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Invata Engleza Fara Profesor PDF
Invata Engleza Fara Profesor PDF
limba englez
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Cuprins
Prefa...................................................................................................................................... 4
PARTEA I................................................................................................................................ 6
MORFOLOGIA VERBUL - TIMPUL ................................................................................. 6
VERB - PRESENT TENSE SIMPLE ..................................................................................... 6
VERB - PAST TENSE SIMPLE ............................................................................................. 9
VERB - FUTURE TENSE SIMPLE ..................................................................................... 11
VERB PRESENT PERFECT ............................................................................................. 13
VERB PAST PERFECT SIMPLE ...................................................................................... 16
PARTEA I.............................................................................................................................. 18
MORFOLOGIA VERBUL - ASPECTUL ..........................................................................18
VERB - PRESENT TENSE CONTINUOUS ........................................................................ 18
VERB - PAST TENSE CONTINUOUS ................................................................................ 19
VERB- FUTURE CONTINUOUS ........................................................................................ 21
VERB PRESENT PERFECT COTINUOUS ..................................................................... 22
VERB PAST PERFECT COTINUOUS ............................................................................. 24
VERB - FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS .................................................................... 25
PERSOANA I NUMRUL ................................................................................................. 29
ARTICOLUL I ALI DETERMINANI ........................................................................... 45
COMPLEMENTELE CIRCUMSTANIALE DE LOC, TIMP, MOD ............................... 67
TEST FINAL ......................................................................................................................... 70
Cheia exerciiilor ....................................................................................................................76
TIMPURILE LIMBII ENGLEZE - fi exemplu ..................................................................91
Verbul TO WORK -model..................................................................................................... 93
Bibliografie:........................................................................................................................... 94
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Prefa
Gramatica de fa i propune s ofere mai mult dect un simplu set de reguli gramaticale
ale limbii engleze, iar prin metoda original de prezentare s ajute n crearea unui sentiment de
siguran n ceea ce privete corectitudinea gramatical n exprimare.
Numai n acest fel adulii pot scpa de un sentiment de inhibiie cu care au rmas, probabil
din coal.
Realitatea, situaiile reale de exprimare de la care se pornete confer originalitate. Se
continu cu exemple, modele i explicaii gramaticale menite s conduc la stpnirea unui
aspect gramatical al limbii engleze.
Atenie! Nimic nu se pierde!
Fiecare aspect gramatical este nsoit de cel puin un exerciiu astfel nct punerea n
practic s conduc la o finalitate pe termen lung a stpnirii acelui aspect gramatical. Cel care
studiaz are de asemenea cheia exerciiului la sfrit.
Multitudinea de exerciii comparative variate sunt menite s sprijine nelegerea
elementelor teoretice prin aplicaii practice.
Citind aceast lucrare, vei fi confruntat cu probleme de gramatic i de vocabular, vei
descoperi n ce msur putei formula idei, v putei exprima corect i coerent n limba englez i
vei afla care sunt aspectele care v creeaz dificulti. Modelul v va nsoi la tot pasul. La
sfritul crii avei un model de verb conjugat la timpurile modului indicativ. De asemenea avei
i o fi cu regulile de formare a timpurilor, la afirmativ, negativ i interogativ.
Autenticitatea exerciiilor propuse ofer o structurare a cunotinelor n seturi grupate pe
probleme gramaticale. Scurte prezentri teoretice i o serie de exemple nsoesc aceste seturi de
exerciii. Acestea vin s ilustreze tiparele structurale de baz ale limbii engleze.
Deoarece va trebui s folosii din cnd n cnd dicionarul, vei avea ocazia s v
mbogiti substanial cunotinele de vocabular.
Timpul pe care suntei dispus s l alocai este bine distribuit pe probleme gramaticale.
Nu v ia mai mult de 10 minute s parcurgei un aspect gramatical.
Intuiia dumneavostr va funciona foarte bine n stpnirea corect a gramaticii.
Contiinciozitatea v va fi rspltit printr-un rezultat excelent la testul final propus la
sfritul crii care ofer 150 ntrebri asupra cunotinelor de gramatic i de vocabular.
Rezolvarea testului v va da cu siguran o imagine satisfctoare asupra stadiului la care ai
ajuns n nsuirea limbii engleze.
Atingerea obiectivului dumneavoastr este scopul principal al acestei cri care v pune la
dispoziie ntr-o form concis i accesibil, informaiile necesare pentru a putea folosi limba
englez corect din punct de vedere gramatical i pentru a asigura acurateea i nuanarea att de
necesare n comunicare prin intermediul oricrei limbi.
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INTRODUCERE
M numesc Gramatica limbii engleze i scopul meu principal este s v informez asupra
regulilor referitoare la forma cuvintelor. Am dou fiice: Morfologia i Sintaxa. O s facei
cunotin mai ales cu prima dintre ele.
Ea este deosebit de important deoarece primul lucru care se nva n gramatica unei limbi
strine este cum se formeaz categoriile gramaticale de baz: timpurile verbului, pluralul
substantivelor, comparaia adjectivelor, pronumele, numeralul, etc.
Morfologia cuprinde regulile privitoare la forma cuvintelor i la modificrile formale ale
cuvintelor studiate pe pri de vorbire; sintaxa cuprinde regulile privitoare la mbinarea
cuvintelor n propoziii i fraze.
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PARTEA I
I live with my husband and my children at the countryside. I am a doctor. I usually go to work in
the morning. I have many friends in the village. My friend, Louise, she is a teacher. She goes to
school in the afternoon, every day of the week: on Monday, on Tuesday, on Wednesday, on
Thursday and on Friday. She does not go to school in the week end. She teaches English. My
father, my mother, my brother and my sister live here, too. They are farmers. I like/enjoy living
in nature.
Haidei s observm cteva din cuvintele din text, apoi vom analiza verbele.
Lets have a look at some words from the text, then we will see the verbs.
a. Pronumele: (Pronouns)
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c. Momente ale zilei (Moments of the day)
- In the morning dimineaa
- In the afternoon dup-amiaza
- In the evening seara
I live, I am , I go, I have, she is, She goes, She does not go, She teaches, They live, They are, I
like
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O aciune regulat, obinuit, n perioada prezent.
What do you do? (Cu ce te ocupi?) I am a student. Sunt elev.
What time do you usually have breakfast? - La ce or iei de obicei micul dejun?
Aciuni viitoare planificate n prezent ca urmare a unui program oficial.
The plane takes off at 7:35.- Avionul decoleaz/va decola la ora 7:35.
Examples:
Exerciii Practice
Affirmative
get up early/late
I get up early, but my friend gets up late
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Interrogative
get up early/late
Do you get up early? Does he get up late?
Negative
get up early/late
I dont get up early. My friend doesnt get up
late
Last year I lived with my husband and my children at the countryside. I was a doctor. I used to
go to work in the morning. I had many friends in the village. My friend, Louise, she was a good
teacher in the village. She went to school in the afternoon every week day. She did not go to
school in the week end. She taught English. My father, my mother, my brother and my sister
lived here, too. They were farmers. I liked /enjoyed living in nature.
I lived - am locuit
I was eram/am fost
I used to go obinuiam s m duc/m duceam
I had am avut
She was a fost
She went se ducea/mergea
She did not go ea nu mergea
She taught - a predat
They lived - au locuit
They were - au fost/erau
I liked mi-a plcut
Verbele la Past Tense Simple arat o aciune trecut, terminat, efectuat ntr-o perioad de
timp trecut, terminat. Este timpul naraiunii.
Se traduce, de obicei, cu perfectul compus din limba romn.
Ex. Yesterday I went for a walk. - Ieri am mers la plimbare.
Last year I traveled to England. Anul trecut am cltorit n Anglia.
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To work (a lucra, a munci) la Past Tense Simple
Afirmativ
I/you/he/she/it/we/they worked
Negativ
I/you/he/she/it/we/they did not work
Interogativ
Did I/you/he/she/it/we/they work?
Verbe regulate:
I, you, he, she, it, + verb +-ed
we, you, they
{d}
{id}
Verbe neregulate:
a) b)
{e} {e} {} {}
meet met met (a ntlni) have had had (a avea)
leave left left (a pleca) sit sat sat (a sta jos)
say said said (a spune)
read read read (a citi)
send sent sent (a trimite)
spend spent spent (a petrece)
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c)
{}
write wrote written (a scrie) f)
speak spoke spoken (a vorbi)
break broke broken (a sparge) do did done (a face)
go went gone (a merge)
d) eat ate eaten (a mnca)
forget forgot forgotten(a uita)
{} {}
run ran run (a alerga) g)
begin began begun (a ncepe)
drink drank drunk (a bea) get got got (a obine, a primi)
sing sang sung (a cnta) get up got up got up (a se trezi)
swim swam swum (a nota) find found found (a gsi)
e) h)
{i:n} {ei}
be was/were been (a fi) make made made (a face)
see saw seen (a vedea) lay laid laid (a pune)
come came come (a veni)
give gave given (a da)
Examples:
Last year I bought a car and went to Boston. I spent my holiday there.
Examples:
I saw a movie yesterday. Am vzut un film ieri.
I didn't see the play last year. Nu am vzut piesa anul trecut.
I traveled to Japan two years ago. Am cltorit n Japonia acum doi ani.
He went on holiday in August. A mers n vacan n august.
Exerciii Practice
LUCREAZ SINGUR I VERIFIC LA SFRITUL CRII!
Example:
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3. Then he (wash) and (eat/have) breakfast with his parents.
4. After that he (go fishing) with his friends Irina and Larry.
5. He (swim) in the Danube in the evening.
6. The weather (be) fine all the time.
7. Daniel (make) a lot of friends there.
8. He (come back) home in September to go to school.
Examples:
Negative form:
Interrogative form:
Next year I will live with my husband and my children at the countryside. I will be a doctor. I
will go to work in the morning. I will have many friends in the village. My friend, Louise, she
will be a teacher in the village. She will go to school in the afternoon every week day. She will
not go to school in the week end. She will teach English. My father, my mother, my brother and
my sister will live there, too. They will be farmers. I will enjoy living in nature.
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Future Tense Simple (Viitorul simplu) exprim un eveniment, o aciune care are loc ntr-un
moment viitor, apropiat de momentul vorbirii.
Example:
I will visit him tomorrow. - O s-l vizitez mine. (l voi vizita mine.)
We shall overcome. - Vom nvinge.
n engleza modern forma shall este foarte puin utilizat.
Cea mai des folosit n Engleza vorbit i scris este forma prescurtat 'll.
I'll go to the seaside next week. - Sptmna viitoare voi pleca la mare.
You'll spend the holiday in the mountains. - Voi vei petrece vacana la munte.
Forma negativ se formeaz cu will not sau forma won't n faa verbului principal la prezent.
I will not (won't) drink wine. - Nu voi bea vin.
