Partea a lll-a ANUL III DE STUDIU LECTIILE: 67-99Lesson 67 VOCABULARY ability [o'biliti) s. capacitate accurate ['sekjurit] adj. precis, exact, extrem de corect adopt (0'dopt] o. a adopta aggressively [a'gresivii] adv. cu agresivitate bed-sitting-room [‘bed-'sitiprum] s. cameré combinata bold [bould] adj. indriznet capacity [Ke'pasiti] *. capacitate; (tn text) calitate challenge ['t/zlinds] I. s. provocare; sfidare. Il. ¢. a provoca, a sfida confidence [‘konfidans) s. Incredere confirm [kon'fa:m] ¢. a confirma counterpart [‘kauntapa:t] s. echivalent, cores- pondent courage [‘karids] s. curaj coward [kauad] ¢. lag fare [do}, dared [dead] 1. v. principal 1. a indrizni (si), a avea ‘curajul/indrdzneala (si). % a provoca, a sfida. IT. ¢. modal defiantly [4i'faiontii] ado. cu sfidare delighted [di laitid] adj. incintat detached [di'tat{t] adj. detagat, degajat dining-recess [‘dainiy ri'ses} s. nis6/desparti- turd servind drept sufragerie ‘embarrass [im:baras] 9. a stinjeni, a incurca expound [iks'paund] ¢. a expune, a prezenta hostess (‘haustis] s. gazd’ impudence [‘impjudens] s. nerusinare, neobra- mare impudent [‘impjudont] adj. impertinent, neru- sinat nck [leek] s. lips’ Jexical [leksikal] adj. lexical maliciously [mo'lifasli] ade. cu. malitiozitate manifest ['manifest] adj. evident, cert, mani- fest, vadit mere [mia] adj. simplu mock [mok] 9. agi bate joc de morphological [,m9:fa'lodsikal] adj. morfologic paint (peint] o. a zugravi Precise [pri'sais] adj. precis, exact pretend [pri'tend] ¢. a pretinde; (tn text si) a se preface quotation [kwou'teifon] s. citat to quote [kwaut] ¢. a cita resolutely [‘rezalu:tii] adv. cu hotarire surely [fuali] adv. firi doar si poate syntactical (sin'taktikol] adj. ‘sintactic topie ['topik] s. subiect de conversafie, tema de discutie treat (tri:t] v. a trata; (in tect gi) a considera unsure [‘an'fua] adj. ‘nesigur ‘yenture [‘ventfa] 0. a se aventura, a risca; (in text si) a indrazni woodwork ['wndwa:k] s. lemnarie PHRASES ‘as usual — ca de obicei the last but one — penultimul T for one — eu unuljuna honest! — ziu_asa! pe cuvint de onoare! to put on en air of importance — a lua un aer important, a face pe importantul sorry to have kept you waiting — imi pare rau cd y-am ficut s& asteptagi in addition — in plus just the same — (absolut) la fel, identic unquote — am incheiat citatul Pve a feeling (that)... — am impresia/senza- fia/sentimentul c&.. to be recorded on tape — a fi inregistrat pe band& (magnetica) to play back the tape-recorder — a pune/a asculta banda din nou to make one’s contribution (to) — a-si aduce contributia (la) suppose you say something about... — ce-ar fi 4 spui (clte) ceva despre that’s good guess! — ai ghicit (bine)! to take offence — a se ofensa under consideration — (aflat) in discutie T daresay — dupa toate probabilitatile, dupa clte se pare, dupa cit imi dau seama THE MODAL (DEFECTIVE) VERBS Dare The six friends are all in the dining-recess of Eva’s flat, as the walls and. woodwork in her bed-sitting-room are just being painted. As usual, Eva, in her capacity as hos- tess, is the first to speak. 369Eva: The last but one modal verb on my list is dare. Now who dare speak about this verb? (Maliciously.) Surely not Adrian! Adrian (rather aggressively): Eva, do you dare me to speak about this verb? Eva (defiantly): Yes, 1 do. ‘Adrian (resolutely): All right, I accept your challenge. Liza (obviously surprised): Adrian, do you really dare to speak about it? Adrian: Of course I do. You don’t think I have the courage to, eh? Liza (embarrassed): Well, it’s a difficult verb, you know. J for one don’t dare to say au about it. And I think Diana daren’t say a word about it, either. Dare you, iana Diana: No, I daren’t. That’s why I am very surprised myself at seeing Adrian so rave. Adrian (pretending to be offended): Hey, I say, are you mocking me, both of you? How dare Diana (simp! Wy: " No, we aren’t, honest! Eoa (putting on an air of importance): Adrian, 1 dared you to speak about a diffi- cult modal verb and you said you accepted my challenge. Now speak. I'm wait- ing. Adrian (in a detached manner): 0. K. Sorry to have kept you waiting. Well, dare can be treated as a “full” verb, or as a “defective” verb. In both cases, it has the same meaning, viz. to venture (to), to have the courage or impudence (to), to be brave (or bold) enough (to) and it is only used in interrogative and negative sentences. Eva: Er, yes. Er, of course, you could also speak of the “full” verb to dare and of the modal (defective) verb dare, and say that there are no lexical and syntac- tical differences between them. But, morphologically speaking, are the two verbs just the same? Adrian: Why, certainly not. As a “full” verb to dare is quite regular. It mak Past tense and Past Participle (one form only) by adding -ed to the Infi (e. g. to dare — dared — dared). In addition, it behaves like an ordinary verb, it takes -s in the third person singular of the Present Indicative; it makes its inter- rogative and negative with to do; and, lastly, it is followed by an Infinitive with to. Eoa: I can see that you have adopted Liza's precise way of presenting things. Very good. Now kindly give us a few examples. Adrian: I shall quote Liza, if she doesn’t mind. Liza (amused): On the contrary, I'll be delighted. ‘Adrian: A few minutes ago, Liza asked me (quote) “Do you really dare to speak about it?” (unquote). I interpreted her words as meaning “Do you really have the courage to speak about it?” Eva: And that’s precisely what was meant. Adrian: Yes, 1 know. And then Liza said, “J for one don’t dare to say a word about it”, meaning that she wouldn’t venture to speak about a grammatical problem which she felt she was unsure of. Eva; Liza is always very modest, I might even say rather too modest. Very good, Adrian, Thank you. Any other meaning of to dare that you may have noticed? Paul? Paul: The “full” verb to dare has a second meaning which its defective counterpart dare has not. And this is to challenge. You remember that at the beginning of our talk Adrian asked Liza if she dared him to speak about today’s topic, and added that he accepted her challenge. And then, twenty seconds later, Eva confirmed having challenged Adrian to speak about what she regarded as being a difficult 370