Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
SUMAR
STUDII I CERCETRI
EVENIMENTE
Conferina Dinamici actuale ale realitii individuale i sociale, Universitatea Spiru Haret,
Institutul de Filosofie i Psihologie Constantin Rdulescu-Motru ............................... 353
CRITIC I BIBLIOGRAFIE
Rev. Psih., vol. 62, nr. 4, p. 279364, Bucureti, octombrie decembrie 2016
REVISTA DE PSIHOLOGIE
(JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY)
Vol. 62 2016 No. 4
CONTENTS
ANA MUNTEAN, ANCUA MARIA GURZA, Why the child needs a secure attachment? ... 337
EVENTS
Conference Current dynamics of individual and social reality, University Spiru Haret,
Institute of Philosophy and Psychology Constantin Rdulescu-Motru ........................ 353
Rev. Psih., vol. 62, nr. 4, p. 279364, Bucureti, octombrie decembrie 2016
REVISTA DE PSIHOLOGIE
(REVUE DE PSYCHOLOGIE)
Vol. 62 2016 No 4
SOMMAIRE
TUDES ET RECHERCHES
ANA MUNTEAN, ANCUA MARIA GURZA, Pourquoi lenfant a-t-il besoin dun attachement
securisant? ....................................................................................................................... 337
VNEMENTS
CRITIQUE ET BIBLIOGRAPHIE
DRAGO CRNECI, IULIANA ALEXA, Creierul de Homo Sapiens Ghid de utilizare (Le
cerveau de Homo Sapiens guide dutilisation), Bucureti, Editura Eikon, 2016, 166 p.
(Bogdan Danciu) ............................................................................................................. 355
Rev. Psih., vol. 62, nr. 4, p. 279364, Bucureti, octombrie decembrie 2016
STUDII I CERCETRI
Abstract
Traditionally, resilience has been defined as a personal trait involved in the positive adjustment
within the context of significant adversities. Recently, resilience was also conceived as a family-level
construct involving the processes used by family systems in their competent functioning and
adjustment to stressful events. Unfortunately, the most well-known and used scales assess mainly
individual resilience. This study describes the construction and initial validation of the Family
Resilience Scale (FRS). The construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis using the
principal axis factoring and direct oblimin rotation. A solution with four factors that accounted for
50.53% of the total variance was retained. Evidence of convergent validity was obtained through
significant correlations between the FRS and scores on family hardiness and communication. Divergent
validity of the FRS was supported by negligible correlation with a scale designed to capture
behavioural jealousy. Internal consistency was good, with Cronbachs alpha ranging between 0.81
and 0.84 for subscales of rhythmic, traditionalist, and versatile families. For subscale of regenerative
families, the internal consistency was acceptable ( = 0.65). Our preliminary findings suggest that the
FRS can provide a valid and reliable measure of family resilience. Further evidence of validity and
test-retest reliability of the FRS is needed.
Cuvinte-cheie: familie, rezilien, rezilien familial, evaluare.
Keywords: family, resilience, family resilience, assessment.
1. INTRODUCTION
The concept of resilience is becoming one of the most salient and challenging
notions in contemporary psychology (Black & Lobo, 2008; Luthar, Cicchetti &
Becker, 2000). Resilience is the ability to withstand and rebound from disruptive
life challenges. In the past decades, it has become an important concept in mental
health theory, research, and practice (Bonanno, 2004). If traditionally resilience has
been defined as a personal trait involved in the positive adaptation within the
context of significant adversities, more recently, resilience was also conceived as a
family-level construct, useful in formulating the response to one of the enduring
questions regarding family dynamics: why some families continually live well
together and respond positively to challenges, whereas others, in similar circumstances,
do not cope well? The theoretical perspectives of family resilience were built on a
*
Universitatea ,,Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Iai, Facultatea de Psihologie i tiine ale Educaiei,
Departamentul de Psihologie, Strada Toma Cozma nr. 3, 700554, Iai, Romnia; e-mail: turliuc@uaic.ro
Rev. Psih., vol. 62, nr. 4, p. 285294, Bucureti, octombrie decembrie 2016
286 Elena Roxana Pnoi, Maria Nicoleta Turliuc 2
The aim of the current paper is to construct and validate a scale to measure
family resilience. The theoretical background of this instrument is the Resiliency
Model of Family Adjustment and Adaptation (McCubbin & McCubbin, 1993, 1996).
We intend to assess the construct validity by exploratory factor analysis using the
principal axis factoring and direct oblimin rotation. Also, we plan to assess the
convergent / divergent validity and the internal consistency of the proposed scale.
288 Elena Roxana Pnoi, Maria Nicoleta Turliuc 4
3. METHOD
3.1. PARTICIPANTS
The first version of the scale, that included 28 items, was applied on a sample
of 93 Romanian couples: 93 men and 93 women, the mean ages being 28.2 (SD =
11.6) years for women, and 31.5 (SD = 13.3) for the men. With regard to their level
of education, 49% of whole sample had earned a university degree. All participants
were living with their partners: 61% were married, and 39% were involved a
consensual relationship. Participants reported a mean relationship duration of 12.32
(SD = 8.4) years. On average, they had 2.78 (SD = 1.36) children. The participants
were recruited through a convenience sampling plan from various public areas:
students from a state university and employees of several public institutions.
Participation in the study was voluntary and all participants signed an informed
consent before answering the questionnaire. The responses were anonymous.
3.3. MEASURES
situations. The FHI contains 20 items and three subscales, Commitment, Challenge,
and Control. Responses were scored on a four-point scale (0 false, 1 mostly
false, 2 mostly true, and 3 true). Negative items were reversed. A total score for
Family Hardiness is obtained by summing the scores on all items (e.g., We strive
together and help each other no matter what). In the current sample, for the total
FHI score, Cronbachs alpha was 0.87.
Enriching and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication, and Happiness
(ENRICH; Olson er al., 1985; apud Bronte-Tinkew er al., 2004, p. 69) includes
14 scales and a total of 125 items. ENRICH was developed to assess different
problem areas. Each scale contains 10 items, except three scales which contain
5 items: idealistic distortion, marital cohesion and marital change. We have used
only the Conflict Resolution scale. This scale assesses the partners perception of
the existence and resolution of conflict in the relationship. The items (e.g., Im
very happy about how we make decisions and resolve conflicts) focus on the
openness of partners to recognize and resolve issues and the strategies used to end
arguments. Participants filled out the items using a Likert-type scale with seven
points ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). In the current
study, Cronbachs alpha was 0.87.
Multidimensional Jealousy Scale (MJS; Pfeiffer & Wong, 1989) consists of
three eight-item subscales which measure cognitive, emotional, and behavioural
components of jealousy. These subscales have been found to represent dimensions
underlying overall jealousy and to be only moderately correlated. We have used
only the Behavioural Jealousy subscale which measures the frequency with which
an individual engages in jealous actions, such as looking through a partners purse
or calling a partner unexpectedly at work to check up on him or her (example of
item: I look through Xs drawers, handbag or pockets). Each item was rated on a
scale with seven levels ranging from 1 (never) to 7 (all the time). In the current
study, Cronbachs alpha was 0.83.
