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Numarul de cilindrii :
i= 4
Temperatura initiala :
T0= 293 [K]
Presiunea initiala :
p0= 102000 [N/m2] 1.02 *10⁵[N/m²]
Raportul de comprimare :
e= 16.00
Presiunea de admisie :
Pt. MAS sau MAC supraalimentate :
pa= (1,2…2,2)X10⁵ [N/m²]
Adoptam :
pa= 140000 [N/m²] 1.4 *10⁵[N/m²]
Preincalzirea :
Pt. MAC DT= 10…25⁰ [K]
Adoptam :
DT= 15 [K]
Coeficientul de postumplere :
np= 1,05…1,5
Adoptam :
np= 1.30
Temperatura de admisie :
T 0 + Δt + γ r ∗T r
T A=
1+ γ r
Ta= 315.48 [K]
Coeficientul de umplere :
p A * T0 e p
hv = * *
p 0 * TA e 1 1 g r
hv= 1.745
pC = p A ∗ε n 1
pc= 6077587.38696557 [N/m²] 60.77587 *10⁵[N/m²]
Compozitia combustibilului :
c: 0.875 [Kg] carbon
H: 0.133 [Kg] hidrogen
O: 0.010 [Kg] oxigen
Qi= 41868 [KJ/Kg] puterea calorifica inferioara
Pt. MAC
h o
L+ +
4 32
μ0 =
L
m0= 1.045
(1)&(2)=> a= -0.002247*μ_F
b= -R_M∗μ_F-26,133∗μ_F
μ_F= 1.045
R_M= 8.314
Q_i= 41868
ξ= 0.850
λ= 1.50
L_min=
γ_r= 0.504
0.01280133
〖C
34.894
′ 〗 _μv^
1.4
=
856
π=
T_c=
a= -0.0025799347
b= -35.9805145313
c= 86303.8670812195
Δ= 2185.230794683
sqrt(Δ)= 46.7464522149
1.5 Destinderea
Pt. MAC
p_d=p_z/δ^(n_
2)
pd= 599396 [N/m²] 5.993956 *10⁵[N/m²]
Pt. MAC
T_d=T_z/δ^(n_
2-1)
Td= 1293 [K]
Gradul de destindere prealabila δ se calculeaza astfel :
ρ=μ/π*T_
z/T_c
ρ= 1.82
δ= ε/ρ
δ= 9
Randamentul mecanic
hm= 0.8
[ ( )]
pc π 1 1 1
Pt. MAC
pi '=
ε−1 n2 −1
1− n −1 −
ε2 n 1−1 )
1− n −1
ε1 (
[ )]
p π∗ρ 1 1 1
pi '= c π ( ρ−1 )+
ε−1 n 2−1
1− n −1 −
δ 2 (
n 1−1
1− n −1
δ1 ) (
pi'= 2305448 [N/m²] 23.05448 *10⁵[N/m²]
Randamentul indicat
p i∗M ip∗T 0
ηi =R M
p 0∗η v∗Q inf
hi= 0.53
pe=ηm∗pi
pe= 1696809 [N/m²] 16.96809 *10⁵[N/m²]
Randamenrul efectiv
ηe =ηm∗ηi
he= 0.4242
Consumul specific efectiv de combustibil
3600
c e=
η e∗Q inf
ce= 203 [g/KWh]
Raportul S/D
f= 0.8
Alezajul
D=
√
3 4∗V h
D= 87.0803
π∗ϕ
[mm]
Cursa
S=ϕ∗D
S= 69.664 [mm]
S∗n
W m ,=
30
Wm= 8.7080 [m/s]
Volumul total
V t =i∗V h
Vt= 1.660 [l]
Puterea litrica
Pe
Pl=
Vt
Pl= 53.025 [KW/l]
Raza manivelei
R= S/2 [mm]
R= 34.8321190997 [mm]
α Xp Vx px
⁰RAC [mm] [l] *10⁵[N/m²]
0 0.0000 0.02766 105000
10 0.6751 0.03168 140000
20 2.6665 0.04354 140000
30 5.8761 0.06266 140000
40 10.1480 0.08810 140000
50 15.2814 0.11867 140000
60 21.0444 0.15299 140000
70 27.1907 0.18960 140000
80 33.4755 0.22703 140000
90 39.6699 0.26392 140000
100 45.5726 0.29907 140000
110 51.0173 0.33150 140000
120 55.8765 0.36044 140000
130 60.0607 0.38536 140000
140 63.5139 0.40593 140000
150 66.2071 0.42197 140000
160 68.1295 0.43342 140000
170 69.2809 0.44027 140000
180 69.6642 0.44256 140000
190 69.2809 0.44027 140988.1
200 68.1295 0.43342 144030.5
210 66.2071 0.42197 149371.3
220 63.5139 0.40593 157454.8
230 60.0607 0.38536 168991.6
240 55.8765 0.36044 185076
250 51.0173 0.33150 207388.7
260 45.5726 0.29907 238553.2
270 39.6699 0.26392 282775.8
280 33.4755 0.22703 347037.1
290 27.1907 0.18960 443394.2
300 21.0444 0.15299 593596.8
310 15.2814 0.11867 838568.7
320 10.1480 0.08810 1257452
330 5.8761 0.06266 1998847
340 2.6665 0.04354 3279033
350 0.6751 0.03168 5053290
360 0.0000 0.02766 6077587
360 0.0000 0.02766 6077587
370 0.6751 0.03168 6077587
380 2.6665 0.04354 6077587
390 5.8761 0.06266 5053290
400 10.1480 0.08810 3279033
410 15.2814 0.11867 1998847
420 21.0444 0.15299 1257452
430 27.1907 0.18960 838568.7
440 33.4755 0.22703 593596.8
450 39.6699 0.26392 341448.6
460 45.5726 0.29907 303041.7
470 51.0173 0.33150 275538.1
480 55.8765 0.36044 255586.4
490 60.0607 0.38536 241051.1
