Continutul proiectului:

Cap . 1 : Tema Proiectului

Cap . 2 : Cerintele proiectului
2.1: Analiza de curent continuu:
a) Caracteristica de iesire a tranzistoarelor
b) Functia de transfer
c) Punctul static de functionare al amplificatorului

2.2: Analiza de curent alternativ :

a) Folosind analiza de curent alternativ sa se determine spectrul de frecvente al
amplificatorului
b) Sa se determine rezistententele de intrare/iesire ale amplificatorului

2.3: Analiza in domeniul timp

a) La intrarea amplificatorului se va aplica un semnal sinusoidal. Frecventa semnalului
de intrare va fi aleasa atat din interiorul, cat si din afara spectrului de frecvente. Cum
se modifica aplitudinea semnalului de iesire in functie de frecventa?
b) Analiza parametrica
c) Analiza cu temperatura

2.4: Analiza Fourier

2.5: Cablajul in Layout al circuitului
2.6: Concluzii

2.7: Bibliografie

Cap.1:

TEMA PROIECTULUI

Sa se aleaga individual o schema electrica a unui amplificator cu tranzistoare

(sau amplificatoare operationale), pentru care se va prezenta modul initial de
functionare (denumire amplificator, modul de functionare, unde poate fi
intrebuintat etc). Pe baza schemei alese se vor realiza in OrCAD
(Pspice/Capture/Layout) analizele prezentate la punctul B. Rezultatele analizelor
vor fi comparate cu datele de catalog ale amplificatorului ales.
Obs: Schema electriva va contine cel putin doua tranzistoare.

1.1.:

Amplificator audio 150W

Bazat pe doua trazistoare de putere Darlington,TIP142 si TIP147 ,acest

circuit poate reda o putere de 150W RMS pe o sarcina de impedanta 4 ohmi.
TIP 147 si 142 sunt tranzistori Darlington pereche,complementary, care pot
face fata la un current de 5Asi o tensiune de 100V ,acestia fiind faimosi pentru
fidelitatea lor. In aceasta shema mai avem si doi tranzistori de tip BC 558, Q5 si Q6,
conectati in etajul de preamplificare, iar TIP 142 ,TIP 147 impreuna cu TIP42
(Q1,Q2,Q3) formeaza etajul final de amplificare cu iesirea pe difuzor.Acest circuit
este proiectat atat de bine incat poate fi realizat pe o placa de test sau chiar prin
metoda liprii pin cu pin.Acest circuit poate fi alimentat cu o sursa simetrica de
tensiune de +/-45V la un current de 5A.

2.2:

Schema electrica in Capture :

Cap . 2 :

Cerintele proiectului

2.1: Analiza de curent continuu :

a) Caracteristica de iesire a tranzistoarelor:
1) TIP142:

program_TIP142
.OPTIONS NOPAGE NOECHO
VBE 1 0 DC 12V

VX 3 0 DC 15V
Q1 3 1 4 TIP142
Q2 3 4 0 TIP142A .6286
D1 3 1 Dmodel
R1 1 4 8.000E3
R2 4 3 40
.MODEL Dmodel D
+ IS=4.3887E-12
+ N=3.4748
+ RS=1.0000E-3
+ CJO=1.0000E-12
+ M=.3333
+ VJ=.75
+ ISR=100.00E-12
+ BV=120
+ IBV=1.00E-6
+ TT=5.0000E-9
.MODEL TIP142 NPN
+ IS=1.605E-12 BF=745.1 NF=1 VAF=100
+ IKF=.3592 ISE=3.554E-9 NE=1.998 BR=.1018
+ NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=2.814 ISC=3.257E-12
+ NC=2.370 RB=0.159612 NK=.4489
+ RE=0 RC=0.106336 EG=1.110
+ CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75 MJE=.33 TF=23.00E-9
+ XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=2.000E-12
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5
+ TR=1.50E-6
.MODEL TIP142A NPN
+ IS=1.605E-12 BF=745.1 NF=1 VAF=100
+ IKF=.3592 ISE=3.554E-9 NE=1.998 BR=.1018
+ NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=2.814 ISC=3.257E-12
+ NC=2.370 RB=0.159612 NK=.4489
+ RE=0 RC=0.106336 EG=1.110
+ CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75 MJE=.33 TF=23.00E-9
+ XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=0
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5
+ TR=1.50E-6

