Sunteți pe pagina 1din 24

6XQWHPQHPXOkXPLkL  gLQHSULQGHELQH

6XQWWUHFxWRUXOIHULFLW
$GRUSOLPExULOHOXQJLvQ]LOHOH
OLQLgWLWHDOHRUDgXOXL3ULYHVF
]LGXULOHFOxGLULORUYHFKLgL
UxPuQPHUHXIDVFLQDWGHHOHJDQkD
ORU'HVFRSxUSXUgLVLPSOX
%XFXUHgWLXO&RQWUDVWHOHDFHVWXL
RUDgPxIDVFLQHD]x'HPXOWH
RULIUXPRVgLHOHJDQWXQHRUL
JHRPHWULFgLUHFH'DURULFXP
DUIL%XFXUHgWLXOWHLQYLWx
VxOSULYHgWLgLVxODGPLUL
VxLUHPDUFLOXPLQR]LWDWHD
vQGUx]QHDODMRFXOIRUPHORUgLDO
FXORULORUvQWUXQFXYuQWYLDkDVD
(VWHLPSRVLELOVxQXILLLUHPHGLDELO
FXFHULWGH%XFXUHgWLgLGH
RDPHQLLVxL

'DFxVXQWHPGHDFRUGFXDVHUkLXQHDcRPXOHPHUHXQHPXOkXPLWdDWXQFL
WUHEXLHVxDFFHSWxPIDSWXOFxEXFXUHgWHDQXO QxVFXWVDXQDWXUDOL]DW HVWH
6XSHUPDQtQFHHDFHSULYHgWHQHPXOkXPLUHDIDkxGHRUDgXOOXLEXFXUHgWHDQXO
HVWHLPEDWDELO&xHDJORPHUDWSOLQGHJURSLgLGHFuLQLFxLJxOxJLRVRERVLWRU
VWUHVDQW EDFDDUHSUHDPXOWEDFDQDUHGHVWXO GHkLYLQHVxGDLVxIXJL
'DUVXUSUL]x1XQXPDLFxQLPHQLQXIXJHGDU8UEHDDWUDJHPHUHXDOkL
gLDOkLFHWxkHQLFDUHRGDWxLQVWDODkLDLFLYRUGHYHQLQHPXOWXPLkLLFDUHGDX
IDUPHFRUDgXOXL
1HPXOkXPLUHDQRDVWUxIDFHRUDgXOVxYLEUH]HtOIDFHIUXPRVgLFWUHQG\
SHQWUXFxQHPXOkXPLUHDQHIDFHVXILFLHQWGHFUHDWLYLvQFuWVxvQIxgXUxP
SRPLLvQIXODUHVxSXQHPFxFLXOLVWDWXLORULDUQDVxIDFHPDUWxGLQSHWXULOH
DUXQFDWHOuQJxWRPEHURDQHVxIDFHPWHDWUXODPHWURXVxFRORUxP]LGXULJULvQ
JUDIILWLVxFxUxPSULQSDUFXULc5RDEDGHFXOWXUxdgLVxIDFHPc/HFWXUx
ODOXPLQDIHOLQDUHORUdtQMXUuQGWUDILFXOSRUQLPc&XEDVWRQXOSULQ
%XFXUHgWLdgLRvQWuOQLPvQFHOHPDLQHDgWHSWDWHORFXULSHc0LkD%LFLFOLVWDd
c3RYHVWHDWUHFxWRULORUGLQ%XFXUHgWLdHVWHIUXPRDVDSRYHVWHDQHPXOkXPLULL
QRDVWUHXQDIxUxVIuUgLWGDUFxUHLDvLGRULPXQcIxUxVIuUgLWdIHULFLW
1HPDLYHGHPQHPDLURVWLPQHPDLFLWLPgLODHGLkLDDWUHLD 

