1

Cand veti termina de studiat acest volum veti putea sa:

Formulati pluralul substantivelor si sa
detectati genul cuvintelor.
Folositi corect principalele timpuri verbale.
Explicati de ce engleza pe care o vorbiti va
fi cu atat mai interesanta cu cat veti putea
folosi mai multe cuvinte descriptive.

CUPRINS
SELECTION 1 METODE DE STUDIU 3
Citire, ascultare, scriere
SELECTION 2 CUVINTE 5
2
Singularul si pluralul
Genul cuvintelr
!cu", "ai tar#iu sau sapta"ana trecuta
Cuvinte $escriptive
Cuvinte pentru in$icarea cantitatii
UNIT 1 %EVISION& 'lurals( Gen$er ) *r$s(
N+, ,ester$a- r T"rr+.
'resent
Si"ple
UNIT 2 Descriptive *r$s 15
UNIT 3 T/e 0uture Tense1Si"ple 0uture 12
UNIT 4 'resent 'er)ect 21
UNIT 5 Si"ple 'resent Cntinus 25
!n$
Si"ple 'ast Cntinus
UNIT 6 'resent per)ect Cntinus 22
METODE DE STUDIU
STUDIEREA CURSULUI
Studiul
3
Acesta este primul din cele trei volume de studiu Telemarketing
Promotion care oera o introducere acila in olosirea lim!ii engle"e # pentru
cei ara prea multe cunostinte in domeniu$ Este de asemenea un e%celent
curs de recapitulare pentru cei care au terminat scoala cu multi ani in urma si
care au uitat multe din cunostintele acumulate$
&eti vedea ca in aceste volume preliminare # in ma'oritatea e%emplelor
date sunt olosite numai cuvinte simple$ (ramatica este de asemenea
e%plicata intr)un mod simplu # ara a va solicita sa invatati prea multi termeni
de specialitate$
Dupa ce veti i studiat cu atentie aceste trei volume# lucrand iecare
set de veriicari# pe masura ce a'ungeti la ele in timplul studierii cursului#
veti i invatat suicient pentru a va e%prima corect si clar in lim!a engle"a$
*iecare mapa de curs contine un numar de +, teste# care constituie o
parte importanta a studiului dumneavoastra$ *iecare test tre!uie re"olvat
integral in scris si trimis spre corectare indrumatorului personal$ In acest
el# va veriicati pas cu pas cunostintele acumulate$
In aproape iecare casa se ala un dictionar engle" - roman si orice
student care nu are acasa unul poate ace rost$ Tineti dictionarul langa
dumneavoastra in timp ce studiati sau cititi$
3
*olositi)va si timpul li!er pentru a citi# nu numai perioadele de studiu$
In timp ce cititi# invatati cuvintele noi si modul in care ele se inlantuie in
ra"e$ Astel# capacitatea dumneavoastra de a intelege engle"a creste$ Este
oarte important sa cititi. cititi articole din "iare si reviste - c/iar si
reclame# desi acestea nu sunt totdeauna un g/id de incredere pentru o
engle"a mai !una$
*aceti din ascultarea lim!ii engle"e# ori de cate ori este posi!il# o
parte a studiului dumneavoastra$ Daca ascultati la radio sau la televi"or# veti
invata mai multe cuvinte# cum sa le legati intre ele si cum sa le pronuntati
