Sdsa

<SYNC START=57920>
Cu alte cuvinte, vom vedea orae Neapole n toat Frana.
<SYNC START=61560>

<SYNC START=62600>
Europa nu e un caz special.
<SYNC START=64880>

<SYNC START=65040>
Problema este una mondial.
<SYNC START=67360>

<SYNC START=67520>
Suren Erckman, unul dintre cei mai mari experi intern
aionali,
<SYNC START=71200>

<SYNC START=71360>
crede c ne ndreptm spre o explozie mondial a deeurilor.
<SYNC START=75560>

<SYNC START=75840>
n ceea ce privete volumul,
<SYNC START=77400>

<SYNC START=77560>
nc n-am vzut nimic
<SYNC START=79320>

<SYNC START=79480>
din aceast problem la scar mondial.
<SYNC START=81480>

<SYNC START=81960>
Este ngrijortor, poate chiar nfricotor, dar nseamn c
<SYNC START=86080>

<SYNC START=86240>
va trebui s ne ocupm de
<SYNC START=90400>

<SYNC START=90560>
aceste cantiti de deeuri pe care nu le cunoatem nc.
<SYNC START=94200>

<SYNC START=95920>
Aceasta este o problem serioas:
<SYNC START=98520>

<SYNC START=98680>
Aceti muni de deeuri trebuie nlturai cumva.
<SYNC START=102640>

<SYNC START=102800>
ns toi i astup urechile cnd aud de aceast problem.
<SYNC START=106160>

<SYNC START=107800>
n Frana, conductorii ADEME , (Agenia pentru Protecia Medi

ului),confirm acest lucru :
<SYNC START=112400>

<SYNC START=112560>
reacia general este: "nu vreau s am de-a face cu aa ceva
!"
<SYNC START=115760>

<SYNC START=119000>
ntlnim acest fenomen on de cte ori se nfiineaz fie un centru
de triere,
<SYNC START=122760>

<SYNC START=122920>
fie un centru de colectare a deeurilor menajere,
<SYNC START=123960>

<SYNC START=124120>
dei acestea that take household waste
<SYNC START=127480>

<SYNC START=127640>
provoke objections to the implementation
<SYNC START=131520>

<SYNC START=131680>
of these indispensable tools.
<SYNC START=133840>

<SYNC START=135960>
Unele centre se nchid, astfel deeurile se deplaseaz tot ma
i departe
<SYNC START=139560>

<SYNC START=139720>
n cutarea unui loc de descrcare.
<SYNC START=141160>

<SYNC START=142000>
Pe termen scurt, e posibil
<SYNC START=144280>

<SYNC START=144440>
ca Frana s se confrunte cu o criz asemntoare cu cea din Neap
ole.
<SYNC START=146600>

<SYNC START=146760>
NO TIPPING
<SYNC START=148880>

<SYNC START=149520>
i nu numai c nimeni nu vrea locuri de descrcare,
<SYNC START=152200>

<SYNC START=152360>
dar nimeni nu vrea nici staii de incinerare.
<SYNC START=154720>

<SYNC START=154880>
Rezisten mpotriva acestora e tot mai puternic.
<SYNC START=157760>

<SYNC START=159120>
De exemplu, la Clermont-Ferrand, an incinerator 
<SYNC START=162040>

<SYNC START=162200>
was to be built here, chiar mai sus de catedral.
<SYNC START=166040>

<SYNC START=166200>
ns medicii din ora au constituit o asociaie 
<SYNC START=169080>

<SYNC START=169240>
pentru a mpiedica amplasarea acestuia invocnd principi
ul precauiei.
<SYNC START=173000>

<SYNC START=173160>
Jean-Michel Calut i Alain Lafont sunt fondatorii micrii
,
<SYNC START=176240>

<SYNC START=176400>
care reunete 531 de medici din Puy de Dome,
<SYNC START=179000>

<SYNC START=179160>
aproape toi practicienii departamentului.
<SYNC START=182880>

<SYNC START=184640>
Ce i-a mpins pe doctorii din Auvergne
<SYNC START=187560>

<SYNC START=187720>
s acioneze astfel?
<SYNC START=190080>

<SYNC START=190240>
Cei 531 de medici din Clermont-Ferrard n primul rnd sunt
oameni de stiin
<SYNC START=195280>

<SYNC START=195440>
Acetia examineaz pacienii din punct de vedere fizic.
<SYNC START=197800>

<SYNC START=197960>
Sunt interesai de aceast problem a incinerrii
<SYNC START=202200>

<SYNC START=202360>
care influeneaz sntatea, indiferent de orientarea lor polit
ic.
<SYNC START=204960>

<SYNC START=205120>
Sntatea nu e de stnga sau de dreapta. Toi au urmat aceeeai l
inie,
<SYNC START=208600>

<SYNC START=208760>
whatever their speciality, to our petition
<SYNC START=212320>

<SYNC START=212480>
demanding an end to this harmful project.
<SYNC START=214960>

<SYNC START=216560>
De ce se refuz incinerarea, care de cateva decenii
<SYNC START=220320>

<SYNC START=220480>
a fost considerat cea mai bun soluie?
<SYNC START=224120>

<SYNC START=229160>
Frana deine 124 staii de incinerare,
<SYNC START=232520>

<SYNC START=232960>
iar Belgia 24.
<SYNC START=234520>

<SYNC START=235800>
Din acest punct de vedere, cele dou ri se afl pe primele
locuri n Europa.
<SYNC START=238920>

<SYNC START=242240>
De exemplu,
<SYNC START=243880>

<SYNC START=244040>
n regiunea parizian, 70% din deeuri sunt incinerate.
<SYNC START=247840>

<SYNC START=249360>
ntr-o unitate ca cea de la Issane, la marginea Parisul
ui,
<SYNC START=252840>

<SYNC START=253000>
sunt arse zilnic peste o mie de tone de deeuri
<SYNC START=255280>

<SYNC START=255440>
care sunt transformate n cldur.
<SYNC START=258480>

<SYNC START=261320>
We produce steam, and with it quality urban heating
<SYNC START=264400>

<SYNC START=264560>
and hot water, which enables us to supply
<SYNC START=268560>

<SYNC START=268720>
the equivalent of 300,000 homes in the Parisian region.
<SYNC START=272040>

<SYNC START=272200>
Astfel, n jur de 1 milion de locuitori
<SYNC START=276000>

<SYNC START=276160>
pot beneficia de energia produs local
<SYNC START=280840>

<SYNC START=281000>
la standarde ridicate de mediu i la un pre redus.
<SYNC START=284160>

<SYNC START=286000>
Problema este c incinerarea deeurilor nu produce doar
cldur,
<SYNC START=290640>

<SYNC START=290800>
ci i mult fum.
<SYNC START=293000>

<SYNC START=293440>
Mult vreme acesta nu a fost un motiv de ngrijorare,
<SYNC START=296480>

<SYNC START=296640>
explic Gonzagues Delbarre, directorul centrului Ippal
e, din Begia.
<SYNC START=300800>

<SYNC START=301480>
La nceput, sectorul de incinerare a funcionat la standard
e de mediu reduse.
<SYNC START=305640>

<SYNC START=305800>
Protecia aerului i nivelul de praf
<SYNC START=308880>

<SYNC START=309040>
erau prinipalele preocupri.
<SYNC START=311120>

<SYNC START=311280>
In the 1980s, it was virtually
<SYNC START=313080>

<SYNC START=313240>
the only standard there was.
<SYNC START=315120>

START=315280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>So it only called for fairly simplistic equipment.
START=318680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=319640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Until we realised
START=321560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=321720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>that incinerators spit out far more than just dust.<
<SYNC

<SYNC

<SYNC

<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=326160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Dioxins, for instance:
START=328560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=328720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>molecules produced by the combustion of mixed refuse
/i>
START=332680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=333160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Aceste dioxine sunt foarte periculoase. odat produse
START=336480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=336640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>ele nu pot fi arse sau degradate.
START=339160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=339320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Chiar i n cantitti reduse, ele sunt adevrate otrvuri
START=343760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=346400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>La Besanon, profesorul Viel a fost primul
START=349280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=349440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>care a cercetat impactul fumului emis de incineratoa
START=353920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=354160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Toate cercetrile au nceput n acest loc,
START=356840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=357000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>lng hornul pe care-l vedei n spatele nostru.
START=358560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=359360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We're just outside the incineration plant,
START=361800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=361960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>care a emis n trecut cantiti uriae de dioxine
START=364480>

<SYNC START=364640>
n zone bine determinate n funcie de direc ia vntului. Suntem
deja
<SYNC START=368640>

<SYNC START=368800>
n acest cartier, aflat sub pcla de fum a uzinei.
<SYNC START=373400>

<SYNC START=374800>
Un studiu recent al Institutului Naional de Supravegh
ere Sanitar (INVS) a evideniat
<SYNC START=379200>

<SYNC START=379360>
o cretere cu 23% a riscului de cancer n proximitatea a
cestui tip de incinerator.
<SYNC START=384160>

<SYNC START=385680>
Studiile efectuate de INVS,
<SYNC START=386800>

<SYNC START=386960>
asemntoare cu cele realizate la Besanon,
<SYNC START=389840>

<SYNC START=390000>
corespund expunerii din trecut. De ce ?
<SYNC START=394160>

<SYNC START=394320>
Sunt necesari de la 20 la 30 de ani pentru ca moleculele c
ancerigene s provoace cancerul
<SYNC START=398760>

<SYNC START=398920>
i ca acesta s poat fi diagnosticat; aceast perioada este nu
mit perioad de laten.
<SYNC START=402120>

<SYNC START=402280>
Astfel c excesul despre care se vorbete astzi
<SYNC START=404720>

<SYNC START=404880>
este rezultatul deeurilor de acum 20 30 de ani.
<SYNC START=407920>

<SYNC START=409360>
n ultimii 20 de ani, Europa a progresat enorm n privina
dioxinelor.
<SYNC START=414080>

<SYNC START=414240>
Prin intermediul sistemelor de filtrare computerizat
e din ce n ce mai sofisticate,
<SYNC START=418280>