%UXQR5RFKH

)ODYLD9RLQHD
UHGDFWRUgHI%XFXUHgWL)0

DIRVWgLHVWHRSRYHVWHGHRUDg. . .
gLQXQXPDLvQWUHFxWRDUHOHQRDVWUHSRYHgWLGHOD
*DXGHDPXV
PHUJHPvQDLQWHGDUSDUFxVWxPSHORF SRYHVWHD
WUHFxWRULORUSULYHgWHvQYLLWRUvQWUXQSUH]HQWFDUH
GRDUHSHQWUXFx%XFXUHgWLXOHVWHXQRUDgFDUHVSHUx
FHDIRVWDIRVWLDUFHYDILYDILVxQHDVXPxP
GHVWLQXODFHVWXLRUDgDgDFXPHODIxFXWRIxUx
LSRFUL]LDQRDVWUxYDODKx
gLVxQXQHWUxLPSUH]HQWXOFXIULFDWUHFXWXOXL
RUDgXODUHYLLWRUILHFxQRLYUHPVDXQXHVWHSUHD
vQFxSxkuQDWDGRYHGLWRRUDgXOXLQXvLHVWHIULFx
HVWHXQRUDgFRPSOLFDWFDUHGXFHOLSVxGHRFLYLOL]DkLH
HILFLHQWxRUDgXODUHQHYRLHGHQRL
LXEHVF%XFXUHgWLXODgDFXPHVWHGHRDUHFHXUxVF
%XFXUHgWLXODgDFXPHVWH
vPLHVWHGRUGH%XFXUHgWLXOFXPDIRVWSHQWUXFx
YLVH]OD%XFXUHgWLXOFXPYDIL
XQRUDgSHQWUXRDPHQL
QXH[LVWxJORULHIxUxVDFULILFLX
RUDgXOVDVDFULILFDWSHQWUXQRL
$QGUHL6OxYXkHDQX

3ULPDUXO*HQHUDODO&DSLWDOHL

6RULQ2SUHVFX
FRRUGRQDWRUSURLHFW
EXFXUHVWLLYHFKLVLQRLUR

%XFXUHgWLXO
PLOHQLXOXLWUHL
LPDJLQDWvQ

$GULDQ0DMXUX

VHFROXOXL XUPWRU R SULRULWDWH $FHVW SURFHV VD


vQFDGUDW GH OD EXQ vQFHSXW FXUHQWXOXL GH LQWHJUD
UH HXURSHDQ 3URFHVXO GH PRGHUQL]DUH DO %XFX
UHWLORU D vQFHSXW vQ VHFROXO DO ;,;OHD FXQRVFXWH
LQGvQDFHVWVHQVUHXLWHOHHGLOLWDUXUEDQLVWLFHDOH
OXL3DNH3URWRSRSHVFXLDIRVWFRQWLQXDWvQSULPD
SDUWHDVHFROXOXL;;
3HQWUX XOWLPD SHULRDG DPLQWLW SULPDULDWXO
OXL'HP,'REUHVFX  DIRVWSXQFWXOGH
SOHFDUHDOPRGHUQL]ULLHGLOLWDUH'HP,'REUHVFXD
3HQWUXDFHLFHYRUQHDSUDWVVWHDvQFPDGHQRDSWH
vQFHUFDWVGHDRQRXGHQLUHXUEDQ%XFXUHWLORU
'XPLQLFDODJDUGXOORUSHDFHLDLDWULPLWHvQWURFRPXQ
$FWLYLWDWHDOXLDIRVWFRQWLQXDWLFXSULOHMXOVHUE
ODNPGH%XFXUHWL 0DUFHO,DQFX
ULL/XQLL%XFXUHWLORU PDLLXQLH $FHVWHDDX
GHEXWDWvQLDXOXDWVIkULWvQvQFHSkQG
FX SULPDULDWXO OXL $O *K 'RQHVFX  
XFXUHWLXODIRVWvQXOWLPHOHGRXVXWHGHDQLR L WHUPLQkQG FX SULPDULDWXO JHQHUDOXOXL 9LFWRU
DGHYUDWDUHQDFRQIUXQWULORUvQWUHQRX 'RPEURYVNL  
LYHFKLvQWUHRUDXOFDUHVHvQFSkQDV
GLQXLHLDFHODFDUHVDFKLQXLWvQGHOXQJVSULQG $PHQDMULvQMXUXOFDSLWDOHL
FRQWXU
