------------------------

1. Creare fisier
------------------------

$ touch filename
apoi ll sau ls-l

$ touch file1

Creare fisiere multiple

$ touch file1 file2 file3

-----------------------------
2. Stergere fisier / folder
-----------------------------

$ rm filename

$ rm -i filename (interactiv)

$ rm -rf filename (directory) sterge recursiv

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3. Copiere fisiere / foldere
-------------------------------

$ cp src_file dest_file

$ cp [Link] [Link] (copiaza a in b)

$ cp src_f1 src_f2 src_f3 dest_directory

$ cp -r src_directory dest_directory (recursiv)

$ cp -i [Link] [Link] (suprascrie interactiv)

-------------------------------
4. Mutare fisiere / foldere
-------------------------------

$ mv file1 file2 (redenumeste file1 in file2

$ mv file [dest_dir]

$ mv [Link] /home/downloads

$ mv sursa destinatie

$ sudo apt install rename

$ rename [options] files

------------------------
5. Vizualizare fisier
------------------------

$ cat filename
$ cat file1 file2 (pt vizualizare mai multe fisiere)

$ cat file1 >> file2 (adauga continutul unui fisier la sf. fisier 2)

$ toc filename (afiseaza reverse continut - sfarsitul intai)

$ cat filename | more (ecran cu ecran)

$ cat *.txt (afiseaza toate fisierele txt)

---

$ tail filename (afiseaza ultimele 10 linii)

$ tail -3 filename (afiseaza ultimele 3 linii

---------------------
6. Creare director
---------------------

$ mkdir [option] dir_name

$ mkdir test1

$ mkdir {test1,test2,test3} (multiple directoare)

$ mkdir -p test1/test2/test3 (creaza in test1 dir test2 si test3 - subdirectoare)

------------
7. Comenzi
------------

Ctrl+Alt+T (lansare terminal)

$ sudo gedit /path/to/filename

$ sudo gedit /etc/[Link]

Ctrl+S (salvare fisier)

------------------
-- Editorul nano
------------------

$ sudo nano /etc/[Link]

Ctrl+O (salveaza fisierul)

-----------------
-- Editorul vi
----------------

$ sudo vi /path/to/filename

$ sudo vi /etc/[Link]

i - se intra in insert mode

:w - salvare fisier

:q - quit editor

:wq - save and quit simultan

---------------------
-- Editorul gvim
--------------------

$ sudo apt-get install vim-gnome

$ sudo gvim /etc/[Link]

I to enter in insert mode

Se pot folosi butoanele din bara

-------------------------------
-- Editorul Emacs --pt Ubuntu
------------------------------

$ sudo apt-get install emacs (instalare)

$ sudo emacs /etc/[Link]

$ sudo emacs -nw /etc/[Link]

-------------------------------
-- sudo - privilegii ca root
-------------------------------

-- creare utiliztor

useradd [options] username

$ sudo useradd -m username

$ sudo passwd username

-- stergere utilizator

# userdel -r usename

# userdel -z -r -f user1
-- sterge cont, home directory si mapari

# id user (date despre user)

-- deluser command in Ubuntu

/etc (sunt fisiere de configurare)

---------------------
-- File permissions
---------------------

r - read (4) u - user

chmod u=rw, go=r [Link] (drept de citire scriere pt. user si read pt. grup si
altii)

chmod 664 *.page

chmod -R o-r *.page

chmod 777 [Link] (toate drepturile pe file1)

chmod -R 777 dir1 (toate drepturile pe dir1 - recursiv)

chmod u=rwx, g=rx, o=r file1

chmod 754 file1 (0 nu e permis)

-R (change files and directories recursively)

chmod -R 775 myfiles

---------------------------------------------
-- Change ownership pt. files / directories
---------------------------------------------

chown user file

$ chown utilizator1 file1

------------------------
-- ps (process status)
------------------------

ps -ef - file format

ps -ef user

-- grep - used to search text

grep 'word' filename

grep -R 'http' (cauta cuvantul http in dir. curent si recursiv)