.DC VBE 1 0 0.2 VX 0 -4 3

.PLOT DC I(VX)
.OP

.PROBE
.END

Rezultate:
****

BJT MODEL PARAMETERS

X_Q1.Q1model
NPN
IS

X_Q1.Q2model

NPN

1.605000E-12

1.605000E-12

BF 745.1

745.1

NF

VAF 100
IKF

100

.3592

.3592

ISE

3.554000E-09

NE

1.998

1.998

BR

.1018

.1018

NR

VAR 100

1
100

IKR

2.814

ISC

3.257000E-12

NC

2.37

NK

.4489

3.554000E-09

2.814
3.257000E-12

2.37
.4489

RB

.159612

.159612

RC

.106336

.106336

CJE

2.000000E-12

CJC

2.000000E-12

XCJC

.9

2.000000E-12

.9

TF 23.000000E-09 23.000000E-09
XTF

VTF 10

10

ITF

.01

.01

TR

1.500000E-06

CN 2.42
D

.87

1.500000E-06

2.42
.87

NODE VOLTAGE

NODE VOLTAGE

NODE VOLTAGE

1) 11.6820 ( 2) 11.6820 ( 3) 12.0000 (

5) 11.1460

4) 12.0000

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS

NAME
V1

CURRENT
-2.891E-01

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 3.47E+00 WATTS

NODE VOLTAGE

CONCLUZII:
Tranzistorul darlington de tip NPN TIP142 are in componenta defapt 2 tranzistori npn
obisnuiti la care coeficientul de amplificare Darlington=1+2 de aceea se explica cresterea
curentului pentru valori mai mari de 1.2V la care tranzistorul incepe sa conduca :
VBE=VB1+VB2~2VBE1.
Castigul in curent este mult mai mare la acest tip de tranzistoare decat la cele obisnuite
fata de tensiunea aplicata intre emiter si collector. Dupa temperature de 27C acesta isi pierde din
caracteristici si drept urmare pentru o amplificare eficienta a curentului de iesire acesta se
recomanda a fi montat pe un radiator.

2) TIP147 :

program_TIP147
I1 6 5 5uA
V1 0 5 12V
R3 2 6 0.001
R4 1 0 0.001
R5 3 5 0.001
Q1 3 2 4 TIP147

Q2 3 4 1 TIP147A 5.131
D1 1 3 Dmodel
R1 2 4 8.000E3
R2 4 3 40
.MODEL Dmodel D
+ IS=4.3887E-12
+ N=3.4748
+ RS=1.0000E-3
+ CJO=1.0000E-12
+ M=.3333
+ VJ=.75
+ ISR=100.00E-12
+ BV=120
+ IBV=1.00E-6
+ TT=5.0000E-9
.MODEL TIP147 PNP
+ IS=350.7E-15 BF=2.997E3 NF=1 VAF=100
+ IKF=.7028 ISE=20.45E-12 NE=1.522 BR=.1001
+ NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=4.029 ISC=21.47E-9
+ NC=1.562 RB=5.07314 NK=.7315
+ RE=0 RC=0.00101053 EG=1.110
+ CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75 MJE=.33 TF=15.00E-9
+ XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=2.000E-12
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5
+ TR=8.00E-5
.MODEL TIP147A PNP
+ IS=350.7E-15 BF=2.997E3 NF=1 VAF=100
+ IKF=.7028 ISE=20.45E-12 NE=1.522 BR=.1001

+ NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=4.029 ISC=21.47E-9

+ NC=1.562 RB=5.07314 NK=.7315
+ RE=0 RC=0.00101053 EG=1.110
+ CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75 MJE=.33 TF=15.00E-9
+ XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=0
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5
+ TR=8.00E-5
.DC V1 1V 12V 1V I1 5UA 10UA 2.5UA
.PLOT DC IC(Q1)
.OP
.PROBE
.END