QWUH  QXPDL vQ WUHL DQL DX IRVW DPH
%XFXUHWLXO vQWUH YHFKL L QRX 'H OD FRQ- QDMDWHGRXSDUFXULQRL6QDJRYXOFXSRJRDQH
IUXQWDUHODFRDELWDUH
SGXUHVHFXODUL%QHDVDFXGHSRJRDQH$X
IRVW DPHQDMDWH L FHQWUHOH GH UHFUHHUH GLQ SGXUHD
&RQIUXQWDUHDGLQWUHYHFKLLQRXVDSXUWDW 3XVWQLFXOGHOkQJ&HUQLFDLVDGHQLWLYDWSUR
GH OD EXQ vQFHSXW vQWUH YHFKLOH L QRLOH PRUD LHFWXOXQXLSDUFvQ9DOHD3OkQJHULL DVW]L3DUFXO
YXULJXVWXULPRGXULGHYLD2FRQIUXQWDUHvQWUH 7LQHUHWXOXL  3HQWUX D PUL FHQWXUD GH SDUFXUL VD
FHLPXOLFDUHLXEHVFXQLYHUVXOSDWHWLFLLQVDOXEUX vQFKHLDWFXVWDWXOFRQYHQLDSULQFDUHVDSXVODGLV
DOPDKDODOHLVHPLUXUDOHLDFHLDFDUHDXDOHVVWU SR]LLD FDSLWDOHL WRDWH PDVLYHOH SGXURDVH SkQ OD
LDVFvQWUXQPRGHOGHYLDFLWDGLQ'LQQHIHULFLUH GHNPvPSUHMXUGkQGXVHDSUREULOHFXYHQLWH
FRQIUXQWDUHDVDWUDQVIRUPDWvQFRDELWDUHvQWUHOX[ SHQWUX D IDFH WRDWH DPHQDMULOH QHFHVDUH L WRDWH
L PL]HULH vQWUH SDODW L FRFLRDE vQWUH XQLYHUVXO FRQVWUXFLXQLOHSHQWUXDJUHPHQWXOFHWHQLORULVD
RULHQWDOREDOFDQLF L IRUPHOH HXURSHQH FLWDGLQH OXEULWDWHD RUDXOXL $X IRVW OXDWH DVWIHO vQ YHGHUH
$FHVWOXFUXVDGDWRUDWIDSWXOXLFHOHPHQWHOHPR SGXULOH &HUQLFD &RPDQD 3OXPEXLWD LJQHWL
GHUQHVDXDDWvQWRWGHDXQDDWkWvQPLQRULWDWHFXO &OGUXDQL*UXLXLDOWHOH
WXUDOFkWPDLDOHVGHPRJUDF
8Q SURLHFW QHQDOL]DW L QX D IRVW VLQJXUXO 
&RQVWUXLUHD XQXL RUD PRGHUQ GLQ SHUVSHFWL XUPD V GHYLH]H FLUFXODLD GH OD EXIHW VSUH R
Y XUEDQLVWLF vQ %XFXUHWL D UHSUH]HQWDW SHQWUX VHDXD -LDQX L RVHDXD FRORQHO *KLFD SHQWUX D
LQWHOLJKHQLD VHFROXOXL DO ;,;OHD L WHKQLFLHQLL OVD RVHDXD .LVVHOHII OD GLVSR]LLD SLHWRQLORU
(X FXQRVF R JURDS vQ SOLQ &DOHD 9LFWRULHL L V
Y VSXQ XQGH HVWH DOWXUL GH FDVD SH FDUH R RFXSD 7DNH
,RQHVFXGXSvQWRDUFHUHDGHOD,DL(SHWURWXDULDFROR
FkQGSORXXQFHDVVHIDFHXQODFLJURDSDDFHDVWDVW
QHDWLQV GH  DQL ( YRUED GH R UDSDUDLXQH GH FkWHYD
FHDVXULLWRWXLQXVHIDFH'HFH"3UREDELOFQXVHWLH
(GLOLL QRWUL GH FkQG VD LQYHQWDW PRWRUXO VH SOLPE
WRWGHDXQDFXDXWRPRELOXOQXVHSOLPESHMRVLGHDFHHD
QXGDXvQJURSL &RQVWDQWLQ$UJHWRLDQX

