6 m6surat6 de United .tates practic se dubleaz6 cu ac!izi7ionarea 1ouisianei, Gn cei mai legali termeni cu putin76$ 1imba european6 vorbit6 pJn6 la acel moment pe teritoriu era :ranceza$ Din cauza aceasta, noua bancnot6 de &0 dolari purta Hi inscrip7ia D+3, de aici Dixieland$ Ast:el Gncepe politica 5Po QestB;, care Gn ?urul anului &C4' c6p6ta :orma ideologic6 numit6 5Mani:est Destiny;$ ,ra acolo Hi convingerea explicit6 a 5misiunii Americii; Gn lume, pentru instaurarea libert67ii$ Dar conota7ia superiorit67ii rasei anglo Msaxone era de asemenea implicat6 Gn 5Mani:est Destiny;$ P6mJntul era destinat s6 revin6 anglo Ksaxonilor$ Pieile roHii sunt exterminate sistematic, Gntr Mun genocid despre care o:icial se recunoaHte c6 a lic!idat cinci milioane de indieni nordM americani$ Liodiversitatea natural6 este de asemenea distrus6 rapid pe un Gntreg continent prin acest tip de politic6 predatorial6$ +deologii germani urm6resc cu mare aten7ie ce se GntJmpl6 Gn America$ ,ste plauzibil ca tocmai titulatura 5Mani:est Destiny; s6 Gl inspire pe ideologul comunist Rarl Marx @&C&C K &CC9A a scrie Mani:estul din &C4C, tot mani:est de cucerire a lumii$ +ar Friedric! 2atzel @&C44M &904A copiaz6 modelul expansiunii teritoriale americane, elaborJnd pentru germani doctrina necesit67ii cuceririi unui Sspa7iu vital; K 1ebensraum$ %aziHtii vor trans:orma aceast6 doctrin6 Gn politic6 de stat, :iind implicate Hi toate conota7iile de superioritate rasial6, la :el ca Gn United .tates o: America a secolului 3+3$ On comentariul la articolul 5Do# #ar #as turned into a brand;, al ziaristei %aomi
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Rlein, publicat de cotidianul englez Puardian la &< iunie 200(, apare un :ragment de :raz6 bizar6 5 +srael excells in 5de:ence; @a eup!emism :or its nazi lebensraum policiesA;$ .6 amend6m$ On realitate statul +srael modern nu s Ma :ormat dup6 modelul 1ebensraum creat de 2atzel Hi adoptat de naziHti, ci dup6 modelul american 5Mani:est Destiny;$ Dup6 cum Hi invazia american6 din +raT, K Mesopotamia sau ,denul biblicK, este tot implementarea politicii 5Mani:est Destiny;$ 26spunde
6.

proscrisul said, on septembrie 2', 2009 at ( 2< am 0eea ce nu stiam despre cancerB !ttp "":arastres$blogspot$com"200C"09"ceeaMceMnuMstiamMdespreMcancer$!tml !ttp ""assasiniisanatatii$#ordpress$com" %ote despre :ascismul psi!iatric de Don Qeitz K 4oronto, -ntario !ttp ""###$antipsyc!iatry$org"romanian$psi$:ascismul$!tm 26spunde

($

proscrisul said, on septembrie 2', 2009 at ( 42 am !ttp ""assasiniisanatatii$#ordpress$com" 26spunde

8.

gil said, on noiembrie 9, 2009 at &0 && am mai gigelus baga ti biberonul inpoi in gurita si nu con:unda biserica cu calculatorul tau,biserica se numeste luptatoare caci se lupta cu raul din lume si pentru asta raul trebuie aratat :ie ca e ministru sau patriar!,dar tu ai gandire de sclav al lumii si nu de rob al lui Dristos,tu mai citeste ceva religios din s:intii parinti si apoi sa i critici pe saccsiv,nu e rau sa critici pe cine vrei numai ca tu nu ai cunostinte si nu sti ce vrei,ti se pare ca aparand pe masonii din sinod aperi biserica>>!ai mai scrie ne din putzul gandirii tale sa ne mai veselim si noi,!ai te rugam BB 26spunde

9. (E.E,%' unor oameni de stiinta nu are limita1 2-& S' (E*H',SETE

E&)?%++ 2)H*',+*E pentru a opri incal5irea globala K [ SaccsivQs Weblog said, on ianuarie 29, 20&0 at 4 40 pm

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U$$$V ,xperimente medicale macabre pe copii, :emei, minoritati si detinuti @&C4'M200(A K 42ADU0,2, +% 2= U$$$V 26spunde
10. 2+(E- (si transcriptul#1 *+' +,*' %ES%E'T' (&-G)&+ ?E -'.E,+7

+nterviu cu @7?7 'lbarelli 6r, autorul cartii 9- greseala teribila1 )ciderea lui Cran> -lson si Experimentele Secrete ale *+' din &a5boiul &ece: [ SaccsivQs Weblog said, on martie 2&, 20&0 at 4 0& pm U$$$V ,xperimente medicale macabre pe copii, :emei, minoritati si detinuti @&C4'M200(A K 42ADU0,2, +% 2= U$$$V 26spunde
11.

alin said, on septembrie &(, 20&9 at & 4& am tare site :rate nu stiu cate sint adevarate dar un tip ca mine trecind in revista site ul a avut ce invata 26spunde

12. *@E.%&'+HS si .-&GEHH-,S7 Exista o legatura intre darele de pe cer si

ciudata noua boala0 \ Saccsiv's Weblog said, on octombrie &(, 20&9 at 9 &< pm U=V ,xperimente medicale macabre pe copii, :emei, minoritati si detinuti @&C4'M200(A K 42ADU0,2, +% 2= U=V 26spunde
13. 2ideo1 E1 EHE*%&-S-*)&+ +, " -&E $ 9terapia: folosita pentru a 9trata: un

adolescent in S)' K \ Saccsiv's Weblog said, on noiembrie 9, 20&9 at 9 &2 pm U=V ,xperimente medicale macabre pe copii, :emei, minoritati si detinuti @&C4'M200(A K 42ADU0,2, +% 2= U=V

Saccsiv's Weblog
Experimente medicale macabre pe copii, femei, minoritati si detinuti (1845- !!"#
Posted in ,UP,%+,, experimente medicale, iradieri, vaccin, vaccinari, vaccinuri by saccsiv on mai &(, 2009
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*a invit sa studiati un teri:iant text ce dezvaluie sadismul unor monstrii cu c!ip de om ce :igureaza a :i oameni de stiinta, de cele mai multe ori inregimentati sub comanda unor institutii coordonate si :inantate de catre ,1+4,1, ce nu dau nici un pret pe 5plebea; peste care se considera stapani$ Ma?oritatea acestor experimente se incadreaza :oarte bine la capitolul eugenie$ 0ititi va rog si articolul E)GE,+' +mi cer iertare ca nu lMam tradus, dar nu am timp, tinand cont ca in a:ara de munca pe acest blog ma ocup si de scrierea unei carti$ .per totusi sa :ie :olositor si asa$ Dupa ce voi publica acea lucrare voi traduce insa si textul de mai ?os, pe care il consider interesant si util$ Pana atunci, daca unul din cititori are timp sMo :aca, ar :i bine$

%/in> )7S7 /ealt/ aut/orities /ave never conducted outrageous medical experiments on c/ildren, 4omen, minorities, /omosexuals and inmates0 %/in> again1 %/is timeline, originall3 put toget/er b3 (ani 2eracit3 (a ,atural,e4s reporter#, /as been edited and updated 4it/ recent vaccination experimentation programs in .ar3land and ,e4 6erse37 @ereQs 4/atQs reall3 /appening in t/e )nited States 4/en it comes to exploiting t/e public for medical experimentation1 (1845 $ 1848# 67 .arion Sims, later /ailed as t/e Rfat/er of g3necolog3,: performs medical experiments on enslaved 'frican 4omen 4it/out anest/esia7 %/ese 4omen 4ould usuall3 die of infection soon after surger37 ;ased on /is belief t/at t/e movement of ne4bornsQ s>ull bones during protracted birt/s causes trismus, /e also uses a s/oema>erQs a4l, a pointed tool s/oema>ers use to ma>e /oles in leat/er, to practice moving t/e s>ull bones of babies born to enslaved mot/ers (;rin>er#7 (1885# ,e4 Aor> pediatrician @enr3 @eiman infects a 4-3ear-old bo3 4/om /e calls Ran idiot 4it/ c/ronic epileps3: 4it/ gonorr/ea as part of a medical experiment (R@uman Experimentation1 ;efore t/e ,a5i Era and 'fter:#7 (188B# (r7 'rt/ur Went4ort/ turns 8 c/ildren at ;ostonQs */ildrenQs @ospital into /uman guinea pigs 4/en /e performs spinal taps on t/em, Fust to test 4/et/er t/e procedure is /armful (S/arav#7 (18!B#