>
<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>cantitatea de dioxine eliberat n atmosfer 
START=421640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=421800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>a fost redus de 10.000 de ori.
START=423560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=424280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Astzi, incineratoarele le filtreaz i le re in.
START=429240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=430320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>According to administrations and industrialists,

<SYNC START=433320>
like here in Issane, everything is under control.
<SYNC START=437160>

<SYNC START=438360>
This is where we visualize
<SYNC START=441280>

<SYNC START=441440>
the continuous control of atmospheric emissions
<SYNC START=445400>

<SYNC START=445560>
from the combustion of household waste.
<SYNC START=447720>

<SYNC START=447880>
We are governed by regulations
<SYNC START=450120>

<SYNC START=450280>
on emissions at European and national level
<SYNC START=453600>

<SYNC START=453760>
to preserve zero impact on the environment.
<SYNC START=457680>

<SYNC START=458840>
Zero impact, or rather, zero excess compared to fixe
d standards.
<SYNC START=463800>

<SYNC START=463960>
Which isn't quite the same thing.
<SYNC START=467280>

<SYNC START=469280>
Like many ecologists,
<SYNC START=470560>

<SYNC START=470720>
the doctors of Clermont-Ferrand don't accept
<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=473600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>the incinerator smoke standards.
START=475960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=478160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>They claimed the set standards
START=480080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=480240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>were risk-free,
START=481560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=481720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>but we know there's been a considerable increase
START=485600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=485760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>in certain cancers in the local residents.
START=488360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=489400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>And the INVS
START=490800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=490960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>made clear - which is a key point START=494640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=494800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>that the toxins that caused them haven't been identifie
<SYNC

<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=499280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>The doctors think the standards protect us from diox
d.
START=502800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=502960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and heavy metals,
START=504280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=504440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>but for all the rest, they are insufficient.
START=508480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=508680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We don't know which toxins caused this.
START=511040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=511200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>So there are unidentified molecules producing cancer,
START=515120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=515280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and we blithely continue
START=517240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
<SYNC START=517400>
hiding behind standards to reassure the public at large
<SYNC START=521280>

<SYNC START=521440>
That's why taking steps with only dioxins in mind
<SYNC START=524920>

<SYNC START=525080>
is not seeing the wood for the trees. There are other m
olecules
<SYNC START=528840>

<SYNC START=529000>
with unknown effects.
<SYNC START=530480>

<SYNC START=532000>
So who is right?
<SYNC START=533840>

<SYNC START=534000>
Should we be worried?
<SYNC START=536400>

<SYNC START=536600>
To find out, we went to the labs at Lige University,
<SYNC START=540080>

<SYNC START=540240>
a European benchmark in chemical pollution.
<SYNC START=544160>

<SYNC START=544960>
Professor Jean-Franois Focant confirms the lack of re
search
<SYNC START=549320>

<SYNC START=549480>
into the molecules contained in incinerator smoke.
<SYNC START=553120>

<SYNC START=553280>
We have no idea of the toxicology of these molecules,
<SYNC START=556480>

<SYNC START=556640>
so today we flag up crises and stop them
<SYNC START=559840>

<SYNC START=560000>
before they become dangerous to the population,
<SYNC START=563200>

<SYNC START=563360>
but we only address things that are a worry.
<SYNC START=565960>

<SYNC START=568120>
For now, most of the smoke residue
<SYNC START=570960>

<SYNC START=571120>
- those that constitute a "worry" - is retained by f
ilters.
<SYNC START=575880>

<SYNC START=576280>
For a city like Paris,
<SYNC START=578680>

<SYNC START=578840>
that represents 40,000 tonnes a year.
<SYNC START=581320>

<SYNC START=582000>
40,000 tonnes of solidified poison!
<SYNC START=585360>

<SYNC START=585520>
Hard to sweep under the carpet.
<SYNC START=587480>

<SYNC START=588400>
The toxic particles are recovered, neutralized
<SYNC START=591880>

<SYNC START=592040>
then covered in concrete.
<SYNC START=594800>

<SYNC START=594960>
These waste concentrates are then poured into caviti
es,
<SYNC START=598360>

<SYNC START=598520>
where they'll be stored for centuries.
<SYNC START=601800>

<SYNC START=609000>
But incineration has another present for future gene
rations:
<SYNC START=613160>

<SYNC START=613320>
solid combustion residues.
<SYNC START=615600>

<SYNC START=615760>
The ashes of our dirt, called cinders.
<SYNC START=619960>

<SYNC START=625600>
Many European countries 
<SYNC START=628080>

START=628240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>like to use them as hard core in road building.
START=631160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=631320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Very handy. But cinders contain
START=634160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=634320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>heavy metals and other toxic chemicals 
START=636840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=637000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>that could eventually pollute our soil and water.
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=644080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>So in Switzerland, their use has been discontinued.<
>
<SYNC

<SYNC START=648200>

<SYNC START=650320>
In the 1980-85 period,
<SYNC START=653880>

<SYNC START=654040>
cinders were used in road-building.
<SYNC START=656360>

<SYNC START=656520>
A whole stretch of the by-pass built back then
<SYNC START=659840>

<SYNC START=660000>
was done using cinders.
<SYNC START=661360>

<SYNC START=661520>
Then some standards evolved, especially linked to water
drainage.
<SYNC START=665520>

<SYNC START=665680>
We saw that it resulted in chemical concentrations,
<SYNC START=669400>

<SYNC START=669560>
so it was stopped.
<SYNC START=670920>

<SYNC START=673160>
Today in Switzerland, cinders are stored in dumps.
<SYNC START=677520>

<SYNC START=677920>
They make artificial mountains, to be monitored for
15 years.
<SYNC START=683000>

<SYNC START=683160>
After that deadline, everything becomes vague.
<SYNC START=686720>

<SYNC START=689240>
Maybe in a generation it won't be seen,
<SYNC START=691640>

<SYNC START=691800>
but 2 or 3 generations later we'll have water-table pol
lution
<SYNC START=695800>

<SYNC START=695960>
and consequently public health problems.
<SYNC START=700080>

<SYNC START=701160>
So if we don't want
<SYNC START=702720>

<SYNC START=702880>
to be poisoned by our waste in the long term,
<SYNC START=705760>

<SYNC START=705920>
we must burn less.
<SYNC START=708440>

<SYNC START=710120>
At any rate, there's one point upon which everyone i
s agreed:
<SYNC START=714680>

<SYNC START=715520>
we must reduce our waste production immediately.
<SYNC START=719320>

<SYNC START=719880>
This is Marc.
<SYNC START=721680>

<SYNC START=722880>
And this is the waste Marc produces each year.
<SYNC START=726120>

<SYNC START=726280>
As with most people, his waste weighs 380 kilos.
<SYNC START=729080>

<SYNC START=731640>
That's a lot.
<SYNC START=733000>

<SYNC START=733240>
Producing, collecting and processing waste costs a lot,
<SYNC START=736920>

<SYNC START=737080>
financially and environmentally.

START=739280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=739440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>So there's a real need to reduce our production of wast
<SYNC START=742800>

<SYNC START=742960>
on our territory and in our cities.
<SYNC START=746640>

<SYNC START=748840>
Less waste
<SYNC START=749960>

<SYNC START=750120>
and the remaining waste must be transformed into resour
ces.
<SYNC START=755000>

<SYNC START=755520>
In other words, we must recycle.
<SYNC START=758560>

<SYNC START=760120>
Today, our performance varies
<SYNC START=762040>

<SYNC START=762200>
depending on the type of waste.
<SYNC START=764160>

<SYNC START=765320>
For steel, aluminium and glass, recycling is already
working well.
<SYNC START=770000>

<SYNC START=770880>
We've made spectacular progress with paper and cardb
oard,
<SYNC START=774520>

<SYNC START=774680>
as over 60% is now recycled.
<SYNC START=777200>

<SYNC START=777680>
Today, for instance, most newspapers
<SYNC START=780080>

<SYNC START=780240>
are made from recycled paper.
<SYNC START=783240>

<SYNC START=783400>
But in other sectors, the results are less good.
<SYNC START=786960>

<SYNC START=787360>
20% for batteries: not much,

<SYNC START=789960>

<SYNC START=790120>
when you consider they contain heavy metal pollutant
s.
<SYNC START=793840>

<SYNC START=794000>
Other products are even less well recycled:
<SYNC START=796960>

<SYNC START=797360>
5% for mobile phones, barely more for plastics,
<SYNC START=801080>

<SYNC START=801240>
though we produce huge quantities.
<SYNC START=803360>

<SYNC START=804240>
In short, there's a lot of progress still to be made
.
<SYNC START=807880>

<SYNC START=809920>
But there are already easy ways to reduce our waste.