'HD OXQJXO DFHVWHL DUWHUH D IRVW DPHQDMDW vQWUH


DQLL  3DUFXO 1DLRQDO DVW]L 3DUFXO
+HUVWUX DOWXULGHFDUHDXDSUXW0X]HXO6DWX
OXLvQUHVWDXUDQWXO3HVFUXvQHWF
6DSUHY]XWXQLUHD*UGLQLL%RWDQLFH LQDXJXUD
WHvQ FXSDUFXOSDODWXOXL&RWURFHQLXQGHV
IDFHPJUGLQDQRDVWU]RRORJLFLDUSDODWXOUHJDO
GH YDU V VH ULGLFH SH 'HDOXO 3LVFXOXL vQ SDUWHD
FHD PDL SLWRUHDVF D %XFXUHWLORU DVW]L vQ ]RQD
VOLL3ROLYDOHQW 7RWXLSHGHDOXO3LVFXOXLIXVHVH
DPHQDMDWRVWDLXQHGHVN\FDUHHUDYL]LWDWFXSD
VLXQHGHWRDWFDSLWDOD
6D GRULW RSULUHD vQPRUPkQWULORU vQ FLPLWLUXO
%HOXLWUDQVIRUPDUHDOXLvQPX]HXSHQWUXQHYR
LDGHSLWRUHVFLGHDHUSHQWUXFHLYLLGDUPDLDOHV
SHQWUXIDSWXOFFLPLWLUXOQXVHPDLDDvQDIDUDRUD
XOXLLSUH]HQWDXQPDUHSHULFROSHQWUXSRSXODLD
DWkWGHGHDVGLQYHFLQWDWH3HQWUXVXGXORUDX
OXL VD SURLHFWDW SH GH R SDUWH XQ EXOHYDUG QXPLW
9FUHWL L vPSGXULUHD GHDOXULORU DSURSLDWH
SHQWUX D GD PDL UHSHGH EXFXUHWHQLORU XQ ORF GH
SOLPEDUHvQWUDGHYUSLWRUHVF
3HGHDOWSDUWHSODQXOIXVHVHFDDFROR vQ'HD
OXO 3LVFXOXL  V ULGLFP FHWDWHD XQLYHUVLWDU FDUH
L]ROHD] SH VWXGHQL L vL IHUHWH GH WHQWDLLOH YLH
LL PDULORU RUDH &DUWLHUXO XQLYHUVLWDU DH]DW OD
3LVFDUDYXWvQYDOHSDUFXULOHLODFXULOHDUWLFLD
OHFDUHVHSRWUHDOL]DFXPDUHXXULQ
'LQ QHIHULFLUH VD DOHV XQ DOW ORF vQ RUD DVW]L
FPLQHOH VWXGHQHWL GLQ YHFLQWDWHD )DFXOWLL GH
'UHSW6DSURLHFWDWXOWHULRUvQFHSkQGFXXQ
QRXRUHOVWXGHQHVFvQ]RQD*UR]YHWL'HFLQL
PLFQXHVWHQRXVXEVRDUH
3RWULYLW SODQXOXL GH VLVWHPDWL]DUH XUPD V VH
FRQVWUXLDVFXQEXOHYDUGFDUHXUPDVSOHFHGLQ
MRVXOFUHPDWRULXOXLXPDQFDRFRQWLQXDUHDEXOH
YDUGXOXL%UWLDQXWUHFHSULQ9DOHD3OkQJHULLDWLQ
JH'HDOXO3LVFXOXLLDMXQJHOD9FUHWL EXOHYDU
GXODIRVWUHDOL]DWvQDQLLSXWHULLSRSXODUHLVHQXPHWH

7LQHUHWXOXL QP  LDU RVHDXD %QHDVD2WRSHQL


HVWH [DW OD R VXW GH PHWUL OUJLPH OD LQWUDUHD
vQRUD
6D DYXW vQ YHGHUH FKLDU ULGLFDUHD PRQXPHQWX
OXLGHOD$GDP&OLVLSHGHDOXO9FUHWLORUVDXSH
GHDOXO GH OD $UVHQDO XUPkQG D  WUDQVIRUPDW vQ
3DQWKHRQ1DLRQDOFDUHDUSXWHDIRUPDDVWIHOXQ
SXQFW GH DWUDFLH SHQWUX VWULQL L DU GD FDSLWDOHL
RFDUDFWHULVWLFvQWUDGHYUSUHJQDQW'HLIUDJ
PHQWHOHPRQXPHQWXOXLDXIRVWDGXVHOD%XFXUHWL
SURLHFWXOQXDIRVWQDOL]DW
3URLHFWHSHQWUX&HQWUXO9HFKL
'HDOXO3DWULDUKLHLDLQWUDWLHOvQVIHUDSUHRFX
SULORU HGLOLWDUH )LLQG FRQVLGHUDW VLQJXUD SDUWH
SLWRUHDVFGLQPLMORFXORUDXOXLVHGRUHDDFRP
SOHWDWLWUDQVIRUPDWvQWUXQPLFYDWLFDQURPkQ

'HL OXFUULOH DX vQFHSXW SH VWUDGD  LXQLH vP


SUHMXUULOHOHDXRSULW U]ERLXOQP PDFKHWDSUR
LHFWXOXLUPkQkQGOD3DWULDUKLH
3RWULYLW SURLHFWXOXL DPLQWLW 'HDOXO 3DWULDUKLHL
WUHEXLDVHSXVvQD[DXQHLHVSODQDGHFDUHDU
FRQWLQXDWDOHHDDFWXDOSkQODELVHULFD6I9LQHUL
LDUPQVWLUHD9FUHWLFXVXSHUEDHLSULYHOLWH
FXIUXPRVXOEXOHYDUG9FUHWLDUSXWHDGHVWLQD
WFDUHHGLQ3DWULDUKLHLQRDVWUHDOHFUHLLQVWLWX
LLUHOLJLRDVHHUDXvQJKHVXLWHvQGHDOXO3DWULDUKLHL
6SHUDQDRUDXOXLQRVWUXXUPDVHHVSOD
QDGD'kPERYLHLFDUHVHYDUHDOL]DSULQDFRSHUL
UHDDOELHLVDOH9RPDYHDvQWUDGHYURHVSODQDG
PRQXPHQWDO SH FDUH QR YRU SXWHD DYHD PXO
WH RUDH GLQ OXPH (D YD DHULVL RUDXO YD ULGLFD
YDORDUHDXUEDQLVWLFLYDXXUDLPHQVFLUFXODLD
FDSLWDOHL QRDVWUH  6XE 'kPERYLD DFRSHULW
YRP SXWHD UHDOL]D PHWURSROLWDQXO RUDXOXL PH
WURXO DOH FUXL SURLHFWH GDWHD] DDGDU GLQ DQLL