She will not (won't) play football. - Ea nu va juca fotbal.
Forma interogativ se formeaz prin inversiunea dintre auxiliarul will i subiect.
Will you work here? - Vei lucra aici?
Will she sing beautifully? - Va cnta ea frumos?
To work ( a lucra, a munci) la Future Tense Simple:
Afirmativ
I/you/he/she/it/we/they will work
Negativ
I/you/he/she/it/we/they will not work
Interogativ
Will I/you/he/she/it/we/they work?
Adverbele cele mai utilizate pentru a exprima o aciune viitoare cu Future Tense Simple sunt:
tomorrow, next (month, year)
I'll finish this report tomorrow. - Voi termina acest raport mine.
Will he come next week? - Va veni el sptmna viitoare?
Exerciii Practice
Situation 1: Grandpa does not hear very well what Daniel is saying. Complete his questions and
Daniels answers.
Example:
Daniel: Grandpa:
1. Ill work in the lab tomorrow. Where.........?
2. Ill do an interesting experiment tomorrow. What.........?
3. Ill obtain hydrogen in the Chemistry lesson. What .........?
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4. Ill learn interesting things next week. When .........?
5. Ill study hydrogen next week. What .........?
6. Ill ask the teacher a lot of questions. Who .........?
Situation 2. Daniel contradicts everything Irina says about her friend Larry.
Example:
I have lived with my husband and my children at the countryside for a long time. I have been a
doctor. I have gone to work in the morning. I have had many friends in the village. My friend,
Louise, she has been a teacher in the village. She has gone to school in the afternoon every
week day. She has not gone/hasnt gone to school in the week end. She has taught English. My
father, my mother, my brother and my sister have lived there, too. They have been farmers. I
have enjoyed living in nature.
Negativ
I/you/we/they have not worked (havent worked)
he/she/it has not worked (hasnt worked)
Interogativ
Have I/you/we/they worked?
Has he/she/it worked?
Exerciii Practice
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LUCREAZ SINGUR I VERIFIC LA SFRITUL CRII!
I. Pune verbele din parantez la Prezentul Perfect Simplu, ca n exemplul de mai jos:
Exemplu:
Tom .......... (write) .......... his homework.
Tom has just written his homework.
II. Completeaz urmtoarele propoziii ca n exemplul de mai jos, folosind timpul Prezent
Perfect Simplu:
Exemplu:
This is the most beautiful girl I .......... (see)
This is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
I had lived with my husband and my children at the countryside for a long time before I moved
in Piteti. I had been a doctor. I had gone to work in the morning. I had had many friends in the
village. My friend, Louise, she had been a teacher in the village. She had gone to school in the
afternoon every week day. She had not gone/hadnt gone to school in the week end. She had
taught English. My father, my mother, my brother and my sister had lived there, too. They had
been farmers. I had enjoyed living in nature. Now everything is over. I have moved in town.
Verbele accentuate sunt la timpul Past Perfect, corespondentul timpului mai mult ca perfect din
limba romn:
Past Perfect - exprim o aciune anterioar altei aciuni din trecut sau anterioar unui moment
din trecut
The little boy said that he had seen a fairy in the garden. Bieelul a spus c vzuse o zn n grdin.
The little spoke as if he had seen a fairy. Bieelul vorbea de parc vzuse o zn.
Afirmativ
I/you he/she/it /we/you/they had worked
Negativ
I/you he/she/it /we/you/they hadnt worked
Interogativ
Had I/you/ he/she/it /we/you/they worked?
You had studied English before you moved to New York. Studiasei engleza nainte s te mui n NY.
I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Crete. Nu vzusem niciodat o plaj
aa de frumoas pn nu am mers n Creta.
Had Susan ever studied Chinese before she moved to China? Studiase Susan vreodat chineza
pn s se mute n China?
Exerciii Practice
Situation:
Daniel and Irina spent their last summer holiday at the seaside. Irina went there for the first time,
Daniel had been there before. Ask and answer questions about them:
Example:
be to the beach
Had Daniel been to the beach before?
Yes, he had.
Had Irina been to the beach before?
No, she hadnt.
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1. see the Black Sea 5. walk down the beach
2. swim in the sea 6. stay at a hotel
3. sunbathe on the beach 7. make the tour of Constana
4. go fishing in the sea 8. visit Eforie Nord
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PARTEA I
In this moment I am living with my husband and my children at the countryside. My friend,
Louise, she is at school now. She is teaching English. My father, my mother, my brother and my
sister are in the field now. They are woking in this moment.
I am living eu locuiesc
She is teaching - ea pred
They are woking ei lucreaz
Present Tense Continuous exprim o aciune desfurat ce are loc n momentul vorbirii.
Example: I am writing now.
I am studying English now- in this moment
Afirmativ
I am working
You/we/you/they are working
he/she/it is working
Negativ
I am not working
You/we/you/they are not working
he/she/it is not working
Interogativ
Am I working?
Are you/we/you/they working?
Is he/she/it working?
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Adverbele cele mai des utilizate cu prezentul continuu:
now, in this moment, always,
She is sending emails right now to all her friends. Ea trimite emailuri acum tuturor prietenilor
si.
We are not working in this moment, we are on strike. Nu lucrm n acest moment. Suntem n
grev.
She's always coming in when we talk something important. ntotdeauna trebuie s intre n
camer fix cnd vorbim noi lucruri importante.
Exerciii Practice
Situation: Today is Monday. All the employees are at work, in various rooms of the building. It is
nine oclock in the morning. Say what they are doing at the moment.
Example:
I was living with my husband and my children at the countryside while my father, my mother,
my brother and my sister were living in town. I was going to work in the morning. I was having
many friends in the village. My friend, Louise was going to school in the afternoon every week
day but my sister was going in the afternoon. They were not going to school in the week end.
Louise was teaching English while my sister was teaching History.
Verbele accentuate sunt la timpul Past Tense Continuous (echivalentul imperfectului din limba
romn):
Past Tense Continuous se folosete pentru a exprima o aciune care se desfura ntr-un
moment bine definit n trecut.
While she was watching TV yesterday, her friend came to see her.
Afirmativ
I was working
You/we/you/they were working
he/she/it was working
Negativ
I was not working
You/we/you/they were not working
he/she/it was not working
Interogativ
was I working?
were you/we/you/they working?
was he/she/it working?
Examples:
At seven oclock yesterday morning, I was in the bathroom. I was washing my face. La ora
apte ieri diminea, eram n baie, mi splam faa.
This time last week you were reading the magazine. Pe vremea asta sptmna trecut tu citeai
revista.
Exerciii Practice
Situation: Yesterday afternoon all the employees were at work. Say what they were doing when
Mr Smith, the boss, came in.
Example:
I will be living with my husband and my children at the countryside at this time next year when
my father, my mother, my brother and my sister will be living in town. I will be working in the
morning, my friend, Louise will be going to school in the afternoon every week day but my
sister will be going in the evening. They will not be going to school in the week end. Louise will
be teaching English while my sister will be teaching History.
Afirmativ
I /we shall/will be working
You he/she/it /they will be working
Negativ
I /we shall/will not be working
You he/she/it /they will not be working
Interogativ
Shall/will I /we be working?
Will you he/she/it /they be working?
Future Tense Continuous exprim o aciune n desfurare ntr-un moment viitor, posterior
momentului vorbirii.
Exemplu: When he comes, I will be eating. Cnd va veni, eu voi fi n mijlocul mesei.
Exemplu: She will be walking while I am sleeping.- Ea se va plimba n timp ce eu voi dormi.
Examples: You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. Tu o vei atepta cnd
sosete avionul disear.
I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight. Cnd ea va sosi disear, eu voi fi la televizor.
Exerciii Practice
Example: Mark ______________ on the computer when his mother arrives home. (to play)
Answer: Mark will be playing on the computer when his mother arrives home.
I have been living with my husband and my children at the countryside for 5 years. I have been
going to work in the morning but my friend, Louise, has been going to school in the afternoon
every week day. She has been teaching English for 5 years at the same village school and she is
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still enjoying this. My father, my mother, my brother and my sister have been living there, too.
They are farmers. We like living in nature.
Present Perfect Continuous - exprim o aciune care s-a desfurat pn acum i va continua
probabil i n viitor.
I have been working in the garden all day long. Am muncit n grdin toat ziua.
They have been playing tennis for half an hour Joac tenis de jumtate de or.
- exprim o aciune repetat frecvent, ntr-o perioad de timp care se ntinde din trecut pn n
prezent
He has been writing poems since he was a child.- Scrie poezii de cnd era copil.
- exprim o aciune trecut, ncheiat recent, care este cauza unui efect simit n prezent
A: Why are your hands dirty?
B: Ive been repairing my bike.
Negativ
I/you/we/they have not been working (havent been working)
he/she/it has not been working (hasnt been working)
Interogativ
Have I/you/we/they been working?
Has he/she/it been working?
for
Exemplu: They have been watching TV for 3 hours. Se uit la televizor de 3 ore.
so far
Exemplu: So far, there have been arriving 10 passengers from London. Pn acum au sosit 10
pasageri din Londra.
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ever
Exemplu: Have you ever been listening to the radio? Ai ascultat vreodat la radio?
never
Exemplu: I have never been travelling to France until now.- Nu am cltorit n Frana pn
acum.
Exerciii Practice
Completeaz spaiile goale cu "FOR"( de) i "SINCE"(din, de la). Pune verbele din parantez la
Prezentul Perfect Continuu:
Exemplu:
Helen (study) English .......... last summer.
Helen has been studying English since last summer.
I had been living with my husband and my children at the countryside before I came in town. I
had been going to work in the morning. My friend, Louise, she had been going to school in the
afternoon every week day before leaving the countryside, too. She had been teaching English.
My father, my mother, my brother and my sister had been living there, too. Now everything is
over. I have moved in town.
Past Perfect Continuous - exprim o aciune n curs pn la un moment dat trecut cnd a fost
oprit de o alt aciune a crei urmri continu i azi.
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They had been working on the new house before the fire destroyed it.
(Ei) lucrau la casa cea nou nainte s fie distrus de foc.
Afirmativ
I/you he/she/it /we/you/they had been working
Negativ
I/you he/she/it /we/you/they hadnt been working
Interogativ
Had I/you/ he/she/it /we/you/they been working
You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
Ai ateptat-o cel mult dou ore cnd n final a sosit.
Exerciii Practice
Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect continuous).
When my friends will come to live at the countryside I will have been living with my husband
and my children there for 5 years. I will have already been working for a couple of years as a
doctor, Louise will have been teaching English in the afternoon for 5 years, too. Until next year,
we will have been staying there for 6 years.
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Verbele accentuate sunt la timpul Future Perfect Continuous:
Afirmativ
I / you he/she/it /we /they will have been working
Negativ
I / you he/she/it /we /they will not have been working
Interogativ
Will I / you/ he/she/it /we /they have been working?