REZULTATE:

BJT MODEL PARAMETERS

TIP147

TIP147A

PNP

PNP

IS 350.700000E-15 350.700000E-15
BF

2.997000E+03

NF

VAF 100
IKF

2.997000E+03

1
100

.7028

.7028

ISE 20.450000E-12 20.450000E-12

NE

1.522

1.522

BR

.1001

.1001

NR

10

VAR 100
IKR

100

4.029

4.029

ISC 21.470000E-09 21.470000E-09

NC

1.562

1.562

NK

.7315

RB

5.07314

RC

1.010530E-03

1.010530E-03

CJE

2.000000E-12

2.000000E-12

CJC

2.000000E-12

XCJC

.7315
5.07314

.9

.9

TF 15.000000E-09 15.000000E-09
XTF

VTF 10

10

ITF

.01

.01

TR 80.000000E-06 80.000000E-06
CN 2.2

2.2

.52

.52

SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION

NODE VOLTAGE

TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

NODE VOLTAGE

1) -3.4651 (

2) -4.4147 (

5) -12.0000 (

6) -4.4147

NODE VOLTAGE

3) -8.5349 (

4) -4.3745

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS

NAME
V1

CURRENT
-3.465E+03

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 4.16E+04 WATTS

11

NODE VOLTAGE

3) TIP41:

program_TIP41
.OPTIONS NOPAGE NOECHO
V1 5 0 DC 12V
I1 0 4 5UA
R1 2 4 0.001
R2 3 0 0.001
R3 1 5 0.001

12

Q1 1 2 3 TIP41
.MODEL TIP41 NPN(Is=457.5f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=50 Bf=156.7 Ise=1.346p Ne=1.34
+ Ikf=3.296 Nk=.5961 Xtb=2.2 Br=7.639 Isc=604.1f Nc=2.168
+ Ikr=8.131m Rc=91.29m Cjc=278.7p Mjc=.385 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=433p
+ Mje=.5 Vje=.75 Tr=1.412u Tf=37.34n Itf=35.68 Xtf=1.163 Vtf=10
+ Rb=.1)

.DC V1 0 12 1 I1 5UA 25UA 5UA

.PLOT DC IC(Q1)
.OP
.PROBE
.END

REZULTATE:
BJT MODEL PARAMETERS
TIP41
NPN
IS 457.500000E-15
BF 156.7
NF

VAF 50
IKF

3.296

ISE

1.346000E-12

NE

1.34

BR

7.639

NR

IKR

8.131000E-03

13

ISC 604.100000E-15
NC

2.168

NK

.5961

RB

.1

RC

.09129

CJE 433.000000E-12
MJE

.5

CJC 278.700000E-12
MJC

.385

TF 37.340000E-09
XTF

1.163

VTF 10
ITF 35.68
TR
XTB

1.412000E-06
2.2

CN 2.42
D

.87

SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION

NODE VOLTAGE
(

1) 12.0000 ( 2)

5) 12.0000

TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

NODE VOLTAGE

NODE VOLTAGE

.5142 ( 3) 247.7E-09 ( 4)

NODE VOLTAGE

.5142

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS

NAME
V1

CURRENT
-2.427E-04

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 2.91E-03 WATTS

Concluzii:
Tranzistorul TIP41 are rolul de adaptare de impedanta pentru intrarea in tranzistorul Darlington
pnp TIP147 de aceea amplificarea in curent a acestui tranzistorului este usor mai mica decat al
tranzsitorului TIP147 ce are rolul de etaj final de amplificare.
14

4)

BC558 :
PROGRAM BC558
V1 5 0 DC 12V
I1 4 0 5UA
R1 4 2 0.001
R2 3 0 0.001
R3 1 5 0.001
Q1 3 2 1 BC558
.MODEL BC558 PNP(Is=1.02f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=73.79 Bf=174.7 Ise=10.73f
+