 FDUHYDXXUDWUDQVSRUWXULOHGHPUIXULLGH
SHUVRDQH &X PHWURSROLWDQXO 'kPERYLHL YRP
SXWHDUHDOL]DJULOHvQFHQWUXORUDXOXLIFXWHVXE
SPkQW DVWIHODPSXWHDVROXLRQDLFKHVWLX
QHDWUHFHULORUODQLYHOFDUHvQFXUFPXOWFLUFXODLD
RUDXOXLQRVWUX3ODQXOIXVHVHDSUREDWLDUvQWUR
SULPHWDSXUPDVVHDFRSHUH'kPERYLDvQWUH
VWUHUEDQ9RGL3DODWXO-XVWLLHLFXFRPSDUWL
PHQWHSURYL]RULLVXVLDQWUHSR]LWHMRV/XFUDUHD
VH SOWHD VLQJXU vQ  DQL L FX YHQLWXULOH GXS
H[SLUDUHD DFHVWXL WHUPHQ FRQWLQXD DFRSHULUHD
WUHSWDW &RQVWDQWLQ$UJHWRLDQX 
QYL]LXQHDHGLOLWDULORULQWHUEHOLFL&DOHD9LFWRULHL
HUDXQSXQFWGHJUDGDQWDOFDSLWDOHLQRDVWUHGUHSW
SHQWUX FDUH VD [DW R OUJLPH GH  GH PHWUL LDU
SHQWUX VHFWRUXO FXSULQV vQWUH KRWHOXO &RQWLQHQWDO
L SLDD 3DODWXOXL L vQWUH &DOHD 9LFWRULHL L VWUDGD
$FDGHPLHLHUDSURSXVSHQWUXDGUkPDWSHQWUX
DVHIDFHRIUXPRDVHVSODQDG

3LDD8QLYHUVLWLLXUPDVHWUDQVIRUPDWvQ
WUXQ&RUVRXQGHVWUDJHPSRSXODLDRUDXOXLFDUH
VHvQJKHVXLHSHFHOHODOWHVWU]L2UHDOL]DUHPDLUH
GXV FD GLPHQVLXQL VD UHDOL]DW WRWXL vQWUH SLDD
8QLYHUVLWLLLSLDD0LKDLO.RJOQLFHDQXFXPXOWH
FLQHPDWRJUDIH FDIHQHOH EHUULL UHVWDXUDQWH &RU
VR*DPEULQXV&LPLJLXHWF 
,QWHUHVDQW UPkQH SURLHFWXO SULYLQG VWUDGD
/LSVFDQL L vPSUHMXULPLOH HL /LSVFDQLXO XUPD V H
OUJLWLWUDQVIRUPDWvQVWUDGGHDUFDGHFDUHDUWUH
EXLVHDFRSHULWVXVFXVWLFODVWIHOFDVvPSLHGL
FHFLUFXODLDDHUXOXL(DWUHEXLDWUDQVIRUPDWvQWUXQ
&RUVRDOHOHJDQHLIHPLQLQH QDFHO&RUVRDOHOH
JDQHL IHPLQLQH GLQ VWUDGD /LSVFDQL VDU SXWHD VWD
ELOLLPLWDLXQHDLHPXODLXQHDHOHJDQWHORUGLQFDUH
DU LHL SHUIHFLRQDUHD HOHJDQHL (OHJDQD QDWXUDO D
GRDPQHORUURPkQHDUIDFHvQFXUkQGGLQ%XFXUHWL
XQFHQWUXGHSURSDJDUHDHOHJDQHLvQ%DOFDQL