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@arvard professor (r7 &ic/ard Strong infects prisoners in t/e ?/ilippines 4it/ c/olera to stud3 t/e diseaseD 1E of t/em die7 @e compensates survivors 4it/ cigars and cigarettes7 (uring t/e ,uremberg %rials, ,a5i doctors cite t/is stud3 to Fustif3 t/eir o4n medical experiments (Greger, S/arav#7 (1811# (r7 @ide3o ,oguc/i of t/e &oc>efeller +nstitute for .edical &esearc/ publis/es data on inFecting an inactive s3p/ilis preparation into t/e s>in of 14B /ospital patients and normal c/ildren in an attempt to develop a s>in test for s3p/ilis7 Hater, in 181E, several of t/ese c/ildrenQs parents sue (r7 ,oguc/i for allegedl3 infecting t/eir c/ildren 4it/ s3p/ilis (R&evie4s and ,otes1 @istor3 of .edicine1 SubFected to Science1 @uman Experimentation in 'merica before t/e Second World War:#7 (181E# .edical experimenters Rtest: 15 c/ildren at t/e c/ildrenQs /ome St7 2incentQs @ouse in ?/iladelp/ia 4it/ tuberculin, resulting in permanent blindness in some of t/e c/ildren7 %/oug/ t/e ?enns3lvania @ouse of &epresentatives records t/e incident, t/e researc/ers are not punis/ed for t/e experiments (R@uman Experimentation1 ;efore t/e ,a5i Era and 'fter:#7 (1815# (r7 6osep/ Goldberger, under order of t/e )7S7 ?ublic @ealt/ -ffice, produces ?ellagra, a debilitating disease t/at affects t/e central nervous s3stem, in 1 .ississippi inmates to tr3 to find a cure for t/e disease7 -ne test subFect later sa3s t/at /e /ad been t/roug/ Ra t/ousand /ells7: +n 18E5, after millions die from t/e disease, t/e director of t/e )7S ?ublic @ealt/ -ffice 4ould finall3 admit t/at officials /ad >no4n t/at it 4as caused b3 a niacin deficienc3 for some time, but did not/ing about it because it mostl3 affected poor 'frican'mericans7 (uring t/e ,uremberg %rials, ,a5i doctors used t/is stud3 to tr3 to Fustif3 t/eir medical experiments on concentration camp inmates (GregerD *oc>burn and St7 *lair, eds7#7 (18E # (18E -18" # %/e )7S7 ?ublic @ealt/ Service in %us>egee, 'la7 diagnoses 4!! poor, blac> s/arecroppers 4it/ s3p/ilis but never tells t/em of t/eir illness nor treats t/emD instead researc/ers use t/e men as /uman guinea pigs to follo4 t/e s3mptoms and progression of t/e disease7 %/e3 all eventuall3 die from s3p/ilis and t/eir families are never told t/at t/e3 could /ave been treated (Golis5e>, )niversit3 of 2irginia @ealt/ S3stem @ealt/ Sciences Hibrar3#7 (18E8#

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+n order to test /is t/eor3 on t/e roots of stuttering, prominent speec/ pat/ologist (r7 Wendell 6o/nson performs /is famous R.onster Experiment: on c/ildren at t/e +o4a SoldiersQ -rp/ansQ @ome in (avenport7 (r7 6o/nson and /is graduate students put t/e c/ildren under intense ps3c/ological pressure, causing t/em to s4itc/ from spea>ing normall3 to stuttering /eavil37 't t/e time, some of t/e students reportedl3 4arn (r7 6o/nson t/at, Rin t/e aftermat/ of World War ++, observers mig/t dra4 comparisons to ,a5i experiments on /uman subFects, 4/ic/ could destro3 /is career: ('lliance for @uman &esearc/ ?rotection#7 (1841# (r7 William *7 ;lac> infects a 1 -mont/-old bab3 4it/ /erpes as part of a medical experiment7 't t/e time, t/e editor of t/e 6ournal of Experimental .edicine, Crancis ?a3ton &ous, calls it Ran abuse of po4er, an infringement of t/e rig/ts of an individual, and not excusable because t/e illness 4/ic/ follo4ed /ad implications for science: (S/arav#7 'n article in a 1841 issue of 'rc/ives of ?ediatrics describes medical studies of t/e severe gum disease 2incentQs angina in 4/ic/ doctors transmit t/e disease from sic> c/ildren to /ealt/3 c/ildren 4it/ oral s4abs (Golis5e>#7 &esearc/ers give 8!! povert3stric>en pregnant 4omen at a 2anderbilt )niversit3 prenatal clinic Rcoc>tails: including radioactive iron in order to determine t/e iron reVuirements of pregnant 4omen (?acc/ioli#7 (184 # %/e */emical Warfare Service begins mustard gas and le4isite experiments on 4,!!! members of t/e )7S7 militar37 Some test subFects donQt reali5e t/e3 are volunteering for c/emical exposure experiments, li>e 1"3ear-old ,at/an Sc/nurman, 4/o in 1844 t/in>s /e is onl3 volunteering to test R)7S7 ,av3 summer clot/es: (Golis5e>#7 .erc> ?/armaceuticals ?resident George .erc> is named director of t/e War &esearc/ Service (W&S#, an agenc3 designed to oversee t/e establis/ment of a biological 4arfare program (Golis5e>#7 (1844 $ 184B# ' captain in t/e medical corps addresses an 'pril 1844 memo to *ol7 Stanford Warren, /ead of t/e .an/attan ?roFectQs .edical Section, expressing /is concerns about atom bomb component fluorideQs central nervous s3stem (*,S# effects and as>ing for animal researc/ to be done to determine t/e extent of t/ese effects1 R*linical evidence suggests t/at uranium /exafluoride ma3 /ave a rat/er mar>ed central nervous s3stem effect K +t seems most li>el3 t/at t/e C component rat/er t/an t/e % is t/e causative factor K Since 4or> 4it/ t/ese compounds is essential, it 4ill be necessar3 to >no4 in advance 4/at mental effects ma3 occur after exposure7: %/e follo4ing 3ear, t/e .an/attan ?roFect 4ould begin /uman-based studies on fluorideQs effects (Griffit/s and ;r3son#7 %/e .an/attan ?roFect medical team, led b3 t/e no4 infamous )niversit3 of &oc/ester radiologist *ol7 Safford Warren, inFects plutonium into patients at t/e )niversit3Qs teac/ing /ospital, Strong .emorial (;urton &eport#7

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(1845# *ontinuing t/e .an/attan ?roFect, researc/ers inFect plutonium into t/ree patients at t/e )niversit3 of */icagoQs ;illings @ospital (S/arav#7 %/e )7S7 State (epartment, 'rm3 intelligence and t/e *+' begin -peration ?aperclip, offering ,a5i scientists immunit3 and secret identities in exc/ange for 4or> on top-secret government proFects on aerod3namics and c/emical 4arfare medicine in t/e )nited States (R?roFect ?aperclip:#7 (1845 $ 1855# +n ,e4burg/, ,7A7, researc/ers lin>ed to t/e .an/attan ?roFect begin t/e most extensive 'merican stud3 ever done on t/e /ealt/ effects of fluoridating public drin>ing 4ater (Griffit/s and ;r3son#7 (184B# *ontinuing t/e ,e4burg stud3 of 1845, t/e .an/attan ?roFect commissions t/e )niversit3 of &oc/ester to stud3 fluorideQs effects on animals and /umans in a proFect codenamed R?rogram C7: Wit/ t/e /elp of t/e ,e4 Aor> State @ealt/ (epartment, ?rogram C researc/ers secretl3 collect and anal35e blood and tissue samples from ,e4burg residents7 %/e studies are sponsored b3 t/e 'tomic Energ3 *ommission and ta>e place at t/e )niversit3 of &oc/ester .edical *enterQs Strong .emorial @ospital (Griffit/s and ;r3son#7 (184B $ 184"# )niversit3 of &oc/ester researc/ers inFect four male and t4o female /uman test subFects 4it/ uranium- E4 and uranium- E5 in dosages ranging from B74 to "!7" micrograms per one >ilogram of bod3 4eig/t in order to stud3 /o4 muc/ uranium t/e3 could tolerate before t/eir >idne3s become damaged (Golis5e>#7 Six male emplo3ees of a */icago metallurgical laborator3 are given 4ater contaminated 4it/ plutonium- E8 to drin> so t/at researc/ers can learn /o4 plutonium is absorbed into t/e digestive tract (Golis5e>#7 &esearc/ers begin using patients in 2' /ospitals as test subFects for /uman medical experiments, cleverl3 4orded as Rinvestigations: or Robservations: in medical stud3 reports to avoid negative connotations and bad publicit3 (S/arav#7 %/e 'merican public finall3 learns of t/e bio4arfare experiments being done at Cort (etric> from a report released b3 t/e War (epartment (Golis5e>#7 (184"# *ol7 E7E7 Lir>patric> of t/e )7S7 'tomic Energ3 *ommission ('E*# issues a topsecret document ("!"!"5# dated 6an7 87 +n it, /e 4rites t/at Rcertain radioactive substances are being prepared for intravenous administration to /uman subFects as a part of t/e 4or> of t/e contract: (Golis5e>#7 ' secret 'E* document dated 'pril 1" reads, R+t is desired t/at no document be released 4/ic/ refers to experiments 4it/ /umans t/at mig/t /ave an adverse reaction on public opinion or result in legal suits,: revealing t/at t/e )7S7 government 4as a4are of t/e /ealt/ ris>s its nuclear tests posed to militar3 personnel conducting t/e tests or nearb3 civilians (Golis5e>#7 %/e *+' begins stud3ing HS(Qs potential as a 4eapon b3 using militar3 and civilian test subFects for experiments 4it/out

