Universitatea Tehnic a Republicii Moldova

Facultatea de Urbanism i Arhitectur

Catedra Construcii i Mecanica Structurilor

Lucrare de an
la Mecanica Structurilor

A elaborat:
Tru Mihaela
St. Gr. ARH-133
A verificat:
Bradu Aurelia
Lector asistent

Chiinu, 2015
Varianta 20. Problema 1. Cadru static determinat.

IV.

Se d:
F=7N
m=3Nm
p=5Nm
a=2m
b=3m
c=4m

III
.

p=5

HA

VII
.A
d

II.
I.

a=2

V
V.

Calculm reaciunile:
2

M A =p a2 H B 2 cm=0 H B=

a2
m
2

2c

4
5 3
2
103 13
H B=
=
=
=1,625
2 4
8
8

F x =H A + FH B=0 H A=FH B
H A =7(1,625 )=8,625

M B =H A 2c p a ( b+ a2 )+V A bF 2cm=0

( a2 )H

F 2 c+ m+ p a b+
V A=
V A=

2 c

7 8+3+5 2 ( 3+1 )8,625 8 56+ 3+4069 30

=
= =10
3
3
3

Verificarea reaciunilor:

F y = p a+V A=5 2+10=0

( a2 )H cF cm=

M d=H A c +V A bp a b+

HB

8,625 4+10 310 4+ 1,625 47 43=34,510+ 6,531=4141=0

F=m=3

c=

VI.
b=3

a=2
c=

 Parcurgerea sectoarelor.
0x 4

SECTORUL I.

M ( x )=H A x

Q ( x )=H A

N ( x ) =V A

M ( 0 )=0

Q ( 0 )=8,625

N ( 0 )=10

M ( 4 ) =8,625 4=34,5

Q ( 4 )=8,625

N ( 4 )=10

0 x 2

SECTORUL II.
2

M ( x )= p

x
2

M ( 0 )=0

Q ( x )=p x

N ( x ) =0

Q ( 0 )=0

N ( 0 )=0

Q (2 )=5 2=10

N ( 2 )=0

M ( 2 ) =5 2=10
1
M ( 1 )=5 =2,5
2

4 x8

SECTORUL III.

M ( x )=H A x p

a2
2

4
M ( 4 ) =8,625 45 =34,510=24,5
2
M ( 8 )=8,625 85 2=6910=59

Q ( x )=H A
Q ( 4 )=8,625
Q ( 8 )=8,625

N ( x ) =V A + p a
N ( 4 )=10+10=0
N ( 8 )=10+10=0

0 x 3

SECTORUL IV.

( a2 )+ H 2 c

M ( x )=V A x p a x +

M ( 0 )=05 2 1+8,625 8=10+69=59

M ( 3 )=10 35 2 ( 3+1 ) +69=3040+69=10+69=59

Q ( x )=p a+V A
Q ( 0 )=5 2+10=10+ 10=0
Q (3 )=10+10=0

N ( x ) =H B + F
N ( 0 )=1,625+7=8,625
N (3 )=1,625+7=8,625

0x 4

SECTORUL V.

M ( x )=F x

Q ( x )=F

N ( x ) =0

M ( 0 )=0

Q ( 0 )=7

N ( 0 )=0

M ( 4 ) =7 4=28

Q ( 4 )=7

N ( 4 )=0

0 x 2

SECTORUL VI.

M ( x )=m

Q ( x )=0

N ( x ) =0

M ( 0 )=3

Q ( 0 )=0

N ( 0 )=0

M ( 2 ) =3

Q (2 )=0

N ( 2 )=0

4 x8

SECTORUL VII.

M ( x )=F x +m

Q ( x )=F

N ( x ) =0

M ( 4 ) =7 4+3=28+3=31

Q ( 4 )=7

N ( 4 )=0

M ( 8 )=7 8+3=56 +3=59

Q ( 8 )=7

N ( 8 )=0

Construirea diagramelor a momentelor de ncovoiere M(x), a eforturilor

transversale Q(x), i a forelor axiale N(x); i verificarea echilibrului
nodurilor.
1. M momentul de ncovoiere. Verificarea echilibrului nodurilor pentru M
(momentul de ncovoiere).