Future Perfect Continuous - acest timp se folosete rar n vorbire, fiind o form caracteristic
limbii scrise i pune mai mult accentul pe perioada lung de timp dect Future Continuous
Se traduce tot prin "voi fi lucrat", i ca toate formele de timpuri continue implic o aciune n
derulare.
Exemplu: By 2010 he will have been working for 40 years.- n 2010 el va fi lucrat de 40 de ani
Example: By six oclock p.m., she will have been selling blouses for eight hours.- Pn la ora 18
ea va fi vndut bluze timp de opt ore.
Exerciii Practice
Punei verbele din parantez la Future Perfect Continuous sau la Future Perfect
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PARTEA I
I DIATEZA ACTIV
II DIATEZA PASIV
I Verbul este la diateza activ cnd subiectul gramatical svrete aciunea, care se rsfrnge
asupra subiectului (n cazul verbelor tranzitive).
II Verbul este la diateza pasiv cnd subiectul gramatical sufer aciunea svrit de obiect.
Exemplu: This letter has been written by Lucy. Aceast scrisoare a fost scris de Lucia.
Aspectul simplu:
Aspectul continuu:
Exerciii Practice
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Exemplu:
PERSOANA I NUMRUL
Spre deosebire de verbul romnesc, verbul englez are puini indici formali care s marcheze
persoana i numrul. Singura desinen specific este s/es pentru persoana a III-a singular,
indicativ prezent.
I play, you play, he plays, she plays, we play, you play, they play.
I wash, you wash, he washes, she washes, we wash, you wash, they wash.
Exerciii Practice
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MODUL THE MOOD
I. Modul indicativ prezint aciunea, starea, etc. exprimat de verb ca real , ndeplinit
chiar.
Exemplu:
- He returned the book to the library after he had read it.- A napoiat cartea la bibliotec
dup ce a citit-o.
- I can return the book now. I have read it. Pot s napoiez cartea la bibliotec acum. Am
citit-o.
- He will return the book to the library next Monday. He will have read it by then.- Va
napoia cartea la bibliotec lunea viitoare. O va fi citit pn atunci.
Modul subjonctiv prezint aciunea ca posibil cnd aciunea este proiectat n viitor , sau
ireal, cnd aciunea trebuia s aib loc n trecut.
SUBJONCTIVUL PREZENT
SUBJONCTIVUL TRECUT
SUBJONCTIVUL ANALITIC
Exerciii Practice
to + verb = infinitive
Infinitivul are doua forme: infinitivul lung (The Long Infinitive), marcat de particula to i
infinitivul scurt (The Short Infinitive) fr particula to. Acesta se folosete de obicei dup verbe
de percepie : hear, see, watch, notice, observe, perceive, sau dup have, let, make.
Exemplu: To err is human. A grei este omenesc.
I made her work harder. Am fcut-o s munceasc mai mult.
Gerunziul, adesea cunoscut sub denumirea de form n ing reprezint un substantiv format
dintr- un verb la care se adaug terminaia ing.
Exemplu: I adore reading your books.
I detest going to supermarkets.
I quit smoking.
I cant remember doing/having done this exercise before.
- are categoriile gramaticale de timp i diatez:
- Diateza activ:
Gerund: I enjoy learning English.- mi place s nv engleza.
Perfect Gerund He denies having taken the books. Neag c a luat crile.
-Diateza pasiv:
Gerund: He cant stand being interrupted.- Nu suport s fie ntrerupt.
Perfect Gerund He denies having been invited. Neag c a fost invitat.
- caracteristici substantivale:
Exemplu: The sound of a loud knocking at the door interrupted us.
her coming in interrupted us.
a babys crying interrupted us.
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Exerciii Practice
34
VERBELE AUXILIARE - AUXILIARY VERBS
Au urmtoarele caracteristici:
sunt golite de sens lexical: I shall leave after he comes.- Voi pleca dup ce vine el.
nlociuesc verbele noionale n rspunsuri scurte i ntrebri disjunctive:
Do you like this book? Yes, I do.
He has written a good composition, hasnt he?
apar adesea sub forme reduse:
Ive got a book.- I have got a book.
I havent got a book. I have not got a book.
Hes come.- He has come
Hes here.- He is here.
Verbele auxiliare:
1. be/was/were/been
2. have/had/had
3. shall/should
4. will/would
5. may/might
6. let
7. do/does
Exemple:
1. Infinitive: be reading
Present: He is reading
Past: He was reading
Future: He will be reading
Conditional: He would be reading
Infinitive Perfect: have been reading
Present Perfect: He has been reading
Past Perfect: He had been reading
Future Perfect: He will have been reading
Conditional Perfect: He would have been reading
2. Perfect Infinitive: have read
Perfect Gerund: having read
Present Perfect: He has read
Past Perfect: He had read
Future Perfect: He will have read
Conditional Perfect: He would have read
3. Future: I shall give
Future Perfect:I shall have given
Conditional: I should give
Conditional Perfect: I should have given
4. Future: I will give
Future Perfect: I will have given
Conditional: I would give
Conditional Perfect: I would have given
5. Hurry up, so that we may arrive in time.- Grbete-te ca s ajungem la timp.
They hurried so that we might arrive in time.- S-au grbit ca s ajungem la timp.
6. Let me think! Las-m s m gndesc.
7. Do you live in this town?- Locuieti n acest ora?
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Does he work here? Lucreaz aici?
Did he attend this school? A urmat aceast coal?
I dont like it. Nu-mi place.
Exerciii Practice
Verbele: can, may, must, ought to, shall, will i parial need i dare formeaz grupul de verbe
modale. Aceste verbe nu formeaz infinitivul cu particula 'to'.
can - a putea, cu nelesul de a fi n stare. n vorbirea curent mai ales n ntrebri se folosete n
locul lui 'may' (nseamn i conserv i 'to can' = a face conserv)
may - a putea, cu ntelesul de a avea voie. (nseamn i luna mai). n plus se folosete n urri, de
exemplu poate fi tradus prin 'fie' .
must - a trebui, a fi necesar (nseamn i must- suc de struguri), poate fi tradus uneori i prin
probabil (sau 'trebuie ca')
ought to- ar trebui, ar fi cazul
shall - este o ntrire a unui ordin dac este spus apsat. Altfel formeaz viitorul persoanei nti.
n acest ultim caz de obicei se nlocuiete cu 'will'.
will - formeaz viitorul, particula 'voi' din romnete. I will come = Voi veni. Se folosete i la
formarea viitorului. (nseamn i testament i voin).
need - a trebui, cu nelesul de a avea nevoie
dare - a ndrazni, a provoca pe cineva
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Exemple:
I know I can.- tiu c pot.
May I have this dance? (Pot s am acest dans) - mi acordai acest dans?
May the force be with you! - Fie ca fora s te nsoeasc! din filmul StarWars, adic s ai noroc.
If you must, you must - Dac trebuie, trebuie.
I must be dreaming - Trebuie c visez (probabil c visez).
You ought to stop smoking. Ar fi cazul/ar trebui/i recomand s nu mai fumezi.
You shall not kill = Nu vei omor (s nu omori).
I will survive = Voi supravieui.
Need I go on? - E nevoie s continui?
How dare you talk like this! - Cum ndrzneti s vorbeti aa!
Nu accept particula to pentru infinitiv, nu au participiu i nici forma cu -ing. Din aceast
cauz multe timpuri lipsesc acestor verbe.
Foarte important: Verbul care urmeaz unui verb modal nu are to n fa. Adic, n limba romn
se spune: Trebuie s mnnc. n limba englez se spune: I must eat.
Atenie: I need to eat - need aici nu e verb modal).
Din exemplele de mai sus vedem c aceast regul a verbelor modale e respectat: I know I can
(fr 'to'), May I have this dance? (fr 'to') etc.
Forma negativ nu cere do. Adic n cazul celorlalte verbe se pune un do not sau does not
pentru negaie.
I eat meat - Mnnc carne.
I do not eat meat - Nu mnnc carne.
I can not eat meat - Nu pot s mnnc carne. (particula do cade)
Forma interogativ nu cere do.
Do you eat meat? - Mnnci carne?
Can you eat meat? - Poi s mnnci carne?
Must you eat meat? - Trebuie s mnnci carne?
Aceste verbe nu se schimb dup persoan: I can, you can, he/she can etc. Adic persoana a
treia singular nu primete 's'.
Aceste verbe se pot contracta cu particula not din propoziii negative.
can't = can not, mustn't = must not, won't = will not sunt verbele modale care folosesc cel mai
mult aceast regul.
Pentru formarea celebrului 'nu-i aa' din englez e necesar folosirea acestor verbe. Forma 'nu-i
aa' depinde de verbul modal folosit n prima parte a ntrebrii. I can go, can't I? - Pot s m duc,
nu-i aa? sau He will go, won't he? - Va merge, nu-i aa?
CAN/COULD exprim
capacitatea fizic sau intelectual
Daniel can speak three foreign languages. Daniel tie trei limbi strine.
Irina could run faster than you last year. Irina putea s alerge mai repede dect tine anul trecut.
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I wasnt able to swim yesterday as the weather was very bad.
I couldnt see him in the dark.
I wasnt able to see him in the dark.
permisiunea
A: Can I borrow your pen ? B: Of course you can.
permisiunea n trecut
On Sundays we could stay in bed until ten oclock.- Duminic aveam voie s stm n pat pn la
ora 10. n acest sens, can/could poate fi nlocuit de be allowed to, be permitted to: On Sundays
we were allowed to stay in bed until ten oclock.
MAY/MIGHT
folosit pentru a cere (a) sau a acorda (b) permisiunea (mai oficial dect can):
a) May I go ? Pot s plec ?
b) You may go. Poi s pleci.
exprim o cerere, o rugminte politicoas (may este mai politicos i oficial dect can/could):
May I use your phone ? mi dai voie s dau telefon ?
exprim o posibilitate prezent sau viitoare
He may come today- Se poate s vin azi.
might este folosit n cereri insistente sau atunci cnd vorbitorul este iritat de nendeplinirea
unei aciuni
You might give me an answer. (Please, give me an answer)
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Shall este folosit: pentru a exprima obligaie, n stil oficial (acte, regulamente, etc. la persoana
a II-a i a III-a)
The employer shall supply the necessary documents in due time.
Angajatorul va furniza documentele necesare n timp util.
Shall este folosit n propoziii interogative, la persoana I singular sau plural:
a)- pentru a cere un sfat, o sugestie, un ordin:
Where shall we put the flowers ? Unde s punem florile ?
Shall we go to the cinema tonight ? (Ce spui), mergem la cinema disear ?
What shall we do ? Ce trebuie s facem ?
b)- pentru a face o ofert: Shall I help you ? S te ajut ?
