Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Management n sntate
XVII/4/2013; pp. 21-25
INTRODUCERE:
Comunitile, ca aezminte umane, au culturi
diferite ce determin aciuni colective. Una dintre
aceste comuniti este organizaia care e definit[ ca
"entitatea social n care persoane lucreaz mpreun
n baza unui accord aprobat i coordonat pentru
atingerea obiectivelor colective i ale organizaiei" [1]. Organizaiile reprezint temelia aflat la
baza societii actuale n care managementul este cel
mai important factor de supravieuire, cretere i
dezvoltare, ori de destrmare a societii. Pe de alt
parte, organizaiile, n care exist oameni, au i o
cultur a organizaiei. Cu alte cuvinte, relaia dintre
cultur i organizaiei este similar celei dintre
persoan i personalitate i, aa cum pentru persoane
ar trebui s fie explorat personalitatea lor, n acelai
fel, pentru dezvoltarea de organizaii care, la rndul
su, va duce la dezvoltarea societii, cultura
organizaio-nal ar trebui s fie investigat [2].
n rndul diferitelor discipline tiinifice nu exist
consens cu privire la conceptual i definirea termenului de "cultur". Din perspectiva organizaiei,
cultura a fost interpretat ca un lan puternic care
asigur stabilitatea organizaiei [3]. De asemenea,
cultura organizational poate fi definit ca un sistem de
intenii mprtite, ori de caracteristici care constituie
sistemul dominant de valori ale organizaiei acceptate de
ctre membrii ei, i care permite a se face distincie ntre
organizaie i o alt organizaie [2]. Cultura organizational reprezint obiceiurile, legitile, regulile,
reglementrile i procedurile care sunt ateptate a fi
urmate de ctre membrii organizaiei cnd desfoar
activitile zilnice. Pe de alt parte, actualmente, multe
organizaii ncearc s ajung la un nivel mai nalt de
maturitate, n evoluia gradual a proceselor lor. Maturitatea organizaiei descrie cunotinele aptitudinile i
22
Management n sntate
XVII/4/2013; pp. 21-25
MANAGEMENT ORGANIZAIONAL
ATERIAL I METODE:
Cercetarea este un studiu descriptiv-analitic,
transversal, desfurat la nivelul anului 2012. Lotul
de studiu a fost reprezentat de angajaii a dou spitale generale afiliate Universitii de tiine Medicale din Shiraz. A
fost selectat un eantion de 187 angajai, aplicnd modelul
studiilor anterioare, conform formulei de mai jos
(presupunnd =0,05, =
0,1, r=0,5).Acest
eantion a fost selectat
utiliznd metoda
eantionrii stratificate,
proporional cu mrimea lotului, astfel nct fiecare angajat a fost selectat considernd numrul total de angajai din
fiecare spital i aplicnd selecia aleatorie cu ajutorul tabelei cu numere aleatorii. Datele au fost colectate cu ajutorul a dou chestionare. Primul chestionar a constat n
dou pri; prima parte a inclus 11 itemi pentru a determina caracteristicile demografice ale angajailor (vrsta,
sex, status marital, nivel educaie, experien etc.), iar a
doua parte a inclus 80 itemi elaborai de Hosseini i colegii
[7], i a fost utilizat pentru a evalua aspecte ale
organizaiei precum: indice masculinitate (7 itemi), atenie
la detalii (8 itemi), inovaie (6 itemi), risk asumat (6
itemi), stabilitate (4 itemi), colectivism (10 itemi), distan
puteri (3 itemi), i orientare spre birocraie (6 itemi). Pentru a msura aspectele culturii organizaionale s-a utilizat o
scal Likert cu 5 rspunsuri, unde 1 = foate puin i 5=
foarte mult [7]. Validitatea i fiabilitatea acestui chestionar
au fost confirmate de Hosseini i colegii ( = 0,88) i sunt
considerate a fi adecvate pentru scopul analizei.
Cel de-al doilea chestionar a inclus 6 itemi elaborai pe
baza versiunii persane a modelului P-CMM (People Capability Maturity Model), care a fost oferit de Universitatea
Carnegie Mellon; chestionarul a fost utilizat pentru a determina aspectele maturitii organizaionale incluznd:
Funcionari (16 itemi), Comunicare i coordonare (10
itemi), Work environment (8 itemi), performana managerial (10 itemi), Formare i dezvoltare (8 itemi), i Serviciu de recompensare (9 itemi). O scal Likert a fost utilizat pentru aprecierea maturitii organizaionale, unde 1 =
foate puin i 5= foarte mult [35-36]. Validitatea i fiabilitatea acestui chestionar au fost confirmate de Hatampour i
colegii ( = 0,96) i sunt considerate a fi adecvate pentru
scopul analizei [4]. Consimmntul informat a fost
obinut de la nursele particpante la studiu. Pentru analiza
statistic a datelor, ce a constat n calculul unor teste statistice precum Chi-ptrat, testul t, ANOVA, testul KruskalWallis, precum i coeficientul de corelaie Pearson, s-a
utilizat software-ul SPSS 16.0. O valoare a lui p<0,05 a
fost considerat semnificativ statistic.
