Studiu ecologic - biodiversitatea dintr-un anumit areal

Ponderea suprafețelor

5.8 2.9 5.2

3.4

28.3
51.2
3.2

Suprafețe cultivate Pajiști Tufărișuri Păduri Lacuri, bălți Căi de acces Alte destinații

Categoria Pondere (%)

Suprafețe cultivate 5.2
Pajiști 51.2
Tufărișuri 3.2
Păduri 28.3
Lacuri, bălți 3.4
Căi de acces 5.8
Alte destinații 2.9
=SUM(C20:C26)

Spec
30 27.6
Specii lemnoase
Specia %
25
Quercus robur 27.6
Quercus petraea 18.9
18.9
20
Quercus cerris 12.7
Carpinus betulus 11.2 15 12.7
Tilia cordata 9.8
Ulmus campestre 8.1 10
Alte specii 11.7
100 5

0
Quercus Quercus Quercus C
robur petraea cerris b
 5

0
Quercus Quercus Quercus C
robur petraea cerris b

Indicele Margalef Indicele Menhinick

(DMg) (DMn)

S− 1 S
D Mg= D Mn=
ln ( N ) √N
Specii lemnoase I Indicele Simpson
      1.     Quercus robur 120
      2.     Quercus petraea 87
      3.     Quercus cerris 45
      4.     Carpinus betulus 21 D   pi
2
      5.     Tilia cordata 30
      6.     Ulmus campestre 21
      7.     Fraxinus excelsior 16
      8.     Cornus sanguinea 57
      9.     Robus fruticosus 21
    10.   Rosa canina
Crataegus 15 pi = ni / N
    11.   monogyna 30
    12.   Acer campestre 3
    13.   Alnus glutinosa 17
    14.   Carpinus betulus 4
    15.   Fagus sylvatica 170
N-numarul de
indivizi analizati 657
S- nr. de specii 15

Rezultate
Specii lemnoase

Indicele Margalef (DMg)

 Indicele Menhinick (DMn)
Indicele Simpson D
Indicele de diversitate Simpson 1-D
Indicele reciproc Simpson 1/D
Indicele Shannon-Weaver
Echitatea
Indicele McIntosh
Coeficientul Glisson

Calcularea indicilor ecologici (indici de biodiversitate) - m

Indicele Margalef Indicele

(DMg) Menhinick
(DMn)

S−1 S
D Mg= D Mn=
ln( N ) √N
 Specii ierboase I Indicele Simpson
      1.     Festuca rubra 225
      2.     F. pratensis 170
      3.     F. arundinacea 130

D   pi
      4.     Poa pratensis 127 2
      5.     Phleum pretense 115
      6.     Dactylis glomerata 108
      7.     Arrhenatherum elati 88
      8.     Lolium perenne 87
      9.    
pi = ni / N
Festuca pratensis 86
    10.   Agropyron repens 78
    11.   Trisetum flavescens 64
    12.   Antoxatum odoratu 45
    13.   Agrostis rupestris 41
    14.   Agrostis capillaries 38
    15.   Briza media 35
16 Cynosurus cristatus 32
17 Nardus stricta 31
    18.   Agrostis tenuis 30
    19.   Trifolium repens 29
    20.   Trifolium pretense 28
    21.   Lotus corniculatus 27
    22.   Achillea millefolium 26
    23.   Alchemila vulgaris 25
    24.   Taraxacum officinal 21
    25.   Leontodon autumnal 19
    26.   Plantago lanceolata 17
    27.   Plantago media. 16
    28.   Narcissus angustifol 9
    29.   Narcissus stellaris 8
    30.   Hepatica transsilvan 7
    31.   Asperula odorata 7
    32.   Aconitum moldavicu 6
33 Asarum europaeum 6
34 Lathyrus transsilvan 5
35 Melamphyrum neme 5
 36 Veratrum nigrum 4
N-numarul de
indivizi analizati 1795
marul de specii= 36

Rezultate
Specii ierboase

Indicele Margalef (DMg)

Indicele Menhinick (DMn)
Indicele Simpson D
Indicele de diversitate Simpson 1-D
Indicele reciproc Simpson 1/D
Indicele Shannon-Weaver
Echitatea
Indicele McIntosh
Coeficientul Glisson
mit areal

51.2

s Alte destinații

Specii lemnoase
7.6

18.9

12.7 11.7
11.2
9.8
8.1

ercus Quercus Quercus Carpinus Tilia Ulmus Alte specii

ur petraea cerris betulus cordata campestre
ercus Quercus Quercus Carpinus Tilia Ulmus Alte specii
ur petraea cerris betulus cordata campestre

Calcularea indicilor ecologici (indici de biodiversitate) - mod

S
√N
ele Simpson ni pi pi patrat Indicele McIntosh
120 0.183 0.033
87 0.132 0.018
45 0.068 0.005 S
  pi
2 21
30
21
0.032
0.046
0.032
0.001
0.002
0.001 D=
N−
√∑
i=1
n2
i

16 0.024 0.001 N −√ N
57 0.087 0.008
21 0.032 0.001 0.65
i = ni / N D=
15 0.023 0.001
30 0.046 0.002
3 0.005 0.000
17 0.026 0.001
4 0.006 0.000
170 0.259 0.067

657 1.00 0.14

pi= 0.14

Indicele Shannon
S
2.16
H=−∑ p i ln p i
i=1
 S

0.59
H=−∑ p i ln p i
0.14 i=1
0.86
7.19
pi=ni / N
2.26
0.84
0.65
4.97

de biodiversitate) - model 36 specii ierboase

ele Simpson Indicele McIntosh
225 0.125348 0.015712
170 0.094708 0.008970
130 0.072423 0.005245 S
  pi
2 127
115
108
0.070752
0.064067
0.060167
0.005006
0.004105
0.003620 D=
N−
√∑
i=1
n2
i