500 63.5139 0.40593 230538
510 66.2071 0.42197 223124.7
520 68.1295 0.43342 218204.2
530 69.2809 0.44027 215392.8
540 69.6642 0.44256 214478.4
550 69.2809 0.44027 105000
560 68.1295 0.43342 105000
570 66.2071 0.42197 105000
580 63.5139 0.40593 105000
590 60.0607 0.38536 105000
600 55.8765 0.36044 105000
610 51.0173 0.33150 105000
620 45.5726 0.29907 105000
630 39.6699 0.26392 105000
640 33.4755 0.22703 105000
650 27.1907 0.18960 105000
660 21.0444 0.15299 105000
670 15.2814 0.11867 105000
680 10.1480 0.08810 105000
690 5.8761 0.06266 105000
700 2.6665 0.04354 105000
710 0.6751 0.03168 105000
720 0.0000 0.02766 105000
AMANCEI FLORIN
v+R_M)∗μ_F∗T_z
v+R_M)∗μ_F∗T_z)=0
*T_z+0.002615*μ_F "∗"
(λL_min (1+γ_r))+( 〖 C
7.077
Px
Diagrama indicată
7000000
5500000
6000000
5000000
4500000
5000000
4000000
3500000
4000000
p [N/m²]
Px
3000000
2500000
3000000
2000000
2000000
1500000
1000000
1000000
500000
0
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
0 volumul, [l]
0.00000 0.10000 0.20000 0.30000 0.40000 0.50000
Vx
Presiunea gazelor
Diagrama p=f(α)
7000000
6000000
5000000
px [N/m²]
4000000
px *10⁵[N/m²]
3000000
2000000
1000000
0
0 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720
α [⁰RAC]
CARACTERISTICA EXTERNĂ
Coeficientii alfa
α1= 0.75
α2= 1.5
α3= -1.25
α1+α2+α3= 1
90.00
80.00 200.00
Me (N*m) c (g/kW)
Pe (kW) C (kg/h)
70.00
60.00 150.00
50.00
40.00 100.00
30.00
20.00 50.00
10.00 Pe(kW)
C(kg/h)
Me(N*m
)
0.00 0.00 c(g/kW)
1000
1200
1400
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
1600
1800
2000
3400
3600
n (rot/min)
2 CALCULUL CINEMATIC SI DINAMIC AL MECANISMULUI BIELA-MANIVELA
π⋅n [rad/s]
ω=
30
ω= 392.6991
Raza manivelei sau distanţa între axa arborelui cotit şi axa fusului maneton
R= S/2
R= 34.8 [mm]
Lungimea bielei;
R 125.395628759 [mm]
L= =
λ
2.2 Expresia deplasării pistonului
λ
X p =R⋅[(1−cos ( α )+ ⋅(1−cos ( 2 α )]
4
Armonica de ordinul I
X pI =R⋅(1−cos (α ))
Armonica de ordinul II
λ
X pII = R⋅ ⋅( 1− cos( 2 α ))
4
2.3 Expresia vitezei pistonului
λ
V p =R⋅ω[(sin( α )+ ⋅sin(2 α )]
2
Armonica de ordinul I
V pI =R⋅ω⋅sin(α )
Armonica de ordinul II
λ
V pII = R⋅ω⋅ ⋅sin ( 2 α )
2
2.4 Expresia acceleraţiei pistonului
Pentru realizarea unei succesiuni optime de functionare a motorlui si o echilibrare naturala cat mai completa
a fortelor de inertie si momentelor acestora , trebue stabilita o anumita pozitie relativa a manivelelor arborelui cotit .
Succesiunea optima de functionare a cilindrilor se stabileste din conditia distrbutiei uniforme a exploziilor
succesive dintre doi cilindri vecini , pentru a nu rezulta sarcini medii prea mari pe fusurile palier dintre acestia .
Trebuie sa se aibe in vedere si circulatia incarcaturii proaspete in conducta de admisie , adica asigurarea
unui numar minim de schimbari de directie a curentului in conducta de admisie si evitarea interceptarii incarcaturii destinate
unui cilindru de catre un cilindru vecin cu canal de admisie mai scurt .Aceasta iterceptare provoaca o crestere
a neuniformitati umplerii cilindrilor .
Pentru o echilibrare naturala cat mai completa a fortelor de inertie si a momentelor acestor forte trebuie cautate
acele pozitii relative ale ale manivelelor arborelui cotit pentru care fortele centrifuge si fortele de inertie
de ordinul unu si doi se anuleaza reciproc .
Tinand seama de cele prezentate mai sus , pentu un motor cu numar cunoscut de cilindri si timpi , se stabileste
o anumita forma a arborelui cotit si o ordine de lucru optima a cilindrilor motorului .