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t/eir consent or even >no4ledge7 Eventuall3, t/ese HS( studies 4ill evolve into t/e .L)H%&' program in 185E (S/arav#7 (184" $ 185E# %/e )7S7 ,av3 begins ?roFect */atter to identif3 and test so-called Rtrut/ serums,: suc/ as t/ose used b3 t/e Soviet )nion to interrogate spies7 .escaline and t/e central nervous s3stem depressant scopolamine are among t/e man3 drugs tested on /uman subFects (Golis5e>#7 (1848# ;ased on t/e secret studies performed on ,e4burg/, ,7A7 residents beginning in 1845, ?roFect C researc/ers publis/ a report in t/e 'ugust 1848 edition of t/e 6ournal of t/e 'merican (ental 'ssociation, detailing fluorideQs /ealt/ dangers7 %/e )7S7 'tomic Energ3 *ommission ('E*# Vuic>l3 censors it for Rnational securit3: reasons (Griffit/s and ;r3son#7 (185!# (185! $ 185E# %/e )7S7 'rm3 releases c/emical clouds over six 'merican and *anadian cities7 &esidents in Winnipeg, *anada, 4/ere a /ig/l3 toxic c/emical called cadmium is dropped, subseVuentl3 experience /ig/ rates of respirator3 illnesses (*oc>burn and St7 *lair, eds7#7 +n order to determine /o4 susceptible an 'merican cit3 could be to biological attac>, t/e )7S7 ,av3 spra3s a cloud of ;acillus globigii bacteria from s/ips over t/e San Crancisco s/oreline7 'ccording to monitoring devices situated t/roug/out t/e cit3 to test t/e extent of infection, t/e eig/t t/ousand residents of San Crancisco in/ale five t/ousand or more bacteria particles, man3 becoming sic> 4it/ pneumonia-li>e s3mptoms (Golis5e>#7 (r7 6osep/ Stro>es of t/e )niversit3 of ?enns3lvania infects !! female prisoners 4it/ viral /epatitis to stud3 t/e disease (S/arav#7 (octors at t/e *leveland *it3 @ospital stud3 c/anges in cerebral blood flo4 b3 inFecting test subFects 4it/ spinal anest/esia, inserting needles in t/eir Fugular veins and brac/ial arteries, tilting t/eir /eads do4n and, after massive blood loss causes paral3sis and fainting, measuring t/eir blood pressure7 %/e3 often perform t/is experiment multiple times on t/e same subFect (Golis5e>#7 (r7 (7 E4en *ameron, later of .L)H%&' infam3 due to /is 185" to18B4 experiments on *anadians, publis/es an article in t/e ;ritis/ 6ournal of ?/3sical .edicine, in 4/ic/ /e describes experiments t/at entail forcing sc/i5op/renic patients at .anitobaQs ;randon .ental @ospital to lie na>ed under 15- to !!-4att red lamps for up to eig/t /ours per da37 @is ot/er experiments include placing mental patients in an electric cage t/at over/eats t/eir internal bod3 temperatures to 1!E degrees Ca/ren/eit, and inducing comas b3 giving patients large inFections of insulin (Golis5e>#7 (1851# %/e )7S7 'rm3 secretl3 contaminates t/e ,orfol> ,aval Suppl3 *enter in 2irginia and Was/ington, (7*7Qs ,ational 'irport 4it/ a strain of bacteria c/osen because 'frican29 | P a g e

'mericans 4ere believed to be more susceptible to it t/an *aucasians7 %/e experiment causes food poisoning, respirator3 problems and blood poisoning (*oc>burn and St7 *lair, eds7#7 (1851 $ 185B# )nder contract 4it/ t/e 'ir CorceQs Sc/ool of 'viation .edicine (S'.#, t/e )niversit3 of %exas .7(7 'nderson *ancer *enter in @ouston begins stud3ing t/e effects of radiation on cancer patients Z man3 of t/em members of minorit3 groups or indigents, according to sources Z in order to determine bot/ radiationQs abilit3 to treat cancer and t/e possible long-term radiation effects of pilots fl3ing nuclear-po4ered planes7 %/e stud3 lasts until 185B, involving BE cancer patients7 ;eginning in 185E, t/e subFects are reVuired to sign a 4aiver form, but it still does not meet t/e informed consent guidelines establis/ed b3 t/e Wilson memo released t/at 3ear7 %/e %;+ studies t/emselves 4ould continue at four different institutions -;a3lor )niversit3 *ollege of .edicine, .emorial Sloan-Lettering +nstitute for *ancer &esearc/, t/e )7S7 ,aval @ospital in ;et/esda and t/e )niversit3 of *incinnati *ollege of .edicine Z until 18"1 ()7S7 (epartment of Energ3, Golis5e>#7 'merican, *anadian and ;ritis/ militar3 and intelligence officials gat/er a small group of eminent ps3c/ologists to a secret meeting at t/e &it5-*arlton @otel in .ontreal about *ommunist Rt/oug/t-control tec/niVues7: %/e3 proposed a top-secret researc/ program on be/avior modification Z involving testing drugs, /3pnosis, electros/oc> and lobotomies on /umans (;ar>er#7 (185 # 't t/e famous Sloan-Lettering +nstitute, */ester .7 Sout/am inFects live cancer cells into prisoners at t/e -/io State ?rison to stud3 t/e progression of t/e disease7 @alf of t/e prisoners in t/is ,ational +nstitutes of @ealt/-sponsored (,+@# stud3 are blac>, a4a>ening racial suspicions stemming from %us>egee, 4/ic/ 4as also an ,+@-sponsored stud3 (.erritte, et al7#7 (185E $ 18"4# %/e )7S7 'tomic Energ3 *ommission ('E*# sponsors iodine studies at t/e )niversit3 of +o4a7 +n t/e first stud3, researc/ers give pregnant 4omen 1!! to !! microcuries of iodine1E1 and t/en stud3 t/e 4omenQs aborted embr3os in order to learn at 4/at stage and to 4/at extent radioactive iodine crosses t/e placental barrier7 +n t/e second stud3, researc/ers give 1 male and 1E female ne4borns under EB /ours old and 4eig/ing bet4een 575 and 875 pounds iodine-1E1 eit/er orall3 or via intramuscular inFection, later measuring t/e concentration of iodine in t/e ne4bornsQ t/3roid glands (Golis5e>#7 's part of an 'E* stud3, researc/ers feed 8 /ealt/3 infants at t/e )niversit3 of ,ebras>a *ollege of .edicine iodine-1E1 t/roug/ a gastric tube and t/en test concentration of iodine in t/e infantsQ t/3roid glands 4 /ours later (Golis5e>#7 (185E $ 185"#