Should este folosit pentru a exprima:
a) obligaia, necesitatea logic de nfptuire a unei aciuni, de obicei sub form de sfat de ctre
vorbitor:
The novel is very interesting. You should read it.
Romanul este foarte interesant. Ar trebui s-l citeti.
He shouldnt tell lies. N-ar trebui s mint.
b) o presupunere: He should be there by now. Ar trebui s fi ajuns acolo deja.
OUGHT TO
La fel ca i should, ought to exprim obligaia sau datoria, de obicei sub forma unui sfat dat de
ctre vorbitor:
You ought to start packing before 12 oclock to make the check out.
WILL/WOULD
exprim o comand:You will do that immediately!
exprim insistena: He will work as a doctor no matter what!
o invitaie:Will you have another slice of pizza?
o cerere, o rugminte: Will you sign the papers, please?
o rugminte foarte politicoas- cu would: Would you do me a favor?
insistena, hotrrea de a efectua ceva n trecut:
He would continue writing for hours, no matter what I said.
probabilitatea: That would be his pen.- Probabil c acela este stiloul lui.
USED TO exprim
o aciune repetat, un obicei trecut care nu mai este repetat n prezent:
I used to call him when I was a student, I dont do this anymore.
Obinuiam s l sun cnd erma student, nu mai fac asta acum.
o aciune repetat, un obicei trecut care nc mai este repetat n prezent:
They used to go there every year and it is likely to find them there, too.
Obinuiau s se duc acolo n fiecare an i e posibil s i gseti acolo.
BE TO folosit pentru a exprima
o comand sau instruciuni ntr-un mod impersonal:
He is to stay in the building till midnight.
Trebuie/va sta /urmeaz s stea n cldire pn la miezul nopii.
o aciune planificat: The meeting is to start at 7:30.- ntlnirea urmeaz s nceap la 7:30.
DARE
este folosit cu sensul de a ndrzni, a avea curajul, mai ales n propoziii interogative:
How dare you say that? Cum ndrzneti s spui asta?
Exerciii Practice
39
LUCREAZ SINGUR I VERIFIC LA SFRITUL CRII!
1. I _______be at the meeting by 10:00. I will probably have to take a taxi if I want to be on
time.
2. You _______submit the application if it has not been completely filled out. If the form is not
complete, you will be rejected and you _______reapply at a later date.
3. Tina: Look at these flowers - they're beautiful! But, there's no card. Who could have sent
them?
Stephanie: It _______David. He's the only one who would send you flowers, you know.
4. You _______forget to pay the rent. Mr Daniel is very strict about paying on time.
5. You _______be like this! Why don't you try saying "please" once in a while.
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7. I've redone this math problem at least ten times, but my answer is wrong according to the
answer key. So, the answer in the book _________wrong!
8. You _________do the job if you didn't speak three languages fluently.
9. You _________worry so much. It doesn't do you any good. Either you get the promotion, or
you don't. If you don't, just apply for another job.
10. You _________ leave the table once you have finished your dinner and politely excused
yourself.
11. Jenny's engagement ring is speechless! It _________cost a fortune.
12. _________we move into the living room? There's a beautiful view of the forest from there.
13. You had better take along some cash. The shop _________accept credit cards.
14. The machine _________start moving by pressing the left button.
15. I _________stand these people - I don t understand their priciples, so you get rid of them!
16. Do you always have to say the first thing that pops into your head.
_________ you think once in a while before you open your mouth?
17. Daniel and Mathew said they would come over right after work, so they _________be here
by 5:00.
18. You _________ no longer suffer this injustice! Freedom shall be yours!
19. If I had gone to an University in England, I _________participated in their English
immersion program.
20. The lamp _________be broken. Maybe the light bulb just burned out or something.
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PARTEA I
MORFOLOGIA - SUBSTANTIVUL
Definiie: Substantivul:
a) denumete obiecte n sens foarte larg, adic fiine, lucruri, fenomene (woman, desk, rain, go,
happiness);
b) are categorii gramaticale de gen, numr i caz;
c) poate ndeplini n propoziie funciile de subiect, nume predicativ, atribut, apoziie,
complement, element predicativ suplimentar, sau poate fi echivalentul unei propoziii sau fraze.
Clasificare:
a) substantive simple: boy, meal, day;
b) substantive formate din derivare cu sufixe sau prefixe: childhood, disgust, unhappiness;
c) substantive formate prin compunere (substantivele compuse): schoolboy
d) substantive formate prin conversiune, din alte pri de vorbire:
- adjective: the good, the evil, the rich, the poor;
- verbe la infinitiv: cook, fall;
- verbe la Gerund: reading, boxing;
- verbe la participiul trecut: the injured;
e) substantive formate prin contragere: ad (advertisement), fridge (refrigerator), gym
(gymnasium), lab (laboratory), liv (livingroom), poly (polytechnic), pub (public house);
f) abrevieri: MP (Member of Parliament), Dr (doctor), Mr Brown (Dl. Brown), Mrs Brown (dna
Brown), Miss Brown (dra Brown), Ms Brown (apelativ pentru femei, cstorite sau
necstorite)
g) substantive comune i substantive proprii
- Substantivele comune pot fi:
- substantive colective, care denumesc obiecte constnd din mai multe elemente de acelai fel:
family, people;
- substantive concrete, care denumesc obiecte sau substana constitutiv a unor obiecte: table,
wood, steel;
- substantive abstracte, care denumesc abstraciuni: difficulty, worry, peace
Substantivele (numele) proprii au capacitatea de a individualiza un obiect dintr-o categorie de
obiecte de acelai fel, denumind n principiu un singur element dintr-o categorie. n limba
englez, substantivele proprii denumesc:
- nume de persoane: John, Larry, Daniel;
- denumiri geografice
- nume de localiti: London, Paris
- nume de ri i continente: Romania, France, Europe
- nume de ape i muni: London River, Carpathians
- diviziuni temporale
- lunile anului: January, February, March, April, June, July, August, September, October,
November, December
- zilele sptmnii: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday
- srbtori: Halloween
d) nume de cri, ziare, reviste: The English Magazine, Nine o Clock
e) nume de instituii
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Numrul substantivelor :
I. Substantive numrabile (Count nouns)
II. Substantive nenumrabile (Mass nouns).
n limba englez fac parte din clasa substantivelor invariabile la singular unele substantive
care sunt numrabile sau invariabile la plural n limba romn:
- advice, business, furniture, homework, income, information, knowledge, luggage,
merchandise, money etc
He always gives me good advice. Totdeauna mi d sfaturi bune.
You must do your homework carefully. Trebuie s-i faci cu atenie leciile.
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I need further information. Am nevoie de informaii suplimentare.
His knowledge of English is poor. Cunotinele lui de englez sunt slabe.
Numrul substantivelor invariabile
Substantivele invariabile nu au opoziia singular - plural. Ele au numai singular: gold, sau
numai plural the police, cattle etc.
Cuantificarea substantivelor invariabile la singular se poate realiza cu ajutorul unor
cuvinte ca: a piece of, an item of, a bar of, a bag of etc.
A.
brother/sister
earl/countess
father/mother
king/queen
lord/lady
man/woman
uncle/aunt
- ess: actor/actress
count/countess
god/goddess
master/mistress
waiter/waitress
-ine: hero/heroine;
-er: widow/widower
-groom: bride/bridegroom
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- alte substantive nume de persoane au o singur form att pentru masculin ct i pentru
feminin. Ele aparin genului comun: artist, chairman, cook, cousin, doctor, foreigner, friend,
quest, musician, parent, teacher, writer. Apartenena la genul masculin sau feminin se
precizeaz n context.
B: horse: stallion/mare
ox: bull/cow
sheep: ram/ewe
pig: boar/sow
deer: stag/hind
lion/lioness
tiger/tigress
cock/hen
dog/bitch
drake/duck
cock sparrow/hen sparrow
he goat/she goat
Tom cat/she cat
Cazul substantivelor:
n limba englez, categoria gramatical a cazului este marcat prin:
- desinen: the childs book- cartea copilului
- topic: The man (N) opened the window (Ac).- Brbatul a deschis fereastra.
- prepoziii: I bought it for Mary.- Am cumprat-o pentru Mary.
Cazul nominativ (The Nominative Case)
The girl is waiting for her friend.- Fata i ateapt prietenul.
Cazul acuzativ (The Acusative Case)
I ate a pizza an hour ago.- Am mncat o pizza acum o or.
Cazul dativ (The Dative Case)
n limba englez, cazul dativ este marcat de prepoziia to sau for sau prin topic:
She gave some sweets to the children. Le-a dat nite dulciuri copiilor.
I bought a present for my mother.- Am cumprat un cadou pentru fratele meu.
I lent her (D) a book (Ac).- I-am mprumutat o carte.
Cazul genitiv (The Genitive Case). Substantivul n cazul genitiv exprim n principal ideea de
posesiune:
Marcs car is new.- Maina lui Marc este nou.
the girls dress; the pupils question rochia fetei, ntrebarea elevului
for goodness sake; for convenience sake pentru numele lui Dumnezeu, de dragul comoditii
Observaie: Apostroful nu este obligatoriu n acest caz.
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Apostroful singur, fr desinena -s se adaug:
- la forma de plural a substantivelor regulate: the boys bicycles (bicicletele bieilor);
the drivers attention (atenia oferilor)
- la substantivele nume de persoane terminate n -s: Dickens life (viaa lui Dickens);
Charles books (crile lui Charles).
Obs: 1. La numele proprii terminate n -s se poate ntlni i genitivul cu s:
Dickenss novels
Exerciii Practice
1) half - 2) kilo -3) woman - 4) mouth - 5) foot - 6) sheep - 7) penny - 8) bus - 9) day - 10) fish
EX. 3.
Completai spaiile cu urmtoarele cuvinte:
advice, chocolate, jam, lemonade, meat, milk, oil, rice, tea, tennis
Example: a cube of _____
Answer: a cube of sugar
1) a piece of _____2) a packet of _____3) a bar of _____4) a glass of _____
5) a cup of _____6) a bottle of _____7) a slice of _____8) a barrel of _____
9) a game of _____10) a jar of _____
EX 4.
Creai substantive nenumrabile din literele de mai jos.
Exemplu: ira = air
aet ikn ilo fgo eber einw doow acek aclo ahir
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ARTICOLUL I ALI DETERMINANI
1) The girl was running very fast. - Fata alerga foarte repede.
2) Where are the books I gave you? Unde sunt crile pe care i le-am dat?
There is a pen on the table. There is an orange on the table.
There are (some) books on the table
Observaie: a) articolul hotrt the, articolul nehotrt a( n) sau articolul zero pentru
substantivele numrabile:
The cow gives us milk.
A cow gives us milk.
Cows give us milk.
b) articolul zero pentru substantivele nenumrabile:
Milk is good for our health.