4. RESULTS
Cattells scree plot criterion suggested a four-factor solution for 28 items. The
rotated solution yielded four factors with eigenvalues of 12.48, 3.04, 2.47, and
2.20. Together, the factors accounted for 50.53% of the total item variance (see
Table no. 1). The items variance percentages that were covered by each factors
were: 31.21%, 7.617%, 6.18%, and 5.52%.
We removed items which have levels of communalities lower than 0.3. We
also removed items which were saturated in two or more factors, and items that
have not been in any factor. The resulted form of the scale contains 23 items (see
Table no. 1): Rhythmic Families 7 items (13, 18, 20, 21, 22, 25, and 28),
Regenerative Families 5 items (5, 8, 9, 12, 15), Traditionalist Families 6 items
(6, 7, 11, 14, 17, and 19), and Versatile Families 5 items (1, 2, 3, 4 and 10).
Table no. 1
Factor loadings following (rotated) exploratory factor analysis
FACTORS
Items
1. 2. 3. 4.
I.20 Unitatea familiei este extrem de important/Family unit is extremely
.73
important.
I.28 Ne simim apropiai unii de alii/We feel close to each other. .67
I.22 n momentele dificile ne solicitm i ne oferim ajutorul reciproc/In
.63
tough moments we ask and we offer help.
I.21 Mncm mpreun cel puin o dat pe zi/We eat together at least
.59
once a day.
I.25 Este important s ne sprijinim unul pe cellalt/It is important to
.58
support each other.
I.18 Petrecem n fiecare weekend timp n familie/We spend some time
.53
together every weekend.
I.13 Momentele pe care le petrecem mpreun sunt importante pentru
.47
noi/The moments that we spend together are important for us.
I.9 Nu am putea face fa mai multor probleme n acelai timp/We cannot
.63
face several problems at the same time.
I.5 Credem adeseori c suntem victimele mprejurrilor/We often belive
.57
that we are victims of circumstances.
I.15 Avem roluri foarte bine stabilite, pe care ni le asumm deplin/We
.53
have established roles, which are fully assumed.
I.12 Credem, adesea, c viaa este lipsit de sens/We often believe that life
.52
is senseless.
I.8 Exist un singur ef care ia deciziile/There is one boss who makes
.49
the decisions.
I.14 Participm la zilele aniversare ale membrilor familiei extinse/We
.75
celebrate the birthdays of extended family members.
I.11 Srbtorim unele zile speciale, precum ziua mamei (8 martie)/We
.74
celebrate some special days, such as Mothers day (8th of March).
I.7 La activitile realizate n familie pot participa i membrii familiei
extinse/To our family activities can also participate extended family .71
members.
I.6 Srbtorim momentele speciale precum luarea unui examen important
sau obinerea unui atestat profesional/We celebrate special moments as .63
passing an important exam or obtaining a professional certificate.
7 Construction and validation of Family Resilience Scale 291
Table no. 2
Correlations among FRS scores and other family-related constructs
Measures 1. 2. 3.
1. FRS (family resilience)
2. FHI (family hardiness) 0.64 **
3. ENRICH (communication) 0.42 ** 0.35 **
4. MJS (behavioral jealousy) 0.12 0.20 ** 0.14 **
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01
292 Elena Roxana Pnoi, Maria Nicoleta Turliuc 8
4.2. RELIABILITY
In order to estimate the internal consistency of the FRS, we used the alpha
coefficient. This coefficient is recommended for tools with multiple choice items.
For the total FRS, = 0.82. For the four subscales, the internal consistencies were:
Rhythmic Families 0.81, Regenerative Families 0.51, Traditionalist Families
0.84, and Versatile Families 0.81. Because the subscale of regenerative families
yielded a low level of internal reliability, we decided to remove the item 8 using
the item-total statistics (i.e., Cronbachs alpha if item deleted) provided by SPSS.
After removing item 8, the value of alpha increased to 0.65. Thus, the working
version of the FRS included 22 items.
5. DISCUSSION
This study describes the construction and initial validation of the Family
Resilience Scale (FRS). The construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor
analysis using the principal axis factoring and direct oblimin rotation. A final
solution with four factors that accounted for 50.53% of the total variance was
retained.
There are important strengths in design and methodological approach of our
correlational study. We have assessed different subcategories of construct validity
and reliability of the scale. The scale is easy to use by researchers, having a smaller
number of items, and good psychometric properties. Also, the scale measures
family resilience in an European contexts. In clinical practice, the scale will help
therapist in developing the intervention plans and strategies for therapy (Luthar
et al., 2000). From a practical standpoint, the scale may be useful in the assessment
and psychological counseling of couples confronted with adversities, and with low
levels of family resilience.
The study comprises also a number of limitations including the small sample,
the use of self-report measures and the lack of test-retest reliability. The working
version proposed in this study should be counter-validated with a larger sample of
families. Further studies will focus on refinement of the items in terms of
psychological content and psychometric properties. Further evidence of criterion-
related validity and test-retest reliability of the FRS is also needed.
6. CONCLUSIONS
psychometric study, a working version with 22 items was established. The items
loaded on four latent dimensions. The four conceptual dimensions reflect four
types of resilient families, i.e., rhythmic, regenerative, traditionalist, and versatile.
High scores on FRS are indicative of high family resilience. Our preliminary
psychometric findings suggest that the FRS can provide a valid and reliable
measure of family resilience.
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Nursing, 14, 1, 2008, p. 3355.
2. BONANNO, G. A., Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human
capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59, 1, 2004, p. 2028.
3. BRONTE-TINKEW, J., GUZMAN, L., JEKIELEK, S., MOORE, K. A., RYAN, S., REDD, Z.,
CARRANO, J., & MATTHEWS, G., Conceptualizing and measuring healthy marriage for
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4. LEE, E. O., KIM, H. S., PARK, Y. S., SONG, M. S., LEE, I. S., & PARK, Y. H., A study on the
development of the Korean Family Resilience Scale, Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 32,
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5. LUTHAR, S. S., CICCHETTI, D., & BECKER, B., The construct of resilience: A critical
evaluation and guidelines for future work, Child Development, 71, 3, 2000, p. 543562.
6. McCUBBIN, H. I., & McCUBBIN, M. A., Typologies of resilient families: Emerging roles of
social class and ethnicity, Family Relations, 37, 3, 1988, p. 247254.
7. McCUBBIN, H. I., THOMPSON, A. I., & McCUBBIN, M. A., Family assessment: Resiliency,
coping and adaptation (Inventories for research and practice), Madison WI: University of
Wisconsin Publishers, 1996.
8. McCUBBIN, M. A., & McCUBBIN, H. I., Theoretical orientations to family stress and coping,
n FIGLEY, C. R. (Editor), Treating stress in families, Philadelphia, Brunner/Mazel, Inc., 1989,
p. 343.