corect$ A asculta si a sta de vor!a cu alte persoane este un alt e%ercitiu# dar
aici e%ista in cele mai multe tari o diicultate# intru)cat nu toti oamenii
pronunta la el# dierentele depin"and in primul rand de "ona de origine a
persoanelor in cau"a$ Dumneavoastra tre!uie sa invatati sa scrieti si sa
vor!iti engle"a standard# adica acea orma a engle"ei care nu pre"inta
variatii regionale$ 0u e%ista in engle"a standard cuvinte sau structuri
gramaticale care sa nu ie olosite in tarile unde se vor!este engle"a ca
lim!a nativa$ Cand vor!im amiliar# olosim pro!a!il cuvinte speciice "onei in
care traim1 dar dumneavoastra tre!uie sa invatati sa scrieti si sa vor!iti
engle"a standard$ De asemenea# oamenii ac greseli in vor!irea engle"ei1
tre!uie sa invatati sa depistati aceste greseli# astel incat sa nu le repetati$
In sarsit# engle"a vor!ita si cea scrisa nu sunt a!solut identice1 putem vor!i
mai li!er# mai amiliar decat scriem$
5
Citind# ascultand si vor!ind puteti invata nu numai cuvinte# ci si cum sa
le olositi in ra"e# dar este c/iar mai important sa e%ersati olosind aceste
cuvinte pentru a va e%prima propriile idei$ Incercati sa olositi cuvintele noi
pe care le au"iti sau le cititi si curand va veti da seama ca puteti sa va scrieti
propriile ganduri$
Ar i inutil sa invatati cum se scrie sau cum suna un cuvant# daca nu
stiti si ce inseamna. in aceasta consta a'utorul dictionarului$ Tre!uie sa iti
pregatiti pentru o munca grea si constanta# dar asigurati)va ca stiti intelesul
iecarui cuvant nou si in acest el veti putea sa)l olositi corect$
SINGU!"U SI #U"!U
4
Ce sunt cuvintele$
Cuvantul este repre"entat de un sunet sau un grup de sunete
Prin care toti mem!rii unui grup inteleg acelas lucru$ Lim!a repre"inta
totalitatea cuvintelor$
Cand scriem# olosim litere pentru a nota sunetele cuvintelor$ *iecare
sunet e%istent intr)o lim!a poate i repre"entat de o anumita litera sau de
un grup de litere$ Scrierea s)a de"voltat pro!a!il intr)un mod similar lim!ii
vor!ite$ La inceput# se pare ca oamenii comunicau unul cu altul prin desene$ In
timp desenele au a'uns sa repre"inte lucruri asociate cuvintelor# mai de gra!a
decat o!iectul propriu)"is$ Astel un soare desenat putea insemna caldura
sau lumina$ Prin repetitie# desenele s)ar i simpliicat din ce in ce mai mult#
a'ungand in cele din urma sa arate ca literele ala!etului scris$ Tot asa#
aceste sim!oluri ar i a'uns sa repre"inte sunete independente2 pro!a!il
sunetele initiale ale o!iectelor3 si nu o!iecte sau idei$
UNU S!U %!I %U& 'E UNU$
Deseori dorim sa vor!im sau sa scriem despre mai mult de o persoana
sau un lucru# si cel mai simplu mod de a ace acest lucru este sa adaugam
litere# ca in e%emplele urmatoare.
Singular
A dog T/e dog 4ne dog
Un caine Cainele Un caine#numeral