ALI DETERMINANI :
Exerciii Practice
48
His bike - bicicleta lui;
Their toys - jucriile lor.
Comparai:
Exerciii Practice
Exemplu: What film did you see last night ?- Ce film ai vzut asear?
Exerciii Practice
49
Adjectivul nehotrt (The Indefinite Adjective)
determin substantivul ntr-un mod global (all the pens, every child) sau parial (each pupil,
either side)
Some = ceva, nite, puin, unii, unele, civa, cteva, vreun, vreo, se ntrebuineaz n propoziii
afirmative i indic existena unui numr restrns de lucruri, fiine, a unei cantiti restrnse.
There are some books on his desk.
Any = vreun, vreo, nici un(ul), nici o, nici una, se ntrebuineaz:
- n propoziii afirmative cu sensul: oricare, orice: Any student in your class could answer the
question.
- n propoziii interogative i negative: There isnt any milk in the cup.
Every = fiecare (se refer la membrii unui grup fr a-i individualiza)
Every woman in the room has the right to speak.
Each = fiecare (se refer la membrii unui grup luai individual)
Each pupil must bring some plants to school.
Exerciii Practice
50
NUMERALUL THE NUMERAL
este partea de vorbire care exprim un numr, determinarea numeric a obiectelor (numeralul
cardinal) sau ordinea obiectelor prin numrare (numeralul ordinal)
a. Numeralul cardinal:
0 zero (nought)
1 one 11 eleven 10 ten
2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty
3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty
4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty (no "u")
5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty (note "f", not "v")
6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty
7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy
8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty (only one "t")
9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety (note the "e")
b. Numeralul ordinal:
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e.Numeralul multiplicativ (The Multiplicative Numeral)
once - odat; twice - de dou ori; three times - de trei ori, four times, five times, etc.
Numeralul distributiv (The Distributive Numeral)
Exerciii Practice
Pronumele personal:
Nominativ Dativ/Acuzativ
I me
you you
he him
she her
it it
we us
they them
Exemple: You like me and I like you.- ie i place de mine i mie mi place de tine.
Pronumele reflexiv
are terminaia -self la singular i -selves la plural
Persoana Singular Plural
I myself ourselves
a II-a yourself yourselves
a III-a himself (masc.)
herself (fem.) themselves
itself (neutru)
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It's our food It's ours It belongs to us
It's your food It's yours It belongs to you
It's their food It's theirs It belongs to them
Pronumele interogativ
who este folosit pentru fiine
what pentru lucruri
which pentru fiine i lucruri
how much pentru cantiti
how many pentru numr
what kind of pentru caliti, etc
Exemple:
Who are they waiting for?- Pe cine ateapt ei?
What did he tell you? Ce i-a spus?
What time is it? Ct este ceasul?
Which of these books do you prefer ? Pe care din aceste cri o preferi?
From what country does he come from? Din ce ar vine?
Pronumele relativ
se refer la un substantiv sau nlocuitor al acestuia menionat anterior i face legtura ntre
propoziia n care se afl i cea pe care o nsoete:
I know people who dont like this kind of food.
I know people that dont like this kind of food.
Pronumele relative sunt: who, which i that
Nominativ Dativ/Acuzativ Genitiv
Who Who(m) Whose
Exemplu: I dont know whose car is this one.- Nu tiu a cui este maina aceasta.
whoever -oricine. Whoever speaks must translate. Oricine vorbete trebuie s traduc.
Whichever- oricare. He will take whichever is his. O/l va lua pe oricare este a/al lui.
Pronumele nehotrt
desemneaz global (all) sau parial (each, either) obiecte sau fenomene
Some = ceva, nite, puin, puin, unii, unele, civa, cteva, vreun, vreo, se ntrebuineaz n
propoziii afirmative, interogative (ptr a pune accentul pe ceva)
Exemplu:
She bought some. (vegetables, items, etc)
Did you visit some of the museums the tourist guide recommended ?
Any = vreun, vreo, niciun(ul), nicio, niciuna se ntrebuineaz:
n propoziii afirmative cu sensul: oricare, orice: Any of you could answer this question.
n propoziii interogative i negative: Have you got any ? I havent got any.
Compuii lui some, any i no:
somebody/someone - anybody/anyone - nobody/no one none
something - anything - nothing
Exemple:
I saw somebody in your room.
I saw something in your room.
I saw nobody in your room.
I saw nothing in your room.
Each = fiecare: Each of them - Fiecare (dintre ei)
Either (forma negativ neither) = fiecare: Have you seen either of them ? L-ai vzut pe vreunul
dintre ei (doi) ?
54
Every =fiecare: Every pupil must do his homework.
All = tot, toat, toi, toate: Ive seen them all. Le-am vzut pe toate.
One = un, unul, una cineva:There were two children in the room: one was good and one was bad.
Pronumele negativ
nobody, no one (nimeni), none (nici unul), neither (nici unul din doi), nothing (nimic): Exemple:
Neither of them is right. Nici unul dintre ei (doi) nu are dreptate.
What have you bought ? Nothing. Ce-ai cumprat ? Nimic.
Exerciii Practice
Hi Daniel,
___ name is John. This is ___ friend Jason. He's 32. ___ sister is 34 and ___ workplace is very
near. Jason and I work in the same office. There are 150 employees in ___ company.
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8) The children, ____ shouted in the street, are not from our school.
9) The car, ____ driver is a young man, is from England.
10) What did you do with the money ____ your parents lent you?
1) John and Angela haven't met ____ for a very long time.
2) My friends enjoyed ____ at the party.
3) Daniel repaired computer car ____.
4) We helped ____ with our written task.
5) People often give ____ presents at Christmas.
6) I bought ____ a new record player.
7) Katie, did you do the homework ____?
8) They looked at ____ and smiled.
9) They often write e-mails to ____ because they're best friends.
10) She only thinks of ____. She's a little bit selfish.
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b) cnd cele dou elemente formeaz un tot din punct de vedere al sensului comparaia se
realizeaz cu ajutorul lui more i the most:
heart-broken - more heart-broken - the most heart-broken (inima frnt)
comparativului de egalitate i inferioritate:
My room is as large as hers (la fel de mare ca)
My homework is not as easy as yours.
This film is less interesting than the previous one. (mai puin interesant dect)
superlativul absolut se construiete cu ajutorul adverbelor
very, too, highly, extremely, utterly:
The film was very amusing. It is extremelly difficult to make such a film.
4.Adjective neregulate
good - better - the best ( bun- mai bun- cel mai bun)
bad - worse - the worst (ru- mai ru- cel mai ru)
much- more- the most (mult- mai mult- cel mai mult)
old- older- the oldest (btrn, vechi- mai btrn, vechi- cel mai btrn, vechi)
old elder- the eldest (n vrst- mai n vrst- cel mai n vrst)
little -less - the least (puin, mai puin- cel mai puin)
far - farther - the farthest (deprtat mai deprtat- cel mai deprtat) sau further - the furthest
Exerciii Practice
Exerciii Practice
Gsii adjectivul din prima propoziie i completai spaiile libere cu adverbul corespunztor:
58
PREPOZIIA - PREPOSITION
leag pri de vorbire diferite: substantive, adjective, verbe sau adverbe de substantive sau
substitute ale acestora:
In the picture, I can see a woman who is sitting at a table. She is sitting on a chair.
There is another chair next to the woman.
Unele cuvinte sunt urmate n mod obligatoriu de anumite prepoziii:
a) Substantive:
- interest, progress, satisfaction + in;
- cause, chance, opportunity + of;
- exception, invitation, kindness + to;
b) Adjective:
- anxious, enthusiastic + about;
- alarmed, amazed, astonished, clever, good + at;
- bound, eager, famous, fit, sorry + for;
- disappointed, rich, successful + in;
- afraid, ashamed, aware, characteristic, fond, full, jealous, proud, sure, tired, typical, worthy +
of;
- affectionate, appropiate, attentive, contrary, cruel, deaf, indifferent, kind, parallel, polite, rude,
thankful + to;
- angry, busy, charmed, consistent, delighted, dizzy, faint, identical, pale, satisfied, stiff, wet +
with;
c) Verbe:
- aim, arrive, fire, gaze, glance, look + at;
- account, ask, blame, care, leave long + for;
- conceal, die, differ, escape, hide, prevent, protect + from;
- abound, believe, end, fail, originate, succeed (+-ing), + in;
- accuse, boast, cure, deprive, die, remind take care + of;
- agree, comment, concentrate, congratulate, mediate + on;
- adapt, adjust, apply, attribute, belong, cling, conform, consent, link, listen, prefer, reduce, refer,
report, sell, sail, subscribe, turn + to;
- complete, flush, glow, shake, shiver, side, subscribe, supply, threaten, tremble + with.
Prepositions Example
Prepositions of place: at, in, within, by, beside, next to, near, close to, against, over, above, on,
top of; under, beneath, below, underneath, in front of, before; behind, after, between, among
Prepositions of time at, on, in, by, before, after from... to, till/until, during, for, (all)
through/throughout, over
Prepositions of manner With (cu), without (fr), in... manner/way
Prepositions of direction: to, into, onto, towards, through, across, over, up, down, along, past, by,
about, around, off, out of, from
Prepositions of reference: as to, as for, regarding, in regard to, concerning (formal), About, on
(despre):
Prepositions of cause: because of, on account of (formal), from, out of, for, through (din cauz
de)
Prepositions of concession: in spite, despite (formal), for all, with all (familiar) ( n ciuda, cu
toat / toate...
Exerciii Practice
60
CONJUNCTIA - THE CONJUNCTION
Exerciii Practice
EX.1. Alegei conjuncia coordonatoare potrivit din urmtoarele: and, but, or, so
1. Daniel was cold, _____he put on a coat.
2. Maria tried to translate the text, _____ it was too difficult.
3. To get from Piteti to Bucharest, you can take a bus, _____ you can go by car.
4. I bought a bottle of wine, _____ we drank it together.
5. The teacher was not very nice, _____ the mark was good.
6. I went to buy my favorite CD, _____the shop didn't have it.
7. Irina needed some money, _____ she took a part-time job.
8. There's so much noise in the building lately! Maybe it's because of the new family who has
just moved in , _____ maybe it's just coincidence.
