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Afirmativ:
Subiect+Verbullainfinitiv
Exceptie:LapersaIIIsgverbulseterminamereuinssaues:
TheboywantsatoycarforChristmas.Baiatulvreaomasinade
jucariepentruCraciun.
Atentie:1.VerbelecareseterminainylapersaIIIsg,ysetransforma
inies:
IcryShecries.
IplayHeplays.
2.Verbelecareseterminaino,ss,x,sh,chprimescla
persaIIIsges
Mymotherusuallygoestothemarketinthemorning.Mamase
ducedeobiceiinpiatadimineata.
Negativ:
Subiect+donot/doesnot+verb
Shedoesnotsingintheschoolchorus.Eanucantaincorulscolii.
Interogativ:
donot/doesnot+Subiect+verb
Doesshewanttoparticipateinthecompetition?Vreaeasaparticiplein
competitie?
PresentContinuousTense:FormeTimpurileverbelorinengleza
Afirmativ:
Subiect+Prezentulverbuluiafi+ing:
Sheiscuttingthecakeinslices.(Eataieprajiturafelii.)
Negativ:
Subiect+Prezentulverbuluiafi+not+verb+ing:
Sheisnottalkingatthemoment,sheiseating.(Inacestmomenteanu
vorbeste,mananca.)
Interogativ:
Prezentulverbuluiafi+Subiect+verb+ing:
Isshesmiling?(Eazambeste?)
PresentPerfectTense:FormeTimpurileverbelorinengleza
Afirmativ:
Subiectul+AuxiliarulHAVElaprezent+pastparticiplealverbuluide
conjugat
Wearenotgoingonholidaysincethepriceshaverise.Noinumai
mergeminvacantdeoarecepreturileaucrescut.
Negativ:
Subiectul+have/hasnot+pastparticiplealverbuluideconjugat
Ihaventseenherthismorning,sheisprobablysleeping.Nuam
vazutodedimineata,probabildoarme.
Interogativ:
AuxiliarulHAVElaprezent+Subiectul+pastparticiplealverbuluide
conjugat
Haventyoueatentoomuchchocolatealready?Nuaimancatdeja
destulaciocolata?
PresentPerfectContinuousTense:FormeTimpurileverbelorin
engleza
Afirmativ:
Subiectul+prezentulperfectalverbuluitobe(have/hasbeen)+
participulprezentalverbuluideconjugat(baza+ing)
Theyhavebeenreadingalotofbooklately.Eiaucititomultime
decartiinultimavreme.
Negativ:
Subiectul+prezentulperfectalverbuluitobe(have/hasbeen)+NOT+
participulprezentalverbuluideconjugat
TheyhaventbeenwatchingTVthisafternoon.Einusauuitatla
tvinacestadupaamiaza.
Interogativ:
Prezentulperfectalverbuluitobe+Subiectul+participulprezental
verbuluideconjugat
Whathaveyoubeendoing?Ihavebeenworkingonanewproject.
Ceaimaifacut?Amlucratlaunnouproiect.
SimplePastTense:FormeTimpurileverbelorinengleza
Afirmativ:
S+verbullaformaaIIadepelistaverbeloriregulate
Wewenttothezooyesterday.Amfostlazooieri.
S+verb+edpentruceleregulate
Iphonedher.Iamdattelefon.
Negativ:
S+auxDOlatrecut(did)+not+verbullainfinitiv
Wedidnotfinishtheprojectinduetime.Noinuamterminat
proiectullatimp.
Interogativ:
Did+S+verbullainfinitiv?
Didyoueatallthechocolate?Aimancattoataciocolata?
PastPerfectTense:FormeTimpurileverbelorinengleza
Afirmativ:
S+PasttensealverbuluiToHAVE+participiutrecut
Atentie:Laverbeleregulateparticipiultrecut=verb+ediarlacele
neregulateesteformaa3adepelistaverbeloriregulate.
Atlastsheshowedmethedressshehadbought.Intrunsfarsit,
miaaratatrochiapecaresiocumparase.