Ne=1.644 Ikf=.1023 Nk=.5033 Xtb=1.5 Br=4.432 Isc=14.74f

Nc=1.296 Ikr=2.237 Rc=1.039 Cjc=9.81p Mjc=.332 Vjc=.4865 Fc=.5

Cje=30p Mje=.3333 Vje=.5 Tr=10n Tf=830.3p Itf=.8981 Xtf=10.32

Vtf=10)

.DC V1 0V 12V 1V I1 5UA 25UA 5UA

.PLOT DC I(R2)

15

.PROBE
.END
REZULTATE:
BJT MODEL PARAMETERS
BC558
PNP
IS

1.020000E-15

BF 174.7
NF

VAF 73.79
IKF

.1023

ISE 10.730000E-15
NE

1.644

BR

4.432

NR

IKR

2.237

ISC 14.740000E-15
NC
NK
RC

1.296
.5033
1.039

CJE 30.000000E-12
VJE

.5

MJE

.3333

CJC

9.810000E-12

VJC

.4865

MJC

.332

TF 830.300000E-12
XTF 10.32

16

VTF 10
ITF

.8981

TR 10.000000E-09
XTB

1.5

CN 2.2
D

.52

NODE VOLTAGE

NODE VOLTAGE

NODE VOLTAGE

1) 12.0000 ( 2) 11.2900 ( 3) 961.0E-09 ( 4) 11.2900

5) 12.0000
VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME
V1

CURRENT
-9.660E-04

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.16E-02 WATTS

17

NODE VOLTAGE

Concluzii:
Dupa cum se poate observa cele 2 tranzistoare BC558 in configuratia emitor comun pe intrarea
circuitului ridica curentul ce intra in baza acestora usor spre 50mA spre a putea fi mai departe
introdus in etajul final de amplificare cu transistor Darlington.Deasemenea acestea au si rolul de
adaptare de impedanta, facand parte din circuitul de preamplificare , pentru a putea folosi tranzistorii
de etaj final la potential maxim.

b)Functia de Transfer:
program_PAC
V1 1 0 DC 45V
V2 0 2 DC 45V
VIN 15 0 SIN(0 1V 500HZ)
R1 2 9 1.5K
R2 12 13 220
R3 6 8 3.3K
R4 10 12 22K
R5 8 3 .3K
R6 1 11 22K
R7 16 0 27K
R8 5 10 0.33
R9 10 19 0.33
R10 18 2 33

18

C1 8 10 10UF
C2 16 15 10UF
C3 13 0 100UF
D1 7 6 1N4007
D2 17 7 1N4007
Q1 1 2 21 TIP142
Q2 1 21 5 TIP142A .6286
D3 3 1 Dmodel
R11 2 4 8.000E3
R12 4 3 40
Q4 2 17 20 TIP147
Q5 2 17 19 TIP147A 5.131
D4 17 19 Dmodel1
R13 2 20 8.000E3
R14 20 19 40
.MODEL Dmodel1 D( IS=4.3887E-12 N=3.4748 RS=1.0000E-3 CJO=1.0000E-12 M=.3333 VJ=.75
+ ISR=100.00E-12 BV=120 IBV=1.00E-6 TT=5.0000E-9)
.MODEL TIP147 PNP( IS=350.7E-15 BF=2.997E3 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.7028 ISE=20.45E-12
+ NE=1.522 BR=.1001 NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=4.029 ISC=21.47E-9
+ NC=1.562 RB=5.07314 NK=.7315 RE=0 RC=0.00101053 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75
+ MJE=.33 TF=15.00E-9 XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=2.000E-12
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=8.00E-5)
.MODEL TIP147A PNP( IS=350.7E-15 BF=2.997E3 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.7028 ISE=20.45E-12
NE=1.522 BR=.1001 NR=1
+ VAR=100 IKR=4.029 ISC=21.47E-9
+ NC=1.562 RB=5.07314 NK=.7315 RE=0 RC=0.00101053 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12
+ VJE=.75 MJE=.33 TF=15.00E-9 XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=0
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=8.00E-5)

