Sisteme

Sisteme de orientare
orientare aa convertoarelor
convertoarelor solare/
solare/
Tracking
Tracking systems
systems for
for solar
solar energy
energy convertors
convertors

03. Solar radiation

Prof.dr.eng. Mircea Neagoe

Radiaia extraterestr (B0) se mparte,

prin traversarea stratului atmosferic, n
radiaie solar direct (B) i radiaie
solar difuz (D), cele dou
componente formnd radiaia global
(G).

Modeling the beam solar radiation B [W/m22]

Extraterrestrial solar radiation

Bo = 1367 1 + 0.0334 cos(0.9856o N 2.72o )

Available beam solar radiation (clear sky)

TR

B = Bo exp

0.9 + 9.4 sin

Braov (T
(TR3)
3)
Braov
R

incidenceangle
angle
incidence

Available beam solar radiation (cloudy sky)

BR = B FCC

Received beam solar radiation (Legea lui Lambert)

B* = B cos

BR * = BR cos

where:

n day number of the year;

TR beam radiation loss factor;

incidence angle;
Fcc_Braov
valori

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

obinute experimental

0.28

0.27

0.36

0.36

0.38

0.44

0.48

0.455

0.44

0.45

0.4

0.29

cos = e sr e PV eq = cos cos * cos( *) + sin sin *

Radiaia solar direct este maxim (Bmax = B) pe direcia razei solare
3/16

Modeling the diffuse solar radiation D [W/m22]

Expresiile radiaiei difuze disponibile i captate ntr-un plan orizontal DH ,
n cazul celor patru sisteme de orientare, n premisa cerului real estimat (Fcc < 1):
DISPONIBIL:

CAPTAT :

ECUATORIAL

= C D ( B0 B R )(cos cos cos + sin sin )

= CD (B0 BR ) cos cos* cos * + sin * sin *

PSEUDO
ECUATORIAL

= C D ( B0 B R ) cos cos

= C D ( B 0 B R ) cos cos

AZIMUTAL

= C D ( B0 B R ) sin

= C D ( B0 B R ) sin *

PSEUDOAZIMUTAL

= C D ( B0 B R ) cos cos

= C D ( B0 B R ) cos * cos *

CD_Braov
valori

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

obinute experimental

0.21

0.26

0.27

0.26

0.28

0.27

0.28

0.27

0.27

0.27

0.25

0.18

recomandate n
calcul

0.22

0.27

0.27

0.27

0.27

0.27

0.27

0.27

0.27

0.27

0.27

0.27

Expresiile radiaiei difuze disponibile i captate ntr-un plan oarecare

n cazul celor patru sisteme de orientare,:
DISPONIBIL:
ECUATORIAL
PSEUDO
ECUATORIAL
AZIMUTAL

PSEUDOAZIMUTAL

1 + (cos cos cos + sin sin )

2
1 + cos cos
= DH
2
1 + sin
= DH
2
= DH

= DH

1 + cos cos
2

DX ,

CAPTAT :

1 + cos cos * cos * + sin * sin *

2
*
*
1 + cos cos
= DH
2
1 + sin *
= DH
2

= DH

= DH

1 + cos * cos *
2

Radiaia solar difuz este maxim (Dmax = DH) n plan orizontal

4/16

Modeling the global solar radiation G [W/m22]

Available global solar radiation

Received global solar radiation

GH = BH + DH

G X = B X + D X
G * H = B * H + D * H
*
G X = B * X + D * X

Available MAXUMUM global solar radiation Gmax

Gmax

B cos( G ) DH (1 + sin G )
= G X ( * = G ) = B X + DX = H
+
sin
2

G = tan 1 1 +

5/16

DH
2 BH

tan

Received direct solar radiation family for tracking steps analysis:

the case of a pseudo-equatorial tracker during the SS in Bv/Ro

Variations of the received direct solar radiation: a the available radiation; a0 for a
tilted fixed panel (*= 0) ; b for panel with *=67; c for *=63 ; d for
*=53 ; e for *=40 ; f for *=32; g for *=22 .

Eficiena de captare a radiaie

solare
B, D, G [%]
Eficiena de captare a radiaie solare directe (B), difuze (D),
respectiv globale (G), descris ca mrime medie i ca mrime instantanee;
eficiena instantanee de captare este raportul ntre radiaia solar receptat pe
suprafaa convertorului solar (B*, D*, respectiv G*) i radiaia solar disponibil (B, D,
respectiv G).

B =

B*
D*
G*
; D =
; B =
;
B
DH
Gmax

eficiena medie de captare este raportul ntre energia radiaiei directe captate de
suprafaa convertorului solar (E(B*), E(D*), respectiv E(G*)) i energia radiaiei solare
disponibile (E(B), E(D), respectiv E(G)).

B _ med =

E (B *)
E (D*)
E (G *)
; D _ med =
; B _ med =
;
E (B )
E (DH )
E (Gmax )

References:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.

Goswami,
Goswami, D.J., Kreith,
Kreith, K., Kreider,
Kreider, J.F.: Principles of Solar Engineering,
Philadelphia, PA, George H. Buchanan Co., 1999.
Messenger, R., Ventre,
Ventre, J.: Photovoltaic System Engineering, Boca Raton,
London, New York, Washington, CRC Press, 2000.
Stine, B.W., Harrigan,
Harrigan, R.W.: Solar Energy Fundamentals and Design,
West Sussex, USA, John Wiley & Sons, 1985.
***, Catalogue: Planning and Installing solar thermal systems, London,
London,
James & James, Earthscan,
Earthscan, 2005
DIACONESCU, D., VISA, I., BURDUHOS, B., DINICU (POPA), V.:
Analysis of the SunSun-Earth angles used in the design of the solar
collectors' trackers, Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov,
Vol.13(48), 2006, ISSN 1223 9631, pg. 9999-104.
VISA, I., DIACONESCU, D., DINICU (POPA), V., BURDUHOS, B.:
On the Incidence Angle Optimization of the DualDual-Axis Solar Trackers,
11th International Research/Expert Conference TMT - Trends in the
Development of Machinery and Associated Technology
Technology, Hamammet,
Hamammet,
Tunisia, 0505-09 septembrie 2007, ISBN 995861734995861734-X, pg. 11111111-1114.