BIBLIOTECONOMIE

EDUCAIA PERMANENT - UN FACTOR DECISIV AL DEZVOLTRII

SOCIETII CUNOATERII : ABORDRI TEORETICE
Inga Cernat
Catedra Biblioteconomie i Asisten Informaional USM
Suar!
L"#e$"%e &earn"ng - a %e'"(")e #a't*r "n t+e ,n*$&e%ge (*'"et!
%e)e&*-ent: t+e*ret"'a& a--r*a'+e(
The change and transformation of nowadays society make s face new !roblems and
necesities dealing with the hman resorses training" the le#el of schooling and le#el of cltre
of the !o!lation" beha#ior rles$ In order to be a good !rofessional" family man" citi%en it is
necessary to learn a new art of life" a life contine accommodation to the transformations
arond& a life long change that re!re%ents a life long learning$ The lifewide learning is like a
common mbrella which co#ers all nited ty!es of edcation and formation$ Its aim is life long
!ersonal" social and !rofessional de#elo!ment$
Re.uat
Schimbarea i transformarea societii de a%i" ne !ne 'n fa !robleme i cerine noi"
!ri#ind !regtirea resrselor mane" ni#ell de instrire i cltr al !o!laiei" normele de
condit etc$ (entr a fi n bn !rofesionalist" familist" cetean e ne#oie de a 'nsi o no art
de a tri" o ada!tare ne'ntrer!t la transformrile din )r * o schimbare contin & ceea ce
re!re%int o edcare !ermanent$ +dcarea !ermanent este mbrela comn sb care snt
renite toate ti!rile de 'n#are i formare" sco!l ei fiind de%#oltarea !ersonal" social i
!rofesional !e tot !arcrsl #ieii$
,nce!tl milenili III este marcat im!ntor de o societate 'ntemeiat !e informaie i
cnoatere" constitind 'n sens larg o -societate a cnoaterii.$ Societatea 'n care trim ne oblig
la modificrile !rofnde la ni#el de indi#id" de organi%aie" de relaii intermane$ Se !oate afirma
c o societate a cnoaterii a e/istat 'ntodeana$ 0abriela 1$ Sab remarc 2 .Cnoaterea n
mai este o com!onent a economiei moderne" ci de#ine n !rinci!i organi%aional de ba% al
e/istenei noastre$ Trim 'ntr&o societate a cnoaterii !entr c ne organi%m realitatea social
!e ba%a cnoaterii de care dis!nem.$
+delgard Blmahn 3ministr al +dcaiei 'n 0ermania4 afirm 'ntr&n inter#i din 5667
c cele mai im!ortante bnri din societatea cnoaterii snt o bn edcaie" creati#itate i
com!eten$ 8i aceasta !entr c globali%area i re#olia informaiei a a#t !rintre consecine
n no mod de organi%are a mncii" n sector al ser#iciilor 'n cretere" dar cea mai im!ortant
consecin este re!re%entat de fa!tl c edcaia iniial n mai !oate garanta anga)area de&a
lngl 'ntregii #iei !rofesionale$ Cnotinele trebie 'n !ermanen actali%ate 2 -fiecare
indi#id trebie s fie !regtit s dob'ndeasc calificri noi" s de%#olte abiliti" care s&i !ermit
s se ada!te%e re!ede la cernele noilor sitaii.$ 9e aceea" credem c" !entr a face fa
!ro#ocrilor #iitorli" #a trebi s ne ba%m !e n factor decisi#2 educaia permanent$
Ideea edcaiei !ermanente s&a nsct din ne#oia de articla diferite ni#elri i ti!ri de
edcaie" 'nc't edcaia s de#in contin 'n tim! i s!ai * -continuum educaional.$
Cnotinele" com!etenele i atitdinile dob'ndite 'n !erioada co!ilriei i adolescenei 'n
familie" la coal sa ni#ersitate n #or dra toat #iaa$ +ste ne#oie de integrarea 'n#rii
!ermanente" care a!are ca n !roces contin ce se ealonea% de la leagn !'n la sf'ritl #ieii"
deci 'n#are -de&a lngl #ieii.$
5:;