 M =34.51024.5=0

M =31283=0

M =5959=0

2. Q - efortul transversal (stnga), i N - fora axial (dreapta). Verificarea

echilibrului nodurilor pentru N i Q (eforturilor transversale i forelor

axiale).

 F x =8,6258,625=0
F y =1010=0

F x =8,6258,625=0
F y =0

F x =8,62571,625=0

F y =0

F x =77=0
F y =0

 Varianta 20. Problema 2. Grinda static determinat cu

mai multe deschideri.

Construirea schemei n etaje:

II.
I

III.

Examinm Grinda GH:

Calculul reaciunilor:

 F x =0 H G=0

M G =V H cm=0 V H c=m V H =
m

m 3
= =0,75 V H =0,75
c
4

M H =V G cm=0 V G= c = 4 =0,75 V G=0,75

Verificare:
F y =V G +V H =0,750,75=0
Sector I (stnga dreapta) 0X4:
Q( x)=V G

M ( x )=V G xm

Q ( 0 )=0,7 5

M ( 0 )=3

Q ( 4 )=0,7 5

M ( 4 ) =0,75 43=33=0

Diagramele M - momentului de ncovoiere i Q - a forei tietoare n

grinda GH i AC:

I
.

Examinm Grinda AC:

Calculul reaciunilor:
F x =0 H C=0

I
.

II
.

M B =p b b2 + F aV C a=0 V C =
V C=

b
+F a
2
a

5 4,5+7 2 22,5+14 8,5

=
=
=4,25 V C =4,25
2
2
2

b
p b( a+ )
b
2
M C= p b a+ 2 +V B a=0 V B = a

( )

V B=

5 3(2+1,5) 15 3,5 52,5

=
=
=26,25 V B =26,25
2
2
2

Verificare:
F y = p b+V B +V CF=5 3+ 26,254,257=26,2526,25=0
Sector I (stnga dreapta) 0X3:
Q ( x )=p x

M ( x )= p

Q ( 0 )=0
Q (3 )=5 3=15

x2
2

M ( 0 )=0
9
M ( 3 )=5 =22,5
2

Sector I (stnga dreapta) 0X2:

Q ( x )=p b+V B
Q ( 0 )=15+26,25=11,25
Q(2)=11,25

M ( 1,5 ) =5

2,25
=5 1,125=5,63
2

M ( x )= p b

( b2 + x)+V x
B

M ( 0 )=5 3 1,5+ 0=22,5

M ( 2 ) =5 3 3,5+26,25 2=0

Examinm Grinda CG:

Calculul reaciunilor:
F x =0 H D =0

M D=V C a+ p 2 b bV E 2 b+V G ( 2b +c )=0

V C a+ p 2 b2 +V G (2b +c)
V E=
2b
V E=

4,25 2+5 6 3+ 0,75(6+ 4) 8,5+90+7,5 106

=
=
=17,67 V E =17,67
6
6
6

 M E=V C ( a+2 b ) +V D 2 bp 2 b b+ V G c=0

V D=

V C ( a+2 b ) + p 2 b bV G c
2b

V D=

4,25 8+5 6 30,75 4 34+ 903 53

=
= =8,83 V D =8,83
6
6
6

Verificare:
F y=V C +V D p 2 b+V E V G=4,25+8,835 6+17,670,75=30,7530,75=0
Sector I (stnga dreapta) 0X2:
Q ( x )=V C

M ( x )=V C x

Q ( 0 )=4,25

M ( 0 )=0

Q (2 )=4,25

M ( 2 ) =4,25 2=8,5

Sector I (stnga dreapta) 0X6:

