SURUB 1

surub piese piulita prezon

surub piese
asamblate piese
asamblate
asamblate

Surub
(arbore)
element de Piese asamblate
piulita siguranta (dar si piulita si contrapiulita)
(saiba Grower)
element de siguranta (saiba Grower)
Figura 1.1 ) Figura 1.2 Figura 1.3 Figura 1.4
H p
e
H Piulita
30°
60°
h3
H1

Piulita 2 H
60°
Surub H
D

r
d
D2

2
d2
H H
D1

d1

4 6
d3

p d p

D
90°

D2
Diametrele piulitei Diametrele surubului d2
Surub

D1
d1
a)
Figura 1.7
Axa surubului si piulitei
r
b) 30°
Piulita
d1

p
d3

Figura 1.5

p Piulita
d

p
d2

D
D2
d1

D1
Surub
Figura 1.8
r
30°
d

D3

Piulita
d2

D2

Surub 3°
D1
d1

Figura 1.6
t2

t
t1

D
d

p
D2
d2

D1
d1

Surub
Figura 1.9

Elicea desfasurata
p

Figura 1.11 ψ2
π⋅d 2
d3
p
d2 tg ψ 2 =
Filet strunjit Filet rulat π ⋅d2
d
Figura 1.12 Figura 1.10
 2

tg Ψ2 tg Ψ2 1 − tg 2 Ψ2
η= = = ≤ 0,5
tg 2Ψ2 2 ⋅ tgΨ2 2 (1.1)
1 − tg 2 Ψ2
F
σt =
π 2 (1.2)
⋅ d3
4
M12
τt =
π 3 (1.3)
⋅ d3
16
σ ech = σ 2t + 4τ 2t ≤ σ at (1.4)

4⋅ γ ⋅F
d 3 necesar = (1.5)
π ⋅ σ at
η Q - forta la cheie M tot
filet fierastrau
100%

80% M 12

pârghie de
60% actionare
filet triunghiular
40% sau trapezoidal

20%
suruburi 2 - piulita
ψ2
de fixare O
10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60°
randament relativ ridicat, dar 1 - surub
prelucrarea este dificila F
randament foarte mic, suruburi de miscare
F M 13
dar exista autofrânare
Figura 1.13 3 – piesa presata
Figura 1.14
Sectiunea cu
tensiune piulita
maxima la F
încovoiere în z
spira D
surubului

d h
F
z p H π⋅d 3 (pentru surub),
+a respectiv π⋅D (pentru piulita)
surub 2
d 2 ≡ D2 Figura 1.16
h
d 1 = D1 Sectiunea cu
d3 tensiune
maxima la
încovoiere în
a H spira piulitei

Figura 1.15
F M + M13
σc = ; τ t = 12
π 2 π 3 (1.6)
⋅ d3 ⋅d3
4 16

σ ech = σ 2c + 4τ 2t ≤ σ ac (1.7)
 3

Fc = γ ⋅ F; γ = 1,05 … 1,5. (1.8)

F F
p = σs = z ≅ z ≤ σ as (1.9)
π 2
4
(
⋅ d − d1 2
) π ⋅ d 2 ⋅H

F H 
Mi = ⋅  +a (1.10)

z  2 

Mi
σi = ≤ σ ai surub
π⋅ d3 ⋅h 2 (1.11)
6
Mi
σi = ≤ σ ai piulita
π ⋅D ⋅ h2 (1.12)
6
p
m = p ⋅ z + 2 ⋅ = p (z + 1) (1.13)
2
π⋅d3 2
⋅ σ at = π ⋅ d 2 ⋅ H1 ⋅ z ⋅ σ as
4
π ⋅ d 23 π⋅ z ⋅h 2 ⋅d3 (1.14)
⋅ σ at = ⋅ σ ai
4 H 
6⋅ + a 
2 
m = z ′ ⋅ p = 0, 75 ⋅ d 
 ⇒ m = 0,8 ⋅ d (1.15)
m = z ′ ⋅ p = 0,54 ⋅ d 
µ ⋅ Fs ≥ F (1.16)
µ ⋅ Fs = β ⋅ F (1.17)
4 ⋅ γ ⋅ Fs
d 3necesar ≥ (1.18)
π ⋅ σa t
4 ⋅F
τf = ≤τ af (1.19)
π⋅ d2
F
σs= ≤ σa s (1.20)
d ⋅ l min