Schema de asezare a manivelelor si ordinea de lucru pentru motoarele cu cilindrii in linie
α Xp Vp ap
⁰RAC [mm] [m/s] [m/s²]
0 0.0000 0.0000 6863.6479
10 0.6751 6.0500 6692.0575
20 2.6665 11.7990 6190.6193
30 5.8761 16.9691 5397.9479
40 10.1480 21.3267 4373.9464
50 15.2814 24.6986 3193.6662
60 21.0444 26.9825 1939.7266
70 27.1907 28.1496 694.1656
80 33.4755 28.2410 -469.3529
90 39.6699 27.3571 -1492.0974
100 45.5726 25.6419 -2334.8729
110 51.0173 23.2649 -2980.1914
120 55.8765 20.4014 -3431.8240
130 60.0607 17.2149 -3711.8661
140 63.5139 13.8429 -3855.7465
150 66.2071 10.3880 -3905.8506
160 68.1295 6.9143 -3904.5935
170 69.2809 3.4510 -3887.8317
180 69.6642 0.0000 -3879.4532
190 69.2809 -3.4510 -3887.8317
200 68.1295 -6.9143 -3904.5935
210 66.2071 -10.3880 -3905.8506
220 63.5139 -13.8429 -3855.7465
230 60.0607 -17.2149 -3711.8661
240 55.8765 -20.4014 -3431.8240
250 51.0173 -23.2649 -2980.1914
260 45.5726 -25.6419 -2334.8729
270 39.6699 -27.3571 -1492.0974
280 33.4755 -28.2410 -469.3529
290 27.1907 -28.1496 694.1656
300 21.0444 -26.9825 1939.7266
310 15.2814 -24.6986 3193.6662
320 10.1480 -21.3267 4373.9464
330 5.8761 -16.9691 5397.9479
340 2.6665 -11.7990 6190.6193
350 0.6751 -6.0500 6692.0575
360 0.0000 0.0000 6863.6479
370 0.6751 6.0500 6692.0575
380 2.6665 11.7990 6190.6193
390 5.8761 16.9691 5397.9479
400 10.1480 21.3267 4373.9464
410 15.2814 24.6986 3193.6662
420 21.0444 26.9825 1939.7266
430 27.1907 28.1496 694.1656
440 33.4755 28.2410 -469.3529
450 39.6699 27.3571 -1492.0974
460 45.5726 25.6419 -2334.8729
470 51.0173 23.2649 -2980.1914
480 55.8765 20.4014 -3431.8240
490 60.0607 17.2149 -3711.8661
500 63.5139 13.8429 -3855.7465
510 66.2071 10.3880 -3905.8506
520 68.1295 6.9143 -3904.5935
530 69.2809 3.4510 -3887.8317
540 69.6642 0.0000 -3879.4532
550 69.2809 -3.4510 -3887.8317
560 68.1295 -6.9143 -3904.5935
570 66.2071 -10.3880 -3905.8506
580 63.5139 -13.8429 -3855.7465
590 60.0607 -17.2149 -3711.8661
600 55.8765 -20.4014 -3431.8240
610 51.0173 -23.2649 -2980.1914
620 45.5726 -25.6419 -2334.8729
630 39.6699 -27.3571 -1492.0974
640 33.4755 -28.2410 -469.3529
650 27.1907 -28.1496 694.1656
660 21.0444 -26.9825 1939.7266
670 15.2814 -24.6986 3193.6662
680 10.1480 -21.3267 4373.9464
690 5.8761 -16.9691 5397.9479
700 2.6665 -11.7990 6190.6193
710 0.6751 -6.0500 6692.0575
720 0.0000 0.0000 6863.6479
t mai completa
r arborelui cotit .
ntre acestia .
asigurarea
tarii incarcaturii destinate
o crestere
e trebuie cautate
mpi , se stabileste
Deplasarea pistonului [Xp], Viteza pistonului [Vp], Acceleratia pistonului [ap]
80.0000 8000.0000
6000.0000
60.0000
Xp [mm], Wp [m/s]
4000.0000
40.0000
ap [m/s²]
2000.0000
20.0000
0.0000
0.0000
90
0
180
270
360
450
630
720
540
-2000.0000 Xp
Vp
ap
-20.0000
-4000.0000
α [⁰RAC]
-40.0000 -6000.0000
3 Calculul dinamic al mecanismului bielă-manivelă
Asupra mecanismului bielă - manivelă , acţioneaza forţele date de presiunea gazelor din cilindru şi
forţele de inerţie ale maselor mecanismului aflate in mişcare . Forţele de frecare vor fi considerate neglijabile .
Forţele de inertie sunt constituite din fortele de inertie ale maselor aflate in miscare alternativa de translatie
si fortele de inertie ale maselor aflate in miscare de rotatie .
Pentru calculul organelor mecanismului biela – manivela , al sarcinilor din lagare , pentru cercetarea oscilatilor
de torsiune , etc , trebue determinate valorile maxime , minime si medii ale acestor forte . De aceea marimile
fortelor se vor determina pentru o serie de poziti succesive ale mecanismului , functie de unghiul de
rotatie al arborelui cotit.
Pentru determinarea fortelor din elementele mecanismului biela – manivela este recomandabil sa se inceapa cu
determinarea fortelor care actioneaza dupa axa cilindrului , cercetand separat fortele de presiune a gazelor si
fortele de inertie .
F g = pg⋅A p [N]
π⋅D 2
A p= =
4
2
π⋅D
A p= = 0.0059556572 [m2]
4
D= 0.08708 [m]
Forta de presiune a gazelor este indreptata dupa axa cilindrului si poate fi considerata in axa boltului de piston .
Aceasta forta este considerata pozitiva cand este orientata spre axa arborelui cotit si negativa cand este
orintata invers.Calculul valorilor fortei de presiune a gazelor se face tabelar.Se construeste curba F g=f(α)
Fortele de inertie sunt produse de masele aflate in miscare accelerata si anume :piston asamblat (piston , bolt ,
segmenti , sigurantele boltului ) , biela si arbore cotit. Fortele de inertie sunt indreptate in sens opuus acceleratiei si
sunt date de formula generala :
F=−m⋅a[ N ]
m – masa elementelor in miscare , in [Kg]
a - acceleratia maselor , in [m/s²]
In functie de felul miscarii elementelor mecanismului motor distingem urmatoarele tipuri de forte de inertie :
Aceste forte sunt produse de masele pistonului asmblat (piston , segmenti , bolt si sigurantele acestuia )
si o parte din masa bielei si sunt considerate concentrate in axa boltului .