Negativ:
S+PasttensealverbuluiToHAVE+Not+participiutrecut
TheyhadntgonetoMt.Omu,theyhadgonetoanotherpeak.Ei
nuaumerspevarfulOmu,aumerspealtvarf.
Interogativ:
PasttensealverbuluiToHAVE+S+participiutrecut
Hadnthelovedyou?Nuteiubea?
PastContinuousTense:FormeTimpurileverbelorinengleza
Afirmativ:
S+verbulToBElapasttense+verbuldeconjugat+ING
Iwasreadingthelessonwhentheteachercamein.Citeamlectia
candaintratprofesoara.
Negativ:
S+verbulToBElapasttenselaformanegativa+verbuldeconjugat+
ING
TheywerentlookingforSusan;theywerelookingforhersister.Ei
nuocautaupeSusan,eiocautaupesoraei.
Interogativ:
VerbulToBElapasttense+S+verbuldeconjugat+ING
Washedrivingtoofastwhenhehadtheaccident?Conduceael
prearepedecandaavutaccidentul?
PastPerfectContinuousTense:FormeTimpurileverbelorin
engleza
Afirmativ:
S+hadbeen+participiuprezentParticipiuprezent=verb+ing
Ihavebeenthinkingofwritingyouamailwhenyoucalledme.Eu
magandisemsaitiscriuunmailcandtumaisunat.
Negativ:
S+had+Not+been+presentparticiple
IhadntbeenwaitinglonginaqueuewhenIheardavoicecallingmy
name.Nustateamdemultlarand,candauauzitovocestrigandumi
numele.
Interogativ:
Had+S+been+presentparticiple
Theyhadntbeendoingtheirtaskssotheydidntgetabonus.Einu
siauindeplinitdintaskuridecinuauprimitunbonus.
SimpleFutureTense:FormeTimpurileverbelorinengleza
Afirmativ:
S+will+verbullainfinitiv
Youwillfeelbetterifyoutakethispill.Tuosatesimtimultmaibine
dacaieiacestapastila.
Negativ:
S+willnot(wont)+verbullainfinitiv
Iwonttellwheresheis.Nuitivoispuneundeesteea.
Interogativ:
Will+S+verbullainfinitiv
Willyoulovemein10years?Osamaiubestisipeste10ani?
FuturePerfectTense:FormeTimpurileverbelorinengleza
Afirmativ:
S+willhave+pastparticiplealverbuluideconjugatpast
participle=formaaIIIaverbului
Tomorrowat9theywillhaveleftforSibiu.Mainelaora9eivorfi
plecatspreSibiu.
Negativ:
S+willnothave+pastparticiplealverbuluideconjugat
WhenyouphoneJulieIwillnothavearrivedatthestation.Cando
sunipeJulieeunuvoifiajunsinstatie.
FutureContinuousTense:FormeTimpurileverbelorinengleza
Afirmativ:
S+Willbe+presentparticiple
TheHealthOrganisationwillbeopeninganewhospitalinthiscity.
Organizatiadesanatatevadeschideunnouspitalinacestoras.
Negativ:
S+willnot(wont)+presentparticiple
Thetrainwontbearrivinganytimesoon;therewasanaccidenton
theroad.Trenulnuvaajungepreacurand,aavutlocunaccidentpe
drum.
Interogativ:
Will+S+be+presentparticiple
WillyoubeshoutingatmeifItellyouthetruth?Veitipadacaiti
voispuneadevarul?
FuturePerfectContinuousTense:FormeTimpurileverbelorin
engleza
Afirmativ:
S+willhavebeen+presentparticiplealverbuluideconjugatpresent
participle=verbul+ing
WhileMichaelwillhavebeenwritinghisexercices,Mariawillhave
beenplayingtheviolin.CattimpMihaiisivafiscrisexercitiile,Maria
vaficantatlavioara.