Plural
T5o dogs Some dogs Several dogs
Doi caini 0iste caini 6ai multi caini

5
Termenii singular si plural sunt destul de e%pliciti .
Singular inseamna numai unul# in vreme ce plural inseamna mai mult de unul$
E%emplu .
7ed 2pat3 !eds
8ouse 2casa3 8ouses
Picture 2ta!lou3 Pictures
7uilding 2constructie3 7uildings
7oat 2!arca3 7oats
River 2rau3 Rivers
Tree 2copac3 Trees
Plant 2planta3 Plants
*lo5er 2loare3 *lo5ers
(irl 2ata3 (irls
7o9 2!aiat3 7o9s
S/ip 2vapor3 S/ips
7all 2minge3 7alls
4cean 2ocean3 4ceans
6ountain 2munte3 6ountains
*orest 2padure3 *orests
Lion 2leu3 Lions
7ird 2pasare3 7irds
Room 2camera3 Rooms
E%ista cateva moduri de a orma pluralul cuvintelor$ Acestea vor i e%plicate
in cele ce urmea"a$


Plurals .
Solve t/e ollo5ing e%ercises !ut do not send t/eam to Anot/er Lie
Services$
+$ :rite do5n t/e singular orm o t/ese 5ords.
(eese
6
*eets
6ices
S/eeps
;$ :rite do5n t/e plural o t/e ollo5ing 5ords .
Street
7us
:oman
Toot/
0ouns ending in o
&olcano volcanoes
Tomato tomatoes
6ost 5ords ending in o add es or plural1 !ut 5/en t/ere is a vo5el
!eore t/e o 'ust add s$
Radio radios
Studio studios
And also .
P/oto p/otos
Piano pianos
0ous ending in ss# s/# c/# % orm t/eir plural !9 adding an es
Class classes
C/urc/ c/urc/es
7rus/ !rus/es
7o% !o%es
T8E (E0DER 4* 04U0S .
6asculine *eminine Common
6ale emale !ot/ se%es
2
Actor Actress C/ild# !a!9
7o9 (irl Spouse
8us!and :ie
king <ueen 6onarc/
Lion Lioness Person
6an :omen
6aster 6istress
Ste5ard ste5ardees
T/e ending ess is one o t/e 5a9s o orming t/e eminine o a
masculine 5ord .
+$ :rite do5n t/e eminine o t/e oll5ing 5ords .
Prince
Dog
7aron
;$ :rite do5n t/e masculine o t/e ollo5ing 5ords .
Lad9
:omen
Co5
04: # LATER 4R LAST :EE= >
T4DA?# T464RR4:# ?ESTERDA?
I and t/e action

