Ritualul funerar ebraic

sec I a.Chr-II p.Chr

Obiective
1.Demonstrarea importanei nmormntrii n cultura i civilizaia ebraic. 2. A influenat imixtiunea cultural din zona ritualul funerar? 3. Demonstrarea importanei simbolismului funerar 4. Demonstrarea importarea ritualui funerar la nivel social

Harta reprezentnd Regatul lui Irod Antipa ( 4 a.Chr-39 p.Chr )

Harta mormintelor i a cimitirelor din Ierusalim din perioada celui de al doilea Templu ( partea nordic)

partea sudic

mormntul Sinedriului

intrare mormnt Secolul I p.Chr

camer cu sarcofage tiate n piatr (arcosolia)

Osuar de secol I a.Chr, sunt reprezentate doua frunze curbate de ieder, iar motivul central este un complex de forme de frunze care simbolizeaz trecerea n ,, lumea sfinilor prini,,. Acest registru interior este flancat de coloane canelate cu capiteluri n form de rondele.

Osuar decorat cu vi de vie i struguri(registrul1), are capacul n form de fronton, registrul al 2 lea este decorat cu palmete.

sculptur n relief de pe peretele unui osuar, arat dou perechi de rodii care care se extind dintr-o palmet central . Cele dou perechi de rodii sunt flanchete de 2 crini.

Perete de osuar decorat cu frunze de stejar i ghinde

vase depozit folosite n cadrul ritualului funerar, sec I. p.Chr

caserole

farfurii i boluri, sec I a.Chr

ulcior din sticl decorat cu palmete

unstensile cosmetice decorate cu rozete

Lamp de inspiraie elenistic decorat cu o amfor i cu doi ciorchini de struguri

Shekeli datnd din prima revolta 66-73 p.Chr

sunt reprezentate rodii i cupe

Moned reprezentnd ,, Iudaea Capta,, comemornd victoria roman din cadrul celei de a doua revolt ( 132-135 p.Chr)

Bibliografie
A. Cri:
1. Bartlett R. John, Archeology and Biblica Interpretation, London, Routedge, 2005 2. Evans A.Craig, Jesus and the Ossuaries: What Jewish Burial Practices Reveal about the Beginning of Christianity, Waco, Texas, Baylor University Press, 2003. 3. Eliade Mircea, Istoria Credinelor i a ideilor religioase , Bucureti, Editura tiinific i Enciclopedic, 1986. 4.Gillian Clark, Christians and roman society, Cambride University Press London, 2004. 5. Mc Cane R. Byron, Death and burial in the world of Jesus, Trinity Press International, Washington, 2003. 6. Sperber Daniel, City in the Roman Palestine, New York-Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1998. 7. Smith Elizabeth, Burial Practices and Beliefs about the Dead, Sheffield, Sheffield Academic Press, 1992.

B. Periodice 1.Buttenwiesser Moses, Blood Revenge and Burial Rites in Ancient Israel,

J.A.O.S, Vol. 39 (1919), pp. 303-321 .

2. Bender A.P, Beliefs, Rites, and Customs of the Jews, Connected with Death, Burial, and Mourning, T.J.Q.R, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp 259-269.
3. Eck Werner, The Bar-Kochba Revolt: The roman point of view, T. J.R.S , Volume LXXXIX, 1999 4 Evans A. Craig, JEWISH BURIAL TRADITIONS AND THE RESURRECTION OF JESUS, JHSJ, Vol. 3.2 pp. 233-248 5. Standhartinger Angela, What Women Were Accustomed to Dofor the Dead

J.B.L, no 3, 2010, pp 559-574. 6. Sara Murphy, Kathleen E. Miller, Susan Laden, Steven Feldman, The Burial of Jesus, Washington, B.A.R, 2007.
7. Laden Susan, Easter, Explorin the Resurection of Jesus, B.A.R, 2010 8. Murphy Sara , Kathleen E. Miller, Susan Laden, Steven Feldman, The Burial of Jesus, Washington, B.A.R, 2007 9. Mc Muloch John ,Reviewed, Jewish Ritual Murder: William of Norwich, Thomas of Monmouth, Speculum, Vol. 72, No. 3 (Jul., 1997), pp. 698740.

Beloved by Them(Gospel of Peter 12.50): Traces of Lamentsand Mourning Ritual inEarlyEaster,Passion, and Lords Supper Traditions,

C. Articole 1.Arteburn R.Charles, The Jews did not really bury their dead; they actually embalmed them?, Ambiguity or error? The circular, 2012 2.Berlin M. Andrea, Jewis life before the revolt: The archeological evidence. 3. Crewe M. Cynthia, PLANT MOTIFS ON JEWISH OSSUARIES AND

SARCOPHAGI IN PALESTINE IN THE LATE SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD: THEIR IDENTIFICATION, SOCIOLOGY AND SIGNIFICANCE , University
of Manchester, Manchester, 2004 4. Green Deborah, Sweet Spices in The Tomb, : A initial study on the use of perfume in Jewish Burials, University of Oregon.

Abrevieri B.A.R= Biblical Archeology Review J.A.O.S= Journal of American Oriental Society T.J.Q.R= The Jewish Quartrely Review

T.J.R.S= The Journal of Roman Studies

Sursele imaginilor Fig 1. http://whosquade.wordpress.com/2012/02/14/1st-centurypalestine/ .2, 3 . . Crewe M. Cynthia, PLANT MOTIFS ON JEWISH OSSUARIES

4. http://www.patheos.com/blogs/godandthemachine/2012/10/burialin-ancient-israel-part-5-rock-cut-tombs/ 5. http://blogs.reuters.com/axismundi/2009/08/03/israels-burial-crisisand-the-afterlife/ 6. extras din Crewe M. Cynthia, p. 52. 7 ibidem, p 28. 8.Ibidem , p 30. 9. ibidem, p 34. 10. ibidem, p.37 11. extras din Berlin M. Andrea, Jewis life before the revolt: The archeological evidence. , p.11 12. Ibiem p. 22. 13. Ibidem p. 27. 14 Crewe M.Cynthia, p 61 15 ibidem, p 62

AND SARCOPHAGI IN PALESTINE IN THE LATE SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD , p 49

18. Ibidem p. 66. 19. ibidem, p.65.