EZULTATE:
Rezultatele evideniaz c majoritatea angajailor
studiai au fost brbai (n=105, 56,15%), cstorii
(n=101, 54,01%), cu vrste cuprinse sub 30 ani (n=97,
51,87%), au diploma de bacalaureat (n=89, 47,60%), lucreaz n departamente ce au n sarcin diagnosticarea i
tratarea (n=103, 55,09%), muncesc n baza unui contract
de munc (n=83, 44,38%), i au o experien profesional
pn n 10 ani (n=122, 65,24%) (Tabel 1). De asemenea,
rezultatele evideniaz c, dintre aspectele culturii
organizaionale, cele mai mari (26,267,11), respectiv cele
mai mici (8,503,06) scoruri medii au fost nregistrate
pentru Colectivism+Distana puteri. Dintre aspectele
maturitii organizaiei, cele mai mari (36,459,51),
respectiv mici (20,286,39) scoruri medii au fost
nregistrate pentru Funcionari+Sistem recompense (Tabel
2).
23
MANAGEMENT ORGANIZAIONAL
Management n sntate
XVII/4/2013; pp. 21-25
24
Management n sntate
XVII/4/2013; pp. 21-25
MANAGEMENT ORGANIZAIONAL
Funcionari
Comunicare
coordonare
0,260
0,649
0,552
0,434
0,397
0,666
0,335
0,432
0,574
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
0,527
0,754
0,732
0,758
0,732
0,871
0,637
0,636
0,839
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
0,673
0,802
0,702
0,772
0,783
0,787
0,686
0,610
0,853
Management
performant
Formare
dezvoltare
Sistem
recompense
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
0,642
0,738
0,674
0,776
0,732
0,757
0,811
0,551
0,827
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
0,475
0,639
0,600
0,633
0,620
0,643
0,731
0,385
0,688
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
0,451
0,655
0,639
0,540
0,657
0,719
0,525
0,511
0,697
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
0,564
0,803
0,737
0,737
0,732
0,844
0,694
0,594
0,845
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
Mediu de lucru
Total
Bibliografie:
1.AFJEH, A.-Philosophical principles and theories of leadership and organizational behavior. Tehran: The organization of reading and writing Humanities books of Universities (SAMT); 2006;
2.ABZARI, M., SERAYDARAN, H.-Organization behavior: Organization, Management and Stress (A Practical Approach). Esfahan: Arkan; 1997;
3.KORTE, R.F., CHERMACK, T.J.-Changing organizational culture with scenario planning. Futures. 39(6):645-5,.;2007
4.HATAMPOUR, F., YARMOHAMMADIAN, M.H., TAVAKOLI, N., SHAMS, A.-Organizational Maturity Needs in Medical Record Departments of Isfahan Public Hospitals Based on
People Capacity Maturity Model (PCMM). Director General. 8(6):765, 2012;
5.BENBASAT, I., DEXTER, A.S., MANTHA, R.W.-Impact of organizational maturity on information system skill needs. MIS quarterly.4(1):21-34, 1980;.
6.HOLLIS, M.-Trust Within Reason. 1 ed: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1998;
7.HOSSEINI, S., YARMOHAMADIAN, M.H., AJAMI, S.-The Relationship between organizational culture & rganizational Mathurity of staffs in Isfahan Medical University Hospitals Journal
of Hospital. 8(2):37-43,.;2010
8.DUNHAM-TAYLOR, J.-Nurse executive transformational leadership found in participative organizations. Journal of Nursing Administration. 30(5):241-50, 2000;
9.GHAHREMANI, M., PARDAKHTCHI, M.H., HOSEINZADE, T.-Organizational Culture and Organizatioal entrepreneurship. Journal of Public Administration Perspective. 1(1):25-41, 2010;
10.BOROMANDI HAGHIGHI, T.-Relationship between organizational culture and creativity of staff, administrators and administrative of Shiraz Medical University. SHIRAZ: Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; 2000;.