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Eleven patients at .assac/usetts General @ospital in ;oston are inFected 4it/ uranium as part of t/e .an/attan ?roFect (S/arav#7 +n an 'E*-sponsored stud3 at t/e )niversit3 of %ennessee, researc/ers inFect /ealt/3 t4o- to t/ree-da3-old ne4borns 4it/ approximatel3 B! rads of iodine-1E1 (Golis5e>#7 ,e4born (aniel ;urton becomes blind 4/en p/3sicians at ;roo>l3n (octors @ospital perform an experimental /ig/ ox3gen treatment for &etrolental Cibroplasia, a retinal disorder affecting premature infants, on /im and ot/er premature babies7 %/e p/3sicians perform t/e experimental treatment despite earlier studies s/o4ing t/at /ig/ ox3gen levels cause blindness7 %estimon3 in ;urton v7 ;roo>l3n (octors @ospital (45 ,7A7S7 d8"5# later reveals t/at researc/ers continued to give ;urton and ot/er infants excess ox3gen even after t/eir e3es /ad s4elled to dangerous levels (Golis5e>, S/arav#7 ' 185E article in *linical Science describes a medical experiment in 4/ic/ researc/ers purposel3 blister t/e abdomens of 41 c/ildren, ranging in age from eig/t to 14, 4it/ cant/aride in order to stud3 /o4 severel3 t/e substance irritates t/e s>in (Golis5e>#7 %/e 'E* performs a series of field tests >no4n as RGreen &un,: dropping radiodine 1E1 and xenon 1EE over t/e @anford, Was/7 site Z 5!!,!!! acres encompassing t/ree small to4ns (@anford, W/ite ;luffs and &ic/land# along t/e *olumbia &iver (S/arav#7 +n an 'E*sponsored stud3 to learn 4/et/er radioactive iodine affects premature babies differentl3 from fullterm babies, researc/ers at @arper @ospital in (etroit give oral doses of iodine1E1 to B5 premature and fullterm infants 4eig/ing bet4een 71 and 575 pounds (Golis5e>#7 (1855 $ 185"# +n order to learn /o4 cold 4eat/er affects /uman p/3siolog3, researc/ers give a total of !! doses of iodine-1E1, a radioactive tracer t/at concentrates almost immediatel3 in t/e t/3roid gland, to 85 /ealt/3 Es>imos and 1" 't/apascan +ndians living in 'las>a7 %/e3 stud3 t/e tracer 4it/in t/e bod3 b3 blood, t/3roid tissue, urine and saliva samples from t/e test subFects7 (ue to t/e language barrier, no one tells t/e test subFects 4/at is being done to t/em, so t/ere is no informed consent (Golis5e>#7 (185B $ 185"# )7S7 'rm3 covert biological 4eapons researc/ers release mosVuitoes infected 4it/ 3ello4 fever and dengue fever over Savanna/, Ga7, and 'von ?ar>, Cla7, to test t/e insectsQ abilit3 to carr3 disease7 'fter eac/ test, 'rm3 agents pose as public /ealt/ officials to test victims for effects and ta>e pictures of t/e un4itting test subFects7 %/ese experiments result in a /ig/ incidence of fevers, respirator3 distress, stillbirt/s, encep/alitis and t3p/oid among t/e t4o citiesQ residents, as 4ell as several deat/s (*oc>burn and St7 *lair, eds7#7 (185"# %/e )7S7 militar3 conducts -peration ?lumbbob at t/e ,evada %est Site, B5 miles nort/4est of Has 2egas7 -peration ?umbbob consists of 8 nuclear detonations, eventuall3 creating radiation expected to result in a total E ,!!! cases of t/3roid cancer among civilians in t/e area7 'round 18,!!! members of t/e )7S7 militar3 participate in -peration ?umbbobQs (esert &oc> 2++ and 2+++, 4/ic/ are designed to see /o4 t/e average foot