Determinarea fortelor de inertie ale maselor aflate in miscare de translatie se face cu relatia :
F j=−m ⋅a
j p[ N ]
mj - masele piselor în mişcare de translaţie
ap - acceleraţia pistonului
m j =m p + m1 b [ Kg ]
mp - masa pistonului asamblat, in [Kg]
m1b - masa bielei concentrata in axa boltului si care se considera ca executa miscare de translatie , in [Kg]
Fortele de inertie Fj se pot exprima , tinand seama de expresia acceleratiei pistonului pentru mecanismul biele – manivela
2
F j=−m ⋅R⋅ω
j ⋅( cos α + λ⋅cos 2 α ) [ N ]
Calculul valorilor fortelor Fj se face tabelar si se construeste curba
F j=f ( α )
Fortele de inertie ale maselor in miscare de rotatie
Aceste forte sunt produse de o parte din masa bielei si masa neechilibrata a unui cot al arborelui cotit
(masa manetonului si masele reduse ale celor doua brate ).
Fortele de inertie ale maselor in miscare de rotatie se determina cu relatiile :
dω forta tangentiala
Ft =−m r⋅R⋅ [ N ]
dt
mr -masa se miscare de rotatie ,
R - raza manivelei, în [m]
ω - viteza unghiulară a arborelui
In cazul vitezei unghiulare constante , dω / dt=0 , deci fortele tangentiale sunt nule. In consecinta ,
fortele de inertie ale maselor in miscare de rotatie sunt fortele centrifuge ce actioneaza pe
directia razei manivelei si raman constante ca marime.
m 1b =0,275⋅m b m 2b = 0,725⋅m b
In aceste conditii , masa elementelor aflate in miscare de translatie alternativa se poate determina cu
relatia :
m j =m p + m1 b =m p +0, 275⋅m b
mp - masa pistonului asamblat
mb - masa bielei
Masele rotitoare mr, sunt constituite din masa fusului maneton mm, masa bratului de
manivela redusa la raza R si componenta m2b a bielei , adica:
m r =m m +2⋅( mbr ) R + m2 b
Masa bratelor manivelei avand centrul de masa la raza r fata de axa arborelui cotit ,
se poate reduce la raza R a manivelei pornind de la egalitatea :
2 2
( m br ) R⋅R⋅ω = mbr⋅ρ⋅ω
de unde se obtine :
ρ
( mbr ) R=mbr⋅R [ Kg ]
ρ
( mbr ) R=mbr⋅R [ Kg ]
ρ - reprezintă distanţa de la axa arborelui cotit la centrul de greutate al bratului
F= F g + F j [ N ]
Calculul fortei F se face se face tabelar si se construeste curba F=f(α)
.
N = F⋅tg β [ N ]
F
B= [N ]
cos β
pcart.=1*105 [N/m2]= 100000 [N/m2]
mj=mp+mb= 2 [Kg]
α pind pg Fg Fj F
⁰ RAC [N/m²] [N/m²] [N] [N] [N]
0 105000 5000 29.77828598 -13727.295881 -13697.51759
10 140000 40000 238.2262878 -13384.11507 -13145.88878
20 140000 40000 238.2262878 -12381.238661 -12143.01237
30 140000 40000 238.2262878 -10795.895867 -10557.66958
40 140000 40000 238.2262878 -8747.8928991 -8509.666611
50 140000 40000 238.2262878 -6387.3323108 -6149.106023
60 140000 40000 238.2262878 -3879.4531836 -3641.226896
70 140000 40000 238.2262878 -1388.3311757 -1150.104888
80 140000 40000 238.2262878 938.705859147 1176.932147
90 140000 40000 238.2262878 2984.19475665 3222.421044
100 140000 40000 238.2262878 4669.74572447 4907.972012
110 140000 40000 238.2262878 5960.38279668 6198.609085
120 140000 40000 238.2262878 6863.64794029 7101.874228
130 140000 40000 238.2262878 7423.73227337 7661.958561
140 140000 40000 238.2262878 7711.49293656 7949.719224
150 140000 40000 238.2262878 7811.70111042 8049.927398
160 140000 40000 238.2262878 7809.18704 8047.413328
170 140000 40000 238.2262878 7775.66348643 8013.889774
180 140000 40000 238.2262878 7758.90636728 7997.132655
190 140988 40988.140599 244.1113145 7775.66348643 8019.774801
200 144031 44030.500665 262.2305681 7809.18704 8071.417608
210 149371 49371.277387 294.0384034 7811.70111042 8105.739514
220 157455 57454.764823 342.1808835 7711.49293656 8053.67382
230 168992 68991.622578 410.8904534 7423.73227337 7834.622727
240 185076 85076.018413 506.6836012 6863.64794029 7370.331542
250 207389 107388.73423 639.5704877 5960.38279668 6599.953284
260 238553 138553.20052 825.1753656 4669.74572447 5494.92109
270 282776 182775.80333 1088.550028 2984.19475665 4072.744785
280 347037 247037.14158 1471.26853 938.705859147 2409.974389
290 443394 343394.23415 2045.138341 -1388.3311757 656.8071658
300 593597 493596.78537 2939.693246 -3879.4531836 -939.7599372
310 838569 738568.66212 4398.661767 -6387.3323108 -1988.670544
320 1257452 1157452.4635 6893.390092 -8747.8928991 -1854.502807
330 1998847 1898846.6869 11308.87993 -10795.895867 512.9840669