FLUFXULDOHIRDPHLLDUDVW]LVXQWDQJURXULOHGLQ
DIDUDRUDXOXL &KLRFXULOHWDUDEHOHLEDUFLOHXU
PDXVHGHVLQDWH
,QWHUHVDQWGHDPLQWLWHVWHIDSWXOF]RQD8QLYHU
VLWLL L DFHHD D &DVHL GH 'HSXQHUL DVW]L &(&
XO  GHYHQLVHU SXQFWXO XQRU SURLHFWH LPDJLQDUH
SULYLQGFRQVWUXLUHDXQRUFHQWUHGHDWUDFLHSUH
FXP EORNKDXVXUL PRQXPHQWDOH GH FkWH  GH
HWDMH OXFUX XLPLWRU SHQWUX %XFXUHWLXO LQWHUEHOLF
GDU QX LPSRVLELO GDF QH JkQGLP OD 3DODWXO 7HOH
IRDQHORU$VWIHOFOGLULSUHFXP8QLYHUVLWDWHD&DVD
GH'HSXQHUL$WHQHXO5RPkQ&HUFXO0LOLWDUYRU
UPkQHPRGHVWHDPLQWLULDOHXQXLWUHFXWvQGHSUWDW
LGHPXOWXLWDW$FHVWHSURLHFWHHUDXVRFRWLWHD
QDOL]DWHFWUHQDOXOVHFROXOXL;;
 5HFXQRDWHP DVW]L FDOFXOXO UHXLW DO DFHVWRU
SURLHFWH GDF QH JkQGLP OD PHWURX DPHQDMDUHD
'kPERYLHL D EXOHYDUGXOXL 9FUHWL GDU PDL
DOHV OD FOGLULOH PDUL GLQ ]RQD 8QLYHUVLWLL KRWH
OXO ,QWHUFRQWLQHQWDO  L ]RQD &(&XOXL FOGLUHD
0RGHUQL]DUHFXPHWURXHVSODQDGHL]JkULHQRUL
%DQFRUH[ HWF
'HFHDFHVWHSURLHFWHDXIRVWvQPDUHPDMRULWDWH
&WUHSURLHFWHOHXUEDQLVWLFHVXQWPXOWPDL
DPELLRDVH6HDYHDvQYHGHUHHOLPLQDUHDWRWDODOR VRUWLWHHHFXOXLvQXUPFXGHDQL"1HUVSXQGH
FXULORUYLUDQHFDUHXUPDXVHvQORFXLWHFXSLHH 'HP,'REUHVFXvQ9LLWRUXO%XFXUHWLORU  6LWX
PRQXPHQWDOH JUGLQL VFXDUXUL L SDUFXUL LDU SH DLDHVWHFRPSOH[LDGHSLQVGHRVHULHGHIDFWRUL
VWU]LOH FDSLWDOHL QX VH YRU PDL YHGHD FUXH KD RPQLSUH]HQLvQSHLVDMXOEXFXUHWHDQLQWHUEHOLF
UDEDOH VDX WUVXUL /LQLLOH HOHFWULFH XUPDX V H
SUHOXQJLWH SkQ OD R UD] GH  GH NP vQ MX 0HQWDOLWDWHD L FRUXSLD LQDPLFL DL XUEDQLVPXOXL
UXOFDSLWDOHLLDUvQFHQWUXODFHVWHLDVHYDLQWURGXFH PRGHUQ
PHWURXO DUKLWHFW0DUFHO,DQFX 
&HDPDLVHULRDVSUREOHPDIRVWDFHHDDEXFX
3LDD0DUH 8QLULLQP XUPDVHGHVLQD
WFRPSOHFWDPHQWH DOWXULGHFHOHODOWHSLHHDJURD UHWHQLORUFDUHDXSVWUDWFDUDFWHUXOXPLODOUDQX
OLPHQWDUH QORFXO3LHHL0DULVHYDGHVFKLGHODUJ OXLGLQFDUHVHUHFUXWHD]%XFXUHWHQLLVXQWDQDUKLFL
SHUVSHFWLYD 3DWULDUKLHL VSUH R PDUH SLD SH FDUH vQIDDXQHLDXWRULWLUHDOHLVHUYLOLvQIDDDXWRUL
VHYDFRQVWUXLXQPDUHPRQXPHQW DVW]LVHDvQ WLORUDEX]LYH EXFXUHWHQLLVXQWGHVFHQGHQLL
GHUXODUH SURLHFWXO XQXL DVWIHO GH PRQXPHQW &DWHGUDOD YHFKLORU FOFDL FDUH DX vQPDJD]LQDW GHD OXQJXO
0kQWXLULL 1HDPXOXLQP  $SURYL]LRQDUHD RUDXOXL WLPSXOXLWRDWXPLOLQDUREXOXLvQIDDSDWURQXOXL
VHYDIDFHQXPDLGLQDQWUHSR]LWHVLWXDWHvQGLYHUVH %XFXUHWLLVXIHUGHLREDJLVPXOVXHWHVF DUKLWHFW
FDUWLHUHDOHRUDXOXL FHHDFHXUPDXVHYHVWLWHOH +RULD&UHDQJ 