19

Q3 17 9 18 TIP41
Q6 2 12 11 BC558
Q7 9 16 11 BC558
.MODEL 1N4007 D (IS=14.11E-9 N=1.984 RS=33.89E-3 IKF=94.81 XTI=3
+ EG=1.110 CJO=51.17E-12 M=.2762 VJ=.3905 FC=.5 ISR=100.0E-12
+ NR=2 BV=100.1 IBV=10 TT=4.761E-6)
.MODEL Dmodel D ( IS=4.3887E-12 N=3.4748 RS=1.0000E-3 CJO=1.0000E-12 M=.3333 VJ=.75
+ ISR=100.00E-12 BV=120 IBV=1.00E-6 TT=5.0000E-9)
.MODEL TIP142 NPN ( IS=1.605E-12 BF=745.1 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.3592 ISE=3.554E-9 NE=1.998
+ BR=.1018 NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=2.814 ISC=3.257E-12
+ NC=2.370 RB=0.159612 NK=.4489 RE=0 RC=0.106336 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75
+ MJE=.33 TF=23.00E-9 XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=2.000E-12
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=1.50E-6)
.MODEL TIP142A NPN ( IS=1.605E-12 BF=745.1 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.3592 ISE=3.554E-9
+ NE=1.998 BR=.1018 NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=2.814 ISC=3.257E-12
+ NC=2.370 RB=0.159612 NK=.4489 RE=0 RC=0.106336 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75 MJE=.33
TF=23.00E-9
+ XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=0
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=1.50E-6)
.MODEL TIP41 NPN(Is=457.5f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=50 Bf=156.7 Ise=1.346p Ne=1.34 Ikf=3.296
Nk=.5961 Xtb=2.2 Br=7.639 Isc=604.1f Nc=2.168
+ Ikr=8.131m Rc=91.29m Cjc=278.7p Mjc=.385 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=433p Mje=.5 Vje=.75 Tr=1.412u
Tf=37.34n Itf=35.68 Xtf=1.163 Vtf=10
+ Rb=.1)
.MODEL BC558 PNP (Is=1.02f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=52.31 Bf=306.5 Ise=10.27f Ne=1.764
+ Ikf=91.85m Nk=.5351 Xtb=1.5 Br=6.48 Isc=1.472f
+ Nc=1.294 Ikr=.5584 Rc=1.086 Cjc=9.81p Mjc=.332 Vjc=.4865 Fc=.5 Cje=30p Mje=.3333
+ Vje=.5 Tr=10n Tf=611.6p Itf=1.373 Xtf=26.05 Vtf=10)
.TF V(10) VIN

20

.PROBE
.END

REZULTATE:
SMALL-SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS
V(10)/VIN = 0.000E+00
INPUT RESISTANCE AT VIN = 1.000E+20
OUTPUT RESISTANCE AT V(10) = 8.008E+03

C) Punctul

static de functionare:

21

Punctul static de functionare are loc pentru tensiunea de intrare de 36,28mV si curentul de
1,344A la care avem tensiunea de iesire de -1,658V si curentul de 52,59mA.

2.2: Analiza de curent alternativ :

a) in spectrul de frecvente:
curent_alternativ
.AC DEC 5000 30KHZ 1000GHZ
V1 1 0 DC 45V
V2 0 2 DC 45V
VIN 15 0 AC 10V
R1 2 9 1.5K
R2 12 13 220
R3 6 8 3.3K
R4 10 12 22K
R5 8 3 .3K
R6 1 11 22K
R7 16 0 27K