9. McCUBBIN, M. A., & McCUBBIN, H. I., Families coping with illness: The resiliency model of
family stress, adjustment, and adaptation, n DANIELSON, C. B., HAMEL-BISSELL, B., &
WINSTEAD-FRY, P. (Editors), Families, health, & illness: Perspectives on coping and intervention,
St. Louis, MO, Mosby, 1993, p. 2163.
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adjustment and adaptation in response to stress and crises, n H. I. MCCUBBIN, A. I. THOMPSON,
& M. A. MCCUBBIN (Editors), Family assessment: Resiliency, coping and adaptation:
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11. PFEFFER, S. M., & WONG, P. T., Multidimensional jealousy, Journal of Social and Personal
Relationships, 6, 2, 1989, p. 181196.
12. SIXBEY, M. T., Development of the family resilience assessment scale to identify family
resilience constructs, Doctoral dissertation, Graduate School of the University of Florida,
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294 Elena Roxana Pnoi, Maria Nicoleta Turliuc 10
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Inc., 2010.
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measurement scales, Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 9, 1, 2011, p. 1118.
REZUMAT
Abstract
Psychological research on neurodegenerative pathologies is usually oriented in the field of
memory disorders, cognitive functions, attention, verbal expression, behavior. There are few studies
or empirical research related to affective disorders in persons with neurodegenerative pathologies.
Emotional disorders in advanced stages of disease are studied strictly in terms of drug treatment. We
intend to research the particularities of noncognitive symptoms in comparison with cognitive ones, to
determine the correlation between them and to propose a therapy based on affective-behavior
stimulation. In our view, affective-behavior stimulation is very important to increase the quality of
life for patients and carers as well.
Cuvinte-cheie: patologie neurodegenerativ, tulburri afective, tulburri neurocognitive,
stimulare afectiv-comportamental.
Keywords: neurodegenerative pathology, affective disorders, neurocognitive disorders,
affective-behavior stimulation.
1. INTRODUCERE
Rev. Psih., vol. 62, nr. 4, p. 295308, Bucureti, octombrie decembrie 2016
296 Maria Moglan, Mihaela Roco, Voicu Boscaiu 2
temelie ale sistemului nervos care include creierul i mduva spinrii (WHO,
2006). Ei nu se pot reproduce sau nlocui, ceea ce face ca deteriorarea lor s
determine apariia bolilor neurodegenerative. Degenerarea progresiv a celulelor
nervoase cauzeaz n special probleme ale funcionrii mentale (demene).
Principalele forme de demene ntlnite n practic sunt: boala Alzheimer, demena
vascular, demena cu corpi Lewi i demena din boala Parkinson, demena fronto-
temporal. Cea mai des ntlnit form de demen este cea din boala Alzheimer
(62% din totalul cazurilor), urmat de demena vascular (16%), demena de tip
mixt (10%), demena cu corpi Lewi i demena din boala Parkinson (6%) i
demena frontotemporal (aproximativ 2%) (Knapp, Prince, 2007). n DSM-V
(2013), termenul de demen a fost nlocuit cu cel de tulburare neurocognitiv.
Demenele au fost definite ca un grup de boli al cror principal deficit este cel
cognitiv, fiind clasificate n tulburri neurocognitive de intensitate major, cores-
punztoare vechiului termen de demen, i de intensitate uoar, corespunztoare
vechiului termen de deficit cognitiv uor (APA, 2013).
Cercetrile privind patologia neurodegenerativ s-au centrat pe studiul
tulburrilor neurocognitive ale persoanelor cu demen. Recent ns s-a observat c
simptomele noncognitive ridic din ce n ce mai multe probleme, att persoanei
bolnave, ct i ngrijitorilor acesteia, afectnd mult procesul de tratament i ngrijire.
Dintre acestea, cele mai evidente sunt apatia, agitaia, anxietatea, iritabilitatea,
depresia, dezinhibiia, ideile delirante. Aceste simptome au fost grupate mpreun
sub termenul de simptome comportamentale i psihologice generate de boal
(BPSD) de ctre Asociaia Internaional Psihogeriatric (Finkel i colab., 1996).
n opinia noastr, aspectele emoionale sunt luate n considerare abia n
etapele avansate ale bolii, ceea ce face dificil tratarea lor i reprezint cauza
frecvent a instituionalizrii (Schultz i Williamson, 1991) i duce la prescrierea
neurolepticelor i altor medicamente sedative (Margallo-Lana i colab., 2001).
Studierea acestora nc din faza incipient a bolii ar reduce povara ngrijirii i
ar crete calitatea vieii persoanei cu demen i familiei acesteia.
Tabelul nr. 1
Frecvena simptomelor neuropsihiatrice/noncognitive (Cummings, 2004)
Simptome neuropsihiatrice / noncognitive Frecvena (%)
Apatie 5070
Agitaie 4065
Anxietate 3050
Iritabilitate 3045
Depresie 40
Dezinhibiie 3040
Idei delirante 2040
Agitaie nocturn / insomnie 2025
Halucinaii 515
3 Manifestri emoionale n patologia neurodegenerativ 297
2. OBIECTIVE I IPOTEZE
2.1. OBIECTIVE
2.2. IPOTEZE
3. METODE/TEHNICI DE LUCRU
Tabelul nr. 2
Descrierea demografic a eantionului n funcie de diagnostic
Criteriu Boala Demena Demena Demena Total p
Alzheimer fronto- mixt vascular
temporal
N 26 7 35 7 75
Gen (%): F 61,5% 42,9% 60,0% 71,4% 60,0% 0,755
Vrst: 75,58 0,118
76,68 68,610,8 76,07,5 75,74,8
mediaSD
MMSE: 0,949
17,35,9 18,37,2 16,85,7 16,97,4 17,26
mediaSD
3.2. INSTRUMENTE
3.3. PROCEDURA
4. REZULTATE
Figura 1a. Distribuia claselor MMSE Figura 1b. Reprezentarea Boxplot a scorului
n eantionul studiat N=75. MMSE n funcie de gen (p=0,004
pentru Testul Kruskal-Wallis)
300 Maria Moglan, Mihaela Roco, Voicu Boscaiu 6
Tabelul nr. 3
Rho, corelaia rangurilor Spearman i pragul bilateral de semnificaie corespunztor (Sig)
ntre frecvenele tulburrilor afective nregistrate n NPI
NPI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Idei 1 Rho .860 .726 .539 .440 .258 .280 .293 .407 .564 .475 .491