9. Julie has a guitar, _____ she plays it really well.
10. The concert was cancelled, _____ we went to a disco instead.
INTERJECIA- INTERJECTION
Clasificare:
Cu ajutorul interjeciilor se exteriorizeaz:
1) senzaii i sentimente:
a) bucurie: Ah ! Ooh ! Jippee ! Hurray ! (a, ah, ura!).
b) surpriz: Oh ! Wow ! (a, ah, oh!). Oh, what a nice dress !
c) mirare: Oh, dear ! Dear me ! Indeed ! (vai drag, vai de mine, ntr-adevr) Oh, dear, I cant
find my purse. Dear me ! What are you doing over there ?
d) admiraie: Whew !(ah, doamne): Whew, how beautiful she is !
e) nelegere: Aha ! (a, aha!): Aha, these gloves are exactly what I was looking for.
f) dispre: Fie ! Pshaw ! What a shame! (Ptiu, pah, ce ruine!): Fie upon you ! You ought to be
ashamed at what you have done.
g) dezgust: Ugh! (h!): Ugh, how dirty your hands are !
h) aprobare: Well done ! Congratulations ! (Foarte bine! Felicitri!) Well done, Peter ! Youve
passed all your exams brilliantly.
i) dezaprobare: Nonsense! What a nuisance! (Prostii ! Ce pacoste!): What a nuisance! Now Ill
have to do it all over again!
j) regret: Ah! Oh! What a pity! (a!, oh! ce pcat!): What a pity you couldnt come! It was a good
play.
k) durere: Ouch! Ow! (vai, ah, aoleu!): ouch, it hurts!
2) manifestri de voin:
a) o rugminte, un ndemn: Oh! Help! (oh! Ajutor!); Ssh! Hush! Silence! (Sst, linite!): Hush!
The babys sleeping!
b) o ncurajare: Cheer up! Come on! (Curaj! Haide!): Come on, dont be afraid! Youll be fine.
c) o avertizare: Look Out! Fire! (Atenie! Foc!): Fire ! The house is on fire!
3) se reproduc sunete i zgomote din mediul nconjurtor: Bow - wow !
Miaow! Baa! Buzz! (Ham - ham ! Miau! Beh! Bzzz!): Bang! Click! Crash!
Exerciii Practice
Alegei interjecia potrivit situaiilor de mai jos. Putei folosi interjecii ca: ah, hello, dear, eh,
allas, hmm, oh, well, er, uh-huh, ouch, etc.
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PARTEA A II-A
Subiectul este partea principal de propoziie despre care se spune ceva cu ajutorul
predicatului.
Exemple:He is a really nice guy.
My dog attacked the burglar.
David plays the piano
The police interviewed all the witnesses.
The man who had followed us inside walked over to the telephone.
Predicatul este partea principal de propoziie care atribuie subiectului o aciune, o stare sau o
nsuire.
Predicatul nominal este alctuit din: un verb copulativ + un nume predicativ.
Verbe copulative:
a. verbul be: He is clever. El este detept
b. verbe ale devenirii: become, get, grow, turn: Her hair has turned grey. A ncrunit. She is
getting old. mbtrnete.
c. Verbe ale continurii n aceeai stare : continue, keep, remain, hold, stay.
He kept silent. Tcea.
d. verbe ale aparenei: appear, look, seem: She seemed ill. Prea bolnav. He looks pale. Este
palid.
Numele predicativ este exprimat:
a) printr-un substantiv sau echivalent al acestuia:
My nephew has become a doctor.
b) printr-un adjectiv, singur sau cu o complinire: She was happy. She was eager to come.
c) printr-un participiu trecut: The village seemed deserted.
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Exerciii Practice
Subjects Predicates
The dirty yellow cat stood outside the hotel all night.
We prowled through the dark alley.
Tom and his brother lived in the attic last winter.
The taxi driver baked delicious apple pies.
Anna's elderly mother were late yesterday.
The green tree snake sold used cars.
The detective in the gray raincoat was from the Middle East.
Seven rats waited patiently for his victim.
Cuvintele subliniate sunt complemente directe. Rspund la una din ntrebrile pe cine?, ce?
O alt metod pentru a afla dac un cuvnt este sau nu complement direct, este aceea de a
transforma fraza respectiv la diateza pasiv. Complementul direct va trebui sa devin subiectul
propoziiei la diateza pasiv.
Exemplu:
1. Todd sang a song.
=> Passive: A song was sung by Todd.
2. Ashley became a rock star.
" a rock star " nu este complement direct i deci nu poate deveni subiectul propoziiei la diateza
pasiv.
Exerciii Practice
Exerciii Practice
66
a) verbe intranzitive cu prepoziie obligatorie: care for, complain of, depend on, hint
at, insist on, long for, look at, pass for, warn of, wonder at, worry about :
The success of the meeting will depend on the speaker s inspiration.
b) verbe intranzitive cu dou prepoziii: agree with smb about smth, argue with
smb about smth.
He agreed with me about the plan.
c) verbe tranzitive cu prepoziie obligatorie: acquaint smb with smth, advise smb.
about smth, assure smb of smth, blame smb for smth, bother smb. with smth,
convince smb, of smth, entrust smb with smth, mistake smb. for smth, warn smb
about smth:
I convinced him about the plan.
d) adjective sau participii care ndeplinesc funcia de nume predicativ ntr-un
predicat nominal, urmate de o prepoziie obligatorie:
about: He was reasonable about her decision.
at: She is good at chemistry.
in: He is interested in astronomy.
of: Romanias foreign trade is based on co-operation and equal rights.
with: He is angry with your behaviour.
Alte adjective i participii urmate de aceste prepoziii sunt:
- angry, glad, happy, mad, annoyed, pleased worried + about;
- angry, clever, hopeless, terrible, alarmed, amused, annoyed, delighted, pleased + at;
- efficient, fortunate, lucky, persistent, (un)successful + in;
- afraid, certain, conscious, fond, glad, convinced, scared + of;
- dependent, insistent, keen, lent, set + on;
- busy, (un)comfortable, (in)compatible, content, furious, (un)happy, impatient, sick, uneasy,
annoyed, bored, concerned, delighted, disaplointed, excited, exhausted, horrified, obsessed,
occupied, overcome, pleased, satisfied, upset + with.
Exerciii Practice
Acuzativ cu - infinitiv
- participiu prezent
- participiu trecut
Nominativ cu - infinitiv
- participiu prezent
Infinitiv cu for - to
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Nominativul absolut cu -infinitivul
- participiu prezent
- participiu trecut
Construciile gerundiale
a) n construciile infinitivale ne intereseaz aciunea n sine, faptul petrecut, care este vzut ca
ncheiat:
We saw him sleep (= that he fell asleep). Am vzut c a adormit.
b) n construciile cu participiul n -ing, aciunea este vzut n desfurare: We saw him dancing
(= that he was dancing). L-am vzut dansnd.
c) n construciile cu participiul trecut, aciunea este privit ca un rezultat: We found the dog
dead. Am gsit celul mort.
Exerciii Practice
1. We expected the manager to speak first. 2. They thought him to be gifted in singing. 3. I heard
him walk slowly in the dark. 4. We advised him to go to the hospital as soon as possible 5. They
told us not to worry. 6. The manager asked him to explain the semester report. 7. They saw him
steal the money. 8. You consider his thoughts to be very weird.
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COMPLEMENTELE CIRCUMSTANIALE DE LOC, TIMP, MOD
ADVERBIALS
Complementul circumstanial de loc indic locul, punctul de plecare, direcia sau limita
unei aciuni sau stri.
Complementul circumstanial de timp indic:
a) momentul aciunii: now, nowadays, today, then;
b) succesiunea de timp: afterwards, before, eventually, formerly, previously, soon.
c) durata: lately, recently, since, still, yet;
d) frecvena: weekly, three times a day, often, usually, seldom, once in a while.
Complementul circumstanial de mod indic modul n care se ndeplinete o aciune
sau apare o nsuire.
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c) un substantiv, un adjectiv, pronume sau numeral, o construcie infinitival sau gerundial
introduse prin conjunciile as, not so/as, than: She is as smart as her parents.
d) o propoziie circumstanial de mod comparativ:
She smiled as if she were extremely happy, but....
Exerciii Practice
Atributul modific sau determin un substntiv sau pronume care ndeplinete n propoziie
funcia de:
1) subiect: The tall girl is my sister-in-law.
2) o parte secundar de prepoziie:
a) complement direct sau indirect: They made an extraordinary attempt.
b) complement circumstanial (de loc, timp etc.): They often go out quiet evenings.
Exerciii Practice
71
TEST FINAL
73
52. Q: _______ you ever ________ to Paris?
Did ... go Have .... go Have ... gone Shall .... go
53. Q: Have you finished your work ______?
Yet already still just
54. Q: Jack is really ______________ geography, especially Japanese history.
interested at interesting in interested in interested for
55. Q: These images ______________ by an artist named John Smith.
are photographed were photoed photographed were photographed
56. Q: He'll give you a call as soon as he __________.
will arrive arrives is arriving is going to arrive.
57. Q: He found his watch ___________ the papers on the table.
In among between through
58. Q: Would you mind ______________ me a hand?
to give give giving given
59. Q: I think Piteti is ____ exciting ____ Bucharest.
as ... as so ... than as ... than so ... as
60. Q: He _________ he wanted to come.
told said me said told to me
61. Q: What ______________ at work?
do you have to do must you do have you to do do you
62. Q: How is he? - Daniel? He __________.
's fine s tall with blond hair 's quite a shy person actually 's twenty three
63. Q: He will meet you _________ the station at 9 o'clock sharp.
in front ahead in front of behind of
64. Q: If you want to be healthy, you _______ smoke or drink alcohol.
needn't couldn't shouldn't mustn't to
65. Q: He's _____________ politics.
interested interesting interested to interested in
66. Q: Where was Dany yesterday? - I don't know. He ________________ seeing the doctor.
might has been might have been couldn't have been mustn't have been
67. Q: Yes, that is the woman _________ horse almost trampled her!
which whose who that
68. Q: Would you like me to ______________ the kids next week?
look to look at look after look into
69. Q: I missed the bus, so I _________ take the next one.
musted must had to had
70. Q: Why are your hands so dirty? - Well, I __________________ in the garden for the last two
hours.
have worked worked am working have been working
71. Q: Fiestas ______________ in an old city in Germany for many years now.
have been making have made have been made are made
72. Q: Let me ___________! I didn't really want to eat all the cakes, I just couldn't help myself.
to say you say you explain me explain
73. Q: Yes, we have bought the tickets to the concert and we _______________ next Saturday. I'm so
excited.
will go won't go shall be going are going
74. Q: Most people like rugby, but ____ my opinion it's too chaotic.
Of from in with
75. Q: Are you travelling to Prague ____ business or ____ holiday?
For on to in
76. Q: Have you read the article _____ Time magazine ____ Google?
on on to on in on from on
77. Q: What's that book _____?
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about to from of
78. Q: I stayed ____ the Ritz Hotel ________ my stay in New York.
in to to while at while at during
79. Q: I looked this word ____ in the dictionary, but I still don't understand its meaning.
from on up over
80. Q: We need some sugar. We're almost completely ____ it.
out out of over through
81. Q: Luckily, I made it to the station ___ time to catch the last train.
in for at to
82. Q: My house is ___ the end of the street ___ the left.
in on at in in at at on
83. Q: The post office doesn't open _____ 9 a.m.
For until still just
84. Q: Are you ___ or ___ the prime minister?
pro con for against with against proto contra
85. Q: Were you ____ time for your appointment? Or were you late?
to on at of
86. Q: Throw the ball ___ Daniel, please.
next beneath to against
87. Q: I got ____ home late last night.
To at _ in
88. Q: Please talk __ the manager and don't shout __ me!
to to at to to at with to
89. Q: You can start the computer ___ pressing that button.
with to by from
90. Q: She was born ____ Spain ___ March 16, 1992.
in in in to in on to in
91. Q: He was born ___ Germany ___ April.
in to on in in in in at
92. Q: Be careful! You're going to set the paper ___ fire!
to on in with
93. Q: I need to learn these verbs ___ heart ___ tomorrow.
by on by to from by by by
94. Q: She'll be finished ____ the end of the week.
By from to in
95. Q: You must take the medicine _____ the next five minutes.
Since until within at
96. Q: I haven't seen Larry ___ ages!
At in since until
97. Q: It is years ____ I last played tennis.
For when since at
98. Q: Jack will be out _____ 3.30.
Since at from until
99. Q: Daniel _____ (live) in New York for the past 15 years.
has lived lives lived
100. Q: Jane ____ (work) for H&M before she came to work for us.
Works worked has worked
101. Q: Are there ______ peaches in the kitchen?
Much any some a
102. Q: That is _____ interesting book.
The a an -
103. Q: I went ______ church last Sunday.
At in to on
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104. Q: What _____ he like? - He is very friendly.
