1.8.

Mai-mult-ca-perfectul (Past Perfect Tense Simple)

1.8.1. Definiie. Past Perfect este un timp folosit cnd vorbitorul se plaseaz
psihologic pe o ax a trecutului, pentru a desemna un eveniment anterior unui
moment sau unui eveniment trecut, care este amintit n momentul vorbirii:
I had finished the book by ten oclock yesterday.
by the time you came.
1.8.2. Form. Mai-mult-ca-perfectul se formeaz din forma de Past Tense
a verbului have +
participiul trecut al verbului de conjugat:
I had finished the book before you came.
Id finished the book before you came.
Terminasem cartea nainte s vii tu.
He had already left by ten oclock. El plecase deja la ora 10.
1.8.3. ntrebuinare. Mai-mult-ca-perfectul este ntrebuinat pentru a
exprima:
1) o aciune trecut, ncheiat naintea unui moment trecut: I had
finished my lessons by ten
oclock yesterday. mi terminasem leciile nainte de ora 10 ieri.
2) o aciune trecut, ncheiat naintea altei aciuni trecute: When Doris got
to the theatre, the show had (already) started. Cnd a ajuns Doris la teatru
spectacolul (deja) ncepuse. Mother had cooked the dinner by the time father
arrived home. Mama gtise deja cina cna a ajuns tata acas.
3) o aciune trecut, ncheiat imediat naintea unei alte aciuni trecute:
I had just got into the classroom when the bell rang. No sooner had I
got into the classroom than
the bell rang. Tocmai/de-abia intrasem n clas cnd a sunat clopoelul.
I had hardly got into the classroom when the bell rang. No sooner had I
got into the classroom
than the bell rang. Tocmai/de-abia intrasem n clas cnd a sunat
clopoelul.
4) o aciune trecut, svrit ntr-o perioad de timp anterioar unei alte
aciuni trecute, dar ajungnd pn la aceasta (cu compliniri adverbiale ncepnd
cu for sau since): He had been in the classroom for two minutes when the teacher
came in. Era n clas de dou minute cnd a intrat profesorul. He had lived in
Bucharest since 1975 when I met him. Locuia n Bucureti din 1975 cnd l- am
cunoscut.
Not: 1. Mai-mult-ca-perfectul este un timp utilizat mai frecvent n limba
englez dect n limba romn pentru exprimarea anterioritii. (n limba romn
se folosete adeseori perfectul compus cu valoare de mai-mult-ca-perfect: The
passengers got out as soon as the train had stopped. Pasagerii au cobort ndat
ce s-a oprit trenul).

2. n limba englez se poate folosi Past Tense n loc de Past Perfect n

urmtoarele situaii:
a) dup conjucia after, care indic prin sensul ei raportul de anterioritate
nemaifiind necesar i o form verbal special: The driver started the car after he
cheked the engine. oferul porni maina dup ce verific motorul.
pag: 021
b) n propoziiile subordonate temporale transformate n vorbire indirect
cnd verbul din principal este la un timp trecut: He told me had seen a bear when
he was in the mountains. Mi-a spus c a vzut un urs cnd a fost la munte.
3. n propoziiile subordonate introduse de after sau until, folosirea mai-multca-perfectului, prin contrast cu folosirea lui Past Tense, subliniaz raportul de
anterioritate, faptul c aciunea din principal nu a avut loc dect dup ce aciunea
din subordonat a fost ncheiat: The pupil on duty left the classroom AFTER she
had turned off the lights. Eleva de servici a prsit clasa (numai) dup ce a stins
lumina. The waiter didnt take the plates away UNTIL they had finished their dinner.
Chelnerul n-a strns farfuriile pn n-au terminat masa.
Mai-mult-ca-perfectul poate fi folosit: 5) n vorbirea indirect, pentru a
nlocui Present Perfect
sau Past Tense, cnd verbul din propoziia principal este la un timp trecut:
Tom: I have spoken to Mary about it.
I spoke to her last week.
Tom said he had spoken to Mary about it.
He added he had spoken to her the week before.