<SYNC START=814400>

<SYNC START=814840>
Do a test: check your dustbin.
<SYNC START=818160>

<SYNC START=818320>
You'll see it's half-filled with excess packaging:
<SYNC START=822600>

<SYNC START=823760>
the packaging around other packaging
<SYNC START=826720>

<SYNC START=826880>
that you throw away as soon as you get home.
<SYNC START=829800>

<SYNC START=829960>
In other words, almost half the volume of our domest
ic waste
<SYNC START=833760>

<SYNC START=833920>
is totally useless.
<SYNC START=836080>

<SYNC START=836240>
And it can be easily avoided. Just watch.
<SYNC START=839840>

<SYNC START=842800>
Excessive packaging is a daily fight for Bruno Mondr
aillan.
<SYNC START=846840>

<SYNC START=847000>
This Alsatian, 45, is a new breed of revolutionary.
<SYNC START=851560>

<SYNC START=851720>
He battles excessive packaging at the source: the su
permarket.
<SYNC START=856960>

<SYNC START=857120>
His is located in Dannemarie, near Mulhouse.
<SYNC START=861000>

<SYNC START=861680>
These are products with industrial-plastic packaging,
<SYNC START=865880>

<SYNC START=866040>
which is nonsense.
<SYNC START=867880>

<SYNC START=868040>
In many shops today, the cheese
<SYNC START=870000>

<SYNC START=870160>
isn't on a traditional counter
<SYNC START=872840>

<SYNC START=873000>
like this one. It's pre-packaged like this,
<SYNC START=876880>

<SYNC START=877040>
in polystyrene containers which aren't recyclable
<SYNC START=881800>

<SYNC START=881960>
and which are soiled.
<SYNC START=883240>

<SYNC START=884160>
Bruno has calculated that 9 out of 10 products are o
ver-packaged.
<SYNC START=889000>

<SYNC START=890160>
For example,
<SYNC START=891400>

<SYNC START=891560>
from one household shop, when you return from the store
,
<SYNC START=895320>

<SYNC START=895480>
the excess packaging of yogurts, baby food, bottles of
water, etc.
<SYNC START=900320>

<SYNC START=900480>
will all end up in a bin bag.
<SYNC START=903200>

<SYNC START=903360>
You'll fill a 30-litre bag with cardboard and plastic
<SYNC START=906960>

<SYNC START=907120>
whose only use is marketing that could be avoided.
<SYNC START=911120>

<SYNC START=912760>
Bruno knows the problem inside out. And so he should
.
<SYNC START=916280>

<SYNC START=916440>
He's no militant crank, he's the supermarket manager
.
<SYNC START=921160>

<SYNC START=921760>
Hello!
<SYNC START=922880>

<SYNC START=923040>
- I think your stripes are fabulous. - You like it?
<SYNC START=926080>

<SYNC START=926240>
Oh, yes. Hello, girls!
<SYNC START=928920>

<SYNC START=929080>
He carries on with his inspection,
<SYNC START=931400>

<SYNC START=931560>
heading for the toothpaste aisle, the height of nonsens
e.
<SYNC START=936280>

<SYNC START=936880>
In France, toothpaste is sold
<SYNC START=939320>

<SYNC START=939480>
in cardboard packages.
<SYNC START=942080>

<SYNC START=942240>
So the toothpaste arrives in a box,
<SYNC START=945080>

START=945240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>it's packed in plastic, so I take that off
START=950000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=950640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>to reach my tubes of toothpaste.
START=953240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=953400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Now there's more cardboard, so I take that off,
START=956800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=957400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and at home the cardboard goes in the bin.
START=960880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=961040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Now I have my tube of toothpaste, which I use,
START=963920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=964080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and which, when it's empty, will go in the refuse too.
START=968240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=968400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Our friends in Germany and Switzerland are smarter than
<SYNC

<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=982080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>But Bruno doesn't just moan about packaging,
START=985480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=985640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>he's decided to set an example with a simple solutio
START=972720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=972880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>They sell tubes of toothpaste like this
START=975200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=975360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and the customer just takes home his tube of toothpaste
START=990200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=991200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>I decided to set up this simple platform,
START=994080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=994240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>two wooden boxes with two signs: Plastic and Cardboard.
START=999080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=999240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>"Reduce your refuse volume."
START=1001880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
<SYNC START=1002040>
"Leave your plastic and cardboard packaging with us."

Here in the plastics, this is packaging

from fruit and vegetables, bananas in this case.

Just because a habit is bad doesn't mean it's easy t
o change.

To sell his idea to less-than-enthusiastic customers
,

Bruno uses a strong argument: the wallet.

Do you use the unpacking platform?

No.

Why not?

I've calculated that for a family with two children,

the weight in plastic waste paid for by the municipalit
y

comes to just over 150 euros

over a year, a surprising amount.

With perseverance, this ecological approach

is gradually becoming a reflex.

START=1057840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1058000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>This year, with its 2 small boxes,
START=1060480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1060640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>the store will collect 2 tonnes of waste
START=1063640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1063800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>which will be recycled instead of incinerated,
START=1067000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1067160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>a positive blow for the environment.
START=1069680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1069840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>You can imagine
START=1071560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1071720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>what the volumes would be
START=1073920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1074080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>if every supermarket in France
START=1077600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1077760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>set up these boxes. It's ecological, it's environmental

and it could encourage distributors upstream to reduce

this over-packaging at the time of manufacture.

Others are taking up the idea:

more retailers are installing packaging bins in stor
es 

and stripping pointless wrappings from lots of food
products.

So we can reduce our household waste

by almost a third.

The Japanese have done even better.

In some towns they recycle 80% of their waste.

But they have also tried a whole series of solutions
that didn't work.

The Land of the Rising Sun is short of living space.


What to do with too much waste

and not enough room to store it?

The Japanese have found a way 

to kill two birds with one stone.

With their mountains of waste,

they build artificial islands.

Welcome to "Rubbish Island".

These children paddling in Tokyo Bay

are on the shore of an island made of waste.

The idea began in the early 17th century,

under Emperor Kata-ito.

But then they didn't imagine the islands

would be made with non-degradable waste.

This is a long way from sustainable development.

Firstly, Tokyo Bay does not have an infinite capacit
y

and in 50 years, there will be no more room.

And they recently discovered that the water

could be polluted by leaking toxic chemicals.

Bathing in a poisoned sea is far less of a temptatio
n.

Like us, the Japanese are realising that to reduce w
aste,

the only lasting solution is sorting.

And everyone takes part. Even rock fans!

Fuji Rock is one of Japan's biggest festivals,

>
a rite of passage for Japanese youth.

START=1214840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1215000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Thousands of wild teenagers in a park for 3 days:
a recipe for damage to the landscape.

Yet take a look:

there is no litter.

In the city, youngsters see rubbish everywhere.

In Tokyo, Osaka, everywhere.

When they come here, it's clean,

they learn to clean up the place themselves.

- Where can I put this? - Over here. Thank you!

Bottle tops here. And cardboard here, thank you.

No, that goes in here, thank you very much.

Can you take the label off the bottle? Thank you.

From cardboard beakers to wooden utensils, all will
be recycled

for next year's festival.

Cigarette packets will become wood pulp,

beakers will become toilet paper

and plastic bottles will end up as bin bags.

Pick up your bin bags at the gate, recycled from plasti
c bottles

from last year's Fuji Rock Festival.

Bin bags!

Thank you for your help in sorting.

Let's make Fuji Rock Festival clean!

Bottles collected this year will be recycled

as bin bags for next year.

Let's improve the festival together. Make Fuji Rock cle
an!

And they're sorting in cities too.

In Minatoku, a residential suburb of Tokyo,

inhabitants must sort waste into 11 categories.


<SYNC

<SYNC

<SYNC

<SYNC

<SYNC

<SYNC
Different collection trucks pass every day of the we

START=1325400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1325560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Monday, paper; Tuesday, cans;
START=1327880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1328040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Wednesday, bottles;
START=1329600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1329760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Thursday, combustibles; Friday, non-combustibles.
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1333040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>CDs and batteries are collected separately.
START=1336440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1338880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>In all cases, you must put out your waste before 8am.
START=1342200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1342360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>The population of Minato is 200,000,
START=1344880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1345040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and everyone here abides by this rule.
START=1348200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1350440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Late risers who don't put out their waste before 8</
START=1353640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1353800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>must keep it at home until next week.
START=1357000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1357160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>And with poor sorters, Japanese dustmen don't hesita
START=1361200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1361360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>to leave the refuse there with an unpleasant note.</
START=1364760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1365600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>In a land where losing face is the worst humiliation
START=1368680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1368840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>this kind of punishment is a real deterrent.
START=1371880>
i>

START=1373880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>More and more Japanese are sorting
START=1376360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1376520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>because of the initiatives of enlightened citizens</

like the Zero Waste association.

Its aim is to pressure politicians in the Tokyo regi
on

to vote in green regulations.

Until now, citizens expected the government to decide f
or them.

Now we're making sure

that waste treatment is applied on a grand scale.

Mr Shibuya is the founder of the association.

This quiet retired civil servant

is visiting the local committee to organise

a waste-free neighbourhood party. A first step.

What Mr Shibuya intends 

is the ideal waste-management model, a recycling par
adise.
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC

START=1426000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>This paradise exists. It is called Kamikatsu,
START=1430000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1430160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>a small village lost in the countryside
START=1432880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1433040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>where the inhabitants sort their waste
START=1435800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1435960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>into 34 bins.
START=1438240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1442760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>There's only one waste-collection centre.
START=1445440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1445600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>The inhabitants bring all their waste themselves.
START=1448920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1449080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>In this centre, we decided to collect 34 categories.
START=1453520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1453680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Everyone
START=1454360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1454520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>must personally sort their waste into 34 categories.
START=1459200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1459360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>So there's no collection service organised by the town
START=1463240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1464800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Welcome to the Kamikatsu sorting centre,
START=1467240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1467400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>under the vigilant control of Miss Fuji's smile.
START=1471600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1476200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>It's a shame you can't smell this.
START=1478600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1478760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Nothing smells bad,
START=1480960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1481120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>as there is no organic waste.
<SYNC

<SYNC

<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1489800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>As for all the other waste,
START=1491960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1492120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>it is washed at home before being brought in.
START=1495280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1498600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>For good recycling,
START=1500360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1500520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>each bowl and tray must be washed first.
START=1503520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1505080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Everyone uses recyclable paper sacks
START=1508160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1508320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>to pack their paper and cardboard.
START=1511480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1511640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Even string must be made of recyclable paper.
START=1514520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1516320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Some sorting can make people happy:
START=1518560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1518720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Kamikatsu residents also bring items they no longer
START=1522240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1522400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>that may help poorer people.
START=1524280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1524440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Kuru-Kuru shop, a Japanese Emmaus, is entirely free.
START=1529440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1529600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Those in need can get what they want,
START=1532560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1532720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>even if they don't live in the village.
START=1535240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1536440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Thanks to its 34 bins,
START=1538160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
world sorting champion Kamikatsu 

manages to recycle 80% of its waste!

Mr Shibuya has set an example for the rest to follow
.

Kamikatsu has few residents,

so the impact hasn't been that great.

But if a Tokyo suburb like Machida,

with a 400,000 population, applied the same model,

it would have major repercussions.