Negativ:
S+willnothavebeen+presentparticiplealverbuluideconjugat
Youwillnothavebeenworkingherebythissummer.Tunuveifi
lucrataicipanainaceastavara.
FutureinthePastTense:FormeTimpurileverbelorinengleza
Afirmativ:
S+would+infinitivulverbuluideconjugat
ShetoldmeIwouldbeintroubleEamiaspuscavoiintrain
bucluc.
Negativ:
S+wouldnot+infinitivulverbuluideconjugat
Weneverthoughttheywouldnotwin.Noinuneamgandit
niciodatacaeinuvorcastiga.
Pentru verbul in engleza timpurile difera fundamental fata de cele ale limbii
romane.
De aceea nu trebuie cautate in permanenta echivalente exacte intre cele doua
limbi.
Asa cum ne asteptam exista 3 timpuri de desfasurare a unei actiuni:
prezent(present), trecut(past) si viitor(future).
Verbul la aceste timpuri il voi numi deocamdata simplu. Mai jos se observa ca la
randul lor aceste timpuri ale verbului in engleza (tenses) pot fi: propriu-zise sau
propriu-zis perfecte.
Dar si timpurile propriu-zise si propriu-zis perfecte pot fi propriu-zise sau continui.
Explicatii generale pentru timpurile verbului in engleza
Timp simplu - verbul reprezinta o actiune prezenta, trecuta sau viitoare
nelimitata in timp.
Timp continuu - verbul reprezinta o actiune in derulare la un moment dat
prezent, trecut sau viitor care in momentul acela se petrece simultan cu o alta
actiune.
Timp simplu perfect - verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa anterioara unui
moment dat prezent, trecut sau viitor
Timp continuu perfect - verbul reprezinta o actiune in curs pana la un
moment dat prezent, trecut sau viitor si continuind sau nu in acel moment
PresentTense
Iwork
Youwork
Heworks
Sheworks
Wework
Youwork
Theywork
PresentContinuous
Iamworking
Youareworking
Heisworking
Sheisworking
Weareworking
Youareworking
Theyareworking
PresentPerfect
Ihaveworked
Youhaveworked
Hehasworked
Shehasworked
Wehaveworked
Youhaveworked
Theyhaveworked
PresentPerfectContinuous
Ihavebeenworking
Youhavebeenworking
Hehasbeenworking
Shehasbeenworking
Wehavebeenworking
Youhavebeenworking
Theyhavebeenworking
PastTense
Iworked
Youworked
Heworked
Sheworked
Weworked
Youworked
Theyworked
PastContinuous
Iwasworking
Youwereworking
Hewasworking
Shewasworking
Wewereworking
Youwereworking
Theywereworking
PastPerfect
Ihadworked
Youhadworked
Hehadworked
Shehadworked
Wehadworked
Youhadworked
Theyhadworked
PastPerfectContinuous
Ihadbeenworking
Youhadbeenworking
Hehadbeenworking
Shehadbeenworking
Wehadbeenworking
Youhadbeenworking
Theyhadbeenworking
FutureTense
Iwillwork
Youwillwork
Hewillwork
Shewillwork
Wewillwork
Youwillwork
Theywillwork
FutureContinuous
Iwillbeworking
Youwillbeworking
Hewillbeworking
Shewillbeworking
Wewillbeworking
Youwillbeworking
Theywillbeworking
FuturePerfect
Iwillhaveworked
Youwillhaveworked
Hewillhaveworked
Shewillhaveworked
Wewillhaveworked
Youwillhaveworked
Theywillhaveworked
FuturePerfectContinuous
Iwillhavebeenworking
Youwillhavebeenworking
Hewillhavebeenworking
Shewillhavebeenworking
Wewillhavebeenworking
Youwillhavebeenworking
Theywillhavebeenworking
1. Situatii in care prezentul limbii romane este echivalent cu Present Tense din engleza
Sheneverworkssolate Eaniciodatanulucreazaatatdetarziu
Theearthspinsaroundthesun. Pamantulseinvartesteinjurulsoarelui.
