who do you call when you need to land a car-sized rover on Mars or sheink a computer part to fit in the

palm of your hand? An engineer! Engineers find creative solutions to problems using their math,
science and technology skills.
Learn the steps of the engineering design process, and then see it come to life in these nine stories of
real-world engineerig inenuity. Follow along as these problem-solvers build a faster bicycle, fix a
particularly pesky traffic jam and even protect an endangered caribou herd from extinxtion.
Les' go engineer!

pe care-l suni când trebuie să aterizezi un rover de dimensiuni de mașină pe Marte sau o parte dintr-un calculator să se
potrivească în palma mâinii tale? Un inginer! Inginerii găsesc soluții creative la probleme folosind abilitățile matematice,
științifice și tehnologice.
Aflați pașii procesului de proiectare în inginerie și apoi o vedeți să vină la viață în aceste nouă povestiri despre ingenuitatea
ingineriei reale. Urmați-vă ca acești rezolvatori de probleme să construiască o bicicletă mai rapidă, să fixeze un blocaj de
trafic deosebit de plictisitor și chiar să protejeze un stăpân caribou pe cale de dispariție de la extincție.
Dă-i inginer!

Who are Engineers?

Engineers are problem solvers. They use their math, science and technology skills to find creative
solutions to problems, such as lading Curiosity safely on he surface of Mars.
To solve these problems, engineers might improve existing technology. They might design a battery
that lass longer or build a bridge that can withstand a major eartquake. If existing technology won't
solve the problem, engineers create new technology, such as a machine that prints skin substitutes for
burn victims. Engineers design not only those batteries, bridges or printers, but also the machines,
electronics and software to build them. Whatever thr problem, engineers find creative and cost-
effective solution that work well.
Cine sunt inginerii?
Inginerii sunt rezolvatori de probleme. Ei își folosesc abilitățile matematice, științifice și tehnologice pentru a găsi soluții
creative la probleme, cum ar fi Curiozitatea de călătorie în condiții de siguranță pe suprafața lui Marte.
Pentru a rezolva aceste probleme, inginerii ar putea îmbunătăți tehnologia existentă. S-ar putea să proiecteze o baterie care să
se lase mai mult sau să construiască un pod care să poată rezista unui eartquark major. Dacă tehnologia existentă nu va
rezolva problema, inginerii creează noi tehnologii, cum ar fi o mașină care imprimă înlocuitori de piele pentru victimele
arderii. Inginerii proiectează nu numai acele baterii, poduri sau imprimante, ci și mașinile, electronica și software-ul pentru a
le construi. Oricare ar fi problema, inginerii găsesc o soluție creatoare și eficientă din punct de vedere al costurilor, care
funcționează bine.
Kids are natural engineers. You ask lots of questions, you're creative and you're good at solving
problems, whether it's designing an alarm to keep your annoying brother out of your room or figuring
out a way to make sure you- not your sister-get the biggest serving of [insert your favorite food here].
Copiii sunt ingineri naturali. Puneți o mulțime de întrebări, sunteți creativi și sunteți bun în rezolvarea problemelor, fie că
proiectați o alarmă pentru a vă ține fratele enervant din camera dvs., fie pentru a vă găsi o cale de a vă asigura că nu sora dvs.
obține cea mai mare servind [inserați mâncarea preferată aici].

Alta pagina
Engineering Design Step-by-Step
When you have a problem to tackle- say,a messy room, a tricky math wuestion or(gasp!) nothing to eat
for dessert-you probably follow a step-by-step process until you arrive at a soluion. When engineers are
faced with a problem, rhey also follow a series of steps. They start by making sure they really
understand the problem and, over time, they compare possible, chose the best one, build working
models and perfect the design.
Unlike following your favorite dessert recipe from start to finish, though, these design steps don't
always happen in a fixed order. Sometimes good problem-solving means knowing when to go back to
an earlier when to start over with a new idea.
Here's a look at how the engineering design process works.
1.Define the problem
What needs to change
At the strat of a project, engineers identify the problem they are trying to solve, or the situation that
needs to change
2.Investigate Requierments
What are the criteria and constraints?
Engineers need to know the project's requirements. They identify the criteria (what people need and
want from a solution) and the constraints.(the restrictions or limitations they have to work within).
Constraints might include how mush money and when the project needs to be finidhed.
3. Develop and Comapre Solutions.
What is the best idea?
Next,engineers researcj and baronstorm possible solutions. This involves a lot of creativity and might
even involve thinking of new tecchnoloy that doesn't yet exist!
Then engineering team copare their ideas. They choose the one that is the best fit for the project's
criteria and constraints.
4. Create
What will it look loke?
Designing and building a working model, or prototype, allows engineers to see if their idea willwork in
the real world
The prototype is not always the same size as the finished product, and sometimes it is builf with
different materials.
5. Test and Fix
Does it work?
The prototype is tested and retested to make sure it works and can withstand conditions in the real
world. Anything that doesn't work gets fixed.
6. Optimize
Can it be even better?
The prototype is improved, or optimized, to make it the best it can possibly be. Can it go faster?
Can be built using less expensive materials? Sometimes, optimizing means going back to an earlier
stage to develop new solutions.
7. Share Ideas
Who can we tell?
Finally, it's time to share the design with others outside the engineering team. That's how the solution
to the problem become a reality!