Termenl de 'n#are -de&a lngl #ieii. atrage atenia as!ra tim!li" fie ea contin
sa !eriodic$ <ol termen creat" lifewide learning, 'mbogete imaginea" atrg'nd atenia
as!ra dratei 'n#rii care !oate a#ea loc !e tot !arcrsl ni segment al #ieii$
,n ceea ce !ri#ete definirea edcaiei !ermanente snt #ehiclate o serie de o!inii2 =rese
>$>$" n s!ecialist 'n domeni" afirm c edcaia !ermanent re!re%int o no !olitic
edcati# care !ermite de%#oltarea !lenar a fiecrei !ersonaliti$
(entr +milian 9mitr" n cerettor rom?n" edcaia !ermanent 'nseamn -edcaia
'ntregli !o!or." n sistem de aisten a omli" 'ntreaga #ia" !n'nd 'n e#iden rmtoarele
caracteristici ale edcaiei2 totalitatea" integrarea" fle/ibilitatea" democrati%area" o!ortnitatea"
moti#aia" edcabilitatea" calitatea #ieii i a 'n#rii$ Toate aceste !rici!ii edcati#e se cer
'ntemeiate !e !lanificare" organi%are i e#alare contin a sistemli i !e -o stare de s!irit
fa#orabil 'n masele largi !o!lare.$
Un alt s!ecialist 'n stdierea sociologiei edcaiei" 1eon @o!a scrie c" edcaia
!ermanent semnific di#ersificare" relare la tre!te s!erioare" restrctrare a cnotinelor"
con#ersine de de!rinderi i transfer al acestora$ Solia e $$$ de a 'n#a e/act ce se !oate 'n#a
n nmai la tineree" ci de a contina 'n#area" de a re'n#a" sa de a !erfeciona" ceea ce este
!osibil i 'n alte !erioade ale #ieii$
9in cele e/!se" se !oate s!ne c edcaia !ermanent re!re%int n continm care
strbate ca n fir ro 'ntreaga #ia !ersonal a omli contem!oran i !ro!ne o no strctr
edcaional" a#'nd fncia de a de a reali%a cone/ini creatoare" democratice de a con)ga
'n#area organi%at c cea s!ontan" dif% i discontin$
Conce!tl de edcaie !ermanent a a!rt !rin anii ;6 sb im!lsl organi%aiilor
U<+SCA i Consilil +ro!ei" interesate s dif%e%e ideea ofertei de anse egale de de%#oltare
general !entr fiecare indi#id de&a lngl 'ntregii sale #iei i 'n toate domeniile" c sco!l de a
!artici!a !lenar la de%#oltarea societii$ B$>$ 9a#e 37CD;4" n s!ecialist de #a% din domenil
!edagogiei" ne !ro!ne rmtoarele obiecti#e a edcaiei !ermanente2
7$ Scopuri convenionale2 a 'n#a s citeti" s scrii" s calcle%i s&i conser#i
sntatea" i 'n final s dob'ndeti o calificare !rofesional$
5$ Scopuri ce presupun o nou situaie2 ele !ri#esc idealrile relati#e la de%#oltarea
societii * l!ta !entr !ace i democraie" !entr libertatea i bnstarea
cetenilor$
E$ Scopuri de importan central2 acestea se a/ea% !e de%#oltarea !ersonal"
asigr'nd o no calitate a #ieii$ ,ntre acestea2
achi%iionarea ni baga) !ersonal ino#atorF
conser#area ni s!irit t'nr" caracteri%at !rin fle/ibilitate" crio%itate i
creati#itateF
de%#oltarea ca!acitii de a face alegeri res!onsabileF
anga)area socialF
dorina de a de!i 'n !ermanenF
re'm!ros!tarea contin a cnotinelor" n de dragl acmlrii ci
!entr a dega)a eseniall$
:$ Scopuri instrumentale2 a 'n#a !entr a 'n#a" a 'n#a 'm!ren c aliiF a
de%#olta ca!acitatea de a !rofita de e/!eriena edcati# de)a dob'nditF a a#ea
iniiati#a 'n#rii
9in e/aminarea obiecti#elor de mai ss am !tea constata c2 filo%ofia edcaiei
!ermanente este aceea de a tre%i" 'n fiecare indi#id" ne#oia de a contina stdil i formarea"
gstl !entr e/!eriene noi" dorina de a se atode!i i de a&i de%#olta calitatea !ro!riei #iei$