Q ( x )=V C +V D p x

M ( x )=V C ( x+ a ) +V D x p x

Q ( 0 )=4,25+8,830=13,08
Q ( 6 )=4,25+8,835 6=16,92

x
2

M ( 0 )=4,25 2+00=8, 5
M ( 6 )=4,25 8+8,83 65 18=34 +52,9890=3,0 2

V C +V D p x=0 p x=V DV C
x=

M ( 2,62 )=4,25 4,62+8,83 2,625 3,43=19,64 +23,13

V D V C 8,83+4,25 13,08
=
=
=2,62
p
5
5
Sector I (dreapta stnga) 0X4:
Q ( x )=V G

M ( x )=V G x

Q ( 0 )=0,75

M ( 0 )=0

Q (2 )=0,75

M ( 2 ) =0,75 4=3

 Diagramele M - momentului de ncovoiere i Q - a forei tietoare n

grinda CG:

I.

II
.

III
.

Diagrama final M - a momentului de ncovoiere i Q - a forei

tietoare a grinzii AH:

Varianta 20. Problema

determinat.

Se d:
F=7
P=5
L=24
f=5

3. Arca static

 Determinarea reaciunilor verticale:

M A =p 4l 8l + F 2l + p 4l 78l V B l=0 V B=

l2 F l
7 l2
+
+ p
32 2
32

24 2 7 24
7 24 2 2880 168 20160
+
+ 5
+
+
32
2
32
32
2
32
90+84+630 804
=
=
=
=33,5
24
24
24
24

5
V B=

V B=33,5

M B =V A l p 4l ( 34l + 8l )F 2l p 4l 8l =0
p
V A=

7 l2
l
l2
+F + p
32
2
32 90+ 84+630 804
=
=
=33,5
l
24
24

Verificare:
l
l
24
F y =V A +V BF p p =33,5+33,575 5 6= 6773030=0
4
4
4

Determinarea reaciunilor orizontale:

2

l
l 3l
l
3l
V A p
V A p
M stC =V A 2l H A f p 4l 4l + 8l =0 H A= 2 f 4 8 = 2 f 32

33,5 125
H A=

3 24 2
32

8640
32
402270 132
=
=
=26,4
5
5
5

402
=

l
l 3l
l
3 l2
V B p
VB p
M drC =V B 2l + H B f + p 4l 4l + 8l =0 H B= 2 f 4 8 = 2 f 32

33,5 125
H B=

3 24 2
32

402
=

8640
32

402270 132
=
=26,4
5
5

Verificare:

F X =H AH B=26,426,4=0
Parcurgerea sectoarelor n grind:
Sectorul I. 0X6
2

x
M ( x )=V A x p
2
M 1( 0)=0

9
M 2 ( 3 ) =33,5 35 =100,522,5=78
2
M 3 ( 6 )=33,5 65

36
=20190=111
2

Q ( x )=V A p x
1

Q (0)=33,5
Q 2 ( 3 )=33,55 3=33,515=18,5
Q3 ( 6 )=33,55 6=33,530=3,5
Sectorul II. 6X12
l
l
M ( x )=V A x p (x )
2
8
M 3 ( 6 )=33,5 65 6 (63 )=20190=111
4
M ( 9 )=33,5 95 6 ( 93 )=301,5180=121,5
5
M ( 12 )=33,5 125 6 (123 )=402270=132

Q ( x )=V A p

l
4

Q3 ( 6 )=33,55 6=33,530=3,5
Q 4 ( 9 ) =3,5
Q5 ( 12 ) =3,5

Sectorul III. 12X18

M ( x )=V A x p

l
l
l
x F ( x )
4
8
2

( )

M 5 ( 12 )=33,5 125 6 (123 )7 ( 1212 )=4022700=132

6
M ( 15 ) =33,5 155 6 ( 153 )7 ( 1512 )=502,536021=1 20 ,5

M 7 ( 18 ) =33,5 185 6 ( 183 )7 ( 1812 )=60345042=111

l
Q ( x )=V A p F
4
5
Q ( 12 ) =33,55 67=33,530=3,5

Q 6 (15 )=3,5
Q7 (18 )=3,5
Sectorul IV. 18X24
2

3l
( x )
l
l
l
4
M ( x )=V A x p x F x p
4
8
2
2

( ) ( )