delirante Sig .000 .000 .000 .000 .026 .015 .011 .000 .000 .000 .000
Halucinaii 2 .860 Rho .592 .432 .334 .303 .191 .220 .304 .476 .454 .431
.000 Sig .000 .000 .003 .008 .100 .058 .008 .000 .000 .000
Agitaie 3 .726 .592 Rho .405 .566 .401 .133 .514 .594 .563 .218 .386
.000 .000 Sig .000 .000 .000 .256 .000 .000 .000 .060 .001
Depresie 4 .539 .432 .405 Rho .604 .067 .350 .360 .365 .445 .460 .461
.000 .000 .000 Sig .000 .568 .002 .002 .001 .000 .000 .000
Anxie-tate 5 .440 .334 .566 .604 Rho .289 .319 .506 .456 .428 .343 .346
.000 .003 .000 .000 Sig .012 .005 .000 .000 .000 .003 .002
Euforie 6 .258 .303 .401 .067 .289 Rho .003 .546 .345 .225 .053 .152
.026 .008 .000 .568 .012 Sig .977 .000 .002 .053 .650 .194
Apatie 7 .280 .191 .133 .350 .319 .003 Rho .037 -.023 .298 .581 .524
.015 .100 .256 .002 .005 .977 Sig .754 .842 .009 .000 .000
Dezinhibiie 8 .293 .220 .514 .360 .506 .546 .037 Rho .532 .463 .102 .236
.011 .058 .000 .002 .000 .000 .754 Sig .000 .000 .382 .041
Iritabilitate 9 .407 .304 .594 .365 .456 .345 -.023 .532 Rho .353 .153 .292
.000 .008 .000 .001 .000 .002 .842 .000 Sig .002 .190 .011
Comp. mot. ab. 10 .564 .476 .563 .445 .428 .225 .298 .463 .353 Rho .505 .457
.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .053 .009 .000 .002 Sig .000 .000
Tulburri 11 .475 .454 .218 .460 .343 .053 .581 .102 .153 .505 Rho .693
somn .000 .000 .060 .000 .003 .650 .000 .382 .190 .000 Sig .000
Tulburri 12 .491 .431 .386 .461 .346 .152 .524 .236 .292 .457 .693 Rho
apetit .000 .000 .001 .000 .002 .194 .000 .041 .011 .000 .000 Sig
Tabelul nr. 4
Matricea componentelor principalea
Rotated Component Matrix
Componenta NPI Componentea,b
F1 F2 F3
Idei_delirante .898 .260 .177
Halucinaii .890 .181 .104
Agitaie .615 .113 .589
Comportament_motor_aberant .582 .413 .290
Apatie .858
Tulburri_somn .404 .748
Depresie .370 .630 .196
Tulburri_apetit .477 .583
Dezinhibiie .207 .834
Euforie .100 .819
Iritabilitate .467 .601
Anxietate .303 .516 .583
a
Matricea transformrii lineare (F1, F2, F3)NPI. Coeficienii sunt
corelaiile Pearson dintre componentele principale i variabilele NPI.
b
Coeficienii mai mici n modul de 0,1 nu sunt vizualizai.
302 Maria Moglan, Mihaela Roco, Voicu Boscaiu 8
Tabelul nr. 5
Coeficienii de corelaie Rho ai lui Spearman ntre MMSE i celelalte scoruri analizate,
n funcie de gen
Corr(MMSE, ##) GDS CORNELL F1 F2 F3
F rho .387** .275 .284 .535** .112
(N=45) sig .009 .068 .059 .000 .463
M rho .515** .535** .035 .562** .017
(N=30) sig .004 .002 .853 .001 .931
**
pragul de semnificaie p verific relaia p<0,01.
Tabelul nr. 6
Media i mediana scorurilor CORNELL, GDS, F1 (comportament motor aberant),
F2 (comportament depresiv) i F3 (comportament psihotic/maniacal)
pentru stadializarea indus de MMSE
5. CONCLUZII
6. LIMITELE LUCRRII
BIBLIOGRAFIE
REZUMAT
VIOREL ROBU
Universitatea ,,Petre Andrei din Iai
NARCISA GIANINA CARANFIL
R&C Societate Civil Profesional de Psihologie, Iai
ALINA ARDELEANU
,,Pruteanu G. Lavinia-Maria. Cabinet Individual de Psihologie, Iai
Abstract
This article summarizes the results of a correlational study which aimed to estimate the
relationships between several domains of personality traits and work-related attitudes among
employees from three companies (N = 96). Participants completed four standardized instruments measuring
five domains of personality traits (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, openness to new experiences,
agreeableness, and conscientiousness), work engagement, work involvement, and job satisfaction.
Personality traits were measured using the Big Five Inventory (O. P. John, E. M. Donahue and
R. L. Kentle). Work engagement was operationalized with a shortened version of the Utrecht Work
Engagement Scale (W. B. Scaufeli, A. B. Bakker and M. Salanova). Work involvement was captured
using the Job Involvement Questionnaire (R. N. Kanungo). A ten-item scale for measuring overall job
satisfaction was designed. We found no significant differences between men and women in respect to
work-related attitudes. Extraversion and conscientiousness were positive predictors of work engagement,
while neuroticism was a negative predictor of work involvement. These factors of personality
accounted for between 5.1% and 5.8% of the variance in work engagement and work involvement
scores. In sum, our results suggest that personality dispositions play an important role in shaping the
attitudes that employees develop toward work they perform.
Cuvinte-cheie: trsturi de personalitate, model Big Five, angajai, implicare n munca
profesional, dedicare n munc, satisfacie fa de munc.
Keywords: personality traits, Big-Five model, employees, work engagement, work involvement,
job satisfaction.
1. INTRODUCERE
Rev. Psih., vol. 62, nr. 4, p. 309324, Bucureti, octombrie decembrie 2016
310 Viorel Robu, Narcisa Gianina Caranfil, Alina Ardeleanu 2
2. METODOLOGIE
2.1. SCOP
3. REZULTATE
Tabelul nr. 1
Indicatori statistici descriptivi pentru variabilele urmrite
Variabile m s Skewness Kurtosis zKolmogorov-Smirnov
Nevrotism 2.57 0.74 0.43 0.28 1.10
Extraversiune 3.59 0.70 0.59 0.05 1.03
Deschidere 3.70 0.56 0.21 0.10 0.62
Agreabilitate 4.01 0.54 1.15 1.52 1.84 **
Contiinciozitate 4.10 0.55 0.80 0.07 1.42 *
Satisfacie fa de munc 41.02 7.58 0.08 0.11 0.70
Implicare n munc 3.65 1.05 0.20 0.45 1.06
Dedicare n munc 27.28 7.34 0.39 0.05 0.75
Not: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.
Tabelul nr. 2
Date ale comparaiilor n funcie de genul angajailor chestionai
Brbai Femei
Variabile dependente t
m s m s
Satisfacie fa de munc 40.44 7.00 41.33 7.92 0.55
Implicare n munc 3.61 1.04 3.67 1.06 0.27
Dedicare n munc 28.61 7.12 26.53 7.41 1.33
Not: Nicio diferen nu a fost semnificativ din punct de vedere statistic.