Does did is has
105. Q: I ________ a new car last month.
bought have bought buyed did bought
106. Q: How ________ money do you have in your wallet?
many few much some
107. Q: She came ______ home late last night.
- at to in
108. Q: Daniel is a nice boy, and I like _____.
- him his it
109. Q: I get up ______ eight o'clock every day.
In on at to
110. Q: I like __________ music.
Listen listen to listening to to listening to
111. Q: What __________ in your free time?
you do do you do are you doing does you do
112. Q: My father _______ in a software company.
Works work is working is worked
113. Q: Would you like _______ coffee?
Any an some to
114. Q: I _____ drive a car.
can't to can want have
115. Q: He likes watching TV ______ evening.
in the at during in
116. Q: I drove my car _____ the garage.
In at into onto
117. Q: _________. Is there a bank near here?
Please Excuse me Pardon Hey
118. Q: I live in ______.
italy Italy Italian italian
119. Q: The bank is at the end of this street _____ the left.
at in on over
120. Q: The bank is _______ the post office.
near of next to next close
121. Q: There are ______ magazines on the table.
any an some a
122. Q: I would like _____ rice.
a one some any
123. Q: I went to London three years _____.
last ago time past yet
124. Q: I would love to visit Prague sometime. Unfortunately, I ____ (be/never) there.
have never been was never will never be
125. Q: Daniel _____ (play) tennis for five years when he _____ (be) at school.
has played was played was has played - has been
126. Q: : Do you like ______ Chinese food?
- an some the
127. Q: I _____ (work) in Spain for 5 years. I ____ (begin) work as soon as I arrived.
work began have worked - have begun have worked began
128. Q: I'm afraid I'm not hungry. I _____ (eat/already).
didn't eat already have already eaten haven't already eaten
129. Q: When Daniel was at school, he _____ (learn) to play the piano. He _____ (play) it ever since.
has learned - has played learned - has played learned played
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130. Q: Could you give me some advice? I _____ (buy) this sweater yesterday. Do you think I should
take it back?
Bought have bought buyed
131. Q: George lives in New York. Before she _____ (move) here, she ____ (live) in Seattle for 3
years.
moved - has lived moved lived has moved lived
132. Q: Peter ____ (go) to Paris last year. That means that he ____ (be) to Paris 3 times!
went - has been went was has gone was
133. Q: Just a moment! I _____ (not think) of a good idea yet!
haven't thought didn't think don't think
134. Q: Irina _____ (believe) that for ages!
believes has believed was believed
135. Q: How long _____ (you/live) there before coming here?
have you lived did you live do you live
136. Q: She _____ (write) the email but doesn't know how to send it.
has written writes written
137. Q: I ____ (just/have) something done to my hair. Do you like it?
have just had just have had just have
138. Q: Hurry up! The concert _____ (begin) and we are late.
Begins has begun began
139. Q: Andra _____ (record) many albums and will probably make many more.
records has recorded recorded
140. Q: Nat King Cole _____ (record) many albums during his great career.
records has recorded recorded
141. Q: How many magazines ____ (read) this year?
did you read do you read have you read
142. Q: How many books ____ (read) last year?
do you read have you read did you read
143. Q: ____ (newspaper/arrive)? Yes, Daniel is reading it at the moment.
Did the newspaper arrived Does the newspaper arrive Has the newspaper arrived
144. Q: Where ____ (you/find) that book? - I _____(find) it in the library.
have you found - have found did you find found did you find - have found
145. Q: ____ (you/smoke) a lot before becoming a non-smoker?
Have you smoked Did you smoked Did you smoke
146. Q: He _____ (leave) the shop a few minutes ago.
was left left has left
147. Q: She ____ (not leave) the house yet.
has left hasn't left didn't leave
148. Q: I _____ (not know) you ____ (be) here! _____ (you/be) here long?
haven't known - were - Have you been
didn't know - were - Have you been
didn't know - have been - Have you been
149. Q: _____ (you/see) today's paper?
Do you see Have you seen Are you seeing
150. Q: I'm tired. I _____ (not get) much sleep last night.
haven't got didn't get wasn't get
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Cheia exerciiilor
Interogativ:
Do you leave home at 12 oclock? Does he leave home at 1 oclock?
Do you go to work by car? Does he go to work by train?
Do you speak English well? Does he speak English badly?
Do you get home at six? Does he get home at seven?
Do you have two kids? Does he have three kids?
Negativ:
Interogativ
Situation 1
Daniel: Grandpa:
1. Ill work in the lab tomorrow. Where will you work?
2. Ill do an interesting experiment tomorrow. What will you do?
3. Ill obtain hydrogen in the Chemistry lesson. What will you obtain?
4. Ill learn interesting things next week. When will you learn?
5. Ill study hydrogen next week. What will you study?
6. Ill ask the teacher a lot of questions. Who will you ask ?
Situation 2 -
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
79
3. Had Daniel sunbathed on the beach before?
Yes, he had.
Had Irina sunbathed on the beach before?
No, she hadnt.
Present Continuous
1. Larry is working in his office now.
2. Daniel is typing a letter in the secretariate
3. Ioana is presenting a project in the conference room.
4. Maria is speaking on the phone in the hall now.
5. Matei is meeting some clients in the guests room.
Future Continuous
80
3) At 7 o'clock on Monday they will be singing the new song. (to sing)
4) He will be sleeping when you call her. (to sleep)
5) It will probably be raining when I reach Madrid. (to rain)
6) Mary will be watching a video when I arrive tonight. (to watch)
7) You will be eating spaghetti soon. (to eat)
8) This time next week he will be flying to Africa. (to fly)
9) Peggy will be coming to the party on Sunday. (to come)
10) Tomorrow at nine I will be writing a test paper. (to write)
1. We have been talking about that horrible accident for half an hour.
2. She has been cooking a chicken soup for 1 hour.
3. They have been phoning the manager for the last five minutes.
4. Mary has been living in Manhattan since June 1998.
5. It has been raining since morning.
Diateza:
81
Persoana i numrul
1) He is dreaming.
2) It is green.
3) They are on the wall.
4) It is running.
5) We are watching TV.
6) They are in the garden.
7) He is riding his bike.
8) She is from Bristol.
9) She has got a brother.
10) Have you got a computer, Mandy?
Subjonctivul
1. It is very important that all employees be dressed in their proper uniforms before 6:30 a.m.
2. I wish my sister were here.
3. The coach insisted that Mario play the center position, even though he's much too short for
that position..
4. Mary hoped that the meeting be adjourned.
5. My mother would know what to do. Oh, would that she were here with us now!
6. If only Mark were a little more responsible in his choice of courses!
7. If Mrs. Smith had been ill that night, the Smiths would not have gone to the cinema.
8. Her employees treated Mrs. Smith as though she were a queen.
9. I wish I felt better today.
Infinitivul i gerunziul
Participiul trecut:
82
Verbele auxiliare
Verbele modale
Ex.1.
1.We couldn't go to the party. We're going to a wedding.
2. He would be able to pass the exam if he studied harder.
3. I can't remember his name.
4. They weren't able to go. The weather was too bad.
5. Sorry, Teacher. I haven't been able to do it yet.
Ex. 2
1. I must be at the meeting by 10:00. I will probably have to take a taxi if I want to be on time.
2. You mustn't submit the application if it has not been completely filled out. If the form is not
complete, you will be rejected and you will have to reapply at a later date.
3. Tina: Look at these flowers - they're beautiful! But, there's no card. Who could have sent
them?
Stephanie: It must have been David. He's the only one who would send you flowers, you know.
4. You mustn't forget to pay the rent. Mr Daniel is very strict about paying on time.
5. You don't have to be like this! Why don't you try saying "please" once in a while.
Ex 3.
1. Mike's flight from Paris took more than 7 hours.
He must be quite exhausted after such a long flight.
2. The books are optional. My teacher said we could read them if we needed extra credit. But we
don't have to read them if we don't want to.
3. Daniel couldn't hear a word because the crowd was cheering so loudly.
4. The refrigerator isn't working. It must have been damaged during the move.
5. Mike: Can you hold your breath for more than a minute?
Jack: No, I can't.
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6. You don't have to be rich to be famous. Some of the most successful people I know haven't got
a penny.
7. I've redone this math problem at least ten times, but my answer is wrong according to the
answer key. So, the answer in the book must be wrong!
8. You couldn't do the job if you didn't speak three languages fluently.
9. You shouldn't worry so much. It doesn't do you any good. Either you get the promotion, or
you don't. If you don't, just apply for another job.
10. You may leave the table once you have finished your dinner and politely excused yourself.
11. Jenny's engagement ring is speechless! It must have cost a fortune.
12. Shall we move into the living room? There's a beautiful view of the forest from there.
13. You had better take along some cash. The shop may not accept credit cards.
14. The machine can start moving by pressing the left button.
15. I can't stand these people - I dont understand their priciples, so you get rid of them!
16. Do you always have to say the first thing that pops into your head.
Can't you think once in a while before you open your mouth?
17. Daniel and Mathew said they would come over right after work, so they should be here by
5:00.
18. You shall no longer suffer this injustice! Freedom shall be yours!
19. If I had gone to an University in England, I could have participated in their English
immersion program.
20. The lamp might not be broken. Maybe the light bulb just burned out or something.
Substantivul:
Ex 1.
1) This is Peter's book.
2) Let's go to the Smiths'.