(18
7

M ( 18 ) =33,5 185 6 ( 183 )7 ( 1812 )5

3 24 2
)
4
=60345042=111
2
2

(2118)
M ( 21 )=33,5 215 6 ( 213 ) 7 ( 2112 )5
=703,56035 4,5=78
2
8

M 9 ( 24 )=33,5 245 6 ( 243 )7 ( 2412 )5

l
3l
Q ( x )=V A p F p( x )
4
4
7
Q (18 )=33,55 67=33,530=3,5

Q 8 (21 )=3,55 ( 2118 )=3,515=18,5

(2418)2
=80472084=0
2

Q9 (24 )=3,55 ( 2418 )=3,530=33,5

Aflm

y (0)=

y (3)=

y (6)=

y (9)=

y ( x )=

4f
( L xx 2 ) :
2
L

45
(24 00)=0
24 2
45
20
2
(24 33 )=
(729)=0,0347 63=2,187
2
576
24
45
2
(24 66 )=0,0347 108=3,75
2
24
45
2
(24 99 )=0,0347 135=4,687
2
24

y 5 (12)=

45
( 24 12122)=0,0347 144=5
2
24

y 6 (15)=

45
(24 15152 )=0,0347 135=4,687
2
24

y 7 (18)=

45
(24 18182 )=0,0347 108=3,75
2
24

y 8 (21)=

45
(24 21212)=0,0347 63=2,187
2
24

y 9 (24)=

4 5
(24 2424 2)=0,0347 0=0
2
24

Aflm

tg=

dy ( x) 4 f
= 2 (L2 x)
dx
L

tg 1 ( 0 )=

45
20
( 240 )=
24=0,0347 24=0,833
2
576
24

tg 2 ( 3 ) =

45
( 242 3 ) =0,0347 18=0, 625
2
24

tg 3 ( 6 )=

45
( 242 6 )=0,0347 12=0,417
2
24

tg ( 9 )=

4 5
( 242 9 ) =0,0347 6=0, 208
242

tg ( 12 )=

4 5
( 242 12 )=0
242

tg ( 15 )=

45
( 242 15 )=0,0347 (6 )=0,208
24 2

tg 7 ( 18 )=

45
( 242 18 )=0,0347 (12 )=0,417
24 2

tg 8 ( 21 ) =

4 5
( 242 21 )=0,0347 (18 )=0,625
2
24

tg 9 ( 24 )=

4 5
( 242 24 ) =0,0347 (24 )=0,833
2
24

Aflm unghiul

cos=

1
1+tg 2 :

cos 1(0)=

1
1
=
=0,768
2
1+0,833 1,301

cos 2(3)=

1
1
=
=0,848
2
1+0,625 1,179

cos (6)=

cos (9)=

1
1
=
=0,923
2
1+0,417 1,083
1
1
=
=0,979
2
1+0,208 1,021

cos 5 (12)=

1
=1
1+02

cos 6 (15)=

1
1
=
=0,979
2
1,021
1+0,208

cos (18)=

1
1
=
=0,923
2
1+0,417 1,083

cos (21)=

1
1
=
=0,848
2
1+0,625 1,179

cos 9 (24)=

1
1
=
=0,768
2
1+ 0,833 1,301

Aflm unghiul

sin=tg cos :

sin 1 (0)=0,833 0,768=0,64

2

sin (3)=0,625 0,848=0,53

sin 3 (6)=0,417 0,923=0,385
sin 4 (9)=0,208 0,979=0,204
sin 5 (12)=0 1=0
6
sin ( 15 )=0,208 0,979=0,204

sin 7 ( 18 )=0,417 0,923=0,385

sin 8 ( 21 )=0,625 0,848=0,53
sin 9 ( 24 )=0,833 0,768=0,64
Aflm momentele de ncovoiere