The road to zero waste is still long,

but as an old Japanese proverb says,

even a 1000-league journey begins with one step.

Europeans don't have the same sense of discipline as
the Japanese.

But we do have a very efficient system

that encourages households to sort waste.

It's "weigh & pay".

In some regions, it works a treat. Here's why.

Welcome to La Porte d'Alsace.

At first sight,

this peaceful town of 15,000 inhabitants is like

any other in the French provinces.

But here, they have smart bins.

And they're watching you.

We have designer dustbins

that are fitted with a microchip,

just underneath.

The chip carries the characteristics of the householder
who lives here.

You've heard of smart cards,

now we have smart bins,

linked to a computer that records the weight of wast
e to within a gram.

Since this morning, we've collected

4 tonnes and 96 kilos.

The last bin weighed was 13 kilos and 500 grams,

and we've collected 272 this morning.

All the data is recorded on this cassette.

The system wasn't set up out of a love for statistic
s.

Here in Manspach, everyone pays for waste collection


according to its exact weight.

The weight of what was in the bin has been recorded

and people pay a little over 30 cents per kilo

for anything that goes into the truck.

Collection of anything recyclable - paper, plastic,
glass - is free,

but for the rest, what we call "ultimate waste",

each pick-up is billed.

t.
So bins are a much rarer sight in the streets.

START=1699440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1700880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>At first people put their bin out every week.
START=1703640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1703800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>I try to limit it to once a month.
START=1706680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1707440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>I fill it up, so I get value for money.
START=1710080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1711440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>So now it's super-sorted, they can see when they load i

A winner all round!

To be "super-sorted" requires a minimum of disciplin
e.

In a family of 5, public-spiritedness has its share
of inconvenience.

Come on children, it's for the good of the planet.

So is this a chore?

Well, it's a bit of a chore, because...

Not the plastic, that doesn't go there.

That's it.

Like you said, that's plastic. Put it over there.


<SYNC

<SYNC

<SYNC
Sometimes I moan because I have to do it again.

START=1756480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1756640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>I can't always do that, so initially I try
START=1759680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1759840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>to make them see that they must sort it.
START=1762480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1762640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>I say make an effort, because it's not my job to do eve
START=1766400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1767280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>But now they understand.
START=1769160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1769480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>What's more, ecological concerns
START=1771640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1771800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>are linked to more down-to-earth considerations.
START=1775240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1776240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Residents feel the difference in their annual bill.<
START=1779360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1779520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Here, a family with 3 children
START=1781320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1781480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>pays 74 euros for 6 months of refuse collection.
START=1785360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1785520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>On average, French households pay 2 to 3 times that.
START=1789520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1789680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>With weigh & pay, the more you sort, the less you pa
START=1794560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1797280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Moreover, this new collection system
START=1799400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1799560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>sharply reduces municipal expenses.
START=1802640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1803200>
In the bin you've just seen there were only


ultimate residuals, unsortable things you can do nothin
g with.

All the rest is sorted by people, that's the added valu
e of sorting.

It translates into substantial savings for households

because we negotiate the sorted refuse

and obtain 274,000 euros a year, which isn't negligible
.

So that's a further saving to individuals.

And the results aren't only on the balance sheet.

From his refuse truck, Thierry has a good view

of the little changes that make a big difference.

When this system began in 1998,

there were more bins outside.

Gradually, over time, we've seen fewer bins

and people sort better. Compared to other sectors,

where they still use sacks, our tonnage is far smaller.

Take a look at this housing estate

where there are 15-20 houses.

Nothing. Oh, yes, one bin.

One bin for 15 houses.

Ten years ago, each inhabitant produced 400kg of was
te a year.

Today, it's only one-fifth of that.

We're doing as well as the Japanese!

The end of Thierry's road is the huge tip at Retwile
r,

the only one in Haut-Rhin.

It's where the dpartement's rivers of non-recyclable
waste end up.

The good news is, this sea is drying up.

This tip had a capacity of 220,000 tonnes in 1999,

and with all Alsace is doing today,


<SYNC
by 2015 only 50,000 tonnes will be coming here.

START=1919680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1920160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>In the meantime, Dany Dietman has an idea
START=1923440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1923600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>of how to make more money from the tip.
START=1926880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1927400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>There's gold in our rubbish tips. What kind of gold?
START=1930440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1930600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>It's metals, plastics...
START=1932960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1933120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>For each piece of plastic plucked from a tip in 30 year
START=1937600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1937760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>we won't need to be fetching oil from 6000km away.
START=1942760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1947960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Toate rile dezvoltate se confrunt cu puzzle-ul deeurilor
START=1951840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1952000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Toate caut solu ii.
START=1954600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1954760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Exist unele idei care pot fi luate din alt parte.
START=1958560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1960840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Barcelona, al doilea ora din Spania.
START=1963640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1963800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>5 milioane de locuitori,
START=1965760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1965920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>strzi nguste i temperaturi ridicate
START=1968840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1969000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>deci deeuri organice care se descompun repede:
START=1972480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=1972640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>un adevrat comar pentru colectare.
START=1975280>

Drept urmare, catalanii au instalat 

un sistem ingenios deja testat n Suedia:

colectarea pneumatic.

Func ionnd 24/24 i 365 de zile pe an,

acest sistem s-a implementat n cartierele noi

i n centrul istoric al oraului, unde accesul este dific
il.

Fr acest sistem subteran

de aspirare a deeurilor,

nu am fi putut aeza clien ii

la mese pe terase. Ei ar fi mncat printre pubele.

Aici, nu sunt mirosuri i mai ales nu sunt animale care s
dea trcoale.

n total, avem aproximativ 1500 de borne ca acestea care
acoper

15 kilometri de re ea. Peste c iva ani,

vor fi aproximativ 50 000 de persoane

care vor utiliza sistemul de colectare pneumatic.

Deschizi i arunci.

Deeurile se deplaseaz cu 80 de Km/or n tub.

Ele sunt aspirate pn la central.

Este mai curat, mai igienic i mai ecologic.

Asta i face pe oameni s contientizeze c trebuie s sorteze ma
i bine deeurile

n vederea reciclrii.

O born pentru resturile non-organice, alta pentru cel
e organice.

Deeurile ajung la 2 kilometri distan .

Cele organice vor servi la producerea ngrmintelor.

Un sistem practic i eficient, cu o singur problem.

Oasele de jamboane aruncate alunec greu n conducte

i rmn blocate.

Pentru a le putea ndeprta, trebuie s cobori n canal i s defac
i tuburile.

Aceeai problem e i n cazul schiurilor, sunt oameni care aru

nc schiuri.

S-au gsit pn i televizoare.

Atta timp ct nu se arunc cini i pisici.

Sau soacra! Soacra!

Bine, chiar dac are anumite neajunsuri,

aspiratorul universal poate descongestiona centrul o
raului

i poate valorifica deeurile organice.

Dar fr s atepta i ca aspiratorul de deeuri s ajungn orau
avoastr,

pute i deja s refolosi i 30% din ce arunca i,

pentru c pubelele de uz casnic con in resurse nebnuite.

Demonstra ie la Rennes, al cincilea ora din Fran a.

Aici, din ce n ce mai mul i locuitori apeleaz la o echip
de interven ie

pentru reciclarea deeurilor menajere.

Ei sunt n acelai timp gunoieri i ajutor de grdinari,

si pot s retrateze pn la 1/3 din deeuri. Totul gratuit.

Cu o singur condi ie: s i lai s munceasc liniti i, la umbr
ia lor.

Ne aflm totui ntr-o faz foarte avansatm deoarece comportul are
...

Dat fiind numrul de viermi pe care l are, ei au muncit di
n greu.

Ei asimileaz toate deeurile care sunt n descompunere

datorit ciupercilor, bacteriilor, etc.

i iat prin digestie se face fermentarea unui,unui compost
, a unui compost bun din care rezult humusul.

Yves i Laurent nu sunt angaja i ai serviciului de salub
rizare.

Sunt doar doi cet eni convini de calit ile compostrii

care permite producerea unui sol ultra fertil din dee
urile alimentare.

Ah da ! Este bine fcut. Este perfect.

l punem la dispozi ia

tuturor, chiar i celor care nu au luat parte la realizar
ea lui.

- Este o ini iativ colectiv. - Da, colectiv.

Mult lume care l utilizeaz consider c este minunat.

Noi l folosim pentru plantele de ghiveci.

i este o variant eficient atunci cnd crete i flori.

Este adevrat i acest lucru e o mndrie.

Acum 4 ani, cei doi maetri compostori au trebuit s se
lupte

ca s poat instala aceste cutii la subsolul caselor lor


deoarece vecinii se temeau de mirosuri i insecte - ns a
u greit.

Unii oameni erau pentru, al ii mpotriva.

Deci, a fost o btlie destul de mare,

a fost chiar o manifesta ie mpotriva compostajului. Ei nu
erau de acord cu asta.

S schimbe prerea celor care nu cred, aceasta este misi
unea lui Francis.

This former IT engineer himself converted to compost
ing

and sings its praises to the local population.

Acesta este viitorul, ntruct la ob inerea compostului

putem utiliza o treime din deeuri.

Dac toat lumea ar face acest lucru, ar fi cu o treime mai
pu ine deeuri,

ceea ce ar reprezenta un buget imens.

Waste is the 2nd- or 3rd-largest municipal budget,

so we could use the money to do far more interesting th
ings

than build incinerators or landfill centres.

Azi, Francis merge ntr-un complex de locuin e din cent
rul oraului 

pentru a instala o nou cutie de compost

i pentru a le explica locuitorilor cum func ioneaz aceasta i ce avantaje are.

Vor avea mai pu ine lucruri de aruncat la gunoi.

Locul unde sunt depozitate pubelele miroase urt, este si
nistru i sumbru.

Nu e un loc unde s vrei s ai ntlniri.

Acum, n schimb, vor merge n parc


vor sta i vor discuta n jurul unei cutii cu viermi.

Au trecut 4 ani de cnd a nceput totul, i nimeni nu s-ar
fi gndit c ar fi posibil 

un proiect colectiv de compostaj ntr-un cartier oarec
are.