Tense
Aspect
Present Past *uture
SI6PLE I eat I eat 9esterda9 I s/all eat
tomorro5
17
C40TI0U4US I am eating I 5as eating I s/all !e
eating
PER*ECT I /ave eaten I /ad eaten I s/all /ave
eaten
PER*ECT @
C40TI0U4US
I /ave !een
Eating
I /ad !een
Eating
I s/all /ave !een
eating
0ote t/at eac/ Tense /as our aspects#t/at last one !eing a
com!ination o t/e previous t5o$T/e Continuous suggests a preogressive kind
o action# t/e Perect - an action covering an interval o time# as opposed to
a moment 2 as it is 5it/ t/e Simple Aspect 3$
Regular ver!s rom t/e Past !9 adding -ed at t/e end# !ut t/ere are
also ver!s 5ic/ /ave t5o orms or t/e past . t/ese are called irregular
ver!s 2 see !ppendix ( in t/e Preliminar9 Course 3
E%emple.
8e# S/e# It and t/e Action
PRESE0T PAST *UTURE
8e eats 8e eat 8e 5ill eat
8e is eating 8e 5as eating 8e 5ill !e eating
S/e eats S/e eat S/e 5ill eat
RE6E67ER
*or t/e A
rd
person singular# add s at t/e end o t/e ver!B
T/e Present Tense o t/e &er! to like
11
A**IR6ATI&E
SI0(ULAR PLURAL
I like 5e like
?ou like 9ou like
8e t/e9 like
S/e likes
It
&er!s ending in s# ss #c/# s/# "# o# add es or t/e t/e A
rd
person
singular.
To cross) /e crosses
To !u"")it !u""es
To pus/)s/e pus/es
To do)/e does
To go)s/e goes
See also !ppendix ).
T/e Present o t/e &er! T4 8A&E
A**IR6ATI&E + A*IR6ATI&E ; I0TERR4(ATI&E
I /ave ICve 8ave I>
?ou /ave ?ou1ve 8ave 9ou>
8e /as
S/e /as
It /as
8eCs
S/eCs
ItCs
8as /e>
8as s/e>
8as it>
:e /ave :eCve 8ave 5e>
?ou /ave ?ouCve 8ave 9ou>
12
T/e9 /ave T/e9Cve
8ave t/e9>
0E(ATI&E
+
0E(ATI&E
;
0E(ATI&E
A
I0TER4(ARTI&E
+
0E(ATI&E
;
I /ave not ICve not IC/avenCt 8ave I not> 8avenCt I>
?ou /ave
not
?ouCve not ?ou /avenCt> 8ave 9ou not> 8avenCt 9ou>
8e /as not
S/e /as not
It /as not
8eCs not
S/eCs not
ItCs not
8e /asnCt>
S/e /asnCt>
It /asnCt>
8e
8as s/e not>
it
8e
8avenCt s/e>
It
:e /ave
not
:eCve not :e /avenCt> 8ave 5e not> 8avenCt 5e>
?ou /ave
not
?ouCve 9ou
/avenCt
?ou /avenCt 8ave 9ou not> 8avenCt 9ou>
T/e9 /ave
not
T/e9Cnot T/e9
/avenCt>
8ave t/e9 not> 8avenCt
t/e9>
Airmative.
I /aveDICve
Present Tense o t/e &er! T4 SEE
A**IR6ATI&E I0TERR4(ATI&E 0E(ATI&E
+
0E(ATI&E
;
I0TERR4(ATI&E
0E(ATI&E
I see Do I see> I do not see I donCt see> Do I not see>
DonCt I see>
?ou see do 9ou see> ?ou do not
see>
?ou donCt
see>
Do 9ou not see>
DonCt 9ou see>
13
8e see
S/e sees
It see
Does /e see>
Does s/e see>
Does It see>
8e does not
see
S/e does
not see
It does not
see
8e doesnCt
see>
S/e doesnCt
see>
It doesnCt
see>
DoesnCt 8e see>
DoesnCt s/e see>
DoesnCt It see>
:e see Do 5e see> :e do not
see
:e donCt
see>
Do 5e not see>
DonCt 5e see>
9ou see Do 9ou see> ?ou do not
see
?ou donCt
see>
Do 9ou not see>
DonCt 9ou see>
T/e9 see Do t/e9 see> T/e9 do not
see
T/e9 donCt
see>
Do t/e9 not see>
DonCt t/e9 see>
Present Tense o t/e &er! T4 READ
A**IR6ATI&E I0TERR4(ATI&E 0E(ATI&E + 0E(ATI&E ;
IN&E""*G!&I+E
0E(ATI&E
I read Do I read> I do not read I donCt read> Do I not read>
DonCt I read>
?ou read Do 9ou read> ?ou do not
read
?ou donCt
read>
Do 9ou not read>
DonCt 9ou read>
13
8e reads
S/e reads
It reads
Does /e read>
Does s/e read
Does it read>
8e does not
read
S/e does not
read
It does not
read
8e doesnCt
read>
S/e doesnCt
read>
It doesnCt
read>
DoesnCt /e read>
DoesnCt s/e
read>
DoesnCt it read>
:e read Do 5e read> :e do not
read
:e donCt
read>
Do 5e not read>
DonCt 5e read>
?ou read Do 9ou read> ?ou do not
read
?ou donCt
read>
Do 9ou not read>
DonCt 9ou read>
T/e9 read Do t/e9 read> T/e9 do not
read
T/e9 donCt
read>
Do t/e9 not
read>
DonCt t/e9 read>


