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mx y z 1
m 1 1
A 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
2 0 rang A 2 matricea are rangul 2 dac det A 0
1 1
m 1 1
m 1
C3 C2
det A 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
0
m 1
0 2
2 m 1
1 1
2
Ecuaia devine 2 m 1 0 m 1
Cramer
y
x
,y
, z z i observm c dac adunm ecuaia 2 cu 3 y 1
mx z 0
m 1
i din x0 y0 z0 4 obinem
Caz 2. m 1 det A 0 P
1
m
m 1
1
1
4
3 m
2
m 1
m 1
m 1
1
1 1
1
2 0 c 1
1 1
Rouche
1 2 2 0 sistem
1 1 0
1
x 2 1 1 2 1 0 2 1
2 x x
2 1
m 1
0 1 1
0 1 2
1 1
2 1 2 m 1 y y 1
1 0 1
m
y 1
m 1 1
m
z 1 1 2 2m z z
m 1
1 1 0
Fie p i polinomul f X 4 4 X p [ X ].
a) S se determine p astfel nct polinomul f s fie divizibil cu X 1.
b) S se determine p astfel nct polinomul f s aib o rdcin real dubl.
c) S se arate c, pentru orice p , polinomul f nu are toate rdcinile reale.
SOLUIE:
a)
b)
f 0
l
f 0
3 1
4
4
4 p 0 4 p 0 1 4 p 0 p 3
c)
Scriem relaiile lui Viete
a4 1, a3 0 , a2 0, a1 4, a0 p
V1 x1 ... x4
a3
0
a4
V2 x1 x2 ... x3 x4
a2
0
a4
V3 x1 x2 x3 ... x2 x3 x4
V4 x1 x2 x3 x4
a1
4
a4
a0
p
a4
tim c x12 x22 x32 x42 V12 2V2 deci x12 x22 x32 x42 0
Presupunem c polinomul f are toate rdcinile reale.
Deoarece x12 x22 x32 x42 0
x1 , x2 , x3 , x4
x1 x2 x3 x4 0 V3 0 contradicie,
SOLUIE:
a)
Trebuie s calculm derivata a doua.
f nl x n x n 1 n f nl l x n n 1 x n 1
x 0,
f nl l x 0 f n convex
n2
f nl x 0 n x n 1 1 0 x n 1 1 x 1
b)
1
0
c)
Avem
f n 1 n 0
1 xn n
fn n nn n2 1 0
xn n
1
Justificare: Folosim formula f g e g ln f
1 0
n
1
ln n 2 1
n
ln n 2 1
lim
lim
n n 2 1
2 n
e0 1 .
Fie funciile f , g : , f x
a) S se calculeze
x
ex
, g x f t cos t dt .
x
x
1 e
f x dx.
1
SOLUIE:
a) Folosim formula
f l x
dx ln f x
f x
. Avem:
a
1
1 1 e
ex
1 e
dx
dx ln 1 e x ln 1 e ln 2 ln
x
x
0 1 e
0 1 e
0
2
f x dx
x l
h( x)
g x
l
ex
e x
f x cos x f x cos x cos x f x f x cos x
x
x
1 e 1 e
e x 1 e x 1
e x e x 2
cos x
cos x x x
cos x
e e 2
1 e x 1 e x
Dac x 0, cos x 0 g l x 0 g
2
Dac x , cos x 0 g l x 0 g
2
c) tim c g l x cos x .
Integrm i obinem
l
g x dx cos xdx g x 02 sin x 02
g g 0 sin sin 0 g 1
2
2
2
0
1
0