Acum, aproape un sfert din popula ie ia parte la proie
ct,

i locuitorii sun pentru a se nscrie ca voluntari.

O s punem capacul.

Aici, Francis instaleaz a 114-a cutie.

i iat, aceasta este gleata voastr.

Apoi urmeaz s v dau un autocolant i un ghid de utilizare.

Acum v las s ncerca i. E rndul vostru s v juca i.

Da, trebuie s lucra i!

Compostul a devenit att de popular

datorit aa numitei metode Tupperware.

Fiecare instalare nou este pretext pentru o mic petrec
ere, ntre vecini.


Fiecare i primete instruc iunile i trusa de la maestrul co
mpostor.

Ce ve i pune n gle ile voastre?

- Coji? - Coji, asta este scris mai sus.

Se folosesc n mare parte ingredientele ce in de pregtirea
mesei: resturi de legume,

coji de ou, za de cafea,

flori, resturi de mncare...

Eventual un fruct stricatpe care nu-l mai mnca i.

Pute i s l tia i n dou i s l pune i nuntru.

Nu punem nici carne

nici pete, deoarece acestea pot provoca mici defec iuni.

i cu ct ucenicii compostori sunt mai tineri, cu att sunt
mai pasiona i.

Vrei s-mi pui o ntrebare?

Dup ce am pus cojile de legume,

wce facem?

Dup ce a i pus cojile nu mai face i nimic. Viermiorii vor ave
a grij de restul.

Ei ciugulesc, le sug, le descompun, iar la sfrit nu mai rmn
e nimic.

Vreau s- i art cum va fi. Hai cu mine.

Uite, vom lua un be ior vom spa pu in,

i poate vom gi nite viermiori for when your daddies

go fishing... - Da, o rm!

Nu este o rm, e un viermior de compost.

Sunt viermi care rmn la suprafa i mnnc frunze.

Aceasta este genera ia care va munci mai mult pentru asta
.

Noi am fcut doar nceputul,

noi avem destul de multe obiceiuri proaste.

Ei, n schimb, vor fi obinui i de mici i dup aceea le va fi ma
i uor.

Dup aceea, se pot face o mul ime de ac iuni.

Odat ce oamenii se vor obinui s-i vorbeasc i s se ntlneasc 
ei vor organiza i alte activit i

precum medita ii colare, babysiting...

Oamenii i vor vorbi i vor profita de spa iul verde

pe care, este ntr-adevr de necrezut, nu-l foloseau deloc,

nici nu-l vedeau. Era precum o carte potal, iar acum ei v
or tri acolo.

Let's recap: one third fewer bins

means one third saved in waste processing.

And with the compost, you can grow lots of things.

Plants, of course. But also social ties.

Good enough to eat.

Is it homogenous?

- Animal life... - No, no animal life.

Yes, there is some.

It's a sustainable-development initiative.
>

START=2495040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>There's the environmental angle,
START=2498600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2498760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>the economic angle and the social angle.
START=2501320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2501480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>It's all in there.
START=2503280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2503480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>But compost hasn't yet revealed all its benefits.
It can help our balconies flower, reduce our waste b
y a third,

and also fertilize our fields.

Which they badly need.

For after decades of intensive use of chemical ferti
lizers,

the soil in which we farm is in steep decline.

Intensified cereal growing has weakened the organic mat
ter in soil

and therefore the humus,

and we've seen changes in soil behaviour.

We've looked for solutions to halt this decline in soil
quality.

Chemistry exhausted our land. Biology can perk it up
.
<SYNC

<SYNC

<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2546000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Nol Adam founded an association of farmer-composters<
START=2549440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2549600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>with 40 colleagues.
START=2551480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2551640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>They aim to produce natural fertilizer
START=2554120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2554280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>that's non-polluting and more effective than chemica
START=2557640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2557800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>And without collateral damage.
START=2559920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2564520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Raw materials aren't costly:
START=2566920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2567080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>take the green waste from villages.
START=2569800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2569960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Then leave it to natural fermentation.
START=2574320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2577560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>It's 77C inside, a sign that the matter is being well de
START=2582040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2582200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>by micro-organisms, and at the same time
START=2584800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2584960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>it destroys any weed seeds among the plants
START=2588080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2588240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and also any diseases
START=2590200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2590360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>that may be present.
START=2591960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2592120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>So it guarantees good-quality compost is produced.
i>
<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2598960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>These farmers produce the same humus as the forest</

by accelerating the natural cycle.

Decomposition in the woods may take decades.

Here, it only takes 6 months for the earth to return
to the earth.

By applying this principle to all farming,

we could considerably reduce soil pollution 

and ensure its long-term fertility.

But green waste has many other virtues.

It can also produce energy

thanks to a strange process called anaerobic digesti
on.

This is a methane digester.

France will build 32 of them in the next 5 years.

It may look industrial, but it's as natural as can b
e.

ch.
You could say methanisation is like a large cow's stoma
<SYNC

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CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2661280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>First, the cow grazes:
START=2663920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2664080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>tons of soft, humid waste is crushed and mixed here.
START=2669000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2669160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Then the cows swallows:
START=2671800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2671960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>the green mulch is sent through this oesophagus
START=2674800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2674960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>into a kind of belly,
START=2676840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2677000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>where the debris is digested by bacteria.
START=2680160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2680320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>And at the end of the digestion cycle,
START=2683280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2683440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>the cows gets wind.
START=2685640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2686960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>This is the end of the chain.
START=2689400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2689560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We've done all this work to obtain biogas,
START=2693920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2694080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>which is then injected into these generator sets
START=2697080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2697240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>that work a central generator which produces electricit
START=2701360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2702160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>They're diesel units converted for biogas.
START=2704920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2705080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>That's how we can produce energy
>
<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2707920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>from organic waste.
START=2710480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=2712240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Unfortunately, not everything is easily recycled.
Lots of consumer goods contain toxic substances.

Some get rid of them cheaply by sending them to poor
countries

as exports of second-hand goods.

An illegal but common practice.

How can we stop this trafficking?

With 2000 quays like this one,

Antwerp is the second-largest European port after Ro
tterdam.

Tens of thousands of containers are loaded and unloa
ded each day.

An ideal opportunity for hoodlums who want to get ri
d of toxic waste

by sending it surreptitiously to faraway lands

less particular about ecological dangers.

They didn't count on Customs Officer Vos and his spe

cial unit,

on the lookout for suspicious merchandise.

This is the boat's waybill,

all the goods carried are listed here.

Each container has a description

of what should be inside.

From this description,

we choose the containers we're going to inspect.

Firstly we check the seals,

then the documents,

then send the container to a scanner

for a closer inspection of its contents.

Then, if necessary, we empty it entirely.

The scanner can check if the suspicious container

is carrying the goods specified

and not toxic waste.

Just look: in this French container from Strasbourg,


we can see black marks indicating the presence of ga
s.

Odd, for electric cookers.

This container is refused. Why?

Because the compressors in it weren't declared and cont
ain

CFC gas which erodes the ozone layer.

It will therefore be refused and sent back to its count
ry of origin.

Return to sender in Strasbourg.

This time, the highly polluting fridges

won't reach their destination: Ghana.

To halt waste trafficking, we must step up customs c
hecks.

But there are other solutions,

some of which can be very profitable.

In Antwerp, engineers have found a way

to transform some waste into gold.

It's a formula that should be taken literally.

Each year, Umicore recovers thousands of tons of com
puters 

and mobile phones from all over the world

and extracts all kinds of metals:

copper, silver, palladium... and especially

gold.

We process around

30,000 tonnes of electronic waste,

motherboards, GSMs, connector components, etc.

If we take the connectors here,

the connection points are golden,

so there's gold in them. They're easy to recognise.

The Umicore engineers developed


complex technologies to recover the metals while min
imising risks.

Their industrial secrets are jealously guarded,

as they're worth their weight in gold.

Sold!

A few taps of the hammer

and no less than 7 million euros comes down the tube
.

Here, the production of gold from electronic waste

amounts to around 6 tonnes per year.

The price of gold is high now:

25,000 euros per kilogram.

So that represents a certain value.

6000 kilos times 25,000 euros is pretty impressive.

Indeed it is. 

150 million euros a year,

to which can be added the price of the other metals
Umicore recovers.

Our mobile phones are also a source of treasure.

GSMs can be valuable for their precious-metal content.

If we throw away a GSM, naturally the metals are lost,

and in some circumstances the battery can even explode.

Recovery limits the risks to the environment.

There's another advantage:

the seam of used devices isn't likely to dry up.

If we don't recycle,

in the long or medium term,

some metal resources will be exhausted

and there may be no solution,

as there's no substitute.

If we recycle electronic waste, we achieve a level

of gold recovery of 300 to 350 grams per tonne.

So it's a gold mine,

one that's richer than those in South Africa.

These scrap-phone mountains are worth all the mines
in Transvaal.

But beware. Don't play at prospectors

by burning a computer board!

You will poison yourself,

along with your neighbours, and get nothing.

In Ghana, youngsters unaware of the danger hope to r
ecover

precious metals by burning components.

But burning plastic creates dioxins and other poison
s.

A survey recently showed these youngsters

rarely lived to be older than 25.

It's very important to have an effective system,

not only to recover the metals

but also to destroy the dioxins

which can form in the melting process.

Even our toxic waste can be worth its weight in gold
.

So recycling is doubly useful: it avoids dangerous p
ollution

and saves on raw materials

which are becoming rarer.

Then why not design products

in such a way as to be easily recyclable?

This is called Ecodesign.

In the aircraft industry, for instance,

the idea is beginning to take hold.

What happens to our airliners after their last fligh
t?

In the 1970s, the aircraft industry produced 50 per
year.

But today, they make 20 times as many,

so there are more and more end-of-life aircraft.

Until now, the hulks were buried

or stored in the desert, like here in Arizona,

but over the next 20 years, we'll have over 6000 to
recycle,

enough to cover a quarter of the surface of Paris.

