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unde
Amiaza solar este momentul n care Soarele apare n
poziia cea mai nalt pe bolt, n cursul unei zile.
Aceasta se ntmpl atunci cnd Soarele tranziteaz
meridianul celest. Aceasta este originea termenilor ante
meridian i post meridian.
unde
f = 279.575 + 0.98565, n grade.
poate fi rearanjat pentru a obine durata zilei. Cel mai simplu este de a rescrie
ecuaia n funcie de jumtate din durata zilei, hs care este perioada (n grade) de
la rsrit pn la amiaza solar.
Se obine:
cos cos
Calculul balanei componentei cu lungime de und scurt din energia radiant necesit
estimarea densitii fluxurilor pentru trei componente: iradierea direct pe o suprafa
perpendicular la fasciculul incident (Sp), iradierea difuz pe o suprafa orizontal (Sd), i
radiaia reflectat de ctra pmnt (Sr). Uneori, trebuie cunoscute iradiarea pe o suprafa
orizontal Sb i iradierea total the total (direct plus difuz) pe o suprafa orizontal Sr .
Spo
Sb
Sp
PMNT
Sd
m = aer optic
pa
m
101.3 cos()
Sursa
Simbol
Ecuaie
Observaii
1. Radiaie
termic direct
mare
La
= eacsTa4
Ea(c)=(1-0.84c) eac+
2. Radiaie
termic sol
mare
Lg
= egsTg4
eg = 0.97
3. Radiaie
termic emis
mare
Loe
= essTs4
es definit de
suprafa
4. Radiaie solar
direct
mic
Sb
= Sp cos y
Sp = Spo tm (t = 0.6 to
0.7 cer senin)
5. Radiaie solar
difuz
mic
Sd
Cer senin
6. Radiaie solar
reflectat
0.84c
mic
Sr
= unghi zenit
=rs(Sp cos y +
Sd)
Numai componenta
mic
Balana energetic
Part of the radiation incident on a leaf, an animal, a crop canopy, or a soil surface
is absorbed at the surface. This energy can warm the surface or be dissipated to
the environment by conduction, evaporation, or radiation. Since we are interested
in the energy exchange between organisms and their surroundings, we need to be
able to compute the net amount of radiant energy absorbed by the surface, and
the amount emitted by the surface. The amount absorbed is computed from:
where S, and L are the absorptivities in the solar and thermal wavebands,
Sp, Sd, and Sr are the components of solar radiation, La and L, are the long-wave
flux densities from the atmosphere and the ground and Fp, Fd, Fr , Fa and Fg
are view factors between the surface and the various sources of radiation;
namely beam, diffuse, and reflected solar radiation and atmospheric and ground
thermal radiation. The net flux density of radiant energy at a surface, often called
net radiation is computed from:
where S is the emissivity of the surface, TS is the surface temperature (in kelvins),
and Fe is the view factor between the entire surface of the object and the complete
sphere of view.
Balana energetic
La Sky
Thermal
clouds 0.97
ground 0.97
ac 9.2x10 * T
2
a
sau
a (c) (1 0.84c) ac 0.84c
Lg Ground
Thermal
FACTOR OPTIC
Factor optic este un termen comun folosit n transferul cldurii i se refer la
fraciunea din radiaia emis de un corp cu o form oarecare i care este preluat
de alt corp. Deci dac un obiect A radiaz i un obiect B preia o parte din radia ia
emis de A, atunci factorul optic este notat FAB.
Obiect
Fp
Fd
Fr
Fa
Fg
Suprafa
cu plante
cos
Animal
Ap/A
deasupra
suprafeei
orizontulu
i
0.
5
0.
5
0.
5
0.
5
Frunz cu
suprafaa
orizontal
0.
5
0.5 (cos
FA-B = 1
FB-A = AriaB/AriaA
Obiect A
0.
5
0.
5
0.
5
Obiect B