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soldier p/3siologicall3 and mentall3 responds to a nuclear battlefield (R-peration ?lumbbob:, Golis5e>#7 (185" $ 18B4# 's part of .L)H%&', t/e *+' pa3s .cGill )niversit3 (epartment of ?s3c/iatr3 founder (r7 (7 E4en *ameron ]B8,!!! to perform HS( studies and potentiall3 let/al experiments on *anadians being treated for minor disorders li>e post-partum depression and anxiet3 at t/e 'llan .emorial +nstitute, 4/ic/ /ouses t/e ?s3c/iatr3 (epartment of t/e &o3al 2ictoria @ospital in .ontreal7 %/e *+' encourages (r7 *ameron to full3 explore /is Rps3c/ic driving: concept of correcting madness t/roug/ completel3 erasing oneQs memor3 and re4riting t/e ps3c/e7 %/ese Rdriving: experiments involve putting /uman test subFects into drug-, electros/oc>- and sensor3 deprivation-induced vegetative states for up to t/ree mont/s, and t/en pla3ing tape loops of noise or simple repetitive statements for 4ee>s or mont/s in order to Rre4rite: t/e Rerased: ps3c/e7 (r7 *ameron also gives /uman test subFects paral3tic drugs and electroconvulsive t/erap3 E! to 4! times, as part of /is experiments7 .ost of (r7 *ameronQs test subFects suffer permanent damage as a result of /is 4or> (Golis5e>, R(onald E4an *ameron:#7 +n order to stud3 /o4 blood flo4s t/roug/ c/ildrenQs brains, researc/ers at */ildrenQs @ospital in ?/iladelp/ia perform t/e follo4ing experiment on /ealt/3 c/ildren, ranging in age from t/ree to 111 %/e3 insert needles into eac/ c/ildQs femoral arter3 (t/ig/# and Fugular vein (nec>#, bringing t/e blood do4n from t/e brain7 %/en, t/e3 force eac/ c/ild to in/ale a special gas t/roug/ a facemas>7 +n t/eir subseVuent 6ournal of *linical +nvestigation article on t/is stud3, t/e researc/ers note t/at, in order to perform t/e experiment, t/e3 /ad to restrain some of t/e c/ild test subFects b3 bandaging t/em to boards (Golis5e>#7 (1858# %/e )7S7 'tomic Energ3 *ommission ('E*# drops radioactive materials over ?oint @ope, 'las>a, /ome to t/e +nupiats, in a field test >no4n under t/e codename R?roFect */ariot: (S/arav#7 (18B1# +n response to t/e ,uremberg %rials, Aale ps3c/ologist Stanle3 .ilgram begins /is famous -bedience to 'ut/orit3 Stud3 in order to ans4er /is Vuestion R*ould it be t/at ('dolf# Eic/mann and /is million accomplices in t/e @olocaust 4ere Fust follo4ing orders0 *ould 4e call t/em all accomplices0: .ale test subFects, ranging in age from ! to 4! and coming from all education bac>grounds, are told to give Rlearners: electric s/oc>s for ever3 4rong ans4er t/e learners give in response to 4ord pair Vuestions7 +n realit3, t/e learners are actors and are not receiving electric s/oc>s, but 4/at matters is t/at t/e test subFects do not >no4 t/at7 'stoundingl3, t/e3 >eep on follo4ing orders and continue to administer increasingl3 /ig/ levels of Rs/oc>s,: even after t/e actor learners s/o4 obvious p/3sical pain (R.ilgram Experiment:#7 (18B #
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&esearc/ers at t/e Haurel */ildrenQs *enter in .ar3land test experimental acne antibiotics on c/ildren and continue t/eir tests even after /alf of t/e 3oung test subFects develop severe liver damage because of t/e experimental medication (Golis5e>#7 %/e C(' begins reVuiring t/at a ne4 p/armaceutical undergo t/ree /uman clinical trials before it 4ill approve it7 Crom 18B to 188!, p/armaceutical companies satisf3 t/is reVuirement b3 running ?/ase + trials, 4/ic/ determine a drugQs toxicit3, on prison inmates, giving t/em small amounts of cas/ for compensation (S/arav#7 (18BE# */ester .7 Sout/am, 4/o inFected -/io State ?rison inmates 4it/ live cancer cells in 185 , performs t/e same procedure on senile, 'frican-'merican female patients at t/e ;roo>l3n 6e4is/ */ronic (isease @ospital in order to 4atc/ t/eir immunological response7 Sout/am tells t/e patients t/at t/e3 are receiving Rsome cells,: but leaves out t/e fact t/at t/e3 are cancer cells7 @e claims /e doesnQt obtain informed consent from t/e patients because /e does not 4ant to frig/ten t/em b3 telling t/em 4/at /e is doing, but /e nevert/eless temporaril3 loses /is medical license because of it7 +ronicall3, /e eventuall3 becomes president of t/e 'merican *ancer Societ3 (Greger, .erritte, et al7#7 &esearc/ers at t/e )niversit3 of Was/ington directl3 irradiate t/e testes of E prison inmates in order to determine radiationQs effects on testicular function7 W/en t/ese inmates later leave prison and /ave c/ildren, at least four /ave babies born 4it/ birt/ defects7 %/e exact number is un>no4n because researc/ers never follo4 up on t/e men to see t/e long-term effects of t/eir experiment (Golis5e>#7 (18BE $ 18BB# ,e4 Aor> )niversit3 researc/er Saul Lrugman promises parents 4it/ mentall3 disabled c/ildren definite enrollment into t/e Willo4broo> State Sc/ool in Staten +sland, ,7A7, a resident mental institution for mentall3 retarded c/ildren, in exc/ange for t/eir signatures on a consent form for procedures presented as Rvaccinations7: +n realit3, t/e procedures involve deliberatel3 infecting c/ildren 4it/ viral /epatitis b3 feeding t/em an extract made from t/e feces of infected patients, so t/at Lrugman can stud3 t/e course of viral /epatitis as 4ell t/e effectiveness of a /epatitis vaccine (@ammer ;reslo4#7 (18BE $ 18"1# Heading endocrinologist (r7 *arl @eller gives B" prison inmates at -regon State ?rison in Salem ]5 per mont/ and ] 5 per testicular tissue biops3 in compensation for allo4ing /im to perform irradiation experiments on t/eir testes7 +f t/e3 receive vasectomies at t/e end of t/e stud3, t/e prisoners are given an extra ]1!! (S/arav, Golis5e>#7 &esearc/ers inFect a genetic compound called radioactive t/3midine into t/e testicles of more t/an 1!! -regon State ?enitentiar3 inmates to learn 4/et/er sperm production is affected b3 exposure to steroid /ormones (Greger#7 +n a stud3 publis/ed in ?ediatrics, researc/ers at t/e )niversit3 of *aliforniaQs (epartment of ?ediatrics use 11E ne4borns ranging in age from one /our to t/ree da3s old in a series of experiments used to stud3 c/anges in blood pressure and blood flo47 +n one stud3, doctors insert a cat/eter t/roug/ t/e ne4bornsQ umbilical arteries and
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into t/eir aortas and t/en immerse t/e ne4bornsQ feet in ice 4ater 4/ile recording aortic pressure7 +n anot/er experiment, doctors strap 5! ne4borns to a circumcision board, tilt t/e table so t/at all t/e blood rus/es to t/eir /eads and t/en measure t/eir blood pressure (Golis5e>#7 (18B4 $ 18B"# %/e (o4 */emical *ompan3 pa3s ?rofessor Lligman ]1!,!!! to learn /o4 dioxin Z a /ig/l3 toxic, carcinogenic component of 'gent -range Z and ot/er /erbicides affect /uman s>in because 4or>ers at t/e c/emical plant /ave been developing an acne-li>e condition called */loracne and t/e compan3 4ould li>e to >no4 4/et/er t/e c/emicals t/e3 are /andling are to blame7 's part of t/e stud3, ?rofessor Lligman applies roug/l3 t/e amount of dioxin (o4 emplo3ees are exposed to on t/e s>in B! prisoners, and is disappointed 4/en t/e prisoners s/o4 no s3mptoms of */loracne7 +n 188! and 1881, t/e /uman guinea pigs used in t/is stud3 4ould begin suing ?rofessor Lligman for complications including lupus and ps3c/ological damage (La3e#7 (18B5# 's part of a test codenamed R;ig %om,: t/e (epartment of (efense spra3s -a/u, @a4aiiQs most /eavil3 populated island, 4it/ ;acillus globigii in order to simulate an attac> on an island complex7 ;acillus globigii causes infections in people 4it/ 4ea>ened immune s3stems, but t/is 4as not >no4n to scientists at t/e time (Golis5e>, .artin#7 (18BB# )7S7 'rm3 scientists drop lig/t bulbs filled 4it/ ;acillus subtilis t/roug/ ventilation gates and into t/e ,e4 Aor> *it3 sub4a3 s3stem, exposing more t/an one million civilians, including 4omen and c/ildren, to t/e bacteria (Golis5e>#7 (18B"# %/e *+' places a c/emical in t/e drin>ing 4ater suppl3 of t/e C(' /eadVuarters in Was/ington, (7*7 to see 4/et/er it is possible to spi>e drin>ing 4ater 4it/ HS( and ot/er substances (*oc>burn and St7 *lair, eds7#7 +n a stud3 publis/ed in t/e 6ournal of *linical +nvestigation, researc/ers inFect pregnant 4omen 4it/ radioactive cortisol to see if t/e radioactive material 4ill cross t/e placentas and affect t/e fetuses (Golis5e>#7 %/e )7S7 'rm3 pa3s ?rofessor Lligman to appl3 s>in-blistering c/emicals to @olmesburg ?rison inmatesQ faces and bac>s, so as to, in ?rofessor LligmanQs 4ords, Rlearn /o4 t/e s>in protects itself against c/ronic assault from toxic c/emicals, t/e so-called /ardening process,: information 4/ic/ 4ould /ave bot/ offensive and defensive applications for t/e )7S7 militar3 (La3e#7 ?rofessor Lligman develops &etin-' as an acne cream (and eventuall3 a 4rin>le cream#, turning /im into a multi-millionaire (La3e#7 &esearc/ers paral35e B4 prison inmates in *alifornia 4it/ a neuromuscular compound called succin3lc/oline, 4/ic/ produces suppressed breat/ing t/at feels similar to dro4ning7 W/en five prisoners refuse to participate in t/e medical experiment, t/e prisonQs special
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treatment board gives researc/ers permission to inFect t/e prisoners 4it/ t/e drug against t/eir 4ill (Greger#7 (18B8# ?lanned ?arent/ood of San 'ntonio and Sout/ *entral %exas and t/e Sout/4est Coundation for &esearc/ and Education begin an oral contraceptive stud3 on "! povert3stric>en .exican-'merican 4omen, giving onl3 /alf t/e oral contraceptives t/e3 t/in> t/e3 are receiving and t/e ot/er /alf a placebo7 W/en t/e results of t/is stud3 are released a fe4 3ears later, it stirs tremendous controvers3 among .exican-'mericans (S/arav, Sauter#7 (18B8# Experimental drugs are tested on mentall3 disabled c/ildren in .illedgeville, Ga7, 4it/out an3 institutional approval 4/atsoever (S/arav#7 6udge Sam SteinfieldQs dissent in Strun> v7 Strun>, 445 S7W7 d 145 mar>s t/e first time a Fudge /as ever suggested t/at t/e ,uremberg *ode be applied in 'merican court cases (S/arav#7 (18"!# )nder order from t/e ,ational +nstitutes of @ealt/ (,+@#, 4/ic/ also sponsored t/e %us>egee Experiment, t/e free c/ildcare program at 6o/ns @op>ins )niversit3 collects blood samples from ",!!! 'frican-'merican 3out/, telling t/eir parents t/at t/e3 are c/ec>ing for anemia but actuall3 c/ec>ing for an extra A c/romosome (NAA#, believed to be a biological predisposition to crime7 %/e program director, (igamber ;organo>ar, does t/is experiment 4it/out 6o/ns @op>ins )niversit3Qs permission (Greger, .erritte, et al7#7 (18"1# Stanford )niversit3 conducts t/e Stanford ?rison Experiment on a group of college students in order to learn t/e ps3c/olog3 of prison life7 Some students are given t/e role as prison guards, 4/ile t/e ot/ers are given t/e role of prisoners7 'fter onl3 six da3s, t/e proposed t4o-4ee> stud3 /as to end because of its ps3c/ological effects on t/e participants7 %/e Rguards: /ad begun to act sadistic, 4/ile t/e Rprisoners: started to s/o4 signs of depression and severe ps3c/ological stress ()niversit3 of ,e4 @amps/ire#7 'n article entitled R2iral +nfections in .an 'ssociated 4it/ 'cVuired +mmunological (eficienc3 States: appears in Cederation ?roceedings7 (r7 .ac'rt/ur and Cort (etric>Qs Special -perations (ivision /ave, at t/is point, been conducting m3coplasma researc/ to create a s3nt/etic immunosuppressive agent for about one 3ear, again suggesting t/at t/is researc/ ma3 /ave produced @+2 (Golis5e>#7 (18"E# 'n 'd @oc 'dvisor3 ?anel issues its Cinal &eport on t/e %us>egee S3p/ilis Stud3, 4riting, RSociet3 can no longer afford to leave t/e balancing of individual rig/ts against scientific progress to t/e scientific communit3: (S/arav#7
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(18""# %/e ,ational )rban Heague /olds its ,ational *onference on @uman Experimentation, stating, RWe donQt 4ant to >ill science but 4e donQt 4ant science to >ill, mangle and abuse us: (S/arav#7 (18"8# %/e *(* begins experimental /epatitis ; vaccine trials in ,e4 Aor>7 +ts ads for researc/ subFects specificall3 as> for promiscuous /omosexual men7 ?rofessor Wolf S5muness of t/e *olumbia )niversit3 Sc/ool of ?ublic @ealt/ /ad made t/e vaccineQs infective serum from t/e pooled blood serum of /epatitisinfected /omosexuals and t/en developed it in c/impan5ees, t/e onl3 animal susceptible to /epatitis ;, leading to t/e t/eor3 t/at @+2 originated in c/impan5ees before being transferred over to /umans via t/is vaccine7 ' fe4 mont/s after 1,!8E /omosexual men receive t/e vaccine, ,e4 Aor> p/3sicians begin noticing cases of LaposiQs sarcoma, .3coplasma penetrans and a ne4 strain of /erpes virus among ,e4 Aor>Qs /omosexual communit3 Z diseases not usuall3 seen among 3oung, 'merican men, but t/at 4ould later be >no4n as common opportunistic diseases associated 4it/ '+(S (Golis5e>#7 (188!# 'ccording to blood samples tested 3ears later for @+2, ! percent of all ,e4 Aor> /omosexual men 4/o participated in t/e 18"8 /epatitis ; vaccine experiment are @+2positive b3 t/is point (Golis5e>#7 %/e first '+(S case appears in San Crancisco (Golis5e>#7 (1881# %/e *(* ac>no4ledges t/at a disease >no4n as '+(S exists and confirms B cases of t/e disease Z all in previousl3 /ealt/3 /omosexuals living in ,e4 Aor>, San Crancisco and Hos 'ngeles Z again supporting t/e speculation t/at '+(S originated from t/e /epatitis ; experiments from 18"8 and 188! (Golis5e>#7 (188 # %/irt3 percent of t/e test subFects used in t/e *(*Qs /epatitis ; vaccine experiment are @+2-positive b3 t/is point (Golis5e>#7 (1885# ' former )7S7 'rm3 sergeant tries to sue t/e 'rm3 for using drugs on /im in 4it/out /is consent or even /is >no4ledge in )nited States v7 Stanle3, 48E )7S7 BB87 6ustice 'ntonin Scalia 4rites t/e decision, clearing t/e )7S7 militar3 from an3 liabilit3 in past, present or future medical experiments 4it/out informed consent (.erritte, et al77 (188"#
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?/iladelp/ia resident (oris 6ac>son discovers t/at researc/ers /ave removed /er sonQs brain post mortem for medical stud37 S/e later learns t/at t/e state of ?enns3lvania /as a doctrine of Rimplied consent,: meaning t/at unless a patient signs a document stating ot/er4ise, consent for organ removal is automaticall3 implied (.erritte, et al7#7 (1888# (1888 $ !!1# %/e ,e4 Aor> *it3 'dministration for */ildrenQs Services begins allo4ing foster care c/ildren living in about t4o do5en c/ildrenQs /omes to be used in ,ational +nstitutes of @ealt/-sponsored (,+@# experimental '+(S drug trials7 %/ese c/ildren Z totaling 4B5 b3 t/e programQs end Z experience serious side effects, including inabilit3 to 4al>, diarr/ea, vomiting, s4ollen Foints and cramps7 */ildrenQs /ome emplo3ees are una4are t/at t/e3 are giving t/e @+2-infected c/ildren experimental drugs, rat/er t/an standard '+(S treatments (,e4 Aor> *it3 '*S, (oran#7 (188!# %/e )nited States sends 17" million members of t/e armed forces, percent of 4/om are 'frican'merican, to t/e ?ersian Gulf for t/e Gulf War (R(esert Storm:#7 .ore t/an 4!!,!!! of t/ese soldiers are ordered to ta>e an experimental nerve agent medication called p3ridostigmine, 4/ic/ is later believed to be t/e cause of Gulf War S3ndrome Z s3mptoms ranging from s>in disorders, neurological disorders, incontinence, uncontrollable drooling and vision problems Z affecting Gulf War veterans (Golis5e>D .erritte, et al7#7 %/e *(* and Laiser ?/armaceuticals of Sout/ern *alifornia inFect 1,5!! six-mont/-old blac> and @ispanic babies in Hos 'ngeles 4it/ an Rexperimental: measles vaccine t/at /ad never been licensed for use in t/e )nited States7 'dding to t/e ris>, c/ildren less t/an a 3ear old ma3 not /ave an adeVuate amount of m3elin around t/eir nerves, possibl3 resulting in impaired neural development because of t/e vaccine7 %/e *(* later admits t/at parents 4ere never informed t/at t/e vaccine being inFected into t/eir c/ildren 4as experimental (Golis5e>#7 %/e C(' allo4s t/e )7S7 (epartment of (efense to 4aive t/e ,uremberg *ode and use unapproved drugs and vaccines in -peration (esert S/ield (S/arav#7 (188 # *olumbia )niversit3Qs ,e4 Aor> State ?s3c/iatric +nstitute and t/e .ount Sinai Sc/ool of .edicine give 1!! males Z mostl3 'frican-'merican and @ispanic, all bet4een t/e ages of six and 1! and all t/e 3ounger brot/ers of Fuvenile delinVuents Z 1! milligrams of fenfluramine (fen-fen# per >ilogram of bod3 4eig/t in order to test t/e t/eor3 t/at lo4 serotonin levels are lin>ed to violent or aggressive be/avior7 ?arents of t/e participants received ]1 5 eac/, including a ] 5 %o3s U&Q )s gift certificate (Golis5e>#7 (1884# ?resident *linton appoints t/e 'dvisor3 *ommission on @uman &adiation Experiments ('*@&E#, 4/ic/ finall3 reveals t/e /orrific experiments conducted during t/e *old War era in its '*@&E &eport7
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(1885# ' 18-3ear-old )niversit3 of &oc/ester student named ,icole Wan dies from participating in an .+%sponsored experiment t/at tests airborne pollutant c/emicals on /umans7 %/e experiment pa3s ]15! to /uman test subFects (S/arav#7 +n t/e .ar7 15 ?residentQs 'dvisor3 *ommittee on @uman &adiation Experiments ('*@&E#, former /uman subFects, including t/ose 4/o 4ere used in experiments as c/ildren, give s4orn testimonies stating t/at t/e3 4ere subFected to radiation experiments andMor brain4as/ed, /3pnoti5ed, drugged, ps3c/ologicall3 tortured, t/reatened and even raped during *+' experiments7 %/ese s4orn statements include1 ^ */ristina (e,icolaQs statement t/at, in %ucson, 'ri57, from 18BB to 18"B, R(r7 ;: performed mind control experiments using drugs, post/3pnotic inFection and drama, and irradiation experiments on /er nec>, t/roat, c/est and uterus7 S/e 4as onl3 four 3ears old 4/en t/e experiments started7 ^ *laudia .ullenQs testimon3 t/at (r7 Sidne3 Gottlieb (of .L)H%&' fame# used c/emicals, radiation, /3pnosis, drugs, isolation in tubs of 4ater, sleep deprivation, electric s/oc>, brain4as/ing and emotional, sexual and verbal abuse as part of mind control experiments t/at /ad t/e ultimate obFective of turning /er, 4/o 4as onl3 a c/ild at t/e time, into t/e Rperfect sp37: S/e tells t/e advisor3 committee t/at researc/ers Fustified t/is abuse b3 telling /er t/at s/e 4as serving /er countr3 Rin t/eir bold effort to fig/t *ommunism7: ^ Su5anne StarrQs statement t/at Ra p/3sician, 4/o 4as retired from t/e militar3, got c/ildren from t/e mountains of *olorado for experiments7: S/e sa3s s/e 4as one of t/ose c/ildren and t/at s/e 4as t/e victim of experiments involving environmental deprivation to t/e point of forced ps3c/osis, spin programming, inFections, rape and freVuent electros/oc> and mind control sessions7 R+ /ave foug/t self-destructive programmed messages to >ill m3self, and + >no4 4/at a programmed message is, and + donQt act on t/em,: s/e tells t/e advisor3 committee of t/e experimentsQ long-lasting effects, even in /er adult/ood (Golis5e>#7 ?resident *linton publicl3 apologi5es to t/e t/ousands of people 4/o 4ere victims of .L)H%&' and ot/er mind-control experimental programs (S/arav#7 ?resident *linton appoints t/e ,ational ;ioet/ics 'dvisor3 *ommittee (S/arav#7 6ustice Ed4ard Greenfield of t/e ,e4 Aor> State Supreme *ourt rules t/at parents do not /ave t/e rig/t to volunteer t/eir mentall3 incapacitated c/ildren for non-t/erapeutic medical researc/ studies and t/at no mentall3 incapacitated person 4/atsoever can be used in a medical experiment 4it/out informed consent (S/arav#7 (188B# ?rofessor 'dil E7 S/amoo of t/e )niversit3 of .ar3land and t/e organi5ation *iti5ens for &esponsible *are and &esearc/ sends a 4ritten testimon3 on t/e unet/ical use of veterans in medical researc/ to t/e )7S7 SenateQs *ommittee on Governmental 'ffairs, stating1 R%/is t3pe of researc/ is on-going nation4ide in medical centers and 2' /ospitals supported b3 tens of millions of dollars of taxpa3ers mone37 %/ese experiments are /ig/ ris> and are abusive, causing not onl3 p/3sical and ps3c/ic /arm to t/e most vulnerable groups but also degrading our societ3Qs s3stem of basic /uman values7 ?robabl3 tens of t/ousands of patients are being subFected to suc/ experiments: (R%estimon3 of 'dil E7 S/amoo, ?/7(7:#7 %/e (epartment of (efense admits t/at Gulf War soldiers 4ere exposed to c/emical agentsD /o4ever, EE percent of all militar3 personnel afflicted 4it/ Gulf War
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S3ndrome never left t/e )nited States during t/e 4ar, discrediting t/e popular mainstream belief t/at t/ese s3mptoms are a result of exposure to +raVi c/emical 4eapons (.erritte, et al7#7 ?resident *linton issues a formal apolog3 to t/e subFects of t/e %us>egee S3p/ilis Stud3 and t/eir families (S/arav#7 (188"# +n an experiment sponsored b3 t/e )7S7 government, researc/ers 4it//old medical treatment from @+2positive 'frican-'merican pregnant 4omen, giving t/em a placebo rat/er t/an '+(S medication (S/arav#7 -n Sept7 18, victims of unet/ical medical experiments at maFor )7S7 researc/ centers, including t/e ,ational +nstitutes of .ental @ealt/ (,+.@# testif3 before t/e ,ational ;ioet/ics 'dvisor3 *ommittee (S/arav#7 (1888# 'dil E7 S/amoo, ?/7(7 testifies on R%/e )net/ical )se of @uman ;eings in @ig/-&is> &esearc/ Experiments: before t/e )7S7 @ouse of &epresentativesQ @ouse *ommittee on 2eteransQ 'ffairs, alerting t/e @ouse on t/e use of 'merican veterans in 2' @ospitals as /uman guinea pigs and calling for national reforms (R%estimon3 of 'dil E7 S/amoo, ?/7(7:#7 (octors at t/e )niversit3 of ?enns3lvania inFect 18-3ear-old 6esse Gelsinger 4it/ an experimental gene t/erap3 as part of an C('-approved clinical trial7 @e dies four da3s later and /is fat/er suspects t/at /e 4as not full3 informed of t/e experimentQs ris> (Golis5e># (uring a clinical trial investigating t/e effectiveness of ?ropulsid for infant acid reflux, nine-mont/-old Gage Stevens dies at */ildrenQs @ospital in ?ittsburg/ (S/arav#7 ( !!!# %/e )7S7 'ir Corce and roc>et ma>er Hoc>/eed .artin sponsor a Homa Hinda )niversit3 stud3 t/at pa3s 1!! *alifornians ]1,!!! to eat a dose of perc/lorate Z a toxic component of roc>et fuel t/at causes cancer, damages t/e t/3roid gland and /inders normal development in c/ildren and fetuses Z ever3 da3 for six mont/s7 %/e dose eaten b3 t/e test subFects is 8E times t/e safe dose of perc/lorate set b3 t/e State of *alifornia, 4/ic/ /as perc/lorate in some of its drin>ing 4ater7 %/is Homa Hinda stud3 is t/e first large-scale stud3 to use /uman subFects to test t/e /armful effects of a 4ater pollutant and is Rin/erentl3 unet/ical,: according to Environmental Wor>ing Group researc/ director &ic/ard Wiles (Golis5e>, Envirnomental Wor>ing Group#7 ( !!1# -n its 4ebsite, t/e C(' admits t/at its polic3 to include /ealt/3 c/ildren in /uman experiments R/as led to an increasing number of proposals for studies of safet3 and p/armaco>inetics, including t/ose in c/ildren 4/o do not /ave t/e condition for 4/ic/ t/e drug is intended: (Golis5e>#7 +n @iggins and Grimes v7 Lenned3 Lrieger +nstitute %/e .ar3land *ourt of 'ppeals ma>es a landmar> decision regarding t/e use of c/ildren as test subFects, pro/ibiting non-t/erapeutic experimentation on c/ildren on t/e basis of Rbest interest of t/e individual c/ild: (S/arav#7
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( !! # ?resident George W7 ;us/ signs t/e ;est ?/armaceuticals for */ildren 'ct (;?*'#, offering p/armaceutical companies six-mont/ exclusivit3 in exc/ange for running clinical drug trials on c/ildren7 %/is 4ill of course increase t/e number of c/ildren used as /uman test subFects (@ammer ;reslo4#7 ( !!E# %4o-3ear-old .ic/ael (addio of (ela4are dies of congestive /eart failure7 'fter /is deat/, /is parents learn t/at doctors /ad performed an experimental surger3 on /im 4/en /e 4as five mont/s old, rat/er t/an using t/e establis/ed surgical met/od of repairing /is congenital /eart defect t/at t/e parents /ad been told 4ould be performed7 %/e establis/ed procedure /as a 8!- to 85-percent success rate, 4/ereas t/e inventor of t/e procedure performed on bab3 (addio 4ould later be fired from /is /ospital in !!4 (Willen and Evans, R?arents of ;abies W/o (ied in (ela4are %ests WerenQt Warned:#7 ( !!4# +n /is ;;* documentar3 RGuinea ?ig Lids: and ;;* ,e4s article of t/e same name, reporter 6amie (oran reveals t/at c/ildren involved in t/e ,e4 Aor> *it3 foster care s3stem 4ere un4itting /uman subFects in experimental '+(S drug trials from 1888 to, in /is belief, present times ((oran#7 ( !!5# +n response to t/e ;;* documentar3 and article RGuinea ?ig Lids:, t/e ,e4 Aor> *it3 'dministration of */ildrenQs Services ('*S# sends out an 'pr7 press release admitting t/at foster care c/ildren 4ere used in experimental '+(S drug trials, but sa3s t/at t/e last trial too> place in !!1 and t/us t/e trials are not continuing, as ;;* reporter 6amie (oran claims7 %/e '*S gives t/e extent and statistics of t/e experimental drug trials, based on its o4n records, and contracts t/e 2era +nstitute of 6ustice to conduct Ran independent revie4 of '*S polic3 and practice regarding t/e enrollment of @+2-positive c/ildren in foster care in clinical drug trials during t/e late 188!s and 188!s: (,e4 Aor> *it3 '*S#7 ;loomberg releases a series of reports suggesting t/at SC;*, t/e largest experimental drug testing center of its time, exploits immigrant and ot/er lo4-income test subFects and runs tests 4it/ limited credibilit3 due to violations of bot/ t/e C('Qs and SC;*Qs o4n testing guidelines (;loomberg#7 +n -ctober !!5, t/e 'merican */emistr3 *ouncil gave t/e E?' ] 71 million to stud3 /o4 c/ildren ranging from infanc3 to t/ree 3ears old ingest, in/ale or absorb c/emicals7 Hi>e +G Carben 4as for t/e German p/armaceutical companies of ,a5i German3, t/e 'merican */emistr3 *ouncil acts muc/ li>e a front group for c/emical industr3 big4igs li>e ;a3er (4/ic/ 4as incidentall3 also a member of +G Carben#, ;?, */evron, (o4, (u?ont, Exxon, @one34ell, E., .onsanto and ?rocter S Gamble7 Studies /ave alread3 proven t/at t/e c/emicals made b3 t/ese companies /ave long-term effects on c/ildren and adults7 ' s/ort, t4o-3ear stud3 li>e *@EE&S 4ould of course fail to reveal