In future, we'll have to find a less burdensome solu
tion.

Arosave,

a partnership between Airbus and waste-treatment spe
cialist Sita,

has its own ideas.

Here in Tarbes, they dismantle planes

piece by piece: every bolt, every wire.

Mind your head.

It's a surgical operation

for which they call on specialists
<P
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<SYNC

START=3209200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>like former aircraft builder Jean-Luc.
START=3212520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3212680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We haven't started on this cockpit yet.
START=3217200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3217360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>You can see the red danger labels
START=3220720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3220880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>for the engine fire shut-off handles,
START=3223080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3223240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>because we've worked on the engines.
START=3225760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3225920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We've begun taking out the seats.
START=3228160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3228320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We'll take the cabin apart,
START=3229960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3230120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>because the seats represent quite a weight.
START=3233560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3233720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>If you can put it together,
START=3235400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3235560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>you can take it apart. And vice-versa.
START=3238880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3239840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Jean-Luc is an enthusiast.
START=3241760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3241920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>He won't be breaking anything.
START=3244360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3244520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>His work couldn't be any more constructive.
START=3248080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3248800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>I was used to making aircraft fly,
START=3251840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3252000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>but I enjoy doing this job because
START=3255480>

it's not destructive work.

I don't break, I dismantle. It's different.

I dismantle knowing I could put it back together.

It's fun, in fact.

I'm a bit like a kid with a Lego set

or even a Meccano set.

It took 9 months to build this Airbus A300,

it will be dismantled in 6 weeks with almost as much
care.

Once it's cleared of pollution,

the cabin is cut up with diamond wire

to extract all the precious materials.

The aircraft industry is discovering a new source of
profit.

When you remelt electric cable,

you can recover gold and silver leaf,

or 99.9% of it, which is extraordinary.

START=3310720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3310880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Airplanes have karma too.
START=3313080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3313240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>This old crate can be reincarnated
START=3315840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3316000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>- 80% of it - as a modern version. Or as a scooter.<
<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3321880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>There'll always be a little something of the aircraft.
START=3326160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3326520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>You might find an aluminium scooter
START=3329840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3330000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>that came from this plane that I dismantled.
START=3333320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3333560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>You never know!
START=3335240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3336240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Maybe you'll get some in your next car's engine block.
START=3340440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3341880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Dismantling can pay well,
START=3344720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3344880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>but for the time being, it's not easy.
START=3347360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3347520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>So manufacturers are starting
START=3349480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3349640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>to take recycling into account at the design stage.<
<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3354640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>When we're developing the A350, for example,
START=3358280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3358440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>we begin wondering how we can recycle it.
START=3361240>
/i>
/i>
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<SYNC

START=3361400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Merely asking the question
START=3364160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3364320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>means our experiments in dismantling are bearing fruit.
START=3369040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3372080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We haven't yet achieved perpetual flight,
START=3374560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3374720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>but we do know how to make the same parts 
START=3378320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3378480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>fly for a long time.
START=3381080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3384640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Some have gone even further.
START=3386840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3387000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>They build houses out of recovered materials.
START=3391360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3399960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>To see this little miracle in action,
START=3403440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3403600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>we have to head north to Scotland.
START=3407920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3408800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>The hills around Glasgow give a very good view 
START=3412000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3412160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>of the ecological ravages caused by cars.
START=3415320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3415480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>And we're not talking greenhouse gases.
START=3418680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3419600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We have a major problem in the world with car tyres.
START=3423200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3423360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Currently in the U.K. where we're based,
START=3425520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3425680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>we have about 50 million a year that are waste.
START=3428480>
<P
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<SYNC

<SYNC

START=3429920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>If you asked Kevan Trott what his job is,
START=3432840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3433000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>he'd tell you he's a "biotect". 
START=3436040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3436240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Biotecture, or green architecture, was born
START=3438520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3438680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>in the 1970s in the USA.
START=3440560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3440720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Kevan decided to promote it throughout Europe.
START=3444320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3445320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>The whole concept revolves around materials
START=3447440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3447600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>that are available locally, globally.
START=3449920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3450080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>The world has a problem with car tyres.
START=3452040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3452200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>They're available almost everywhere,
START=3454200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3454360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and we use bottles, plastic, glass bottles,
START=3456440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3456600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>mayonnaise jars, jam jars,
START=3460120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3460280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>recycled timber...
START=3462640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3462920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Here, the ecobuilders are building a reception centr
START=3466120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3466280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>for the Green Head Moss nature park
START=3468920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3469080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>by using local resources.
START=3471520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3476880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We get all these tyres from a place we call Tyre Mounta
<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3480800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Just on one of the locations we are going to,
START=3482960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3483120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>they go through 10,000 tyres daily, every day.
START=3486760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3486920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>So in this house, which isn't by any means
START=3489360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3489520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>the largest you can build with this type of constructio
in.
<SYNC

you go through about 800 to 1000 tyres.

So if you take 10,000 tyres every day,

the potential of what we can do with waste tyres is ast
ounding.

Welcome to Scotland!

Enjoy the weather.

There are now 1000 such sustainable houses all over
the world.

Kevan decided to build his in more clement climes,

in Normandy, in the village of Ger.


<SYNC
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<SYNC
We visit the house with Kevan's wife, Gillian Trott.

START=3537760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3538720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Here, behind the stones, are tyres,
START=3541520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3541680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>ten rows of tyres, and then above that,
START=3545000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3545160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>we have 10,000 bottles and 5000 cans.
START=3550680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3552480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>The house blends with the landscape 
START=3554600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3554760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and functions as an eco-system.
START=3557160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3557320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>They call this "permaculture".
START=3560320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3562200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We've installed on the roof ten solar panels.
START=3565640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3565800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>That generates
START=3567000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3567160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>enough power for this house
START=3568800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3568960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>to be totally self-sufficient for its needs.
START=3572000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3573880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>The house works exactly
START=3575720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3575880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>as any normal house does, we have light switches...
START=3579280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3579440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We use all normal equipment. We have a washing machine,
START=3583400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3583560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>we have computers, telephones...
START=3586360>

START=3586520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>everything you'd expect in a normal house.
START=3589640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3591520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We are working more with nature.
START=3594160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3594320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>I'm sure electric companies
START=3596240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3596400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>aren't very happy with people generating their own powe
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3599680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>But the sun is there for everyone to use.
START=3601400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3601560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Why shouldn't anyone tap into it?
START=3603280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3603440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>It is something that everyone will have to do at some p
r.
START=3606480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3606640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We all know what the situation is with climate change.
START=3609640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3609800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>It's a fantastic way to get clean, free energy!
START=3613440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3621120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Human activity has unfortunately produced 
START=3623520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3623680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>some waste we can't re-use 
START=3625920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3626080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and certainly not sort.
START=3628080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3628240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>For one simple reason:
START=3630280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3630960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>they're already diluted in our environment.
START=3634320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3635280>
..
They're called micro-pollutants,

START=3637200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3637360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and these are types of waste
START=3640880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3641040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>that come from current production and consumption,
START=3644400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3644560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>including the manufacture of plastic
START=3646880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3647040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>or the decomposition of plastic.
START=3649520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3650280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>But it comes from paint, fertilizer, varnish, solvents.

Products we use in everyday life

contain substances that even in tiny quantities

disturb the environment and are found in water,

sooner or later in the soil,

and also in the food chain.

They're absorbed by living beings,

concentrated, and then turn up in our food.

So that's a growing concern today.

The most alarming example is the case of micro-pollu
tants called PCBs.

<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC

START=3689040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>A chemical used as an electrical insulator 
START=3692120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3692280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>for decades throughout the world.
START=3694720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3695720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Guillaume Llorca, head of investigations for WWF Fra
START=3699840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3700000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>is looking into this new kind of pollution.
START=3703080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3703960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Today, PCBs are found
START=3705440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3705600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>all over the environment.
START=3707400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3707560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>They're chemical compounds that date back to the 1930s
START=3711480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3711640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>that were used by a company called Monsanto.
START=3715360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3715520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>They had lots of applications.
START=3717560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3717720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>It's a very good electrical insulator.
START=3720240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3720400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>It looks rather like oil.
START=3724160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3725120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Production in France was banned in 1987.
START=3728400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3728560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>But we now know there are PCBs everywhere in the enviro
START=3732240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3732400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>They're like time bombs.
START=3734520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3734680>
Like asbestos. There is no reliable epidemiological tes

t In France,

but, health-wise, the time will come when we have to pa
y the bill.

We've barely an inkling of the damage done by this p
ollution.

But its victims are real. Like Mr and Mrs Letellier.


Until last year, they raised chickens in La Chapelle
Ranville, Normandy.

Today, they have lost everything.

A year after a veterinary-services check,

the Letelliers received an email announcing that the
ir chickens

and their eggs were contaminated by PCBs

and unfit for human consumption.

I haven't studied, but I did what anyone would do: I Go
ogled

and found PCBs, and thought "Oh God!" So now I know.

We're above the limit, but our pollution is phenomenal.

We were proud of our free-range farm.

That's what consumers wanted,

and when there were national food scandals,

we'd often get more customers

who wanted to buy from local producers

who produced healthy food.

Now we realise that they have been misled.

Given the way we farmed, looking back on it,

we find that rather disgusting.

No one understands the mystery

of how PCBs managed to arrive in this village.

By air or by water?

The Letelliers' aversion to intensive farming was al
ways a point of honour.

This land has been used for free-range farming for 3
centuries.

How could PCBs poison the poultry?

Today it's wet, so there are plenty of worms in the gra
ss.
<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3854000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>The chickens love to eat them.
START=3856920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3857080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>As the ground is contaminated,
START=3858880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3859680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>the chickens are eating food that's contaminated.
START=3864720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3864880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>So automatically you get eggs that are contaminated als
<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3872120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>This is the hen house...
START=3874720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3874880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>in a neglected state.
START=3876800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3876960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>It's not been cleaned, but what's the point of cleaning
<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3882600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We were so disgusted
START=3884920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3885080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>that we left it all as it stood.
START=3887360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3889200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>All this is worth nothing.
START=3891320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3891480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>30 years' investment reduced to nothing.
START=3894280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3894440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>It's a farm that we can't work on, we can't live from o
o.
START=3899400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3900640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and we can't even pass it on to the children.
START=3904920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
>
<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>It was the last working farm in La Chapelle Ranville.
START=3908280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3908440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Now there are no more.
START=3910200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=3912320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>But finding the guilty party could be a headache,
as PCBs are stowaways which travel throughout nature
.