88 0.049025 0.002403 N −√ N
87 0.048468 0.002349
0.78
i=ni / N
86 0.047911 0.002295 D=
78 0.043454 0.001888
64 0.035655 0.001271
45 0.025070 0.000628
41 0.022841 0.000522
38 0.021170 0.000448
35 0.019499 0.000380
32 0.017827 0.000318
31 0.017270 0.000298
30 0.016713 0.000279
29 0.016156 0.000261
28 0.015599 0.000243
27 0.015042 0.000226
26 0.014485 0.000210
25 0.013928 0.000194
21 0.011699 0.000137
19 0.010585 0.000112
17 0.009471 0.000090
16 0.008914 0.000079
9 0.005014 0.000025
8 0.004457 0.000020
7 0.003900 0.000015
7 0.003900 0.000015
6 0.003343 0.000011
6 0.003343 0.000011
5 0.002786 0.000008
5 0.002786 0.000008
 4 0.002228 0.000005

1795 1.00 0.06

pi= 0.06

4.67
0.85
0.06
0.94
17.42
3.13
0.87
0.78
10.76
 odiversitate) - model 15 specii lemnoase

McIntosh ni ni patrat
120 14400
87 7569
S 45 2025

√∑i=1
n2
i
21
30
21
441
900
441
−√ N 16 256
57 3249
21 441
15 225
30 900
3 9
17 289
4 16
170 28900

60061

ndicele Shannon-Weaver Echitatea E=

ni pi ln pi^pi
H
120 0.18 -0.31 E= 0.84
ln(S)
 H
E=
87 0.13 -0.27 ln(S)
45 0.07 -0.18
21 0.03 -0.11
30 0.05 -0.14
21 0.03 -0.11
16 0.02 -0.09
57 0.09 -0.21
21 0.03 -0.11
15 0.02 -0.09 Coeficientul Glisson
30 0.05 -0.14
3 0.00 -0.02
17 0.03 -0.09
4 0.01 -0.03
170 0.26 -0.35
657
H= 2.26
 ni= ni patrat
225 50625
S
170 28900
S 130 16900 H=−∑ p i ln p i
√ ∑ n i2
i=1
127
115
108
16129
13225
11664
i=1

pi=ni / N
−√ N 88 7744
87 7569
86 7396
78 6084
64 4096
45 2025
41 1681
38 1444
35 1225
32 1024
31 961
30 900
29 841
28 784
27 729
26 676
25 625
21 441
19 361
17 289
16 256
9 81
8 64
7 49
7 49
6 36
6 36
5 25
5 25
4 16

184975
 log(Ni)
Ni= 657 2.82
Nt= 15

K gl= 4.97
 pi ln pi^pi Echitatea E=
225 0.125 -0.260306
170 0.095 -0.223222 H
130 0.072 -0.190128 E= 0.87
127
115
0.071 -0.187392
0.064 -0.176045
ln(S)
108 0.060 -0.169107
88 0.049 -0.147831
87 0.048 -0.146705
86 0.048 -0.145573
78 0.043 -0.136274
64 0.036 -0.118868 Coeficientul Gleason
45 0.025 -0.092409
41 0.023 -0.086321 K gl=
38 0.021 -0.081614
35 0.019 -0.076774
32 0.018 -0.071791
31 0.017 -0.070096
30 0.017 -0.068383
29 0.016 -0.066651
28 0.016 -0.0649
27 0.015 -0.063129
26 0.014 -0.061338
25 0.014 -0.059525
21 0.012 -0.052041
19 0.011 -0.048144
17 0.009 -0.044129
16 0.009 -0.042074
9 0.005 -0.026551
8 0.004 -0.024126
7 0.004 -0.021631
7 0.004 -0.021631
6 0.003 -0.019056
6 0.003 -0.019056
5 0.003 -0.016388
5 0.003 -0.016388
4 0.002 -0.013608

1795 H= 3.13
10.76
 Date analiza PH-ul solului
5.3 3.5 6.9 6.2 5.5
6.8 5.6 5.1 5.6 5.1
5.1 5.1 9.7 5.7 5.3
6.5 6.9 6.8 6.9 5.8
6.9 4.7 6.1 6.9 3.8
5.6 8.1 7.2 8.1 7.2
6.5 5.4 6.9 5.9 6.1
6.1 5.2 7.5 6.2 7.5
8.6 4.8 5.1 6.5 5.5
6.9 5.3 6.8 5.3 4.7

Interval de Centru de
clasă clasă Fa Fr
3,0-3,9 3.45 4 0.04
4,0-4,9 4.45 7 0.07
5,0-5,9 5.45 28 0.28
6,0-6,9 6.45 38 0.38
7,0-7,9 7.45 11 0.11
8,0-8,9 8.45 8 0.08
9,0-9,9 9.45 4 0.04
100 1
 6.5 5.3 6.4 5.2 3.5
6.6 7.1 5.6 7.1 6.1 Coeficientul de variabilitate
5.1 9.3 7.1 4.3 9.7
4.5 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.2
3.7 6.9 5.2 6.5 6.7 Suma 630.6
8.1 7.2 6.1 7.2 5.2 Media 6.3
6.3 5.5 8.3 5.1 8.3 s2 1.7
7.2 6.5 6.2 4.5 6.5 s 1.3
4.7 5.5 6.8 6.5 7.6 Cv 20.60
8.3 6.7 6.3 8.2 9.9

30
Frequency

25

20

15

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
ul de variabilitate