Se poate folosi pe post de viitor
Thestoreclosesat9:00pm Magazinulseinchidela9:00pm.
Viitorul din limba romana se traduce cu Present Tense in limba engleza dupa: after, before,
when, as soon as, while etc daca exprima o actiune viitoare
SomedaywhenIambigandstrong. Candva,candvoifimaresiputernic
2. Situatii in care prezentul limbii romane NU este echivalent cu Present Tense din engleza
Iamworkinginthegarden Lucrezingradina
Folosind verbul in engleza la prezentul continuu indica faptul ca te referi la clipa asta.
I work in the garden - inseamna ca asta e ocupatia ta. De exemplu ca esti gradinar.
Sus
Verbul exprima o actiune in derulare in prezent care se petrece simultan cu o alta actiune. Este
legat de actiuni concrete.
1. Situatii in care timpul prezent din romana este echivalent cu Present Continuous din
engleza
Sus
1. Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana este echivalent cu
Present Perfect al limbii engleze
Sus
1. Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana este echivalent cu
Present Perfect Continuous din limba engleza
E un binecunoscut cantec englezesc. Am muncit la calea ferata toata ziua si o voi face probabil si
in viitor.
2. Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu
Present Perfect Continuous din engleza
Past Tense reprezinta actiunea care s-a desfasurat in trecut si s-a terminat.
1. Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana este echivalent cu Past
Tense din engleza
Verbul reprezinta o actiune trecuta ce nu a fost intrerupta, nu e
concomitenta cu alta actiune, nu se continua in prezent.
Iworkedtillmyhandshurt Ammuncitpanamadureaupalmele.
Exista situatii in care Past Tense din limba engleza nu se traduce prin Perfectul Compus (am
muncit) din limba romana. Ca exemplu vedeti primul caz de mai sus sau binecunoscutul cantec
pentru copii de mai jos.
Dupa cum vedeti verbul to chase cu Past Tense chased (e verb regulat la fel ca to work) se
traduce prin fugarea (Imperfect) sau fugari (considerat timpul folosit in povestiri in romaneste) iar
thought(Past Tense de la to think) se traduce tot prin Imperfect.
Atentie: Daca aveti indoieli ce timp trecut al verbului sa folositi in propozitii alegeti acest timp -
Past Tense. Va fi mai putin deranjanta greseala.
Sus
1. Situatii in care Imperfectul (munceam) din limba romana este echivalent cu Past
Continuous din limba engleza
Verbul exprima o actiune in trecut care a fost intrerupta de alta
actiune (ca si "munceam" pe romaneste)
Iwasworkingwhenthemeteoritefell/thephone Munceamcandmeteoritulacazut/asunat
rang/youshowedup. telefonul/aiaparuttu.
Atentie: In cantecul de mai sus was walking este Past Continuous dar was taken nu este Past
Continuous. I was taken inseamna am fost luat (este la Diateza Pasiva). Daca vrei sa exprimi
verbul la Past Continuous zici I was taking.
2. Situatii in care Imperfectul (munceam) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Past
Continuous din engleza
Verbul folosit nu are forma continua - atunci se foloseste deobicei
Past Tense.
Hewantedtocomewithus. Elvroiasavinacunoi.(waswantingegresit)
Sus
Verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa anterioara unui moment trecut sau anterioara unei actiuni
trecute.
1. Situatii in care mai mult ca perfectul (muncisem, lucrasem) din limba romana este
echivalent cu Past Perfect din engleza
Verbul este o actiune ce s-a terminat in trecut fata de
momentul/actiunea tot trecuta la care se raporteaza
Emily a spus (trecut) ca lucrase in gradina (si mai vechi) in dimineata aceea
Emilysaidshehadworkedinhergardenthatmorning.
1.8. I had been working - Past Perfect Continuous - Trecut Perfect Continuu
Verbul reprezinta o actiune in curs pana la un moment dat trecut cand a fost oprit de o alta
actiune a carui urmari continua si azi.