We end up with indeterminate industrial pollution.

Once again, it's up to us to find the cause of the poll
ution.

It's another example of how the human side of things

isn't taken into consideration.

The fault is theirs, but they don't know if this field
next to theirs

is polluted or not, so that's what we're going to find
out.

The 8 largest waterways in France are highly contami
nated by PCBs,

and some regions are already paying the bill.

In Franche-Comt,

the consumption of most freshwater fish is banned.

The effects of PCBs are harmful, especially to repro
duction,

the immune system,

and are potentially carcinogenic.

One crisp morning on the Doubs, we meet Mr Cudey,

head of the professional fishermen's union.

But months from retirement, the picture is bleak.

It makes me sick.

All the fish that can't be sold nowadays

are all termed as

fish affected by PCBs:

carp, wels catfish, tench, bream, stone loach...

As far as our catch goes, that's a major share.

I'd say 70% of the fish we see here.

Contaminated fish cannot be eaten. They will be dest
royed.

This is one of the contaminated fish.

Through bioaccumulation, because it has fatty flesh.

These fish feed

at the bottom of the river.

That's why, seeing as the chemicals

are mainly in the silt,

it's the bottom feeders that are most affected.

The time has come to act.

EU countries have promised

to improve the ecological state of rivers by 2015.

The only thing is,

PCBs aren't taken into account in their measurements
of cleanliness.

For Alain Fousseret, vice president of Franche Comt R
egional Council,

the authorities should be taking this far more serio
usly.

When you have chronic pollution,

that doesn't kill right away, that's insidious,

it's very hard to show that when you don't look for it.

Why do they call the Doubs polluted

and say there are PCBs in the fish?

Because we looked for them,

because we launched a campaign to measure them!

If we hadn't, we wouldn't have caught them. No problem.

And this happens all the time.

We don't investigate enough because we're always worrie
d

about the economic impact it'll have,

and that really is serious.

We still haven't found the miracle solution 

to eliminate PCBs already present on river-beds,

but at least we can decontaminate products containin
g them.

So far there is just one plant

specialised in the chemical elimination of PCBs.

It is in Japan, the first country to feel 

the devastating effects of this pollutant.

In Japan, we became aware of the danger

when PCBs were mixed with cooking oil.

It caused serious skin problems.

It was a typical case of mass poisoning.

Toxicology tests carried out in Japan 

revealed that the problem

could be greater for future generations.

As people gradually ingurgitated PCBs,

it accumulated in their organism

and caused malformations in newborns.

START=4191200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>The use of PCBs has since been banned.
START=4194720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4197360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>How can we ensure that manufacturers 
START=4200320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4200480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>make no more poisons like PCBs,
START=4203440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4204080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>whose ravages we will discover in 30 years' time?
<SYNC

<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4210640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>In 2007, the European Reach regulation forced
START=4214000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4214200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>the chemical industry to carry out tests
START=4216200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4216360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>each time a new molecule was invented
START=4219440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4219600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and its dangerousness established before being marke
>
START=4225240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4229920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Detecting pollution
START=4231120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4231280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>before it can cause real damage
START=4233480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4233640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>is also the goal of Professor Hu,
START=4236240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4236400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>robotics researcher at Essex University in England.<
START=4241040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4266880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>When he's not teaching his robots to speak,
START=4270360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4270520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>he teaches them to protect the environment.
START=4273320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>Like this carp with a tracker head.
START=4276360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4276520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We want to use the robotic fish
START=4278960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4279120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>to monitor the water quality.
START=4282200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4282640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>For pollution protection.
START=4284640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4285040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>And the EU
START=4285960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4286120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>thought that was a good idea.
START=4288920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4289080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>That's why they gave us funding of 3 million euros
START=4292160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4292320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>to monitor any leaks of oil
START=4297240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4297400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and other chemical pollution in the environment.
START=4300840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4301520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>So we want to use this fish to collect
START=4304680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4304840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>pollution information,
START=4306560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4306720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and then generate radio pollution maps
START=4310320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4310480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>for the port authority,
START=4312480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4312640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>who can look at the port in real time.
START=4315520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4316480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>If anything happens, for example,
START=4319200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>ships go in and out,
START=4321680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4321840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>but if some ships are leaking oil,
START=4324920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4325080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>our fish will follow them, and then the 3-D map comes b

and says there's oil coming out of this ship.

So then, the authority will impose sanctions.

This is the final fish,

1.5 meters long. It's a big fish.

And this is a GPS receiver,

and a module ensuring communication with other robots.

Inventions like Professor Hu's tracker-head carp

could signal industrial leaks

before they become an ecological disaster.

But water resources are threatened by another form o
f waste,

far more widespread and almost undetectable:

pharmaceutical drugs.

Like many scientists

who study our water-resource problems,

Professor Petrella has one big concern:

our urine.

We've noted the appearance

of new sources of contamination

that raise the problem of treatment.

It's due to our ageing society.

The degree of medicalization of the older part of the p
opulation

is seen in the emission

into our waste system of urine

with a high level of toxicity.

The toxicity is extremely pronounced,

and our current treatments are inadequate and insuffici
ent.

Purification plants weren't designed to treat the hu
ge influx

of new molecules contained in the medicines we take.


Professor Hlne Budzinsky,

a CNRS researcher in Bordeaux,

was among the first to study this new type of pollut
ion.

Drugs can become toxic to the environment

when they act on another biological target

and have side-effects.

We already use, in terms of human therapy,

lots of drugs with side-effects. They're well known,

users are informed, but we also have them at an environ
mental level.

Beware: medicines can be harmful to nature's health!


To measure these "undesirable side-effects",

Professor Budzinsky's favourite sites are estuaries,


like here on the Gironde.

So it's December 15, and the time is...

09:10.

Estuary waters carry evidence of our urine,

and therefore of our way of life.

They concentrate what we reject, including drugs

we absorb and also those we have our animals absorb.


The presence of these compounds in the aquatic environm
ent

can, for example, affect the reproduction

of various species. For example, hormones used in contr
aceptives,

antidepressants that could affect the fishes' behaviour
,

then we have anti-cancer drugs which are toxic compound
s.

It's only thousandths of a gram.


CLASS=SUBTTL>But we're witnessing all kinds of phenomena,

START=4544360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4544520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>like the feminization of fish in the Seine estuary,
START=4547560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4547720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>one of the hardest hit.
START=4549280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4555280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>At the Institute of Molecular Sciences in Bordeaux,<

the samples are analysed.

Thanks to ever-more sensitive measuring devices,

the professor can trace the presence of micro-pollut
ants 

to within a nanogram per litre,

the equivalent of a teaspoonful in an Olympic swimmi
ng pool.

An insignificant proportion. And yet...

If we take the example of hormones,

we know they're toxic at under 1ng/l.

It's been demonstrated, published, and now established.

Does persistent chemical contamination have an impac
t 

on human health?


Professor Budzinsky wonders...

People who are now elderly

haven't usually been exposed to chemical pollution

from a young age.

The first generations to really be exposed to chemical
contaminants

are those currently aged between 40 and 50.

It's an area where we lack knowledge and need to make p
rogress.

Worried for the health of her fellow citizens,

she presented her results

before a Senate commission.

Chemical pollution,

pharmaceutical substances...

It's all fairly worrying.

In 3 years, Professor Budzinsky 

has identified throughout France

3000 undesirable medicinal substances.

Our river water is looking more like a chemist's cat
alogue.

Antibiotics,

antivirals, antidepressants, anticonvulsants,

anti-cancer drugs...

Some of these substances are known poisons.

The anti-cancer drugs are cytotoxins,

toxic molecules that are designed

to kill cells.

The problem comes when the molecules

are found in an environment, or targeting something

for which they were not designed.

All aquatic environments are contaminated:

rivers, estuaries, seas...

We feed the environment sufficiently

for the footprint to be persistent and tenacious

beyond the capacities of natural degradation.

In other words, we're sending nature

more medicine that it can eliminate.

Senator Roland Courteau, commission spokesman,

is convinced: we must improve our purification capac
ities.

Especially biological treatments, which consist

in using bacteria to degrade molecules 

that pollute and render them harmless.

Today, some purification plants

are equipped with biological treatments,

and we see, according to this hearing,

that they can, to a large extent, degrade

these pharmaceutical substances.

START=4739040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4739200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>That comes at a cost, so we'll have to examine how best
<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4772160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>is far superior to the rate of renewal
START=4775120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4775280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>of our water resources.
START=4778200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4778520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>It's like deducting a set amount from your salary
START=4783960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4784440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>that's higher than the amount of money you are paid mon
START=4743520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4743680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>make available, and even make compulsory,
START=4747520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4747680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>these biological processes
START=4750560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4750720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>to our purification plants.
START=4753560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4754520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>It's high time we took a serious look
START=4757080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4757240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>at water purity.
START=4758600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4758760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Because, as Professor Petrella says,
START=4761000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4761160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>we'll be running short very soon.
START=4764200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4764360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>In the developed countries,
START=4766360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4766520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>the so-called developed countries, the rate of water us
<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4788640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>What happens?
START=4790400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4791440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>You go bankrupt.
START=4793360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4793520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We're constantly limiting
START=4799200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=4800120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>the quantity of water of sufficient quality for human u

How do we avoid bankruptcy?

If drinking-water reserves are limited,

we must find ways to purify waste water 

and avoid contaminating it with indestructible molec
ules,

whether from medicines or elsewhere.

Some beauty and healthcare products

trumpet the benefits of new molecules.

But do we know how to make them harmless to the envi
ronment?

And do we really know their effects?