22

R8 5 10 0.33
R9 10 19 0.33
R10 18 2 33
C1 8 10 10UF
C2 16 15 10UF
C3 13 0 100UF
D1 7 6 1N4007
D2 17 7 1N4007
Q1 1 2 21 TIP142
Q2 1 21 5 TIP142A .6286
D3 3 1 Dmodel
R11 2 4 8.000E3
R12 4 3 40
Q4 2 17 20 TIP147
Q5 2 17 19 TIP147A 5.131
D4 17 19 Dmodel1
R13 2 20 8.000E3
R14 20 19 40
.MODEL Dmodel1 D( IS=4.3887E-12 N=3.4748 RS=1.0000E-3 CJO=1.0000E-12 M=.3333 VJ=.75
+ ISR=100.00E-12 BV=120 IBV=1.00E-6 TT=5.0000E-9)
.MODEL TIP147 PNP( IS=350.7E-15 BF=2.997E3 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.7028 ISE=20.45E-12
+ NE=1.522 BR=.1001 NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=4.029 ISC=21.47E-9
+ NC=1.562 RB=5.07314 NK=.7315 RE=0 RC=0.00101053 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75
+ MJE=.33 TF=15.00E-9 XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=2.000E-12
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=8.00E-5)
.MODEL TIP147A PNP( IS=350.7E-15 BF=2.997E3 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.7028 ISE=20.45E-12 NE=1.522
BR=.1001 NR=1
+ VAR=100 IKR=4.029 ISC=21.47E-9

23

+ NC=1.562 RB=5.07314 NK=.7315 RE=0 RC=0.00101053 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12

+ VJE=.75 MJE=.33 TF=15.00E-9 XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=0
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=8.00E-5)
Q3 17 9 18 TIP41
Q6 2 12 11 BC558
Q7 9 16 11 BC558
.MODEL 1N4007 D (IS=14.11E-9 N=1.984 RS=33.89E-3 IKF=94.81 XTI=3
+ EG=1.110 CJO=51.17E-12 M=.2762 VJ=.3905 FC=.5 ISR=100.0E-12
+ NR=2 BV=100.1 IBV=10 TT=4.761E-6)
.MODEL Dmodel D ( IS=4.3887E-12 N=3.4748 RS=1.0000E-3 CJO=1.0000E-12 M=.3333 VJ=.75
+ ISR=100.00E-12 BV=120 IBV=1.00E-6 TT=5.0000E-9)
.MODEL TIP142 NPN ( IS=1.605E-12 BF=745.1 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.3592 ISE=3.554E-9 NE=1.998
+ BR=.1018 NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=2.814 ISC=3.257E-12
+ NC=2.370 RB=0.159612 NK=.4489 RE=0 RC=0.106336 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75
+ MJE=.33 TF=23.00E-9 XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=2.000E-12
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=1.50E-6)
.MODEL TIP142A NPN ( IS=1.605E-12 BF=745.1 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.3592 ISE=3.554E-9
+ NE=1.998 BR=.1018 NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=2.814 ISC=3.257E-12
+ NC=2.370 RB=0.159612 NK=.4489 RE=0 RC=0.106336 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75 MJE=.33
TF=23.00E-9
+ XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=0
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=1.50E-6)
.MODEL TIP41 NPN(Is=457.5f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=50 Bf=156.7 Ise=1.346p Ne=1.34 Ikf=3.296 Nk=.5961
Xtb=2.2 Br=7.639 Isc=604.1f Nc=2.168
+ Ikr=8.131m Rc=91.29m Cjc=278.7p Mjc=.385 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=433p Mje=.5 Vje=.75 Tr=1.412u
Tf=37.34n Itf=35.68 Xtf=1.163 Vtf=10
+ Rb=.1)
.MODEL BC558 PNP (Is=1.02f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=52.31 Bf=306.5 Ise=10.27f Ne=1.764
+ Ikf=91.85m Nk=.5351 Xtb=1.5 Br=6.48 Isc=1.472f

24

+ Nc=1.294 Ikr=.5584 Rc=1.086 Cjc=9.81p Mjc=.332 Vjc=.4865 Fc=.5 Cje=30p Mje=.3333

+ Vje=.5 Tr=10n Tf=611.6p Itf=1.373 Xtf=26.05 Vtf=10)
.PLOT AC VM(10) VP(10)
.PROBE
.END

b)Sa se determine rezistententele de intrare/iesire ale amplificatorului:

INPUT RESISTANCE AT V2 = 2.211E+04

OUTPUT RESISTANCE AT V(10) = 8.008E+03

2.3:

Analiza in domeniul timp:

a) La intrarea amplificatorului se va aplica un semnal sinusoidal. Frecventa

semnalului de intrare va fi aleasa atat din interiorul, cat si din afara spectrului de
frecvente. Cum se modifica aplitudinea semnalului de iesire in functie de frecventa.

