Name:

Latin Verb Summary 13-14

For the present, see the handout on chapters 1-4. For the imperfect and perfect, see the handout
on chapters 5-6. For the irregular verb praesum, see the chs. 1-4 handout for the present of
sum, see the chs. 7-8 handout for the imperfect of sum. For the irregular verb nfer, see the chs.
9-10 handout for the forms of fer.
First Conjugation Verbs
appropinqu
appropinqure
commemor
commemorre
conir
conirre
dmonstr
dmonstrre
dplr
dplrre
hiem
hiemre
import
importre
interpell
interpellre
lav
lavre
mand
mandre
mlit
mlitre
rn
rnre
vindic
vindicre

appropinquv
commemorv
conirv
dmonstrv
dplrv
hiemv
importv
interpellv
lavv
mandv
mlitv
rnv
vindicv

appropinqutus
commemortus
conirtus
dmonstrtus
dplrtus
------importtus
interpelltus
lavtus
mandtus
mlittus
rntus
vindictus

Third Conjugation Verbs

cd
cdere
cognosc
cognoscere
convert
convertere
dmitt
dmittere
ld
ldere
rump
rumpere
extend
extendere
nstru
nstruere
posc
poscere
relinqu
relinquere
retrah
retrahere
verr
verrere

cess
cognv
convert
dms
ls
rp
extend
nstrx
poposc
relqu
retrx
-------

cessus
cognitus
conversus
dmissus
lsus
ruptus
extnsus/extentus
nstrctus
------relictus
retractus
-------

Third-i Conjugation Verbs

effodi
effodere
recipi
recipere

effd
recp

effosus
receptus

Fourth Conjugation Verbs

adveni
advenre
pni
pnre
saevi
saevre
vesti
vestre

advn
pnv
saevi
vestv

adventus
pntus
saevtus
vesttus

Irregular Verbs
nfer
nl
possum
praesum
vol

nferre
nlle
posse
praeesse
velle

intul
nlu
potu
praefu
volu

inltus
-------------------------

Three new verbs encountered in stage 13 of the Unit 2 book have a number of irregular forms.
These three verbs may be used by themselves or together with the infinitive--the second principal
part--of another verb. The infinitive is then known as the complementary infinitive.
Present Tense
possum
potes
potest

possumus
potestis
possunt

vol
vs
vult

volumus
vultis
volunt

nl

nn vs
nn vult

nn vultis

nlumus

volbam
volbs
volbat

volbmus
volbtis
volbant

nlbam
nlbs
nlbat

nlbmus
nlbtis
nlbant

nlu
nluist
nluit

nluimus
nluistis
nlurunt

nlunt

Imperfect Tense
poteram
poters
poterat

potermus
potertis
poterant

Perfect Tense--These verbs are totally regular in the perfect tense.

potu
potuist
potuit

potuimus
potuistis
poturunt

volu
voluist
voluit

voluimus
voluistis
volurunt

Besides possum, vol, nl, the second conjugation verb dbe dbre dbu dbitus can also
take a complementary infinitive. Dbe means "owe," but it also means "should" or "must."
Puella cantat. The girl is singing.
In clin sedmus. We sit in the kitchen.
Currunt. They are running.
Puer pecniam ds. You give the boy money.

Puella cantre potest. The girl can sing.

In clin sedre volumus. We want to sit in the kitchen.
Currere nlunt. They do not want to run.
Puer pecniam dare dbs. You should give the boy money.

Negative Imperative (Commands)

For the positive imperative, see the chs. 9-10 handout. To form negative ("do not" or "don't")
commands, Latin uses the imperative forms of nl plus the complementary infinitive.
Singular
nl

Plural
nlte

Nl in mnsm salre, Cerbere. Don't jump onto the table, Cerberus.

Nlte merctr Graec credere, Rmn. Don't trust the Greek merchant, Romans.