340 3279033 3179033.0738 18933.2312 -12381.238661 6551.99254
350 5053290 4953290.08 29500.09771 -13384.11507 16115.98264
360 6077587 5977587.387 35600.46133 -13727.295881 21873.16545
360 6077587 5977587.387 35600.46133 -13384.11507 22216.34626
370 6077587 5977587.387 35600.46133 -13384.11507 22216.34626
380 6077587 5977587.387 35600.46133 -12381.238661 23219.22267
390 5053290 4953290.08 29500.09771 -10795.895867 18704.20184
400 3279033 3179033.0738 18933.2312 -8747.8928991 10185.3383
410 1998847 1898846.6869 11308.87993 -6387.3323108 4921.547623
420 1257452 1157452.4635 6893.390092 -3879.4531836 3013.936909
430 838569 738568.66212 4398.661767 -1388.3311757 3010.330591
440 593597 493596.78537 2939.693246 938.705859147 3878.399106
450 341449 241448.64527 1437.985361 2984.19475665 4422.180118
460 303042 203041.68269 1209.246658 4669.74572447 5878.992383
470 275538 175538.10744 1045.444793 5960.38279668 7005.827589
480 255586 155586.43896 926.6194947 6863.64794029 7790.267435
490 241051 141051.10972 840.0520565 7423.73227337 8263.78433
500 230538 130537.97712 777.4394427 7711.49293656 8488.932379
510 223125 123124.70489 733.2885346 7811.70111042 8544.989645
520 218204 118204.16548 703.9834886 7809.18704 8513.170529
530 215393 115392.82728 687.2401221 7775.66348643 8462.903609
540 214478 114478.38329 681.7940072 7758.90636728 8440.700374
550 105000 5000 29.77828598 7775.66348643 7805.441772
560 105000 5000 29.77828598 7809.18704 7838.965326
570 105000 5000 29.77828598 7811.70111042 7841.479396
580 105000 5000 29.77828598 7711.49293656 7741.271223
590 105000 5000 29.77828598 7423.73227337 7453.510559
600 105000 5000 29.77828598 6863.64794029 6893.426226
610 105000 5000 29.77828598 5960.38279668 5990.161083
620 105000 5000 29.77828598 4669.74572447 4699.52401
630 105000 5000 29.77828598 2984.19475665 3013.973043
640 105000 5000 29.77828598 938.705859147 968.4841451
650 105000 5000 29.77828598 -1388.3311757 -1358.55289
660 105000 5000 29.77828598 -3879.4531836 -3849.674898
670 105000 5000 29.77828598 -6387.3323108 -6357.554025
680 105000 5000 29.77828598 -8747.8928991 -8718.114613
690 105000 5000 29.77828598 -10795.895867 -10766.11758
700 105000 5000 29.77828598 -12381.238661 -12351.46038
710 105000 5000 29.77828598 -13384.11507 -13354.33678
720 105000 5000 29.77828598 -13727.295881 -13697.51759
sin ( α−β )
M=T⋅R=F⋅ ⋅R [ N⋅m]
cos β
Raza manivelei R , in [m], fiind constanta , curba de variatie a momentului motor functie de unghiul de
rotatie al manivelei este identica cu cea a fortei tangentiale T , evident la o scara adecvata .
Momentul total al motorului se obtine prin insumarea momentelor obtinute pentru fiecare cilindru al
motorului tinand cont de ordinae de functionare a acestora si de configuratia arborelui cotit .
De asemanea , se poate obtine suma momentelor ce actioneaza asupra fiecarei fus palier al arborelui
cotit .Se stabileste variatia momentului motor total de unghiul α de rotatie a arborelui cotit , precum
si valoarea momentului mediu .Cu valoarea momentului mediu se calculeaza putera dezvoltata de motor
care se compara cu puterea obtinuta la calculul termic . Ca pozitie de pornire (α=0) se considera pozitia
corespunzatoare p.m.s a primului cilindru , aflat la admisie .
β=arcsin( λ⋅sin α )
α β N S T Z M
⁰ RAC ⁰ [N] [N] [N] [N] [N*m]
0 0.0000 0.0000 -13697.5176 0.0000 -13697.5176 0.0000
10 2.7648 -634.8389 -13161.2086 -2907.9539 -12835.9346 -101290.1952
20 5.4516 -1158.8961 -12198.1880 -5242.1610 -11014.3333 -182595.5747
30 7.9836 -1480.6939 -10660.9963 -6561.1533 -8402.8631 -228538.8747
40 10.2854 -1544.2341 -8648.6464 -6652.8602 -5526.1683 -231733.2192
50 12.2859 -1339.1381 -6293.2341 -5571.2699 -2926.7299 -194059.1351
60 13.9197 -902.4446 -3751.3917 -3604.6173 -1039.0735 -125556.4585
70 15.1309 -310.9884 -1191.4088 -1187.1094 -101.1256 -41349.5346
80 15.8761 334.7268 1223.6059 1217.1766 -125.2694 42396.8405
90 16.1276 931.7871 3354.4336 3222.4210 -931.7871 112243.7536
100 15.8761 1395.8577 5102.6080 4591.0207 -2226.9119 159914.9810
110 15.1309 1676.1039 6421.2210 5251.5259 -3695.0716 182921.7765
120 13.9197 1760.1342 7316.7404 5270.3364 -5075.2580 183576.9854
130 12.2859 1668.6036 7841.5462 4796.8431 -6203.2365 167084.2091