Now you know the basics of engineering design. Turn the page to see how real engineers used these
steps to solve real problems. Let's go engineer!

Seven Minutes of Terror

Have you ever been on road trip? How long does it take for someone (yes, you) to start asking.
'' Are we there yet?'' Text time you're trapped in a moving car - with snacks, drinks and movie options
running low - think of the spacecraft from NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL).
It survived the utlimate eight-month trip. from its lauchpad in Cape Canveral, FLorida, teh MSL
spacecraft traveled 570 milion kilometers to its final destination: Gale Crater of Mars. Impressive, but
getting to the Red Planet was only the beginning.

What is engineering ?
Engineering is not just about engines. Engineering means designing, testing and making all kinds of
useful things. To do this, engineers use mathematics, science and - above all -their imaginations.
Things invented by engineers improve people'slive and even change the worls. In fact, an engineer has
helped to make almost anything you can think of.

Massive structures
Bridges, buildings, airports, canals, dams and roads are designed by civil engineers.
Gadgets
Technology such as computers, phones, tablets and games consoles are the work of electronic and
software engineers.
Machines
From simple tools to enormous engines,machines are designed by mechanical engineers.
Robots
Robots are machines programmed to perform complicated tasks.
Medical Equipment
New devices and techniques to keep people healthy are designed by biomedical engineers.
Green technology
The engineerng behind green energy, transport and homes can help save the planet.
Planes and spacecraft
Flying machines are invented by aerospace engineers. Read about rockets, spacecraft, fighetr planes
and passenger planes.
Culture
Engineers are also needed to make theatre, art and music

What do engineers do?

Engineers work in teams to solve puzzles. The puzzle could be anything from how to fire a rocket into
space, to how to repair someonse's heart. But whatever it is here is how go about solving it
Ask
Engineers ask questions to ensure they understand the problem.
Please design a new racing wheelchair. Will it be raced on a road or track? Who will ate it?
Imagine
They let their brains go wild and think up lots of possible solutions
Design
They make detailed designs of th best ideas
Test
They make models to test theit ideas.
Build
They have the final version buil, and check it carefully.

Flying high
Planes and spacecraft are designed by AEROSPACE ENGINEERS. They are people who make it possible
for planes to soar through the sky., rockets to zoom into space and robots to explore Mars. Here's how
they achieve these incredible things..

The curved shape of a bird's wings creates an upwards force caled LIFT. Engineers copy this in their
designs for planes.

Balancing forces
Engineers have to manage the forces that push and puit a planr in different directions lift must balance
weight, thrust must balance drag.

In 1903 American engineers Wilbur and built and tested the first plane wich was manned powered and
sately controlled.

Thrust is a force created by the engines, it balances the vackwards force of drog, pushing the plane
forwards through the air.

This is how forces are managed in the modern passenfer plane, called a Boeing 737 MAX.

Lift is an upwards force created when a plane movies forwards because of the way ar flows over its
curved wings.

Drog is a backwards force caused by a plane pushing through the air.

Weight pulls a plane aown towards the ground, this is caused by Earth's gravity.

GADGETS GALORE
Gadgets, such as smartphones, games consoles and computers, are designed by ELECTRONIC
ENGINEERS and SOFTWARE ENGINEERS. Electronic engineers take care of the complex wring inside a
gadget, while software engineers program it to do different thing.
These people are playing a computer game using wireless controllers-gadgets that send signals to a
receiver.

Small but powerful

Engineers need to design gadgets that are small enough to fit in a hand, but powerful enough to store
and process huge amounts of information.

Engineers cram bilions of circuits into a martphone inside tiny flat sqares called integrated circuits, of
chips.

Software engineers design, create and test apps and programs for computers, smartphones and tablets.
Talking to computers
computers need to be fold what to to, but they can only follow simplr, step by step
instructions.Software engineers white instructions in a logical way, called coding.
How do you make an app ?
1. Decide what the app should do
2. figure oul ll the different features the app will need
3. Wrile the codes that make each part of the ap work
4.Gel people to test the app to see if it does everything that il should.
5.Rework the app so il fils the original idea better.

Machines
A maxhine is a piece of equipament that helps do a job. Machines are designed and improved by
Mechanical Engineers.
Bicycles combine several simple engineering ideas into a singe machine.
-The frame of this bike is strong beacuse it's made of two triangles.
-Triangles keep a rigid shape even under pressure.

-Inside the frame are finy metal balls called ball bearings. These reduce the friction created when
turning the bike's handebars.
Bike brakes work by incresing fiction
Pulling the brake lever tightens a wire
that closes the brake blocks around the wheis rie
`Fiction between the blocks and the run makes it harde for the whell to turn.
To give a smooth ride over bumpy ground most bicycle tytes are fillied with air.
Most bicycles ae powered by turning two toot pedals. But engineers can design all sorts of bicycle
pedals.

Managing friction
When two surface rub ogainst each other a trace called friction slowa the movement down. Sometmes
engineers deliberately increase friction in a machine but at other times they try to reduce it.

The contraption below combines tour separate simple machines.

Robots
Robots are computer controlled machines designed to do jobs better than humans, or jobs that aren't
safe for humans to do . Some robots even move and communicate like humans, too TO build them,
robotics engineers must be skilled in electronic, mechanil and software engineering.