$DGDU FKHVWLXQL GH PHQWDOLWDWH 8Q RUD PR


GHUQFRQVWUXLWSHXQIRQGVXHWHVFUXUDOFXDFFHVR
ULLOHPHQWDOHDOHDFHVWXLD'HDFHHDSkQODIRUPD
UHDXQXLIRQGVXHWHVFFRPXQLPRGHUQQRLQX
SXWHP ]LGL QLPLF VHULRV SH VXHWXO EXFXUHWHDQ
%XFXUHWHDQXO HVWH QHGLVFLSOLQDW L QHDGDSWDW OD
UXDMXOVRFLDOHVWHLQFDSDELOGHPXQFFRQWLQX'H
DLFLLQVWDELOLWDWHDVDSURIHVLRQDOQQLFLXQRUDGLQ
OXPH QX YHGHP DWkWD FRPHU DPEXODQW DWkLD PL
VLLDWkLDYFVXLWRULGHJKHWHDWkLDFDUWRIRULDWkLD
FKLELL L DWkLD IXQFLRQDUL Q QLFL XQ RUD QX YH
GHPDWkWGHSXLQLSURIHVLRQLWLFDUHVPRWHQHDV
FSURIHVLXQHDORUGLQWDWvQXPHVHULDXOEXFX
UHWHDQSUHIHUORYLWXULOH 1'&RFHD 
2DOWSUREOHPDHUD LFRQWLQXVH IDSWXOF
EDQXO SXEOLF QX D FSWDW vQF GLVFLSOLQD QHFHVD
UFDVPHDUJODYLVWHULDSXEOLFSULPDUXO'HP
,'REUHVFXLQGDGHVHRULQHYRLWVLQWHUYLQSHQWUX
DUHFXSHUDPDULGDWRULLDOHXQRUVRFLHWLFRPHUFLDOH
IDGHSULPULHSULPDUXODUPDSHGUHSWFXYkQWF
YDWUHFHPXOWWLPSSkQFkQGEDQXOSXEOLFVDMXQ
JVvQYHHGUXPXOWH]DXUXOXLSXEOLF &RQVWDQWLQ
$UJHWRLDQX 
'LQFROR GH DFHVWH UHSHUH vQGHSUWDWH  vQF DF
WXDOH  UPkQH FRPSOHPHWDULWDWHD WHPSRUDO vQWUH
WHRUHWL]DUHDXQRUSURLHFWH FKLDULODQLYHOXWRSLF 
vQ XUP FX PDL ELQH GH  GH DQL L UHDOL]DUHD ORU
SUDFWLFvQDQLLGLQXUPDFWFDUHFRQUPIH]DEL
OLWDWHDHGLOLWDUXUEDQLVWLFDSURLHFWHORULQWHUEHOLFH
Q XOWLPD YUHPH VD SXV DFFHQW SH vQLQDUHD
XQXLFHQWUXGHUHVWDXUDUHGHRDUHFHvQ%XFXUHWLXO
GHD]LQLFLVWUXFWXUDXUEDQLQLFLDUKLWHFWXWUDQX
VkQWSXVHvQYDORDUHLPDLDOHVQXVkQWFXQRVFXWH
%XFXUHWLXOSRDWHGHYHQLXQSXQFWLQWHUHVDQWSHQ
WUX WXULVPXO FXOWXUDO KDELWDWXO FDUH DU WUHEXL V
HYDORULFDWDVWIHOLQG]RQDFHQWUDOFDUHEHQH
FLD]GHRVWUXFWXUXUEDQRULJLQDOLVRVWLFDW
LQXGHSXLQHRULGHRDUKLWHFWXUIRDUWHLQWHUHVDQ
W DUKLWHFW$OH[DQGUX%HOGLPDQ 