Acest mod de a 'nelege e/istena i de a tri este srsa nei dinamici !ersonale" a
anga)amentli 'n schimbarea #ieii !ersonale i !rofesionale$
,n continare" B$>$ 9a#e afirm c2 -+dcaia !ermanent este n !roces de
!erfecionare a de%#oltrii !ersonale" sociale i !rofesionale !e drata 'ntregii #iei a indi#i%ilor
5:D
'n sco!l 'mbntirii calitii #ieii" at't a indi#i%ilor" c't i a colecti#itii lor$ Aceasta este o
idee nificatoare care inclde 'n#area formal" nonformal i informal !entr dob'ndirea i
'mbogirea ni ori%ont de cnoatere care s !ermit atingerea celi mai 'nalt ni#el de
de%#oltare !osibil 'n diferite stadii i domenii ale #ieii.$
9in aceast !ers!ecti# edcaia !emanent a!are 'ntr&o strctr com!le/ i fle/ibil
totodat * coala" institiile de cltr" mass&media" familia" organi%aiile edcati#e * concr'nd
toate la asistena com!le/ a omli" 'ntreaga #ia$ Aliment'nd&se din informaiile" ideile"
o!tinile etc$ #ehiclate de familie" scoala" alte instittii" indi#idl 'si formea%a tre!tat n
instrment de !erce!tie i inter!retare a medili" o modalitate de a g'ndi !ractic" de a cnoaste
i sta!'ni conte/tl social" de a elabora mental realitatea" transform'nd obiectele sociale
3!ersoane" conte/te" sitaii4 'n categorii simbolice 3#alori" credine" ideologii4$ Be!re%entarile
sociale" manifestate !rin o!eraii mentale" !rin !rocese generati#e de sistemati%are a
conintrilor cogniti#e" organi%ea% realitile concrete 'n imagini simbolice" constitie o form
de g'ndire sociala a realitii" o reconstrctie a e/!erientelor !ersoanei" n as!ect e#alati#" o
idee 3conce!tie" schem mentala" model de abordare4 i o actine 3stil de condit" model
actional" com!ortament coo!erati# sa com!etiti#4 renite 'ntr&n 'ntreg i regl'nd relatiile c
lmea$
Un alt #estit !edagog 1ynch G$ ssine c2 +dcaia !ermanent con)g trei com!onente
eseniale2
& mi)loace i tehnici !entr a fa#ori%a 'n#areaF
& !ersoaneF
& n stoc de cnotine 3o acmlare de e/!eriene cltrale4 !e care trebie s le
combinm 'n aa fel 'nc't indi#idl s fie stimlat s !artici!e$
,n aa fel" indi#idl este a)tat s 'n#ee s rmreasc 'ntreaga #ia de%#oltarea
!otenialli s" s contribie la bna stare economic i la !rogresl !o!orli sF s triasc"
s 'n#ee i s schimbe 'n cadrl !rocesli de de%#oltare social" comnitatea creia 'i a!arine$
Astfel" edcaia !ermanent ne a!are ca o -ofert. de mi)loace" nific'nd edcaia
dis!ersat" !romo#'nd democrati%area relaiilor i o no conce!ie des!re calitatea #ieii$
S!re deosebire de ali atori" atorl rom?n" 0$ Hidean definete edcaia !ermanent
ca n !roces contin i necesar de%#oltrii !ersonalitii i ne !ro!ne rmtoarele
caracteristici ale edcaiei !ermanente2
& este continu" de#enind modl de a fi" de a mnci i de a se ada!ta omlF n
s!ri)in" i n o !o#ar" o obligaie$
& este global" integr'nd 'ntr&n continmtoate ni#elrile i ti!rile de edcaie
constitite sa e/istente 'n cadrl nei colecti#iti naionaleF
& este integral, asigr'nd tineretli i adlilor o formaie mltilateral i
echilibrat" care s le !ermit abordarea c scces a !roblemelor mlti!le$
Beieind din caracteristicile enmerate mai ss !tem afirma c !ersoana este n agent al
!ro!riei edcaii" combin'nd -'n#area. c res!onsabilitile ci#ice" familiale i !rofesionale$
(entr a !artici!a la acest !roces trebie s 'n#ing nele obstacole materiale 3dificlti de tim!"