318 Viorel Robu, Narcisa Gianina Caranfil, Alina Ardeleanu 10
Tabelul nr. 3
Corelaiile dintre scorurile pentru domeniile de trsturi de personalitate
n rndul angajailor chestionai i scorurile pentru atitudinile fa de munc
Tabelul nr. 4
Date ale analizelor de regresie multipl liniar
Variabile B ES R R2 FR
independente
Variabila dependent = implicare n munc
Nevrotism 0.11 0.15 0.07 0.41 0.168 6.20 **
Extraversiune 0.41 0.16 0.27 *
Agreabilitate 0.29 0.21 0.15
Variabila dependent = implicare n munc
Nevrotism 0.12 0.14 0.09 0.45 0.206 7.97 ***
Extraversiune 0.30 0.16 0.20
Contiinciozitate 0.51 0.20 0.27 *
Variabila dependent = dedicare n munc
Vrst 0.05 0.19 0.05 0.41 0.169 6.21 **
Vechime n munc 0.51 0.34 0.29
Nevrotism 2.23 0.93 0.22 *
Not: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.
4. DISCUII
5. IMPLICAII PRACTICE
BIBLIOGRAFIE
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324 Viorel Robu, Narcisa Gianina Caranfil, Alina Ardeleanu 16
REZUMAT
Acest articol sumarizeaz rezultatele unui studiu corelaional care a urmrit estimarea relaiilor
dintre domeniile de trsturi ale personalitii i atitudinile fa de munc n rndul angajailor din trei
societi comerciale (N = 96). Participanii au completat patru intrumente standardizate prin care au
fost msurate cinci domenii de trsturi ale personalitii (i anume, nevrotismul, extraversiunea,
deschiderea spre noi experiene, agreabilitatea i contiinciozitatea), implicarea n munc, dedicarea
n munc i satisfacia fa de munc. Trsturile de personalitate au fost msurate utilizndu-se
instrumentul Big Five Inventory (O. P. John, E. M. Donahue i R. L. Kentle). Implicarea n munc a
fost operaionalizat cu o versiune prescurtat pentru Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (W. B. Scaufeli,
A. B. Bakker i M. Salanova). Dedicarea n munc a fost msurat cu instrumentul Job Involvement
Questionnaire (R. N. Kanungo). Pentru msurarea satisfaciei generale fa de munc, a fost
proiectat o scal cu zece itemi. Pentru niciuna dintre atitudinile fa de munc, nu am constatat
diferene semnificative ntre femei i brbai. Extraversiunea i contiinciozitatea au fost predictori
pozitivi ai implicrii n munc, n timp ce nevrotismul a fost predictor negativ al dedicrii n munc.
Aceti factori ai personalitii au explicat ntre 5.1% i 5.8% din variana scorurilor pe care
participanii la studiu le-au obinut pentru implicarea i dedicarea n contextul muncii profesionale.
Coroborate, rezultatele studiului sugereaz c dispoziiile personalitii joac un rol important n
configurarea atitudinilor pe care angajaii le dezvolt n raport cu munca pe care o realizeaz.
O EVALUARE NAIONAL A RISCURILOR PSIHOSOCIALE
DIN ACTIVITATEA JANDARMILOR
TEFAN LI,
Institutul de Filosofie i Psihologie C. Rdulescu-Motru,
Biroul Psihologie al Jandarmeriei Romne
ANDREA SECU
Inspectoratul de Jandarmi Judeean Satu Mare
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to analyse the perception of the military personnel from the Romanian
Gendarmerie regarding their psychosocial work environment and health. The sample included
2680 subjects nested in 54 military units around the country (work experience between 1 and
36 years). The instrument used to collect data was the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire
(COPSOQ II) developed by the Danish researchers from the National Institute of Occupational
Health. We used only 34 scales which are grouped in 6 dimensions: demands at work, work
organization & job contents, collaboration & leadership, work-person interphase, values, workplace,
health & well-being. The results showed that: (1) military personnel presents a medium level of
psychosocial risks, the only exception being the demands for hiding emotions, (2) there are significant
differences between the results obtained in Denmark and Romania regarding the scales focused on
collaboration & leadership and health & well-being, (3) there are significant differences between
employees and managers, the latter seem to be exposed to higher level of risks, (4) the reliability
coefficients of 14 scales have inadequate indexes.
Cuvinte-cheie: personal militar, factorii psihosociali, evaluare, COPSOQ II.
1. INTRODUCERE
Academia Romn, Institutul de Filosofie i Psihologie Constantin Rdulescu-Motru,
Calea 13 Septembrie nr. 13, 050711 Bucureti, Romnia; e-mail: stefan.lita@gmail.com.
Rev. Psih., vol. 62, nr. 4, p. 325335, Bucureti, octombrie decembrie 2016
326 tefan Li, Andrea Secu 2
2. PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
Datele au fost prelucrate prin calcularea mediei fiecrei scale, iar scorul
obinut se poate situa ntre 0 i 100 de puncte.
3. REZULTATE
Tabelul nr. 1
Coeficienii de fidelitate ai scalelor din COPSOQ II
Calificativ Mrimea Varianta romneasc Varianta original
Excelent (.90 .99) 2 scale
Foarte bun (.80 .89) 9 scale 15 scale
Adecvat (.70 .79) 8 scale 13 scale
Discutabil (.60 .69) 7 scale 3 scale
Necorespunztor (.01 .59) 7 scale 2 scale
5 Evaluarea riscurilor psihosociale la jandarmi 329
Tabelul nr. 2
Comparaie Romnia-Danemarca la scalele COPSOQ II
Tabelul nr. 3
Comparaie ntre personalul cu funcii de execuie i cel cu funcii de conducere
Scale COPSOQ II Funcii de Funcii de Testul
execuie conducere pentru egalitatea
N=2028 N=576 mediilor
Cerinele profesionale Medie Ab.St. Medie Ab.St. Testul t p
Cerine cantitative QD 24.34 18.11 30.46 18.65 7.110 .001
Intensitatea ritmului de munc WP 49.23 21.51 60.61 20.56 11.312 .001
Cerine cognitive CD 69.47 18.00 78.92 14.29 13.177 .001
Cerine emoionale ED 49.20 15.63 57.35 14.09 11.267 .001
Cerina de a masca emoiile HE 63.88 20.45 67.45 19.72 3.721 .001
Organizarea i coninutul sarcinilor de munc Medie Ab.St. Medie Ab.St. Testul t p
Influena la locul de munc IN 42.51 23.39 53.47 21.60 10.547 .001
Posibilitate de dezvoltare personal PD 72.09 18.68 77.20 14.94 6.830 .001
Varietatea muncii VA 54.65 22.38 59.66 18.93 5.366 .001
Semnificaia muncii MW 77.83 17.00 81.05 14.58 4.507 .001
Angajament organizaional CW 69.66 19.47 69.40 17.87 .280 .780
Relaii interpersonale i calitatea conducerii Medie Ab.St. Medie Ab.St. Testul t p
Predictibilitatea muncii PR 74.17 20.28 75.09 18.62 1.024 .306
Apreciere la locul de munc RE 76.60 19.64 77.74 18.17 1.306 .192