It's a question being addressed by researchers

at the European Space Agency.

Here in Belgium, the scientists

are working to improve a water-recycling system.

They've found that certain molecules contained in co
nsumer products

can pose a real problem.

What we studied in our group is, for example, the bioci
de Triclosan,

which is used in certain types of toothpaste.

And these biocides can induce genetic changes.

So they are general toxins that induce mutation.

Let's check the labels:

Triclosan is an antibacterial agent used in

most of the main brand toothpastes,

but also found in soaps, shaving gels,

hand creams and even deodorants.

>
For now, the mutations caused by these molecules 
only concern bacteria.

The real problem with compounds invented by industri
al chemists

is that they're indestructible waste:

no one has yet found out how to get rid of them.

The main problem with synthetic molecules

is that bacteria hasn't found a solution to degrade the
m.

If we use them in large quantities,

for example, biocides like Triclosan,

but also pharmaceuticals like Diclofonac,

if we continue to use them,

they will accumulate in our system

because there's no biological means to degrade them yet
.

It's essential that we know which compounds are in soap
s

or other hygienic hair products,

and we can maybe avoid

the more toxic ones or the ones which have mutagenic ef
fects.

We should make a choice as consumers

to avoid these compounds until there is a biotechnologi
cal solution

and we can find bacteria to degrade these compounds.

Too many new molecules, often indestructible,

are accumulating in the environment:

waste that could lead humanity to an ecological impa
sse.

Suren Erckman believes 

that we should totally rethink our approach to recyc
ling.

Our approach to recycling today, in the 21st century,

is extremely primitive.

Our waste recycling activities are, for the most part,
still very dirty,
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC

START=5006680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>consume lots of energy
START=5008800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5009160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and lots of material.
START=5011320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5011480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We're only starting out,
START=5013720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5013880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>so it's good to develop the approach and technologies
START=5017080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5017240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>as we do for long-range space missions
START=5019720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5019880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>so we can develop real recycling strategies
START=5023640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5023800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>that look like what's done in a biosphere.
START=5026720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5027080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We're currently a long way off.
START=5030000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5030440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>It's interesting that,
START=5032120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5032280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>in the most sophisticated systems man has yet produced,
START=5035760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5035920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>which are our space ships,
START=5037880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5038040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>if they want to survive, the only solution is to imitat
<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5043240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>what ecosystems have done.
START=5045520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5048640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Recreating an autonomous ecosystem
START=5051200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5051360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>is just what ESA researchers are doing
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC
<P
<SYNC

<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5055600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>to prepare the first manned flight to Mars.
START=5059520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5060640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>18 months one way,
START=5062640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5062800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>3 years' round trip.
START=5064680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5064840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Taking enough stores is impossible.
START=5067680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5067840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>To supply the astronauts
START=5069200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5069360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>with water, oxygen and food for 3 years,
START=5073040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5073200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>there's only one solution:
START=5074800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5074960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>replenish the reserves gradually by recycling.
START=5078520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5083280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>A huge programme focusing the efforts
START=5085640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5085800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>of thirty teams all over Europe.
START=5088880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5089400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Barcelona University is home 
START=5091760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5091920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>to the programme's star turn, codenamed Melissa:
START=5095040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5095200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>an ecosystem created from the ground up.
START=5098680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5099160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Arnaud Fossen shows us round this miniature biospher
START=5102360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5102520>
where everything functions in a closed circuit.

START=5105880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5107000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Inside this lab, we've the equivalent of a little Earth

in which an ecosystem

has been created,

one that runs much faster than a terrestrial ecosystem,

and in which we attempt to recycle 100% of waste.

What nature recycles in several years,

this machine can do in several days, in accelerated
mode.

As on Earth, minor slips can have major consequences
.

But here it's detected right away.

We soon see the consequences

of a mistake, of a contamination,

of poorly sorted waste, for example.

We can detect it in its performance.

On an Earth scale, we're not necessarily aware of it.
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CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5151080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>On a laboratory scale,
START=5152680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5152840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>we see it much quicker and detect it more easily.
START=5156840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5157840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Now let's see how this miniature Earth works.
START=5162360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5162520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>First stage:
START=5163240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5163400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>what to do with waste produced aboard?
START=5165960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5166360>
CLASS=SUBTTL>For example, leftovers, excrement, urine.
START=5169320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5170560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>We mix it up and send it into the ecosystem.
START=5174480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5175320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>This waste has been reduced and crushed
START=5178760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5178920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and now digested by the bacteria.
START=5182960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5183320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>And here are the bacteria at work,
START=5185840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5186000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>busy eating up the organic waste.
START=5189880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5190040>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Once digested, a thick fatty liquid is obtained,
START=5193280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5193440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>rather like the silt at the bottom of a lake.
START=5198240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5199640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>After the waste-digestion stage,
START=5202600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5202760>
CLASS=SUBTTL>there's another transformation, that of nitrogen.
START=5207440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5208640>
CLASS=SUBTTL>The nitrogen from the astronauts' urine 
START=5211160>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5211320>
CLASS=SUBTTL>is used as fertilizer to grow vegetables
START=5213800>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5213960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and this green algae called spirulina.
START=5217840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5218200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>It's very useful: not only does it produce oxygen,</
<SYNC

CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5221960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>but they're edible and full of vitamins. Bon apptit!
<SYNC


The astronauts will obtain oxygen

and food inside this compartment.

An interstellar gardener's dream,

this is a space kitchen garden.

The fertilizer produced by nitrogen will also help g
row vegetables.

A varied diet is important.

These lettuce, like all plants,

produce oxygen by photosynthesis,

they sweat and also produce water vapour

and of course are edible.

Inside this compartment

are the 3 ingredients needed for human life.

On the international space station, they already rec
ycle water.

The astronauts you see here are drinking their own u
rine.

Filtered, of course!

But the solution invented by the Melissa researchers


is both more natural and more appetizing.

Melissa proposes another way to make drinking water,

as by recovering the water vapour contained in this atm
osphere,

we can produce drinking water.

Psychologically, it's true:

you're less reticent to drink water

that's produced by plants.
<P
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START=5314520>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Imitating ecosystems,
START=5317200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5317400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>drawing inspiration from nature's own solutions,
START=5320240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5320400>
CLASS=SUBTTL>is the best way to preserve nature
START=5322920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5323080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and ensure our own survival.
START=5326240>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5326600>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Because we're travelling on a kind of space ship
START=5329840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5330000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>that's infinitely more complex: our planet.
START=5333120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5334200>
CLASS=SUBTTL>As astronaut Jean-Pierre Haigner reminds us.
START=5337280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5337440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>The French national has spent longest in space 
START=5339960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5340120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>after his 6-month stay on the Mir station.
START=5343120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5343280>
CLASS=SUBTTL>He had the time to distance himself,
START=5345920>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5346080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>and he deserves the last word.
START=5348880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5349080>
CLASS=SUBTTL>I watched the Earth a lot.
START=5351560>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5351720>
CLASS=SUBTTL>When you're in space,
START=5352960>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5353120>
CLASS=SUBTTL>it looks so small compared to the vastness of the unive
START=5356840>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5357000>
CLASS=SUBTTL>You can see it's finite, and it seems obvious

that a generation or two on, we could cause irreversibl
e damage.

The second feeling, in particular,

when you see the thin film of atmosphere,

this blue strip which, if the Earth were egg-sized,

would be thinner than the eggshell.

Our atmosphere ensures life,

oxygen, and also protection from ultraviolets.

And when you see this proportion,

you understand how fragile everything is, and how

we're not protected by a big buffer on a large scale.

The scale is critical compared to the problems we face.

There are no alternative solutions to Earth,

and we must adopt a new attitude if we want humanity to
continue

living on Earth for a few more centuries.

<SYNC

</SAMI>
START=5414880>
CLASS=SUBTTL>In memory of Jean-Pierre Lentin.
START=5417680>
CLASS=SUBTTL>
START=5455440>
CLASS=SUBTTL>Subtitling: TLTOTA
START=5457480>
CLASS=SUBTTL>

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<SYNC START=57920>

<P CLASS=SUBTTL><i>n Frana, conductorii ADEME ,<br>(Agenia pentru Protecia Medi

CLASS=SUBTTL>financially and environmentally.

<P CLASS=SUBTTL><i>20% for batteries: not much,</i>

CLASS=SUBTTL><i>is gradually becoming a reflex.</i>

CLASS=SUBTTL><i>a rite of passage for Japanese youth.</i>

CLASS=SUBTTL><i>Different collection trucks pass<br>every day of the we

CLASS=SUBTTL><i>So bins are a much rarer sight<br>in the streets.</i>

CLASS=SUBTTL>Sometimes I moan<br>because I have to do it again.

<P CLASS=SUBTTL>In the bin you've just seen<br>there were only

CLASS=SUBTTL>by 2015 only 50,000 tonnes<br>will be coming here.

<P CLASS=SUBTTL>Aceeai problem e i n cazul schiurilor,<br>sunt oameni care aru

<P CLASS=SUBTTL>Acum, n schimb, vor merge<br>n parc

ere, ntre vecini.</i>

<P CLASS=SUBTTL>You could say methanisation<br>is like a large cow's stoma

<P CLASS=SUBTTL><i>They didn't count on Customs<br>Officer Vos and his spe

<P CLASS=SUBTTL><i>The Umicore engineers developed</i>

CLASS=SUBTTL>or 99.9% of it,<br>which is extraordinary.

CLASS=SUBTTL><i>We visit the house with Kevan's wife,<br>Gillian Trott.

CLASS=SUBTTL>They're called micro-pollutants,

<P CLASS=SUBTTL>Like asbestos. There is no reliable<br>epidemiological tes

CLASS=SUBTTL>But we're witnessing<br>all kinds of phenomena,

<P CLASS=SUBTTL><i>on human health?</i>

CLASS=SUBTTL>these pharmaceutical substances.

<P CLASS=SUBTTL><i>For now, the mutations caused<br>by these molecules </i

CLASS=SUBTTL><i>where everything functions<br>in a closed circuit.</i>

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