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t/ese long-term effects and t/e 'merican */emistr3 *ouncil could t/en publici5e t/ese findings as Rproof: t/at its c/emicals 4ere safe7 !!B $ !!" .erc> begins pus/ing )7S7 states to mandate t/e vaccination of teenage girls 4it/ Gardasil, a vaccine t/e3 claim prevents @?2, a sexuall3-transmitted virus7 +n Cebruar3 !!", %exas Gov7 &ic> ?err3 Z 4/o 4as revealed to /ave financial ties 4it/ .erc>, t/e vaccine manufacturer Z mandates t/e vaccine in teenage girls (see /ttp1MM4447,atural,e4s7comM! 15" 7/tml #7 ' >e3 .erc> lobb3ist named .i>e %oome3, it turned out, /ad served as Gov7 &ic> ?err3Qs c/ief of staff7 %/e %exas decision to mandate t/e vaccine 4as a notable and troubling milestone in public /ealt/ polic3 because it is t/e first time a vaccine is mandated for a disease t/at cannot be contracted t/roug/ casual contact in public sc/ools7 +t also invo>ed Rgunpoint medicine,: or t/e t/reat of arrest at gunpoint for not agreeing to receive state-mandated inFections7 %/e Gardasil vaccinations remain a grand medical experiment being performed on c/ildren because it is not 3et >no4n 4/at t/e long-term side effects of t/e vaccination 4ill be, nor 4/et/er t/e vaccinations 4ill actuall3 lo4er rates of cervical cancer as intended7 !!" .ar3landQs governor and public /ealt/ officials, fed up 4it/ t/e un4illingness of over ,!!! parents to /ave t/eir c/ildren vaccinated, invo>e gunpoint medicine 3et again b3 t/reatening t/e parents 4it/ arrest and up to E! da3s of imprisonment if t/e3 donQt submit t/eir c/ildren to state-mandated vaccinations7 %/e c/ildren and parents are later rounded up at a count3 court/ouse, guarded b3 attac> dogs and securit3 personnel, 4/ile a district 6udge oversees t/e mass inFection of sc/oolc/ildren 4it/ vaccines t/at contain toxic mercur37 (See /ttp1MM4447,atural,e4s7comM! 4 7/tml # ?resent da31 ,e4 6erse3 mandates t/e mass vaccination of all c/ildren 4it/ four different vaccines, stripping a4a3 t/e /ealt/ freedoms of parents and unleas/ing a mass medical experiment t/at exploits t/e bodies of c/ildren and enric/es p/armaceutical companies 4/ile criminali5ing parents 4/o refuse to participate7 Wor>s *ited 'lliance for @uman &esearc/ ?rotection7 RU.onster ExperimentQ %aug/t -rp/ans to Stutter7:7 6une 11, !!17 ;ar>er, 'llen7 R%/e *old War Experiments7: .ind *ontrol7 ;erdon, 2ictoria7 R*odes of .edical and @uman Experimentation Et/ics7: %/e Heast of .3 ;rot/ers7