DESCRIPTI&E :4RD
:/at kind o> Person or t/ing>
T/e 5a9 5e speak 5ould !e ver9 !oring 5it/out using various
descriptive 5ord to /elp us e%press 2 and e%plain 3 t/e colour# s/ape and si"e
$ t/e eautures o t/e t/ings 5e speak a!out$
15
8ere 9ou /ave some ad'ectives$ Look in t/e dictionar9 or t/eir
meaning and 5rite it do5n in t/e coumms !ello5$
C4L4UR
Red
(reen
?ello5
7lue
4range
:/ite
7lack
Purple
Pink
7ro5n
S8APE
SEuare
4val
Round
Triangular
Straig/t
*lat
Curved
C8ARACTERISTICS
@
E%cellent
Pleasant
Delicious
7eautiul
0ice
=ind
(enerous
*riendl9
8elpul
8app9
C8ARACTERISTICS
)
Unpleasant
A5ul
Ugl9
6ean
6isera!le
0ast9
SIFE
7ig
Enormous
8ig/
Large
6edium
Small
Tin9
(igantic
8uge
Little
Long
6inute
Tall
&ast
Tr9 to ind ot/er 5ords t/at e%press s/ape# c/aracteristics 2 good or !ad 3#
kind and si"e and add t/em to t/e ones given /ere$ As 9ou /ave pro!a!l9
noticed# t/ere are people using a 5ord or a couple o 5ord ver9 oten$ Tr9 to
avoid t/is and learn as man9 descriptive 5ord as 9ou can# rat/er t/an sa9ing.
a nice evening # some nice people# a nice soup# nice !ooks# nice movies# an
en'o9a!le /olida9$
EGERCISE.
14
Ans5er t/e ollo5ing Euestions !ut do not send t/em to A04T8ER
LI*E SER&ICES$ Use a dictionar9 to identi9 t/e ollo5ing 5ord$ ?ou are
given t/e irst t5o letters o t/e 5ord# t/e num!er o letters o t/e 5/ole
5ord and its meaning$
ci$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ H letters s/aped like a circle
c/IIIIIII$$ H letters !rig/t and livel9
!eIIIIIII$ J letters lovel9 to look at
deIIIIIII$ J letters tasting ver9 pleasant
e%IIIIIII$ H letters stirring stimulating
enIIIIIII$$ J letters 5/ic/ gives pleasure or 'o9
e%IIIIII$$ $$ J letters ver9 good indeed
meIIIIIII$$ K letters neit/er large nor small
miIIIIIIII K letters ver9 small indeed
miIIIIIIII$ J letters ver9 sad and depressed
:4RD T4 S84: <UA0TIT?
8o5 muc/ and 8o5 man9>
*iind in t/e dictionar9 t/e meaning o t/e 5ords.
A!out
An9
15
*e5
Little
6uc/
6an9
0one
Several
Some

Compare
:omens 4il
6an9 4!'ects 7UT 6uc/ :ater
Cups o coee coee



T/e *uture Tense)Simple *uture
T/e Simple *uture o t/e &er! T4 :ATC8
A**IR6ATI&E + A**IR6ATI&E ; TRADUCERE
16
I s/all 5atc/ ICll 5atc/ &oi privi
?ou 5ill 5atc/ ?ouCll 5atc/ &ei privi
8e 5ill 5atc/
S/e 5ill 5atc/
It 5ill 5atc/
8eCll 5atc/
S/eCll 5atc/
ItCll 5atc/
&a privi
:e s/all 5atc/ :eCll 5atc/ &om privi
?ou 5ill 5atc/ ?ouCll 5atc/ &eti privi
T/e9 5ill 5atc/ T/e9Cll 5atc/ &or privi

0E(ATI&E + 0E(ATI&E ;
I s/all not 5atc/ I s/anCt 5atc/
?ou 5ill not 5atc/ ?ou 5onCt 5atc/
8e 5ill not 5atc/
S/e 5ill not 5atc/
It 5ill not 5atc/
8e 5onCt 5atc/
S/e 5onCt 5atc/
It 5onCt 5atc/
:e s/all not 5atc/ :e 5onCt 5atc/
?ou 5ill not 5atc/ ?ou 5onCt 5atc/
T/e9 5ill not 5atc/ T/e9 5onCt 5atc/
I0TERR4(ATI&E I0TERR4(ATI&E
0E(ATI&E +
I0TERR4(ATI&E
0E(ATI&E ;
S/all I 5atc/ S/all I not 5atc/> S/anCt I 5atc/>
:ill 9ou 5atc/ :ill 9ou not 5atc/> :onCt 9ou 5atc/>
:ill /e 5atc/
:ill s/e 5atc/
:ill it 5atc/
:ill /e not 5atc/>
:ill s/e not 5atc/>
:ill it not 5atc/>
:onCt /e 5atc/>
:onCt s/e 5atc/>
5onCt il 5atc/>
S/all 5e 5atc/ S/all 5e not 5atc/> :onCt 5e 5atc/>
:ill 9ou 5atc/ :ill 9ou not 5atc/> :onCt 9ou 5atc/>
:ill t/e9 5atc/ :ill t/e9 not 5atc/> :onCt t/e9 5atc/>
12