Sectiunea A - 15 %
5 5 1
9
4 4 8
7
3 6
3 5
4
Sectiunea B - 20 % 2 2 3
2
Sectiunea C - 65 % 1 1 1

a) b) c)
F
Figura 1.17 F Figura 1.18
Fs
Fs

F F
d
lmin

F F

Figura 1.19
Fs
Fs Figura 1.20 Figura 1.21
 4

2s p

∆ls ∆ls′
1s Pmax

0s timp
Figura 1.23
∆lf′′

0f 1f

lf
F
2f f caracteristica elastica a
∆lf′

F0 surubului
∆lf

f s s caracteristica
elastica
p p a flanselor
D ∆lf ψ ϕ ∆ls
lf

∆lf O ∆ls
D
Figura 1.22 Figura 1.24

π ⋅ D2
Fmax = p max ⋅ (1.21)
4
Fmax
F= (1.22)
is
F0 F
c s = tgϕ = ; c f = tgψ = 0 (1.23)
∆ls ∆ lf
 F0′ = (0,5... 0,6) ⋅ F
 ″ (1.24)
 F0 > 0
F′
; tgψ = 0 ; F = Fz + F0′ ⇒ F = ∆l′s ⋅ (tgϕ + tgψ ).
Fz
tgϕ = (1.25)
∆l′s ∆ l′s
cs
Fz = (1.26)
cs + c f
Fmax s = F0 ″ + F = F0 + Fz
Fmax s = (1, 5... 1,6) ⋅ F
 cs 
Fmin s = F0 = Fmax s − Fz = F ⋅ (1,5... 1,6) −  (1.27)
 cs + c f 
Fmax s Fmin s
σ max ts = ; σ min ts =
A min s A min s

variatia fortei din surub

2
Fz
1 ≡ 1f ϕ
F a)
ψ
F0 ′
f F0 2f

F0 ′′ s variatia fortei din b)

ϕ ψ flanse
0 0f
∆ls ∆ls ′=∆l ∆lf′′
Figura 1.26
′
Figura 1.25 ∆lf
 5

σ max ts − σ min ts 
σv = 
2 
 (1.28)
σ max ts + σ min ts 
σm = 
2
1
c= ≥ ca
βk σ v σ m (1.29)
⋅ +
ε ⋅ γ σ −1 σ c
S 3 − D 3g
⋅ tg(ψ + ϕ′) + F0 ⋅ ⋅ µ ⋅ 2
d2 1
M ch = F0 ⋅ (1.30)
2 3 S − D2g
E⋅A
c= (1.31)
l

∑
li
∆ l s = F0 ⋅ (1.32)
E ⋅A i

∑c
1 1
= (1.33)
cs si

Ef ⋅ A f
cf = ;
∑l f
π
[
A f = ⋅ (S + l f ) − Dfg ;
4
2
] (1.34)

∑ lf = lf 1 + l f 2
Ls
ρ= ;
γ
(1.35)
E⋅Ii
Mi = = Wi ⋅ σ i
ρ
Dg

lf
lf

S
S + lf cota nula sau negativa
S + 2⋅lf Figura 1.29
Figura 1.27
F

F
Fz′′ Fz
F
F Fz′ Fz F0

F0 ϕ
ϕ′ ϕ ? ψ′ ψ
Figura 1.30 Figura 1.31

σ
F Ls
Ftt ρ γ
Ft
F0t F
Ws
F0 t
Frem
V ε

ϕ ψ
Figura 1.31 Figura 1.32 Figura 1.33
 6

γ ⋅E ⋅ds
σi = (1.36)
2 ⋅ Ls
Ws 1 σ
= ⋅ σ ⋅ ε; ε =
V 2 E
(1.37)
Ws 1 σ 2
2 ⋅ Ws ⋅ E
= ⋅ ⇒σ =
V 2 E V

Figura 1.36
Figura 1.34

Figura 1.35

P1

Figura 1.38

P2

Figura 1.37

Figura 1.39 Figura 1.41

gaura filetata

gaura de trecere

a)
Figura 1.42

b)
Figura 1.40
Figura 1.43
pasul 1 = p
ψ2

pasul 2 = p
d2

(decalat axial)
Figura 1.44 Figura 1.45 Figura 1.46

M t1 = F ⋅ 2 ⋅ tg(ψ 2 + ϕ′)
d
(1.38)
2
 2⋅k 
în care: ψ′ = arctg  ; k – coeficient de frecare de rostogolire.

 d 2 ⋅ sin γ 