3) The children's room is upstairs.
4) John's sister is twelve years old.
5) Susan and Steve's bags have blue stickers.
6) Men's shoes are on the second floor.
7) My parents' car was not expensive.
8) Charles's CD player is new.
9) This is the boy's bike.
10) These are the boys' pencils.
Ex. 2.
1) half halves 2) kilo kilos 3) woman women 4) mouth mouths 5) foot feet
6) sheep sheep 7) penny pence 8) bus buses 9) day days10) fish fish
Ex 3.
1) a piece of advice 2) a packet of rice 3) a bar of chocolate
4) a glass of milk 5) a cup of tea 6) a bottle of lemonade
7) a slice of meat 8) a barrel of oil 9) a game of tennis
10) a jar of jam
Ex.4.
ira = air aet = tea ikn = ink ilo = oil fgo = fog
eber = beer einw = wine doow = wood acek = cake aclo = coal ahir = hair
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Articolul
Adjectivul demonstrativ
Adjectivul posesiv
Adjectivul interogativ
1. What time is the flight ?
2. Which girl has a red bag ?
3. Whose mother is a nurse ?
4. What subject do you like ?
5. Whose books are these ?
Adjectivul nehotrt
1. Do any black people work in your company?
Yes, there are some.
2. She hasn't any clothes to wear to the party.
No problem, I can give her some.
3. Mary, there is no gas in the car.
Oh, no. We had better get some.
4. Are there any good movies this weekend?
No, there are none.
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5. I want to take a shower; is there any hot water?
I'm sorry, there is no hot water.
Numeralul
Pronumele
EX. 1.
1) He is dreaming.
2) It is green.
3) They are on the wall.
4) It is running.
5) We are watching TV.
EX.2.
My name is John. This is my friend Jason. He's 32. His sister is 34 and her workplace is very
near. Jason and I work in the same office. There are 150 employees in our company.
EX.3.
1) Robert made this T-shirt himself.
2) Lisa did the homework herself
3) We helped ourselves to some cola at the party.
4) Emma, did you take the photo all by yourself?
5) I wrote this poem myself.
6) He cut himself with the knife while he was doing the dishes.
7) The lion can defend itself.
8) My mother often talks to herself.
9) Tim and Gerry, if you want more milk, help yourselves.
10) Alice and Doris collected the stickers themselves.
EX. 4. 1) I talked to the boy whose car had broken down in front of the building.
2) Mr John, who is a taxi driver, lives in the neighbourhood.
3) We often visit our aunt in Bucharest which is in the south of Romania.
4) This is the boy who comes from France.
5) That's Irina, the girl who has just arrived at the airport.
6) Thank you very much for your e-mail which was very interesting.
7) The man, whose father is a professor, forgot his umbrella.
8) The children, who shouted in the street, are not from our school.
9) The car, whose driver is a young man, is from England.
10) What did you do with the money which your parents lent you?
EX.5. 1) John and Angela haven't met each other for a very long time.
2) My friends enjoyed themselves at the party.
3) Daniel repaired computer car himself.
4) We helped each other with our written task.
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5) People often give each other presents at Christmas.
6) I bought myself a new record player.
7) Katie, did you do the homework yourself?
8) They looked at each other and smiled.
9) They often write e-mails to each other because they're best friends.
10) She only thinks of herself. She's a little bit selfish.
Adjectivul
Adverbul
Prepoziia
EX. 1.
We live in London.
Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?
No, thanks. I was at the cinema yesterday.
We are going on holiday next week.
There is a bridge across the river.
The flight from Bucharest to Lecce was via Berlin.
On my wall, there are many picture postcards.
Who is the person in this picture?
Come into the sitting room, we want to watch TV.
The town lies 530 meters above sea level.
EX.2.
1. What are you doing at the weekend?
2. I don't know yet. Maybe I'll go to the cinema on Saturday.
3. That's interesting. I haven't been to the cinema for so many years.
4. We could go there together in the afternoon.
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5. That would be great. But I would prefer to go there in the evening. I am visiting my grandma
on Saturday.
6. That's okay. The film starts at eight o'clock.
7. I can pick you up at half past seven. How long does the film last?
8. It lasts for two hours and forty-five minutes.
9. From eight till a quarter to eleven.
10.That's right. But I must hurry home after the film. I have to be home by eleven o'clock.
Conjuncia
EX.1.
1. Daniel was cold, so he put on a coat.
2. Maria tried to translate the text, but it was too difficult.
3. To get from Piteti to Bucharest, you can take a bus, or you can go by car.
4. I bought a bottle of wine, and we drank it together.
5. The teacher was not very nice, but the mark was good.
6. I went to buy my favorite CD, but the shop didn't have it.
7. Irina needed some money, so she took a part-time job.
8. There's so much noise in the building lately! Maybe it's because of the new familz who has
just moved in ,or maybe it's just coincidence.
9. Julie has a guitar, and she plays it really well.
10. The concert was cancelled, so we went to a disco instead.
EX.2.
Daniel couldn't buy any presents because he didn't have any money.
I don't drink coffee as it makes me nervous.
Although it was snowing, I wasnt cold.
Since she doesn't speak English, she can't translate that text.
Daniel passed the exam first time while his brother had to retake it four times.
Paula got the job she wanted even though she had no experience.
I will be late today because my car has broken down.
Whereas my wife likes to travel abroad, I prefer to stay at the countryside for my vacations.
Interjecia
Subiectul i predicatul
EX.1.
1. Yesterday, (Ross and Monica )took their children to the zoo.
2. (The elephants, the lions, and all of the other animals) were outside.
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3. (The president of the bank )looked everywhere for the papers .
4. (They) listened quietly.
5. (The yellow race car with red stripes) finished the first in the race.
6. After his speech,( the president of the meeting) shook hands with all members of the crowd .
EX.2.
1. The dirty yellow cat prowled through the dark alley/ lived in the attic last winter.
2. We stood outside the hotel all night./ baked delicious apple pies./ were late yesterday.
3. Tom and his brother stood outside the hotel all night./ baked delicious apple pies./ were late
yesterday./ sold used cars.
4. The taxi driver stood outside the hotel all night./ was from the Middle East.
5. Anna's elderly mother baked delicious apple pies./ was from the Middle East.
6. The green tree snake was from the Middle East.
7. The detective in the gray raincoat stood outside the hotel all night./ waited patiently for his
victim.
8. Seven rats lived in the attic last winter.
Complementul direct
Complementul indirect
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Complementul prepoziional
Construcii complexe:
EX.1.
a. nominativul absolut
b. nominativul absolut
3- N+ infinitiv
4- Ac + infinitive
5- N absolut + part. prezent
EX.2.
1. The manager was expected to speak first. 2. He was thought to be gifted in singing. 3. He was
heard walking slowly in the dark. 4. He was advised him to go to the hospital as soon as possible
5. We were told not to worry. 6. He was asked him by the manager to explain the semester
report. 7. He was seen stealing the money. 8. His thoughts are considered to be very weird.
They were in Paris. (last week) They were in Paris last week.- adverbial of time
She walks his dog. (rarely) She rarely walks his dog. - adverbial of manner
She waited. (patiently) She waited patiently. - adverbial of manner
My father goes fishing. (always) My father always goes fishing. - adverbial of time
Your bedroom is. (upstairs) Your bedroom is upstairs. - adverbial of place
We don't go skiing. (in summer) We don't go skiing in summer. - adverbial of time
Cats can hear. (well) Cats can hear well. - adverbial of manner
I saw him. (there) I saw him there.- adverbial of place
The boy speaks English. (fluently) The boy speaks English fluently. - adverbial of manner
I have seen that movie. (never) / (before) I have never seen that movie before. - adverbial of
time
Atributul
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TEST FINAL
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81. in 121. some
82. at on 122. some
83. until 123. ago
84. for against 124. have never been
85. on 125. played was
86. to 126. -
87. _ 127. have worked began
88. to at 128. have already eaten
89. by 129. learned - has played
90. in on 130. bought
91. in in 131. moved lived
92. on 132. went - has been
93. by by 133. haven't thought
94. by 134. has believed
95. within 135. did you live
96. in 136. has written
97. since 137. have just had
98. until 138. has begun
99. has lived 139. has recorded
100. has worked 140. recorded
101. any 141. have you read
102. an 142. did you read
103. to 143. Has the newspaper arrived
104. is 144. have you found - have found
105. bought 145. Did you smoke
106. much 146. left
107. - 147. hasn't left
108. him 148.didn't know - were - Have you been
109. at 149. Have you seen
110. listening to 150. didn't get
111. do you do
112. works
113. some
114. can
115. in the
116. into
117. Excuse me
118. Italy
119. on
120. next to
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TIMPURILE LIMBII ENGLEZE - fi exemplu
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Did you go to work yesterday? Were you reading when I entered the room?
Negative: S + Did + Not + V Negative: S + Be (past) + Not + V ing
They didnt go to work yesterday? He wasnt eating when she phoned.
Aciune trecut terminat n Aciune trecut n desfurare n prezent:
moment precizat: (ago, last, When you entered my room, I was watching
yesterday, in 2004): I met her in TV.
1981.
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Verbul TO WORK -model
Indicative
Present Past Tense
I work I worked
you work you worked
he/she/it works he/she/it worked
we work we worked
you work you worked
they work they worked
Present continuous Past continuous
I am working I was working
you are working you were working
he/she/it is working he/she/it was working
we are working we were working
you are working you were working
they are working they were working
Past perfect continuous Present perfect
I had been working I have worked
you had been working you have worked
he/she/it had been working he/she/it has worked
we had been working we have worked
you had been working you have worked
they had been working they have worked
Past perfect Future
I had worked I will work
you had worked you will work
he/she/it had worked he/she/it will work
we had worked we will work
you had worked you will work
they had worked they will work
Future perfect Future continuous
I will have worked I will be working
you will have worked you will be working
he/she/it will have worked he/she/it will be working
we will have worked we will be working
you will have worked you will be working
they will have worked they will be working
Future perfect continuous Present perfect continuous
I will have been working I have been working
you will have been working you have been working
he/she/it will have been working he/she/it has been working
we will have been working we have been working
you will have been working you have been working
they will have been working they have been working
Infinitive Participle
to work Present Past
working worked
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Bibliografie:
Leon Levichi, Ioan Preda - Gramatica limbii engleze, Ed. tiinific 1967;
Alice Bdescu - Gramatica limbii engleze, Ed.tiinific, 1963;
Georgiana Gleanu, Ecaterina Comiel, - Gramatica limbii engleze, pentru uz colar, Editura
didactic i pedagogic Bucureti,1982
Catedra de limb i literatur englez. Universitatea din Bucureti - Gramatica limbii
engleze, Ed. tiinific, 1962;
Ioana tefnescu - Lectures in English Morphology, Univ. din Buc., 1978.
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