T/e Present Perect Tense
T/e Present Perect o t/e &er! T4 PLA?
27
A**IR6ATI&E + A**IR6ATI&E ; I0TERR4(ATI&E
I /ave pla9ed ICve pla9ed 8ave I pla9ed>
?ou /ave pla9ed ?ouCve pla9ed 8ave 9ou pla9ed>
8e /as pla9ed
S/e /as pla9ed
It /as pla9ed
8eCs pla9ed
S/eCs pla9ed
ItCs pla9ed
8as /e pla9ed>
8as s/e pla9ed>
8as it pla9ed>
:e /ave pla9ed :eCve pla9ed 8ave 5e pla9ed>
?ou /ave pla9ed ?ouCve pla9ed 8ave 9ou pla9ed>
T/e9 /ave pla9ed T/e9Cve pla9ed 8ave t/e9 pla9ed>

0E(ATI&E + 0E(ATI&E ;
I /ave not pla9ed ICve not pla9ed
?ou /ave not pla9ed ?ouCve pla9ed
8e /as not pla9ed
S/e /as not pla9ed
It /as not pla9ed
8eCs not pla9ed
S/eCs not pla9ed
ItCs not pla9ed
:e /ave not pla9ed :eCve not pla9ed
?ou /ave not pla9ed ?ouCve not pla9ed
T/e9 /ave not pla9ed T/e9Cve not pla9ed

I0TERR4(ATI&E
0E(ATI&E
+
I0TERR4(ATI&E
0E(ATI&E
;
8ave I not pla9ed> 8avenCt I pla9ed>
8ave 9ou not pla9ed> 8avenCt 9ou pla9ed>
8as /e not pla9ed>
8as s/e not pla9ed>
8as it not pla9ed>
8ansCt /e pla9ed>
8ansCt s/e pla9ed>
8ansCt it pla9ed>
8ave 5e not pla9ed> 8avenCt 5e pla9ed>
8ave 9ou not pla9ed> 8avenCt 9ou pla9ed>
8ave t/e9 not pla9ed> 8avenCt t/e9 pla9ed>
21
T/e Present Perect o t/e &er! T4 D4
A**IR6ATI&E + A**IR6ATI&E ; I0TERR4(ATI&E
I /ave done ICve done 8ave I done>
?ou /ave done ?ouCve done 8ave 9ou done>
8e /as done
S/e /as done
It /as done
8eCs done
S/eCs done
ItCs done
8as /e done>
8as s/e done>
8as it done>
:e /ave done :eCve done 8ave 5e done>
?ou /ave done ?ouCve done 8ave 9ou done>
T/e9 /ave done T/e9Cve done 8ave t/e9 done>
0E(ATI&E + 0E(ATI&E ;
I /ave not done ICve not done
?ou /ave not done ?ouCve not done
8e /as not done
S/e /as not done
It /as not done
8eCs not done
S/eCs not done
ItCs not done
:e /ave not done :eCve not done
?ou /ave note done ?ouCve not done
T/e9 /ave not done T/e9Cve not done
22
I0TERR4(ATI&E
0E(ATI&E
+
I0TERR4(ATI&E
0E(ATI&E
;
8ave I not done> 8avenCt I done>
8ave 9ou not done> 8avenCt 9ou done>
8as /e not done>
8as s/e not done>
8as it not done>
8asnCt /e done>
8asnCt s/e done>
8asnCt it done>
8ave 5e not done> 8avenCt 5e done>
8ave 9ou not done> 8avenCt 9ou done>
8ave t/e9 not done> 8avenCt t/e9 done>