Claritatea rolului CL 82.55 14.84 84.68 12.93 3.374 .001
Conflict de rol CO 35.53 22.57 34.21 20.35 1.348 .178
Calitatea leadershipului QL 77.03 24.17 74.83 24.49 1.923 .055
Suport social de la supervizori SS 80.98 22.26 79.30 22.80 1.590 .112
Suport social de la colegi SC 69.10 21.55 72.43 18.71 3.643 .001
Comunitate socio-profesional SW 80.19 19.02 83.02 16.09 3.566 .001
Interfaa muncfamilie Medie Ab.St. Medie Ab.St. Testul t p
Insecuritatea postului JI 24.62 20.54 18.92 17.72 6.564 .001
Satisfacie profesional JS 62.92 24.87 62.01 23.82 .783 .434
Conflict munc-via de familie WF 15.32 20.64 21.90 24.84 5.811 .001
Conflict via de familie-munc FW 3.48 13.42 2.57 10.35 1.735 .083
Valori organizaionale Medie Ab.St. Medie Ab.St. Testul t p
ncrederea n conducere TM 75.32 18.51 76.98 18.18 1.911 .056
ncredere mutual ntre angajai TE 77.10 19.13 78.65 16.79 1.899 .058
Includere social SI 50.00 19.89 49.45 18.63 .608 .543
Corectitudine i respect JU 65.12 22.84 66.52 22.03 1.336 .182
Sntate i stare de bine Medie Ab.St. Medie Ab.St. Testul t p
Stare de sntate autoperceput GH 60.34 28.77 55.18 28.33 3.634 .001
Epuizare BO 8.97 14.93 11.00 16.75 2.636 .009
Stres ST 7.75 14.56 10.37 15.65 3.603 .001
Probleme de somn SL 6.26 13.47 6.88 14.11 .973 .331
Simptome depresive DS 4.36 11.41 4.09 10.15 .521 .602
Simptome somatice cauzate de stres SO 3.91 11.18 3.88 9.96 .062 .951
Simptome cognitive cauzate de stres CS 3.48 11.64 3.25 10.67 .418 .676
Autoeficacitate SE 70.32 17.03 71.94 16.60 2.026 .043
4. CONCLUZII I RECOMANDRI
umane este parte integrant din obiectivele Strategiei Europa 2020. Prin urmare,
asigurarea sntii i a strii de bine la locul de munc a lucrtorilor pe toat
durata vieii profesionale constituie o condiie prealabil pentru ndeplinirea
obiectivului privind creterea gradului de ocupare a forei de munc pe tot teritoriul
UE. n concluzie, meninerea unei populaii sntoase i active mai mult timp are
un impact pozitiv asupra productivitii i competitivitii, iar sntatea i sigurana
la locul de munc joac un rol important n asigurarea unei creteri inteligente,
durabile i favorabile incluziunii (EU-OSHA, 2013).
BIBLIOGRAFIE
1. COX, T. & GRIFFITHS, A., Assessment of psychosocial hazards at work in SCHABRACQ, M. J.,
WINNUBST, J. AM. & COOPER, C. L. (Eds.), Handbook of work and health psychology,
Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
2. EU high-level conference Together for Mental Health and Well-being, European Pact for
Mental Health and Well-being, Brussels, 13 June 2008.
3. EU-OSHA-European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Priorities for occupational safety
and health research in Europe: 20132020, Publications Office of the European Union,
Luxembourg, 2013.
4. EU-OSHA-European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Factsheet 46: Mental health
promotion in the health care sector, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg,
2010.
5. EU-OSHA-European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Factsheet 74: Expert forecast on
emerging psychosocial risks related to occupational safety and health, Publications Office of the
European Union, Luxembourg, 2007.
6. EUROFOUND and EU-OSHA. Psychosocial risks in Europe: Prevalence and strategies for
prevention, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2014.
7. IORDACHE, R., PETREANU, V., The Romanian Version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial
Questionnaire Short Report, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014, 149, p. 424427.
8. HRTU, M., STOIA, M., BARDAC, D., Evaluarea mediului de lucru psihic n uniti
economice romneti, utiliznd chestionarul COPSOQ adaptat, Sntate Public i Management
Sanitar, Fundaia Romtens Bucureti, Universitatea Lucian Blaga din Sibiu AMT, II, 1, 2012.
9. JETTINGHOFF, K. & HOUTMAN, I., A sector perspective on working conditions, European
Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 2009, p. 130.
10. KRISTENSEN, T. S., HANNERZ, H., HGH, A., BORG, V., The Copenhagen Psychosocial
Questionnaire a tool for the assessment and improvement of the psychosocial work
environment, Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 2005, 31, 6, p. 438449.
11. LI, . Solicitri psihice n activitatea personalului din domeniul ordinii i siguranei publice,
Revista de psihologie, 2007, 53, 34.
12. LI, ., SECU, A., OI, M., VLDAN, M. Evaluarea integrrii socioprofesionale a
absolvenilor colilor militare un model de analiz, Simpozionului Naional de Psihologie al
Poliiei Romne, Bucureti, 89 Octombrie, 2015.
13. LI, S., SECU, A. Analiza riscurilor psihosociale la personalul militar, Conferina Naional
de Psihologie Industriala i Organizaional, Sibiu, 79 Mai, 2015.
14. LI, ., Factori care afecteaz percepia eficienei manageriale n unitile militare,
Simpozionul Naional de Psihologie al Poliiei Romne, Bucureti, 910 Octombrie, 2014a.
11 Evaluarea riscurilor psihosociale la jandarmi 335
REZUMAT
Scopul acestui articol este acela de a analiza percepia personalului militar din Jandarmeria
Romna cu privire la mediul psihosocial n care i desfoar activitatea. Studiul s-a efectuat pe un
lot de 2680 militari grupai n 54 de uniti (experina de munc ntre 1 i 36 de ani). Instrumentul
utilizat pentru colectarea datelor a fost Chestionarul Copenhaga privind Factorii Psihosociali
(COPSOQ II) care a fost construit de cercettorii din Danemarca de la Institutul Naional de Sntate
Ocupaional. Au fost utilizate doar 34 de scale grupate pe 6 axe principale referitoare la: cerinele
muncii, organizarea i coninutul muncii, relaii interpersonale i calitatea conducerii, interfaa
muncindivid, valori profesionale, sntatea i starea de bine. Studiul sugereaz faptul c:
(1) personalul militar prezint un nivel mediu al riscurilor psihosociale, cu excepia unei cerin
ridicate de mascare a emoiilor, (2) s-au constatat diferene majore ntre rezultatele din Danemarca i
cele din Romnia n privina axelor Relaii interpersonale & calitatea conducerii i Sntate & stare
de bine, (3) s-au constatat unele diferene semnificative ntre funciile de execuie i cele de
conducere, cei din urma fiind mai expui riscurilor psihosociale, (4) n cazul a 14 scale, coeficienii de
fidelitate sunt discutabili sau chiar necorespunztori.