'H VXEOLQLDW IDSWXO F vQ HYROXLD XUEDQLVWLF


GLQXOWLPLLGHDQL%XFXUHWLXOVDGH]YROWDWvQ
JHQHUDO SULQ VXSUDSXQHUL L HOLPLQUL DOH IRQGXOXL
YHFKLSULQQRLOHSURLHFWHDOHDQLORUQRXORUD
XUPD VO HOLPLQH WUHSWDW vQWUR PDQLHU SXQLWLY
SH FHO YHFKL $FHVW IDSW SRDWH  Y]XW vQ VSDLXO
FHQWUDO GHQLW GH ]RQD 8QLULL &DVD 3RSRUXOXL L
%XOHYDUG WHIDQ*KHQFLXOHVFX 
6LWXDLDOD]LDFDSLWDOHLvQFkWHYDRSLQLL
%XFXUHWLXOVHvPSDUWHLUHYHUVLELOvQGRXSUL
SURIXQG LQHJDOH $UKLWHFWXUD GH DUKLWHFW GH DXWRU
HUHVSRQVDELOSHQWUXRPLFLQVXOGLQFHQWUXQ
MXUXO HL VH vQWLQGH PLWRFXO YDVW PHGLRFUX vQ FHO
PDLEXQFD]ERHPHYHQWXDOGHJUDGDWGHFHOHPDL
PXOWHRULYLROHQWGLQFHvQFHPDLGHV7RDWHDFV
WHD vQ WLPS FH GXJKHQL]DUHD FXSULQGH FHQWUHOH
RUDHORULDULQWUULOHPXQLFLSDOHVXQWDFDSDUWHGH
SDODWHFXWXUQXULLWXUQXOHHHSLWRPPHJDNLWVFK
SHQWUXERJLDLOLFLWHYHQWXDODQDOIDEHW 0DULD
QD&HODF 
3URLHFWHOH GH YLLWRU DX FD IXQGDPHQW PDL SXLQ
FDOFXOHPDWHPDWLFHFkWPDLDOHVUHPRGHOULDOHVW
ULORUGHVSLULWLUHGHQLULDOHXQRUFRQFHSWHDEDQ
GRQDWHGHGRJPHOHSUROHWFXOWLVWH'DFDUKLWHFWXUD
HVWH UDSRUWXO DIHFWLY IRDUWH VHQVLELO DO RDPHQLORU
FX VSDLLOH vQ FDUH ORFXLHVF vQ FDUH WULHVF DUKL
WHFWXOGHYLQHDWXQFLSURLHFWDQWXOUHODLHLVHQVLELOH
DORFXLWRUXOXLFXPHGLXOFRQVWUXLWvQFDUHWULHWH
*HRUJH+DUSRQ 
9LLWRUXO DUKLWHFWXULL HVWH UHVWUXFWXUDW SH YHFKLOH
YDORUL GH FWUH DFHLD FDUH OH PDL SRW vQHOHJH GH
RDUHFH VIHUD SXEOLF DSDUH DVHPHQHD XQXL vQWUHJ
GHVWUXFWXUDWLDUSHQWUXDFXQRDWHGLQQRXDUKL
WHFWXUDWUHEXLHVUHJkQGLPLQVWUXPHQWHOHJkQGLULL
QRDVWUH &RVPLQ&RFLX 
 3OFHULOH QRUPDOLWLL vQFHS V VH LYHDVF IUD
JLO vQ ]RQD FHQWUDO GDU QHFRQYLQJWRU vQF DVWIHO

vQFkWEXFXUHWHDQXOPDLDUHGHDWHSWDWSkQFkQG
V SRDW WUL SULQWUH LPDJLQL FXORDUH SURGXVH
HWFQFRQFOX]LHYRPWLVFRQVWUXLPDWXQFLFkQG
YRPvQYDVORFXLP &RQVWDQWLQ*RDJHD 
%XFXUHWLXO WULHWH vQ FRQWLQXDUH FX PDULOH
WUDXPH DOH GHFHQLLORU WUHFXWH FkQG  D IRVW FUHDW
XQIDOVXUEDQLVPFDUHQXDLQXWVHDPDGHRUJDQL
]DUHD WHULWRULDOXUEDQLVWLF QWLQVHOH FDUWLHUHGRU
PLWRUGHFDUHVDDEX]DWIRDUWHPXOWDXUXSWXQL
WDWHD RUDXOXL DVWIHO vQFkW QX OH PDL SRL HYLWD
OH SRL GRDU DWHQXD SULQ FRQVWUXFLL IFXWH DOWXUL

(OHUPkQRUHDOLWDWHFXOWXUDODXQXLPRPHQWQHIH
ULFLWDO%XFXUHWLXOXLFUXLDvLYRUWUHEXL]HFLL]HFL
GHDQLGH]LOHFDVVHUHSDUHLVUHYLQODRDQXPL
WDFFHSWDELOLWDWH DUKLWHFW,RQ0LUFHD(QHVFX 
([LVWFXFHUWLWXGLQHvQEUHDVODDUKLWHFLORUFRQ
VLVWHQDXQHLRSLQLLFLYLFHFDUHFRQWLHQWL]HD]SUR
IHVLRQDO WDUHOH DUKLWHFWXULL EXFXUHWHQH vQ SUDJXO
QRXOXL PLOHQLX 5PkQH FD DFHVW FXUHQW GH RSLQLH
LPDQLIHVWDUHSURIHVLRQDOVVHUHJVHDVFDWkWvQ
FHUHULOHFRPDQGLWDULORUFkWPDLDOHVvQSUHRFXSULOH
VRFLHWLLFLYLOH

W

^
&s
Z
^
dW

/W
W



D/
D

&

DWD

Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naionale a Romniei


Povestea trectorilor din Bucureti... nceput la Trgul de carte
Gaudeamus / coord.: Andrei Slvueanu ; pref.: Andrei Slvueanu,
Flavia Voinea. - Bucureti : Subiectiv, 2011
ISBN 978-606-92898-5-3

S-ar putea să vă placă și