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Sisteme automate pentru transporturi

Curs 006 / JE005 / 28 noiembrie 2012

Terrain Awareness Warning Systems (TAWS)

Sistem de avertizare i contientizare a pilotului n ceea ce privete forma terenului i distana fa de nivelul acestuia ; Furnizeaz toate informaiile necesare pentru evitarea coliziunii aeronavei cu terenul / obstacolele de pe acesta ; Poart i denumirea de Ground Proximity Warning y (GPWS) ( ) sistem de avertizare a apropierii p p de System pmnt ;

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Altimetria aeronavei

nlimea de zbor a unei aeronave (aircraft, a/c) fa de sol este indicat de un altimetru :

Altimetru barometric

distana fa de un nivel de referin ; corespunztor unei presiuni de referin Mean Sea Level - MSL ; distana fa de un obstacol care reflect undele radio ; corespunztoare suprafaei terenului Above Ground Level - AGL.

Altimetru radio (radar)

Altimetrul barometric

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Altimetrul radio

Altimetrul radio

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Funcionarea sistemului GPWS

Sistemul monitorizeaz nlimea aeronavei deasupra terenului, aa cum este ea indicat de altimetrul radio ; U computer Un t nregistreaz i t i stocheaz t h aceste t date, d t calculeaz tendina de evoluie i avertizeaz pilotul cu mesaje vizuale/audio n cazul n care aeronava se afl ntr-o configuraie de zbor definit ("moduri") ;

Modurile aeronavei
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

Excessive descent rate - "SINK RATE" "PULL UP" Excessive terrain closure rate - "TERRAIN" "PULL UP" Altitude loss after take off or with a high power setting - "DON'T SINK" Unsafe terrain clearance - "TOO LOW TERRAIN" "TOO LOW GEAR" "TOO LOW FLAPS" Excessive deviation below glide slope - "GLIDESLOPE" E Excessively i l steep t b bank k angle l - "BANK ANGLE" Windshear protection - "WINDSHEAR"

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Modurile GPWS ale aeronavei

ILS - Glideslope

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Indicaiile instrumentului de bord GS

Imperfeciunile GPWS

Altimetrul radio are o zon oarb, pentru c antena este direcionat spre teren i nu n direcia de zbor ; nu se poate cunoate profilul terenului n avans ; Lobul principal al antenei are o deschidere de 80, se poate cunoate prezena unui obstacol vzut sub 40 fa de verticala la sol, n zbor orizontal ; Sistemul este mbuntit prin adugarea informaiei de poziie GPS i afiarea unei hri digitale p g (dintr-o ( baz de date cu informaii digitale privind terenul, stocat local)

Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System - EGPWS

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GPWS vs EGPWS

Anvelopa acoperit de sistem

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Modul de afiare al informaiei de altitudine a terenului

Moduri de afiaj

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Terrain Display / Radio Altitude Indicator

Terrain Awareness and Display (TAD)

The Terrain Awareness and Display (TAD) function compares the aircraft FMS (Flight management system t ) position iti with ith th the l local l terrain in the database. It also computes two envelope boundaries ahead of the aircraft. When terrain data conflicts with one of these envelopes, specific aural and visual i l alerts l t are t triggered. i d This function also provides terrain data display on the Navigation Display (ND).

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Terrain Clearance Floor (TCF)

The Terrain Clearance Floor (TCF) function computes a terrain clearance envelope around the airport runway. It is based on current aircraft location, nearest runway center point position included in the database and radio height. When the aircraft enters this envelope, an alert "TOO LOW TERRAIN" is produced even if the aircraft is in landing configuration. This alert protects against an attempt to land where there is no airfield. This can be the case for example when descending by mistake on a wrong vertical path during a non-precision approach. This function operates during any flight phase.

Versiune pentru helicopter

10

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Caracteristici funcionale

Multi-Function Radar Display (MFRD)

11

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MFD Multi Function Display

12