#'rst" sntate" se/4 i !sihologice 3 timiditate 'n faa fenomenli cltral" de!recierea de ctre
medil social etc4 care !ot bloca calea s!re stattl de -edcat. sa -clti#at.$
+dcaia !ermanent ne a!are" astfel ca o -ofert. de mi)loace" nific'nd edcaia
dis!ersat" !romo#'nd democrati%area relaiilor i o no coce!ie des!re calitatea #ieii$
Benirea diferitor mi)loace i e/!eriene confer edcaiei !ermanente caracterl de !roces
-global." !e care&l sbliania% toi atorii$ +a renete edcaia 'n familie" edcaia de ba%
formal i diferite alte ti!ri de edcaie$ ,n acelai tim!" trebie s&l !regteasc !e indi#id
astfel 'nc't s de#in - c't mai mlt !ro!ril instrment al de%#oltrii sale !rin intermedil
mlti!lelor forme de atoinstrire." aa ne remarc n alt ator 1engrand ($
+dcaia !ermanent #i%ea% n at't sfera instrciei 3oferirea de informaii4" c't i
!osibilitatea de a forma" !n'nd accentl 'ndeosebi !e ne#oia de a a#ea oameni c't mai bine
-edcai. 'n societate$
5:I
9eci" ea a!are ca o continare a efortli de instrire" ca o deschidere s!re informare"
s!re schimbare i formare contin !e tot !arcrsl #ieii" aceste !ro!rieti re!re%entnd
cerinele de%#oltrii societii de a%i & cea a cnoaterii$
B"/&"*gra#"e
7$ 9a#e" B$ >$ +dcation !ermanent et !rogramme scolaireJ Institt de l Unesco !or l
+dcation$&>ambrg" 7CD;$& 7;; !$
5$ 9imitri +$+dcaia !ermanent * edcaie a 'ntregli !o!or J +$ 9imitri $&
Bcreti2+ditra 8tiinific i +nciclo!edic" 7CDI$&7ID !$
E$ 1ifelong learning and 1ifewide 1earning J <ational Agency for +dcation" Stockholm"
5666$
:$ 1engrand" ($ Introdcere 'n edcaia !ermanentJ ($ 1engrand$& Bcreti$ +ditra
9idactic i !edagogic"7CIE$& 5:; !$
K$ 1ynch" G$ +dcation !ermanente et la formation d !ersonelJ Institt de l Unesco !or l
+dcation$&>ambrg" 7CDI$& 7EI !$
;$ Memorandm as!ra ,n#rii (ermanente J Comisia Comnitilor +ro!ene$&
Brssels"5666
D$ <ecla" A$ +dcaia adlilorJ A$ <ecla $ &Iai2 (olirom" 5667$&555!$
I$ Sab" 0$1$ Societatea cnoaterii$ A !ers!ecti# rom?neasc J 0$ 1$ Sab $& bcreti 2
+ditra +conomic" 5667$&7:E !$
C$ @o!a" 1$ Sociologia edcaiei !ermanenteJ1$ @o!a $& Bcreti2 +ditra 8tiinific" 7CDI$&
5:;!$
01234053678 5 9:0;< 76=02>3?743@77: 605A8 :82B:8C?75A 7
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Suar!
E%u'at"*n "n t+e "n#*rat"*n e-*'+: ne$ -r*(-e't( an% ten%en'"e(
The !resent work is oriented towards same !roblems in the information e!och$ The basic
attention is !aid both to the informational !rocess and Informational Technology as well as to
their im!act !on the de#elo!ment of the edcational system$ Also this work re#eals the general
as!ects knowledge and factors which increase the le#el of efficiency of sing IT in the
edcational !rocess$
Re.uat
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