ABORDRI TEORETICE I PRACTIC-APLICATIVE
ANA MUNTEAN,
Universitatea de Vest din Timioara
ANCUA MARIA GURZA
Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza din Iai
Abstract
This paper brings information concerning attachment theory. The presentation may be useful
for researchers, professionals and others interested in child welfare. The main objective of the
presentation is build-up within the current state of affaires within the child protection system. In
Romania, being a time of searches and laudable initiatives in child protection and family welfare, this
paper aims at the dissemination of ideas based on attachment theory, a theory which should constitute
a framework for these generous initiatives. The presentation outlines answers to the following
questions: What means to protect the child? What is the role of child attachment in child
development? Compared to what we need to protect the child? What for parents and society at large
should be directed towards facilitating secure attachment to the child? This paper brings answers to
these questions based on the new information brought by the neurobiology.
Cuvinte-cheie: ataament, tipuri de ataament, figur de ataament, model internalizat de
funcionare a lumii, neurofiziologie.
Keywords: attachment, attachment types, attachment figure, internal working model, neuro-
physiology.
1. INTRODUCERE
Universitatea de Vest din Timioara, Departamentul de Asisten Social, Bdul.Vasile Prvan
nr. 4, 300223, Timioara; e-mail: ana.muntean@e-uvt.ro.
Rev. Psih., vol. 62, nr. 4, p. 337352, Bucureti, octombrie decembrie 2016
338 Ana Muntean, Ancua Maria Gurza 2
reprezentare (imaginea de sine) care poate fi pozitiv (sunt o persoan care merit
s fie iubit), precum i reprezentarea/imaginea celorlali (ceilali sunt persoane de
ncredere!) (Lapsley, Varshney, Aalsma, 2000). De-a lungul ntregii viei, relaiile
cu ceilali, n special cu cei semnificativi din via (partener de via, copil, printe,
prieten, coleg, ef etc.), se vor desfura conform orizontului de ateptri construit
n interaciunea cu figura de ataament (Bowlby, 1978).
n funcie de disponibilitatea i promptitudinea figurii de ataament, de
cldura acesteia i sensibilitatea cu care nelege i rspunde la semnalele copilului
(Ainsworth, 1973), copilul va dezvolta o anumit strategie comportamental n
situaii de stres. Aceast strategie comportamental n raport cu figura de ataament,
desfurat n situaii de disconfort, de fric, sintetiznd modul n care recurge la
protecia figurii de ataament, reprezint tipul de ataament.
n cele mai fericite i cele mai frecvente cazuri (conform literaturii de
specialitate, aproximativ 55% dintre copii dezvolt un ataament securizant, Benoit,
2004), aceast strategie comportamental se structureaz n raporturile copilului cu
un printe/adult iubitor, sensibil, competent n protejarea copilului. Astfel, copilul
va avea ansa de a-i dezvolta n experienele sale ncrederea n figura de ataament
i ncrederea n sine nsui i n lumea din jurul su. Acest tip de ataament cu
finalitate de securizare a copilului este numit ataament securizant (tipul B).
Strategia comportamental specific acestui tip de ataament, deprins n copilrie,
va impregna ntreaga conduit a individului, de-a lungul ntregii viei, n confruntarea
cu situaii neobinuite i n raporturile sale cu ceilali, importani n viaa sa. n
aceast strategie, momentele dificile, momentele de fric i nesiguran sunt depite,
cutnd proximitatea i solicitnd ajutorul figurii de ataament. Experienele
anterioare nscrise n internal working model au confirmat disponibilitatea i
capacitatea de a ajuta a figurii de ataament, precum i certitudinea valorii personale,
care va fi nc o dat confirmat prin aciunea de sprijin a figurii de ataament.
Cnd ns copilul i confrunt frica i nevoia de protecie cu un adult mai
puin disponibil, un adult avnd propria lui agend prioritar fa de solicitrile
copilului, indisponibilitatea adultului, manifestat ntr-un registru variat, va genera
la copil o strategie comportamental bazat pe ideea c la greu trebuie s te
descurci singur, cci nimeni nu-i va veni n ajutor. Strategia comportamental pe
care o va aplica n situaii ce-l vor speria va fi una de evitare evaziv a figurii de
ataament, a celorlali, i de cutare de soluii bazate doar pe resursele proprii. Este
tipul de ataament insecurizat evitant (tipul A-avoidant). Nencrederea construit n
raport cu figura de ataament, privind capacitatea i disponibilitatea acesteia de a-i
veni n ajutor, se va extinde pe parcursul extinderii spaiilor de via ale persoanei
i se va aplica la fiecare confruntare cu situaii anxiogene. La nevoie, copilul nu va
fugi n braele sau proximitatea figurii de ataament, ci va face eforturi pentru a se
confrunta cu situaia generatoare de fric.
n raport cu un adult inconstant, oscilant n disponibilitatea sa comporta-
mental i manifestarea afectiv fa de copil, copilul va dezvolta o strategie
5 De ce are nevoie copilul de un ataament securizant? 341
i exercit rapid i eficient efectele asupra cortexului, putnd scoate din circuitul
funcional cortexul prefrontal implicat cu producerea gndirii abstracte generalizate. n
situaii mai puin intense, amigdala primete informaii de la cortexul prefrontal cu
privire la pericolul aprut. n aceste situaii, frica este inut sub control. Anomalii
ale amigdalei i cortexului prefrontal genereaz o stare de anxietate generalizat ale
crei criterii de diagnosticare, aa cum sunt descrise deja n DSM-III, nsumeaz o
serie de reacii corporale cum ar fi: senzaii de greutate i palpitaii ale inimii,
uscciunea gurii, dureri de stomac, respiraie accelerat, alert i vigilen, tresriri,
urinri frecvente, diaree, ncremenire, ateptri sumbre, imposibil de controlat,
nelinite, irascibilitate, tensiuni musculare, insomnii i comaruri, dificulti de a
nghii. DSM IVTR difereniaz anxietatea generalizat de alte manifestri avnd
ca pilon principal frica, cum ar fi: anxietatea social, fobii specifice (ex.: fobia de
insecte, fric de spaii deschise sau nchise), atacul de panic, tulburarea obsesiv-
compulsiv i stresul post-traumatic.