25

PROGRAM:
DOMENIU TIMP
.TRAN 1NS 10MS
V1 1 0 DC 45V
V2 0 2 DC -45V
VIN 15 0 SIN(0 0.5V 1KHZ)
R1 2 9 1.5K
R2 12 13 220
R3 6 8 3.3K
R4 10 12 22K
R5 8 3 .3K
R6 1 11 22K
R7 16 0 27K
R8 5 10 0.33
R9 10 19 0.33
R10 18 2 33
R15 10 0 8
C1 8 10 10UF
C2 16 15 10UF
C3 13 0 100UF
D1 7 6 1N4007
D2 17 7 1N4007
Q1 1 2 21 TIP142
Q2 1 21 5 TIP142A .6286
D3 3 1 Dmodel
R11 2 4 8.000E3
R12 4 3 40
Q4 2 17 20 TIP147

26

Q5 2 17 19 TIP147A 5.131
D4 17 19 Dmodel1
R13 2 20 8.000E3
R14 20 19 40
.MODEL Dmodel1 D( IS=4.3887E-12 N=3.4748 RS=1.0000E-3 CJO=1.0000E-12 M=.3333 VJ=.75
+ ISR=100.00E-12 BV=120 IBV=1.00E-6 TT=5.0000E-9)
.MODEL TIP147 PNP( IS=350.7E-15 BF=2.997E3 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.7028 ISE=20.45E-12
+ NE=1.522 BR=.1001 NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=4.029 ISC=21.47E-9
+ NC=1.562 RB=5.07314 NK=.7315 RE=0 RC=0.00101053 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75
+ MJE=.33 TF=15.00E-9 XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=2.000E-12
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=8.00E-5)
.MODEL TIP147A PNP( IS=350.7E-15 BF=2.997E3 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.7028 ISE=20.45E-12 NE=1.522
BR=.1001 NR=1
+ VAR=100 IKR=4.029 ISC=21.47E-9
+ NC=1.562 RB=5.07314 NK=.7315 RE=0 RC=0.00101053 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12
+ VJE=.75 MJE=.33 TF=15.00E-9 XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=0
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=8.00E-5)
Q3 17 9 18 TIP41
Q6 2 12 11 BC558
Q7 9 16 11 BC558
.MODEL 1N4007 D (IS=14.11E-9 N=1.984 RS=33.89E-3 IKF=94.81 XTI=3
+ EG=1.110 CJO=51.17E-12 M=.2762 VJ=.3905 FC=.5 ISR=100.0E-12
+ NR=2 BV=100.1 IBV=10 TT=4.761E-6)
.MODEL Dmodel D ( IS=4.3887E-12 N=3.4748 RS=1.0000E-3 CJO=1.0000E-12 M=.3333 VJ=.75
+ ISR=100.00E-12 BV=120 IBV=1.00E-6 TT=5.0000E-9)
.MODEL TIP142 NPN ( IS=1.605E-12 BF=745.1 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.3592 ISE=3.554E-9 NE=1.998
+ BR=.1018 NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=2.814 ISC=3.257E-12
+ NC=2.370 RB=0.159612 NK=.4489 RE=0 RC=0.106336 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75

27

+ MJE=.33 TF=23.00E-9 XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=2.000E-12