1. Situatii in care imperfectul (munceam, lucram) limbii romane este echivalent cu Past
Perfect Continuous din engleza
Verbul exprima o actiune trecuta, ce se afla inca in desfasurare, in
momentul cand s-a produs o alta actiune tot din trecut.
Theyhadbeenworkingonthenewhousebeforethe (Ei)lucraulacasaceanouainaintesafie
firedestroyedit distrusadefoc
Hehadbeenworkingslowlybeforehearingofthe (El)munceaincetinaintesaafledenoul
newdeadline. termenlimita.
Situatii in care mai mult ca perfectul (muncisem, lucrasem) limbii romane este echivalent
cu Past Perfect Continuous din engleza
Theyhadbeenworkingonthenewhouseformany (Ei)lucraseralunidezilelacasaceanoua
monthsbeforethefiredestroyedit inaintesafiedistrusadefoc
Situatii in care mai mult ca perfectul si/sau imperfectul din limba romana NU este
echivalent cu Past Perfect Continuous din engleza
Vezi cazurile timpului Present Perfect 1.6. I was working
Vezi cazurile timpului Past Continuous 1.7. I had worked
Sus
1. Situatii in care verbul la viitor (voi munci) din limba romana este echivalent cu Future
Tense din engleza
Daca verbul reprezinta o actiune in viitor si nu va fi intrerupta, nu e
concomitenta cu alta actiune folositi Future Tense.
IwillworkOK? Amsamuncesc,BINE?
Someday when I am big and strong Intr-o zi cand voi fi mare si puternic
I will walk that road and sing a song Voi merge pe acel drum si voi canta un cantec
I will sing of roads so green and wide Voi canta despre drumuri verzi si late
That turn and bend from side to side Care se indoaie si serpuiesc dintr-o parte in alta
I will sing of roads that turn and bend Voi canta despre drumuri serpuitoare
That go from town to rainbow's end Care merg din oras pana la capatul curcubeului
Atentie: vezi (1.1 I work) pentru primul vers din poezia de mai sus
Situatii in care verbul la viitor (voi munci) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Future
Tense din engleza
Cand verbul reprezinta o actiune in derulare la un moment dat in viitor - atunci se
foloseste Future Continuous 1.10. I will be working
IwillbeworkinginParisnextyear VoilucralaParislaanul
Iamgoingtowaitforhimatthestation Ilvoiasteptalagara.
Sus
Shewillbecomingroundthemountainwhenshecomes Candvine,(ea)vaveniinjurulmuntelui
Sus
I will have worked for 20 years next month. Luna viitoare eu o sa fi lucrat de 20 de ani.
Sus
1.12. I will have been working - Future Perfect Continuous - Viitor Perfect
Continuu
Acest timp nu prea se foloseste, pune mai mult accentul pe perioada lunga de timp decat 1.11
Future Continuous
Se traduce tot prin voi fi lucrat, si ca toate formele de timpuri continue implica o actiune in
derulare
By2015hewillhavebeenworkingfor40years In2015elvafilucratde40deani
Sus
Eu spal rufele saptamanal (Diateza Activa) devine Rufele sunt spalate saptamanal (de mine)
2.1 I wash the laundry weekly - The laundry is washed weekly (by me).
2.2 I am washing laundry now - The laundry is being washed now (by me).
2.3 I have washed the laundry - The laundry has been washed (by me).
2.4 I have been washing the laundry - The laundry has been washed (by me).
2.5 I washed the laundry yesterday - The laundry was washed yesterday (by me).
2.6 I was washing the laundry - The laundry was being washed (by me).
2.7 I had washed the laundry- The laundry had been washed (by me).
2.8 I had been washing the laundry - The laundry had been washed (by me).
2.9 I will wash the laundry- The laundry will be washed (by me).
2.10 I will be washing the laundry - The laundry will be washed (by me).
2.11 I will have washed the laundry - The laundry will have been washed (by me).
2.12 I will have been washing the laundry - The laundry will have been washed (by me).