11.MOHAMADISADR, M., SIADAT, S.A., ABEDI, A.-A comparative Study of the Relationship between Organizational Maturity and Organizational Innovation among the Faculty Members
at Bahonar University of Kerman and University of Isfahan. Indian Streams Research Journal. 3(2), 2013;
12.WEESE, W.J.-Do leadership and organizational culture really matter? Journal of Sport Management10(2):197-206, . 1996;
13.MALEKI, M., BAHRAMI, M.-The relationship between organizational culture dimensions and employees' organizational commitment in Shahid Saddoghi Hospital-Yazd; 2008. Journal of
Health Administration. 8(22):67-73,.;2006
14.SIKORSKA-SIMMONS, E.-Organizational culture and work-related attitudes among staff in assisted living. Journal of Gerontological Nursing. 32(2):19, 2006;
15.NASIRIPOUR, A., RAEISI, P., HEDAYATI, S.-The Relationship between Organizational Cultures and Employees Productivity. Journal of Health Administration. 12(35):17-24., 2009;
16.EBADI AZAR, M.-Relation between Organizational Culture and Employees Productivity of IRIB [MSc. Thesis]. Tehran: Tehran University; 1997;
17.HADDADIAN, A.-The Effects of Organizational culture on Increasing Labor Productivity in the Department of Education at District 4 [MSc. Thesis]. Tehran: Tehran University; 2002;
18.MOHAMADI.-The role of organizational culture in Agricultural Bank staff efficiency. Journal of Agri Bank. 65:24-35, 1997;
19.HOSSEINI, F.-The relationship between organizational culture and system recommendations [MSc. Thesis]. Shiraz: Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; 2011;
20.BAHROLOLOOM, H.-The relationship between organizational culture and management style and job satisfaction of physical education specialists working in Tehran. Tehran: University of
Tarbiat Moallem; 1998;
21.TSAI, Y.-Relationship between organizational culture, leadership behavior and job satisfaction. BMC health services research. 11(1):98-114., 2011;
22.ZAREIEE, H.-Model of organizational culture based on Islamic values and its role in job satisfaction in the workplace. Tehran: University of Tarbiat Modarres; 1994;
23.MAHER, C.-Differential Engagement in self-reactive influences in cognitively based motivation organizational. Behavior and human decision processes. 96(1):99-113, 2005;
24.ZAZZALI, J.L., ALEXANDER, J.A., SHORTELL, S.M., BURNS, L.R.- Organizational culture and physician satisfaction with dimensions of group practice. Health services research. 42
(3p1):1150,.;2007
25.ZAREI MATIN, H., TAHMASEBI, R., MOUSAVI, S.M.-. The Role of Organizational Culture in Trust Building: Explenation of the Relationship between Culture Dimensions and Trust.
Iranian Journal of Management Sciences. 4(15):145-76, 2009;
26.CABALLERO, M.M., BERMEJO, F.F., NIETO, G.R., CABALLERO, M.F.- [Prevalence and factors associated with burnout in a health area]. Aten Primaria. 27(5):313-7, 2001;
27.FAREZERJANS, N.-Organizational Culture and Organizational Effectiveness. Australian Journal of Public Administration50(3):199-209, 1991;
28.RAFIEIAN, D.-The relationship between organizational culture and job satisfaction of high school boys in the Lorestan province. [MSc. Thesis]. Tehran: University of Tehran, Allameh;
2001;
29.RUSHING, W.A.-Organizational Rules and Surveillance: Propositions in Comparative Organizational Analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly. 10(4):423-43, 1966;
30.DENISON, D.R., MISHRA, A.K.-Toward a theory of organizational culture and effectiveness. Organization science. 6(2):204-23, 1995;
31.MINER, J.B.-Organizational Behavior: Performance and Productivity: McGraw-Hill Companies; 1988;
32.GHODSI, A.-The role of organizational culture in burnout among teachers of junior high schools in Tehran. . Journal of Education. 22(2):176, 2007;
33.JAVADI, M., KHALESI, N. and EBADIFARD AZAR, F.-A Study of Leadership and Organizational Maturity at Teaching Hospitals Affiliated with Ardebil University of Medical Sciences,
2004-2005 Journal of Health Administration8(21):95, 2005;
34.COUTURIAUX, S.D.-Using the People Capability Maturity Model with CMMI-Available from: http:\\www.sei.cmu.edu\library\abstracts\news-at-sei\feature120053.cfm.;2005
35.MALHATRA, S., RAMESH, P. A. T.-Automation For PCMM implementation
Available from: http://www.sei.cmu.edu/publications/documents/01.reports/01mm001.html/
36.CURTIS, B., RAMESH, P.A.T.-Automation for PCMM implementation [Online]. Available from: http://www.qaiindia.com/conferences/presented/sidharth_csc.pdf/.;2007
37.LAJEVARDI, F.-Management Practices and their Impact on Patient Satisfaction in Private and Public Hospitals in Tehran [Ph.D Thesis]. Tehran: Tehran, Islamic Azad University, Science
and Research; 1996;
38.ABBASI, K.-The study and comparison of organizational culture in organizations with mechanistic and organic organizational structure [MSc. Thesis]. Tehran: shahid Beheshti University
of Tehran; 1998;
39.NASIRI, F., GHANBARI, S., NIKNAMI, M., AKHOUNDI, M.-A Study of the Relationaship between Organizational Culture and the Ability Perception of the High School
Principals in Hamedan. Quarterly Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration. 3(1):1-,..2012
25