140 10.2854 1442.6214 8079.5540 4004.8689 -7017.1374 139498.0698
150 7.9836 1128.9877 8128.7111 3047.2317 -7535.9355 106141.5379
160 5.4516 768.0233 8083.9793 2030.6717 -7824.7743 70732.5973
170 2.7648 387.0053 8023.2289 1010.4715 -7959.3435 35196.8648
180 0.0000 0.0000 7997.1327 0.0000 -7997.1327 0.0000
190 -2.7648 -387.2895 8029.1208 -1011.2136 -7965.1885 -35222.7118
200 -5.4516 -770.3142 8108.0926 -2036.7289 -7848.1145 -70943.5825
210 -7.9836 -1136.8152 8185.0694 -3068.3589 -7588.1839 -106877.4431
220 -10.2854 -1461.4859 8185.2064 -4057.2386 -7108.8971 -141322.2179
230 -12.2859 -1706.2060 8018.2574 -4904.9411 -6343.0280 -170849.4939
240 -13.9197 -1826.6689 7593.3198 -5469.5599 -5267.1074 -190516.3626
250 -15.1309 -1784.6273 6836.9787 -5591.5489 -3934.3181 -194765.4971
260 -15.8761 -1562.7897 5712.8338 -5140.0653 -2493.2305 -179039.3669
270 -16.1276 -1177.6646 4239.5924 -4072.7448 -1177.6646 -141862.3314
280 -15.8761 -685.4117 2505.5470 -2492.3820 -256.5111 -86814.9451
290 -15.1309 -177.6007 680.3952 -677.9398 57.7513 -23614.0816
300 -13.9197 232.9109 -968.1922 930.3114 -268.1733 32404.7177
310 -12.2859 433.0881 -2035.2827 1801.7937 -946.5281 62760.2914
320 -10.2854 336.5333 -1884.7905 1449.8509 -1204.3121 50501.3798
330 -7.9836 -71.9451 518.0046 -318.7983 408.2847 -11104.4204
340 -5.4516 -625.3044 6581.7636 -2828.5073 5942.9924 -98522.9041
350 -2.7648 -778.2701 16134.7637 -3564.9574 15735.9995 -124175.0219
360 0.0000 0.0000 21873.1655 0.0000 21873.1655 0.0000
370 2.7648 1072.8677 22242.2365 4914.3965 21692.5285 171178.8444
380 5.4516 2215.9795 23324.7265 10023.7815 21061.0226 349149.5502
390 7.9836 2623.2302 18887.2577 11623.8849 14886.6988 404884.5448
400 10.2854 1848.3153 10351.6852 7962.9009 6614.3477 277364.7125
410 12.2859 1071.8032 5036.9031 4459.0660 2342.4609 155318.7197
420 13.9197 746.9765 3105.1231 2983.6342 860.0678 103926.3016
430 15.1309 813.9934 3118.4412 3107.1876 264.6901 108229.9277
440 15.8761 1103.0408 4032.2052 4011.0185 -412.8062 139712.2753
450 16.1276 1278.7064 4603.3430 4422.1801 -1278.7064 154033.9046
460 15.8761 1672.0220 6112.1362 5499.3337 -2667.4965 191553.4467
470 15.1309 1894.3758 7257.4293 5935.4098 -4176.2651 206742.9017
480 13.9197 1930.7461 8025.9608 5781.1964 -5567.2089 201371.3233
490 12.2859 1799.6678 8457.4781 5173.6219 -6690.4837 180208.2142
500 10.2854 1540.4715 8627.5736 4276.5109 -7493.0955 148959.9379
510 7.9836 1198.4192 8628.6185 3234.6333 -7999.3877 112669.1332
520 5.4516 812.4739 8551.8528 2148.2001 -8277.6460 74826.3620
530 2.7648 408.6890 8472.7660 1067.0877 -8405.3012 37168.9258
540 0.0000 0.0000 8440.7004 0.0000 -8440.7004 0.0000
550 -2.7648 -376.9390 7814.5380 -984.1883 -7752.3143 -34281.3648
560 -5.4516 -748.1296 7874.5841 -1978.0722 -7622.0932 -68900.4473
570 -7.9836 -1099.7532 7918.2230 -2968.3255 -7340.7970 -103393.0669
580 -10.2854 -1404.7948 7867.7016 -3899.8580 -6833.1425 -135840.3188
590 -12.2859 -1623.2083 7628.2124 -4666.3422 -6034.4739 -162538.5869
600 -13.9197 -1708.4723 7101.9858 -5115.6461 -4926.2935 -178188.7943
610 -15.1309 -1619.7395 6205.2869 -5074.9266 -3570.8130 -176770.4483
620 -15.8761 -1336.5738 4885.8935 -4396.0341 -2132.3321 -153123.1823
630 -16.1276 -871.5128 3137.4461 -3013.9730 -871.5128 -104983.0680
640 -15.8761 -275.4429 1006.8914 -1001.6009 -103.0828 -34887.8802
650 -15.1309 367.3527 -1407.3429 1402.2641 -119.4538 48843.8318
660 -13.9197 954.1065 -3966.1462 3810.9695 -1098.5570 132744.1438
670 -12.2859 1384.5334 -6506.5679 5760.1298 -3025.9428 200637.5285
680 -10.2854 1582.0608 -8860.4988 6815.8249 -5661.5342 237409.6257
690 -7.9836 1509.9284 -10871.4843 6690.6951 -8568.7671 233051.0894
700 -5.4516 1178.7898 -12407.5831 5332.1483 -11203.4063 185730.0262
710 -2.7648 644.9052 -13369.8995 2954.0639 -13039.4678 102896.3049
720 0.0000 0.0000 -13697.5176 0.0000 -13697.5176 0.0000
M 0 −1 = M
S
M 1 =T ( 0∘ )⋅
2
S
M 2 =T (540 ∘ )⋅
2
M 1− 2 = M 2 + M 0− 1
S
M 3 =T ( 180∘ )⋅
2
M 1− 3 = M 3 + M 1− 2
∘ S
M 4 =T ( 360 )⋅
2
M 1− 4 = M 4 + M 1− 3
Rm = √ ( T 2 + Z 2 )
R p= √( T '
2 2
+Z ' )
Mm med= 91524.66 Nm
in cilindru şi
derate neglijabile .
nativa de translatie
ru cercetarea oscilatilor
e aceea marimile
andabil sa se inceapa cu
siune a gazelor si
n axa boltului de piston .