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;rin>er, Wend37 R6ames .arion Sims1 Cat/er ;utc/er7: Seed S/o47 ;urton &eport7 R@uman Experimentation, ?lutonium and *ol7 Stafford Warren7: *oc>burn, 'lexander and 6effre3 St7 *lair, eds7 RGerm War1 %/e )7S7 &ecord7: *ounter ?unc/7 R(onald E4an <sic= *ameron7: Wi>ipedia7 (oran, 6amie7 RGuinea ?ig Lids7: ;;* ,e4s7 E! ,ov7 !!47 (rug (evelopment-%ec/nolog37com7 RSC;*7: Elliston, 6on7 R.L)H%&'1 *+' .ind *ontrol7: (ossier1 ?aranormal Government7 Environmental Wor>ing Group7 R)7S71 Hoc>/eed .artinQs %ests on @umans7: *orpWatc/7 Global Securit37 */emical *orps7 !!57 Golis5e>, 'ndre47 +n t/e ,ame of Science7 ,e4 Aor>1 St7 .artinQs, !!E7 Greger, .ic/ael, .7(7 @eart Cailure1 (iar3 of a %/ird Aear .edical Student7 Griffit/s, 6oel and */ris ;r3son7 R%oxic Secrets1 Cluoride and t/e 'tom ;omb7: ,exus .aga5ine 51E7 'pr7 .a3 18887 @ammer ;reslo4, Hauren7 R%/e ;est ?/armaceuticals for */ildren 'ct of !! 1 %/e &ise of t/e 2oluntar3 +ncentive Structure and *ongressional &efusal to &eVuire ?ediatric %esting7: @arvard 6ournal of Hegislation 2ol7 4!7 R@uman Experimentation1 ;efore t/e ,a5i Era and 'fter7: .ica/ ;oo>s7 La3e, 6onat/an7 R&etin-'Qs Wrin>led ?ast7: .ind *ontrol7 -rig7 pub7 ?enn @istor3 &evie4 Spring 188"7 R.an/attan ?roFect1 -a> &idge7: World Socialist Web Site7 -ct7 18, !! 7 .ei>leFo/n, Gordon ,7, .7(7 R*ommission on +nfluen5a7: @istories of t/e *ommissions7 Ed7 %/eodore E7 Wood4ard, .7(7 %/e 'rmed Corced Epidemiological ;oard7 18847 .erritte, Ha%as/a, et al77 R%/e ;analit3 of Evil1 @uman .edical Experimentation in t/e )nited States7: %/e ?ublic Ha4 -nline 6ournal7 Spring 18887 .ilgram, Stanle37 R.ilgram Experiment7: Wi>ipedia7 !!B7

