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REFERATE GENERALE
REZUMAT
Rinita este definit ca o inflamaie a mucoasei nazale i se caracterizeaz printr-un complex de simptome, care
const n orice combinaie dintre urmtoarele: strnut, congestie nazal, prurit nazal i rinoree. Rinita alergic este
cea mai frecvent cauz de rinit. Este o condiie extrem de comun, care afecteaz ntre 18% i 40% din populaie.
n stabilirea diagnosticului de rinit alergic este important luarea unei anamneze ct mai corecte, examenul
fizic (inclusiv endoscopia nazal i teste de provocare nazal) precum i investigarea paraclinic analize de
laborator in vivo i in vitro, examinarea imagistic i examenul histopatologic.
Dei rinita alergic nu este o afeciune ce pune n pericol viaa, pot aprea complicaii sau comorbiditi care
s afecteze n mod semnificativ calitatea vieii.
Cuvinte cheie: rinit alergic, diagnostic, teste cutanate, testare in vitro, examene biologice,
examinare imagistic
ABSTRACT
Rhinitis is defined as an inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane and it is characterized by a complex
of symptoms that consists in any combination of the following: sneezing, nasal congestion, nasal itching and
rhinorrhea. Allergic rhinitis is the most common cause of rhinitis. It is a very common condition, which
aects between 18% and 40% of the population.
In diagnosing allergic rhinitis, taking an accurate anamnesis, the physical exam (including nasal
endoscopy and nasal provocation test), as well as a paraclinical investigation in vivo and in vitro laboratory
tests, imaging examination and histopathological exam, are important.
Although allergic rhinitis is not a life-threatening condition, it could appear complications and
comorbidities that can significantly aect the quality of life can occur.
Key words: allergic rhinitis, diagnostic, cutaneous test, in vitro testing, biological exams, imaging
examination
Adres de coresponden:
Prep. Dr. Roxana Mihaela Matei, Universitatea de Medicin i Farmacie Carol Davila, Str. Dionisie Lupu Nr. 37, Bucureti
287
terizate prin eozinofilie secretorie, NARES. Existena unei eozinofilii superioare valorii de 20%
n dou prelevri succesive, cuplat cu teste
alergologice negative, ndreapt diagnosticul
spre NARES. Prezena neutrofilelor n numr
mare este semn de infecie.
n rinita alergic i n sindromul Widal, predomin eozinocitele pe frotiu n peste 50%
dintre cazuri, iar diagnosticul de NARES implic
obligatoriu aceast investigaie, mai ales cnd
testele cutanate la diveri alergeni sunt negative.
Citologia n care predomin neutrofilele este cel
mai frecvent depistat n formele de rinit cronic.
n concluzie, nu orice afeciune din sfera ORL
care imit alergia i nu rspunde la diverse tratamente trebuie interpretat ca alergie. Diagnosticul se bazeaz pe istoricul pacientului i este
confirmat de examenul fizic i investigaiile
paraclinice, n special testele cutanate i dozrile
de IgE specifice.
BIBLIOGRAFIE
1. The Merck Manual ed. 18, 2006
2. Peretianu D., Saragea M. Imunologie n
teoria i practica medicinei, Ed. ALL,
Bucureti, 1996
3. Dr. Ioana Pedestru Patologia alergic n
otorinoloringologie, Ed. Muzeul Literaturii
Romne, Bucureti, 2006
4. Togias A.G. Systemic immunologic and
inflammatory aspects of allergic rhinitis.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. Nov 2000;
106(5 Suppl):S247-50.
5. Thompson A.K., Juniper E., Meltzer E.O.
Quality of life in patients with allergic
rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. Nov
2000; 85(5):338-47; quiz 347-8
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