gativa cand este
urba F g=f(α)
ri de forte de inertie :
care de rotatie ( F r )
rantele acestuia )
arborelui cotit
In consecinta ,
componente este :
e determina cu
i una tangentiala,
de unghiul de
e cilindru al
alier al arborelui
tata de motor
dera pozitia
Z2 T1/2 Z1/2 T2/2 Z2/2 T' Z' Rm Rp
[N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N]
8440.700374 0 6848.7587973 0 4220.35 2628.409 5.168438E-13 13697.52 2628.409
7752.314338 -1453.977 6417.967291 -492.0942 3876.157 2541.81 961.88276964 13161.21 2717.723
7622.093249 -2621.08 5507.1666537 -989.0361 3811.047 1696.12 1632.0443659 12198.19 2353.804
7340.796961 -3280.577 4201.4315486 -1484.163 3670.398 531.0331 1796.4139284 10661 1873.259
6833.142463 -3326.43 2763.0841377 -1949.929 3416.571 -653.4871 1376.5010991 8648.646 1523.746
6034.473904 -2785.635 1463.3649456 -2333.171 3017.237 -1553.872 452.46383224 6293.234 1618.407
4926.293493 -1802.309 519.53675739 -2557.823 2463.147 -1943.61 -755.5144086 3751.392 2085.287
3570.813046 -593.5547 50.562786472 -2537.463 1785.407 -1734.844 -1943.908629 1191.409 2605.468
2132.332061 608.5883 62.634721631 -2198.017 1066.166 -1003.531 -2806.605337 1223.606 2980.622
871.5128075 1611.211 465.89355177 -1506.987 435.7564 30.13715 -3118.197044 3354.434 3118.343
103.0828073 2295.51 1113.4559641 -500.8004 51.5414 1061.915 -2796.310795 5102.608 2991.156
119.4538349 2625.763 1847.5358073 701.1321 59.72692 1787.809 -1924.63089 6421.221 2626.874
1098.556981 2635.168 2537.629014 1905.485 549.2785 1988.351 -729.683449 7316.74 2118.012
3025.942849 2398.422 3101.6182656 2880.065 1512.971 1588.647 481.64338332 7841.546 1660.054
5661.534182 2002.434 3508.5687117 3407.912 2830.767 677.8016 1405.478024 8079.554 1560.379
8568.767136 1523.616 3767.9677261 3345.348 4284.384 -516.4158 1821.7317069 8128.711 1893.513
11203.40631 1015.336 3912.3871738 2666.074 5601.703 -1689.316 1650.7383393 8083.979 2361.933
13039.46779 505.2358 3979.6717733 1477.032 6519.734 -2540.062 971.79617224 8023.229 2719.615
13697.51759 0 3998.5663275 0 6848.759 -2850.192 8.387311E-13 7997.133 2850.192
12835.93458 -505.6068 3982.5942586 -1453.977 6417.967 -2435.373 -948.3701415 8029.121 2613.513
11014.33331 -1018.364 3924.0572638 -2621.08 5507.167 -1583.109 -1602.716044 8108.093 2252.761
8402.863097 -1534.179 3794.091968 -3280.577 4201.432 -407.3396 -1746.397216 8185.069 1793.273
5526.168275 -2028.619 3554.4485511 -3326.43 2763.084 791.3644 -1297.810808 8185.206 1520.056
2926.729891 -2452.471 3171.5140143 -2785.635 1463.365 1708.149 -333.1643578 8018.257 1740.337
1039.073515 -2734.78 2633.5537017 -1802.309 519.5368 2114.017 932.47131917 7593.32 2310.535
101.1255729 -2795.774 1967.1590599 -593.5547 50.56279 1916.596 2202.2197689 6836.979 2919.437
125.2694433 -2570.033 1246.6152302 608.5883 62.63472 1183.981 3178.6209555 5712.834 3391.967
931.7871035 -2036.372 588.8322808 1611.211 465.8936 122.9387 3647.5829147 4239.592 3649.654
2226.911928 -1246.191 128.25554589 2295.51 1113.456 -985.2004 3541.7013449 2505.547 3676.176
3695.071615 -338.9699 -28.87562763 2625.763 1847.536 -1876.411 2964.7328878 680.3952 3508.641
5075.258028 465.1557 134.08662642 2635.168 2537.629 -2403.542 2170.0125002 968.1922 3238.205
6203.236531 900.8968 473.26404057 2398.422 3101.618 -2628.354 1497.5247053 2035.283 3025.033
7017.137423 724.9255 602.15605646 2002.434 3508.569 -2906.413 1277.508982 1884.791 3174.786
7535.935452 -159.3992 -204.1423466 1523.616 3767.968 -3972.11 1683.0150059 518.0046 4313.954
7824.774348 -1414.254 -2971.496176 1015.336 3912.387 -6883.883 2429.5894963 6581.764 7300.052
7959.343547 -1782.479 -7867.999732 505.2358 3979.672 -11847.67 2287.714484 16134.76 12066.52
7997.132655 0 -10936.58273 0 3998.566 -14935.15 4.896831E-13 21873.17 14935.15
7965.188517 2457.198 -10846.26426 -505.6068 3982.594 -14828.86 -2962.805042 22242.24 15121.95
7848.114528 5011.891 -10530.51128 -1018.364 3924.057 -14454.57 -6030.255173 23324.73 15662.01
7588.183936 5811.942 -7443.349416 -1534.179 3794.092 -11237.44 -7346.121928 18887.26 13425.56
7108.897102 3981.45 -3307.173827 -2028.619 3554.449 -6861.622 -6010.069747 10351.69 9121.557
6343.028029 2229.533 -1171.230459 -2452.471 3171.514 -4342.744 -4682.003594 5036.903 6385.968
5267.107403 1491.817 -430.0339016 -2734.78 2633.554 -3063.588 -4226.597058 3105.123 5220.124
3934.31812 1553.594 -132.3450622 -2795.774 1967.159 -2099.504 -4349.368237 3118.441 4829.588