Creierul nostru alctuit din aproximativ 100 de miliarde de neuroni, iar
fiecare neuron cu peste 10000 de conexiuni nervoase, este o construcie fabuloas
alctuit pentru a simi, procesa, memora i percepe (Perry et al., 1995), cu
unicul scop de a ne asigura supravieuirea i dezvoltarea. Pentru a supravieui orice
stimul intern (venit de la sistemul endocrin sau organe interne etc.) sau extern
(vizual, auditiv, tactil, olfactiv, gustativ, kinestezic) este receptat i decodat n
semnificaia lui pentru organism, n acord cu ceea ce a fost deja memorat, cu
circuitele neuronale deja setate. Experienele negative, de la cele care creeaz
disconfort/stres i pn la cele care pun viaa n pericol, se acompaniaz emoional
de fric. Din perspectiva copilului mic, semnalele majore ale pericolului sunt
senzaiile fizice de disconfort sau durere i frica fa de ameninri externe
(Lieberman, 2008, p. 11). Frica faciliteaz rspunsul menit s asigure supra-
vieuirea, ieirea din situaia de pericol. Cnd exist o figur de ataament protectoare,
disponibil, accesibil, cutarea proximitii figurii de ataament va fi comportamentul
normal i eficient al copilului stresat. Cnd aceasta nu e disponibil sau accesibil
copilului, comportamentele de fug dezorientat, de lupt dezorganizat sau de
ncremenire i disociere vor fi reaciile generate de creierul panicat de pericol i
incapabil de a mai oferi o soluie gndit/raional. Experienele creeaz un tipar
neuronal n sistemul nostru nervos. Acest tipar e transpus n comportamentul nostru
de ndat ce situaii noi cu care ne confruntm au similitudini cu cele bine
ntiprite, chiar dac aceste similitudini sunt ntmpltoare i fr sens. Cu ct sunt
percepute ca fiind mai periculoase situaiile, cu att e mai puternic i activ tiparul
neuronal. De aceea va dura mult pn un copil care a trit experiene stresante de
durat sau chiar traumatice se va vindeca. Vindecarea ar nsemna o tergere a
vechiului tipar i structurarea unor circuite neuronale noi, nedefensive. n fapt,
experienele nu se pot uita cu adevrat i circuitele neuronale care au nregistrat
aceste experiene sunt gata s fie reactivate de ndat ce o nou situaie de stres
intens alerteaz persoana vulnerabilizat.
346 Ana Muntean, Ancua Maria Gurza 10
2
Lupta, fuga sau ncremenirea.
11 De ce are nevoie copilul de un ataament securizant? 347
5. DISCUII
unui ataament securizant, care las copilul liber de anxieti, curios i bucuros s
exploreze i s nvee. n cazul copiilor rezilieni, vom regsi mereu o persoan de
ncredere, o figur de ataament n viaa lor, chiar dac aceasta nu a fost un
membru al familiei copilului. Poate de aceea, unii consider c printre factorii de
rezilien gsim i a avea noroc (Wustmann, 2005).
4
Un exemplu nefericit ne-a fost furnizat recent de ctre televiziunile din Romnia, care au
prezentat cazul copilului cu comportament inadecvat n clas, respins de ctre colegii si
(realitatea.net, 20 octombrie 2016).
13 De ce are nevoie copilul de un ataament securizant? 349
6. LIMITE
7. CONCLUZII
ntlniri n via ne pot da ansa unor ajustri. Teoria ataamentului ne arat modul
n care trebuie s fie crescui copiii, n sperana unei lumi mai bune, mai fericite,
mai solidare i creative.
BIBLIOGRAFIE
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REZUMAT
Rev. Psih., vol. 62, nr. 4, p. 353, Bucureti, octombrie decembrie 2016
CRITIC I BIBLIOGRAFIE
Rev. Psih., vol. 62, nr. 4, p. 355357, Bucureti, octombrie decembrie 2016
356 Critic i bibliografie 2
Bogdan Danciu
REVISTA DE PSIHOLOGIE
Vol. 62 2016 Nr. 14
STUDII I CERCETRI
Rev. Psih., vol. 62, nr. 4, p. 359360, Bucureti, octombrie decembrie 2016
360 Index alfabetic 2
EVENIMENTE
CRITIC I BIBLIOGRAFIE
IN MEMORIAM
Rev. Psih., vol. 62, nr. 4, p. 361362, Bucureti, octombrie decembrie 2016
362 Alphabetic index 2
EVENTS
Conference Current dynamics of individual and social reality, University Spiru Haret,
Institute of Philosophy and Psychology Constantin Rdulescu-Motru ........... 4 353
IN MEMORIAM
TUDES ET RECHERCHES
BALGIU BEATRICE ADRIANA, Le profil vocationnel des tudiants de Polytechnique ... 2 122
CIUDIN MIRELA, Proprits psychomtriques de lchelle Fonctionnement Gnral
de McMaster Family Assessment Device ........................................................... 2 148
CRACSNER CONSTANTIN-EDMOND, GHERGHINESCU RUXANDRA, Quelques
consquences du surpeuplement des classes sur le dveloppement de lintel-
ligence motionnelle lcole primaire .............................................................. 1 33
DRAGOMIR CORNELIU, Le profil psychologique et statut social dun enfant a
faibles comptences sociales .............................................................................. 3 241
GRABOVSCHI CRISTINA, LOIGNON CHRISTINE, FORTIN MARTIN, Physicians
communicative behavior: A qualitative study among multimorbid socio-
economically disadvantaged patients ................................................................. 1 7
HERB SIMONA, TURLIUC MARIA NICOLETA, ROBU VIOREL, Lvaluation de
la connexion motionnelle dans les couples romantiques: tude prliminaire de
validation de la version roumaine du Accessibility-Responsiveness-Engagement
Questionnaire ..................................................................................................... 2 132
LI STEFAN, SECU ANDREA, Une valuation nationale des risques psycho-
sociaux dans lactivit des gendarmes ................................................................ 4 325
MIHAI COZMIN, ROBU VIOREL, CHIRI ROXANA, Caractristiques psycho-
sociales des dlinquants atteints de troubles de personnalit .............................. 2 161
MOGLAN MARIA, ROCO MIHAELA, BOSCAIU VOICU, Typologie des manifestations
motionnels dans la pathologie des maladies neurodgnratives ...................... 4 295
PNOI ELENA ROXANA, TURLIUC MARIA NICOLETA, Construction and
validation of Family Resilence Scale .................................................................. 4 285
ROBU VIOREL, CARANFIL NARCISA GIANINA, ARDELEANU ALINA, Traits
de personnalit et attitudes lies au travail chez les employs: Une tude
corrlationnelle ................................................................................................... 4 309
RUJOIU OCTAVIAN, RUJOIU VALENTINA, Animal companion loss and the
veterinarian-client relationship Exploratory study ........................................... 3 211
STNCULESCU ELENA, Perceived social support and loneliness in early adolescents
A path analysis ................................................................................................... 2 109
STNCULESCU ELENA, Structural equation modeling of the relation between self-
esteem, optimism, presence of a sense of meaning in life, and subjective well-being ... 3 227
STROESCU OVIDIU, La valeur prdictive de linventaire de personnalit Big Five
contextualis dans la slection du personnel ...................................................... 1 21
Rev. Psih., vol. 62, nr. 4, p. 363364, Bucureti, octombrie decembrie 2016
364 Index alphabtique 2
VNEMENTS
CRITIQUE ET BIBLIOGRAPHIE
IN MEMORIAM