PAST TENSE SAU PRESENT PERFECT

1. Pentru a exprima aciuni trecute, in limba englez se pot folosi dou timpuri: Past
Tense (echivalent cu imperfectul sau perfectul compus din limba romn) i Present
Perfect (echivalent cu perfectul compus sau prezentul durative din limba romn)
2. Toate timpurile din englez au dou variante: simplu i continuu.

A. Past Tense Simplu
Se formeaz cu forma a II-a a verbului:
- Verbul terminat n ED pentru verbele regulate: watched, looked, washed, saved,
worked ;
- Forma II pentru verbele neregulate: to speak- spoke, to see- saw, to know knew,
to tell told, to go went, to come- came.
n ntrebare sau negaie se folosete auxiliarul DID (forma a II-a a verbului
DO):
Did you clean the bathroom?
I didnt buy everything I need.
Did you see? = Ai vzut? (atunci cnd s-a ntmplat ceva i l ntrebi pe cellat
dac a observant ce s-a ntmplat).

Past Tense simplu se folosete pentru a exprima:
- O aciune din trecut al crei moment este definit: yesterday, last week, last
month, in 1983, construcii cu AGO two days ago (acum dou zile), five
months ago (acum 5 luni), that night, the other night (acum dou seri)
ex: We spoke last night.
He moved here in 2001.
We bumped into each other a few days ago.= Ne-am ntlnit ntmpltor acum
cteva zile.
- O aciune repetat, obinuit din trecut: (care nu mai este obinuin):
Ex: They went to the seaside every summer.= Obinuiau s mearg la mare n
fiecare var.

- Pentru a exprima condiionalul n propoziii condiionale de tip II
(condiional prezent):
If he was here he wouldnt hesitate = Dac ar fi aici, el nu ar ezita.
If I were in your shoes I would wait.= Dac a fi n locul tu, a atepta.
! n englez nu se folosete modul condiional dect n propoziia principal. n
subordonata condiional se nlocuiete prin Past Tense.

- nlocuiete subjonctivul dup verbul WISH (pentru a exprima o dorin
prezent), expresia WOULD RATHER, ITS (HIGH) TIME = E TIMPUL
S..,
EX: I wish you stopped yelling at me.= A dori s ncetezi cu ipatul la mine.
I wish you were here.= A vrea s fii aici.
He wished we didnt get in there.= Ar vrea s nu intrm acolo.
He would rather we didnt.= Ar prefera s nu o facem.
It is time we stopped working,= E timpul s ncetm munca.
Its (high) time we left. = E (chiar) timpul s plecm.
Its time you grew up.= E timpul s te maturizezi.

B. Past Tense Continuu (echivalent cu imperfectul din limba romn).
Se formeaz cu verbul auxiliar TO BE la past tense + verbul de conjugat terminat n
ING: I was talking= vorbeam; you were saying?= Ce spuneai? (atunci cnd o discuie
a fost ntrerupt i se reia)
n interogaii se realizeaz inversiunea ntre auxiliar i subiect: Was she speaking
when you came?
n negaii se adaug particula negativ NOT/ NT dup auxiliar: We were not/
werent talking about you.

Exprim o aciune n curs de desfurare ntr-un moment din trecut:
Ex: When it started to rain I was sleeping.= Cnd a nceput ploaia, dormeam.
When the engineer came in all the workers were having lunch.= Cnd a intrat
inginerul, toi muncitorii luau prnzul.
He was still sleeping at 5 oclock. = nc dormea la ora 5.
This time yesterday I was playing the violin with the royal orchestra. = Ieri la ora asta
cntam la vioar mpreun cu orchestra regal.


C. Present Perfect Simple se formeaz cu verbul auxiliar TO HAVE la prezent (cu
forma have sau has la persoana a III-a singular) i verbul de conjugat la forma a III-
a (pentru verbele regulate, se formeaz tot cu terminaia ED):
We have done a good job. = Am fcut treab bun.
n interogaii se realizeaz inversiunea ntre HAVE/ HAS i subiect:
Have you found any oil? = Ai gsit petrol? (asta aa, pentru domeniu!)
Has he finished his task? = i-a terminat sarcina?

La negativ se adaug NOT la auxiliar:
We havent/ have not (earned money this month).= nu am castigat bani luna asta.

Se folosete n urmtoarele situaii:
- Pentru a exprima o aciune desfurat ntr-un trecut neprecizat.
Ex: I have been there. = Am fost acolo. (cndva, nu se tie cnd)
Have we met? = Ne-am ntlnit? (cu sensul ne cunoatem?)

- Pentru a exprima o aciune durativ din trecut (cu adverbele SINCE i FOR):
We havent seen each other since high-school.= Nu ne-am vzut din liceu.
He has worked there for two years. = A lucrat acolo timp de 2 ani.
- Pentru a exprima o aciune care nu a nceput sau nu s-a ncheiat nc:(cu adv.YET
sau ALREADY)
Ex: I have not started yet.= nc nu am nceput.
Have you finshed yet? = nc nu ai terminat? (cu ton de suprare)
Have you already finished? = Ai terminat deja? (cu ton de mirare)
I havent died yet, you know. = nc nu am murit, tii.
He has already come. = A i venit.

- Cu ALWAYS sau NEVER :
I have always liked chocolate but now Im alergic. = Totdeauna mi-a pl[cut
ciocolata, dar acum am alergie.
I have never liked cats. = niciodat nu mi-au plcut pisicile.
! n englez nu se admite dubla negaie. Dac se folosete un adverb negativ,
ca NEVER, verbul va fi la forma afirmativ.
He has always been a good team-player. = A fost mereu un om de echip.
I have never been on an oil rig. = Nu am fost niciodat pe o platform petrolier.

D. Present Perfect continuu (echivalent cu prezentul durative o aciune nceput n
trecut i nencheiat) se formeaz cu HAVE/ HAS BEEN (forma a treia a verbului TO
BE) + verbul de conjugat terminat n ING:
He has been listening all along.= A ascultat tot timpul.

Se folosete pentru a exprima o aciune de durat care a nceput n trecut i continu.

I have been waiting here for 2 hours. = Atept aici de 2 ore.
Weve been trying hard to finish this building. = Muncim/ Am muncit din greu s
terminm cldirea asta.