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,e4 Aor> *it3 'dministration of */ildrenQs Services7 ?ress release7 R-peration ?lumbbob7: Wi>ipedia7 !!57

'pr7 !!57

R-peration W/itecoat7: &eligion and Et/ics (Episode no7 "!8#7 -ct7 4, !!E7 -rganic *onsumers 'ssociation7 RE?' and */emical +ndustr3 to Stud3 t/e Effects of Lno4n %oxic */emicals on */ildren:7 1 'pr7 !!57 ?acc/ioli, (avid7 SubFected to Science7 .ar7 188B7 R?lacebo Effect7: Enc3clopedia of 'lternative .edicine7 !!B7 R?roFect ?aperclip7: Wi>ipediaQ targetWQXblan>QY:Y/ttp1MMen74i>ipedia7orgM4i>iM?roFectX?aS_8 E!D7 !!57 R&evie4s and ,otes1 @istor3 of .edicine1 SubFected to Science1 @uman Experimentation in 'merica before t/e Second World War7: 'nnals of +nternal .edicine 1 E1 7 6ul3 15, 18857 S/arav, 2era @assner7 R@uman Experiments1 ' */ronolog3 of @uman &searc/7: 'lliance for @uman &esearc/ ?rotection7 Sauter, (aniel7 Guide to .S 8E <?lanned ?arent/ood of San 'ntonio and Sout/ *entral %exas &ecords, 18E1 - 1888=7 )niversit3 of %exas Hibrar37 'pr7 !!17 R%estimon3 of 'dil E7 S/amoo, ?/7(7: ,e4s from t/e 6oint @earing on Suspension of .edical &esearc/ at West Hos 'ngeles and Sepulveda 2' .edical Cacilities and +nformed *onsent and ?atient Safet3 in 2' .edical &esearc/7 1 'pr7 18887 )niversit3 of ,e4 @amps/ire7 R*/ronolog3 of *ases +nvolving )net/ical %reatment of @uman SubFects7: &esponsible *onduct of &esearc/7 )niversit3 of 2irginia @ealt/ S3stem @ealt/ Sciences Hibrar37 R;ad ;lood1 %/e %us>egee S3p/ilis Stud37: !!47 )7S7 (epartment of Energ37 R*/apter 81 ?ost4ar %;+-Effects Experimentation1 *ontinued &eliance on Sic> ?atients in ?lace of @ealt/3 R,ormals7: 'dvisor3 *ommittee on @uman &adiation Experiments ('*@&E# Cinal &eport7 2eterans @ealt/ 'dministration7 ?roFect 11 M?roFect S@'(7 .a3 B, !!57 Willen, Hi5 and (avid Evans7 R(octor W/o (ied in (rug %est Was ;etra3ed b3 S3stem @e %rusted7: ;loomberg7 ,ov7 , !!57

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Z7 R?arents of ;abies W/o (ied in (ela4are %ests WerenQt Warned7: ;loomberg7 ,ov7 , !!57 'bout t/e aut/or1 .i>e 'dams is a natural /ealt/ researc/er and aut/or 4it/ a passion for teac/ing people /o4 to improve t/eir /ealt/ @e /as aut/ored and publis/ed t/ousands of articles, intervie4s, consumers guides, and boo>s on topics li>e /ealt/ and t/e environment, impacting t/e lives of millions of readers around t/e 4orld 4/o are experiencing p/enomenal /ealt/ benefits from reading /is articles7 'dams is an independent Fournalist 4it/ strong et/ics 4/o does not get paid to 4rite articles about an3 product or compan37 /ttp1MM4447naturalne4s7comM! E8E7/tml

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