M a 1 ( 0 )=026,4 0=0
M a 2 ( 3 ) =7826,4 2,187=7857,737=20,263
M a 3 ( 6 )=11126,4 3,75=11199=12
a4
M ( 9 )=121,526,4 4,687=121,5123,737=2,737

M a 5 ( 12 )=13226,4 5=132132=0
M a 6 ( 15 )=121,526,4 4,687=121,5123,737=2,737
a7
M ( 18 ) =11126,4 3,75=11199=12

M =M H y ( x ) (, unde H=26,4):

M a 8 ( 21 ) =7826,4 2,187=7857,737=20,263
M a 9 ( 24 )=026,4 0=0
Aflm forele tietoare n arc

Qa=QG cosH sin ( , unde H=26,4 ) :

Q a 1 ( 0 )=33,5 0,76826,4 0,64=25,72816,896=8,832

Qa 2 ( 3 )=18,5 0,84826,4 0,53=15,68813,992=1,696
Q a 3 ( 6 )=3,5 0,92326,4 0,385=3,230510,164=6,934
a4
Q ( 9 ) =3,5 0,97926,4 0,204=3,42655,3856=1,959

Q a 5 ( 12 ) =3,5 126,4 0=3,50=3,5

Qa 5 ( 12 ) =3,5 126,4 0=3,50=3,5
Q a 6 (15 )=3,5 0,97926,4 (0,204 )=3,4265+5,3856=1,959
a7
Q (18 )=3,5 0,92326,4 (0,385 ) =3,2305+10,164=6,934

Q a 8 ( 21 )=18,5 0,84826,4 (0,53 ) =15,688+13,992=1,696

Qa 9 ( 24 )=33,5 0,76826,4 (0,64 ) =25,728+16,896=8,832
Aflm forele axiale n arc

N a=Q G sinH cos ( , unde H=26,4 ) :

N a 1 ( 0 )=33,5 0,6426,4 0,768=21,4420,275=41,715

N a 2 ( 3 )=18,5 0,5326,4 0,848=9,80522,387=32,192
N a 3 ( 6 )=3,5 0,38526,4 0,923=1,34824,364=25,712
N a 4 ( 9 ) =3,5 0,20426,4 0,979=0,71425,846=26,56
N a 5 (12 ) =3,5 026,4 1=026,4=26,4
N a 5 (12 ) =(3,5) 026,4 1=026,4=26,4

N a 6 ( 15 )=(3,5 ) (0,204)26,4 0,979=0,71425,846=26,56

N a 7 (18 )=(3,5 ) (0,385)26,4 0,923=1,34824,364=25,712
N a 8 ( 21 )=(18,5 ) (0,53)26,4 0,848=9,80522,387=32,192
N a 9 ( 24 )=(33,5 ) (0,64)26,4 0,768=21,4420,275=41,715

 Tabelul valorilor din arc:

Nr .

tg

cos

sin

0,833

0,768

0,64

33,5

8,832

2,187

0,625

0,848

0,53

78

18,5

20,26
3

1,696

3,75

0,417

0,923

0,385

111

3,5

12

4,687

0,208

0,979

0,204

121,
5

3,5

2,737

12

132

3,5/
-3,5

15

4,687

121,
5

-3,5

2,737

1,959

18

3,75

0,204
0,385

111

-3,5

12

6,934

21

2,187

0,848

-0,53

78

-18,5

20,26
3

24

0,768

-0,64

-33,5

1,696
8,832

0,208
0,417
0,625
0,833

0,979
0,923

Diagrama momentelor de ncovoiere n arc -

6,934
1,959
3,5/
-3,5

41,715
32,192
25,712
-26,56
-26,4
-26,56
25,712
32,192
41,715

Ma :

iagrama forelor tietoare n arc -

Qa :

Diagrama forelor axiale n arc -

Na :

 Varianta 20. Problema 4. Ferma static determinat.