2493.23046 2005.509 206.40310402 -2570.033 1246.615 -1040.212 -4575.541921 4032.205 4692.294
1177.664562 2211.09 639.35319854 -2036.372 588.8323 50.52092 -4247.462452 4603.343 4247.763
256.5110918 2749.667 1333.74826 -1246.191 128.2555 1205.493 -3995.857832 6112.136 4173.738
-57.7512553 2967.705 2088.1325398 -338.9699 -28.87563 2117.008 -3306.674834 7257.429 3926.299
268.1732528 2890.598 2783.604445 465.1557 134.0866 2649.518 -2425.442522 8025.961 3592.035
946.5280811 2586.811 3345.2418485 900.8968 473.264 2871.978 -1685.914119 8457.478 3330.25
1204.312113 2138.255 3746.5477334 724.9255 602.1561 3144.392 -1413.330004 8627.574 3447.419
-408.284693 1617.317 3999.6938618 -159.3992 -204.1423 4203.836 -1776.715812 8628.618 4563.875
-5942.99235 1074.1 4138.8229767 -1414.254 -2971.496 7110.319 -2488.353717 8551.853 7533.163
-15735.9995 533.5438 4202.6505929 -1782.479 -7868 12070.65 -2316.022566 8472.766 12290.83
-21873.1655 0 4220.3501872 0 -10936.58 15156.93 -1.33935E-12 8440.7 15156.93
-21692.5285 -492.0942 3876.157169 2457.198 -10846.26 14722.42 2949.2924136 7814.538 15014.93
-21061.0226 -989.0361 3811.0466243 5011.891 -10530.51 14341.56 6000.9268503 7874.584 15546.43
-14886.6988 -1484.163 3670.3984805 5811.942 -7443.349 11113.75 7296.1052159 7918.223 13294.68
-6614.34765 -1949.929 3416.5712314 3981.45 -3307.174 6723.745 5931.379456 7867.702 8966.048
-2342.46092 -2333.171 3017.2369518 2229.533 -1171.23 4188.467 4562.7041191 7628.212 6193.668
-860.067803 -2557.823 2463.1467463 1491.817 -430.0339 2893.181 4049.6401471 7101.986 4976.955
-264.690124 -2537.463 1785.4065228 1553.594 -132.3451 1917.752 4091.0570967 6205.287 4518.243
412.806208 -2198.017 1066.1660304 2005.509 206.4031 859.7629 4203.5263024 4885.894 4290.551
1278.706397 -1506.987 435.75640377 2211.09 639.3532 -203.5968 3718.0765804 3137.446 3723.647
2667.49652 -500.8004 51.541403632 2749.667 1333.748 -1282.207 3250.4672818 1006.891 3494.223
4176.26508 701.1321 59.72691743 2967.705 2088.133 -2028.406 2266.5728356 1407.343 3041.674
5567.20889 1905.485 549.27849062 2890.598 2783.604 -2234.326 985.11347095 3966.146 2441.856
6690.483697 2880.065 1512.9714246 2586.811 3345.242 -1832.27 -293.2539692 6506.568 1855.59
7493.095467 3407.912 2830.7670909 2138.255 3746.548 -915.7806 -1269.657002 8860.499 1565.466
7999.387724 3345.348 4284.383568 1617.317 3999.694 284.6897 -1728.030901 10871.48 1751.325
8277.645953 2666.074 5601.7031534 1074.1 4138.823 1462.88 -1591.974118 12407.58 2162.036
8405.301186 1477.032 6519.733895 533.5438 4202.651 2317.083 -943.4880902 13369.9 2501.808
8440.700374 0 6848.7587973 0 4220.35 2628.409 5.168438E-13 13697.52 2628.409
35000
30000
25000
20000
F, Fj, Fg [N]
15000
10000
F [N]
Fj [N]
5000 Fg
[N]
0
0 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720
-5000
-10000
-15000
-20000
-25000
α ⁰RAC
-30000
Variatia fortelor N si S in functie de unghiul α
30000.0000
25000.0000
20000.0000
15000.0000
N, S [N]
10000.0000
N
[N]
5000.0000 S [N]
0.0000
0 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720
-5000.0000
-10000.0000
-15000.0000
α [⁰RAC]
-20000.0000
25000.0000
Variatia T si Z in functie de unghiul α
20000.0000
15000.0000
10000.0000
T, Z [N]
5000.0000
T
[N]
0.0000
0 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720
-5000.0000
-10000.0000
-15000.0000
α [⁰RAC]
-20000.0000
Momentul Monocilindric
500000.0000
400000.0000
300000.0000
M [N*m]
200000.0000
100000.0000
0.0000
0 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720
-100000.0000
-200000.0000
α [⁰RAC]
-300000.0000
Momentul total policilindric Mt [N*m]
800000
600000
400000
Mt [N*m]
200000
0
0 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720
-200000
-400000
α [⁰RAC]
-600000
Diagrma polara a fortelor de pe fusul maneton
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
-10000 -5000 0 5000 10000 15000
-5000
-10000
-15000
-20000
-25000
Z
aneton
T
Diagrama polara a fortelor din fusul palier
20000
15000
10000
5000
T' 0
-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
-5000
-10000
-15000
Z'
-20000
alier
00
Desfasurata fortelor ce actioneaza pe fusul maneton
25000
20000
Rm [N]
15000
10000
5000
0
0 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720
α [⁰RAC]
Desfasurata fortelor ce actioneaza pe fusul palier
18000
16000
14000
12000
Rp [N]
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720
α [⁰RAC]
6. Diagramele de uzura
Diagrama
Diagrama de uzur\
de uzura fus maneton
fus maneton
Diagrama de uzura fus maneton