T8E SI6PLE PRESE0T C40TI0U4US A0D
T8E SI6PLE PAST C40TI04US
T/e Present Continous o t/e ver! T4 S6ILE
Airmative + Airmative ; Interrogative
I am smiling ICmsmiling Am I smiling>
?ou are smiling ?ouCre smiling Are 9ou smiling>
23
8e is smiling
S/e is smiling
8eCs smiling
S/eCs smiling
Is /e smiling>
Is /e smiling>
:e are smiling :eCre smiling Are 5e smiling>
?ou are smiling ?ouCre smiling Are 9ou smiling>
T/e9 are smiling T/erCre smiling Are t/e9 smiling>


NEG!&I+E , NEG!&I+E (
I am not smiling ICm not smiling
?ou are not smiling ?ouCre not smiling
8e is not smiling
S/e is not smiling
It is not smiling
8eCs not smiling
S/eCs not smiling
ItCs not smiling
:e are not smiling :eCre not smiling
?ou are not smiling ?ouCre not smiling
T/e9 are not smiling T/e9Cre not smiling
I0TERR4(ATI&E
0E(ATI&E
+
I0TERR4(ATI&E
0E(ATI&E
;
Am I not smiling> ArenCt I smiling>
Are 9ou not smiling> ArenCt 9ou smiling>
Is /e not smiling>
Is s/e not smiling>
Is it not smiling>
IsnCt /e smiling>
IsnCt s/e smiling>
IsnCt it smiling>
Are 5e not smiling> ArenCt 5e smiling>
Are 9ou not smiling> ArenCt 9ou smiling>
Are t/e9 not smiling> ArenCt t/e9 smiling>
23
Simple Past Continous o t/e &er! T4 S6ILE
A**IR6ATI&E
I 5as smiling
?ou 5ere smiling
8e 5as smiling
S/e 5as smiling
It 5as smiling
:e 5ere smiling
?ou 5ere smiling
25
T/e9 5ere smiling
I0TERR4(ATI&E
:as I smiling>
:ere 9ou smiling>
:as /e smiling>
:as s/e smiling>
:as it smiling>
:ere 5e smiling>
:ere 9ou smiling>
:ere t/e9 smiling>

0E(ATI&E + 0E(ATI&E ;
I 5as not smiling I 5asnCt smiling
?ou not 5ere smiling ?ou 5erenCt smiling
8e 5as not smiling
S/e 5as not smiling
It 5as not smiling
8e 5asnCt smiling
S/e 5asnCt smiling
It 5asnCt smiling
:e 5ere not smiling :e 5erenCt smiling
?ou 5ere not smiling ?ou 5erenCt smiling
T/e9 5ere not smiling T/e9 5erenCt smiling

I0TERR4(ATI&E
0E(ATI&E
+
I0TERR4(ATI&E
0E(ATI&E
;
:as I not smiling> :asnCt I smiling>
:ere 9ou not smiling> :erenCt 9ou smiling>
:as /e not smiling>
:as s/e not smiling>
:as it not smiling>
:asnCt /e smiling>
:asnCt s/e smiling>
:asnCt it smiling>
:ere 5e not smiling> :erenCt 5e smiling>
:ere 9ou not smiling> :erenCt 9ou smiling>
:ere t/e9 not smiling> :erenCt t/e9 smiling>
24


PRESE0T PER*ECT C40TI04USL?
Present Perect Continuous o t/e &er! T4 PLA?
A**IR6ATI&E + A**IR6ATI&E ; I0TERR4(ATI&E
25
I /ave !een pla9ing ICve /ave !een pla9ing 8ave I !een pla9ing>
?ou /ave !een pla9ing ?ouCre /ave !een pla9ing 8ave 9ou !een pla9ing>
8e /as !een pla9ing
S/e /as !een pla9ing
It /as !een pla9ing
8eCs /ave !een pla9ing
S/eCs /ave !een pla9ing
ItCs /ave !een pla9ing
8as /e !een pla9ing>
8as s/e !een pla9ing>
8as it !een pla9ing>
:e /ave !een pla9ing :eCre /ave !een pla9ing 8ave 5e !een pla9ing>
?ou /ave !een pla9ing ?ouCre /ave !een pla9ing 8ave 9ou !een pla9ing>
T/e9 /ave !een pla9ing T/e9Cre /ave !een pla9ing 8ave t/e9 !een pla9ing>
0E(ATI&E + 0E(ATI&E +
I /ave not !een pla9ing ICve not !een pla9ing
?ou /ave not !een pla9ing ?ouCve not !een pla9ing
8e /as not !een pla9ing
S/e /as not !een pla9ing
It /as not !een pla9ing
8eCs not !een pla9ing
S/eCs not !een pla9ing
ItCs not !een pla9ing
:e /ave not !een pla9ing :eCve not !een pla9ing
?ou /ave not !een pla9ing ?ouCve not !een pla9ing
T/e9 /ave not !een pla9ing T/e9Cve not !een pla9ing
I0TERR4(ATI&E
0E(ATI&E
+
I0TERR4(ATI&E
0E(ATI&E
;
8ave I not !een pla9ing> 8avenCt I !een pla9ing>
8ave 9ou not !een pla9ing> 8avenCt 9ou !een pla9ing>
8as /e not !een pla9ing>
8as s/e not !een pla9ing>
8as it not !een pla9ing>
8ansCt /e !een pla9ing>
8ansCt s/e !een pla9ing>
8ansCt it !een pla9ing>
8ave 5e not !een pla9ing> 8avenCt 5e !een pla9ing>
8ave 9ou not !een pla9ing> 8avenCt 9ou !een pla9ing>
8ave t/e9 not !een pla9ing> 8avenCt t/e9 !een pla9ing>
26
Aspectele ver!ului in lim!a engle"a
&er!ele in lim!a engle"a pot avea patru aspecte. simplu 2 Simple 3# progresiv
2 Continous 3# peect 2 Perect 3 si perect progresiv 2 Perect Continous 3$ *iecare
22
dintre aceste aspecte poate aparea la oricare dintre cele trei timpuri. present
2Present 3# trecut 2 Past 3 si viitor 2 *uture 3$
Aspectele progresiv si perect le corespunde cate un ver! au%iliar 2 cu
care se ormea"a 3# care preia timpul si persoana ver!ului de con'ugat 1 aspectul
progresiv perect se ormea"a prin com!inarea celor doua au%iliare $
Astel.
Continous Tense se ormea"a cu au%iliarul to !e .
to !e @ ininitivul ver!ului de con'ugat @ ing
2 la timpul si persoana ver!ului con'ugat 3
Perect Tense se ormea"a cu au%iliarul to /ave .
to /ave 2 la timpul si persoana ver!ului de con'ugat 3 @ orma a A a ver!ului
con'ugat
Perect Continous Tense se ormea"a cu am!ele au"iliare$ to !e si to /ave.
To /ave @ !een @ ininitivul de con'ugat @ ing$
Transormarea timpurilor ver!ale in trecerea de la vor!ire directa la cea
indirecta
37
DIRECT SPEEC8 I0DIRECT SPEEC8
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Present Simple Past Simple
Present Perect Past Perect
Past Perect 0o c/ange
Past Simple Past Perect
Past Continuous 0o c/ange
S/allL5ill :ould
Can 0o c/ange
6ust Could
Could 0o c/ange
4ug/t to 0o c/ange
6a9 6ig/t
31