+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=1.50E-6)
.MODEL TIP142A NPN ( IS=1.605E-12 BF=745.1 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.3592 ISE=3.554E-9
+ NE=1.998 BR=.1018 NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=2.814 ISC=3.257E-12
+ NC=2.370 RB=0.159612 NK=.4489 RE=0 RC=0.106336 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75 MJE=.33
TF=23.00E-9
+ XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=0
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=1.50E-6)
.MODEL TIP41 NPN(Is=457.5f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=50 Bf=156.7 Ise=1.346p Ne=1.34 Ikf=3.296 Nk=.5961
Xtb=2.2 Br=7.639 Isc=604.1f Nc=2.168
+ Ikr=8.131m Rc=91.29m Cjc=278.7p Mjc=.385 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=433p Mje=.5 Vje=.75 Tr=1.412u Tf=37.34n
Itf=35.68 Xtf=1.163 Vtf=10
+ Rb=.1)
.MODEL BC558 PNP (Is=1.02f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=52.31 Bf=306.5 Ise=10.27f Ne=1.764
+ Ikf=91.85m Nk=.5351 Xtb=1.5 Br=6.48 Isc=1.472f
+ Nc=1.294 Ikr=.5584 Rc=1.086 Cjc=9.81p Mjc=.332 Vjc=.4865 Fc=.5 Cje=30p Mje=.3333
+ Vje=.5 Tr=10n Tf=611.6p Itf=1.373 Xtf=26.05 Vtf=10)
.PLOT TRAN V(R15)
.PROBE
.END

REZULTATE:

NODE VOLTAGE

NODE VOLTAGE

NODE VOLTAGE

1) 45.0000 ( 2) 45.0000 ( 3) 45.0000 (

4) 45.0000

5) 43.5280 ( 6) 45.0000 ( 7) 44.2960 (

8) 45.0000

9) 43.6450 ( 10) 42.1100 ( 11) 43.6460 ( 12) 44.2970

( 13) 44.2970 ( 15)

0.0000 ( 16) 42.8700 ( 17) 43.6240

28

NODE VOLTAGE

( 18) 45.0000 ( 19) 42.4280 ( 20) 42.7130 ( 21) 44.3600

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME

CURRENT

V1

-4.298E+00

V2

9.668E-01

VIN

0.000E+00

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 2.37E+02 WATTS

29

B) Analiza Parametrica:
IN TIMP:
DOMENIU TIMP
V1 1 0 DC 45V
V2 0 2 DC -45V
VIN 15 0 SIN(0 0.5V 1KHZ)
R1 2 9 1.5K
R2 12 13 220
R3 6 8 3.3K
R4 10 12 {R4}
R5 8 3 .3K
R6 1 11 22K
R7 16 0 27K
R8 5 10 0.33
R9 10 19 0.33
R10 18 2 33

30

R15 10 0 8
C1 8 10 10UF
C2 16 15 10UF
C3 13 0 100UF
D1 7 6 1N4007
D2 17 7 1N4007
Q1 3 4 21 TIP142
Q2 3 21 5 TIP142A .6286
D3 3 5 Dmodel
R11 2 4 8.000E3
R12 4 3 40
Q4 2 17 20 TIP147
Q5 2 20 19 TIP147A 5.131
D4 17 19 Dmodel1
R13 2 20 8.000E3
R14 20 19 40
.MODEL Dmodel1 D( IS=4.3887E-12 N=3.4748 RS=1.0000E-3 CJO=1.0000E-12 M=.3333 VJ=.75
+ ISR=100.00E-12 BV=120 IBV=1.00E-6 TT=5.0000E-9)
.MODEL TIP147 PNP( IS=350.7E-15 BF=2.997E3 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.7028 ISE=20.45E-12
+ NE=1.522 BR=.1001 NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=4.029 ISC=21.47E-9
+ NC=1.562 RB=5.07314 NK=.7315 RE=0 RC=0.00101053 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75
+ MJE=.33 TF=15.00E-9 XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=2.000E-12
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=8.00E-5)
.MODEL TIP147A PNP( IS=350.7E-15 BF=2.997E3 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.7028 ISE=20.45E-12 NE=1.522
BR=.1001 NR=1
+ VAR=100 IKR=4.029 ISC=21.47E-9
+ NC=1.562 RB=5.07314 NK=.7315 RE=0 RC=0.00101053 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12
+ VJE=.75 MJE=.33 TF=15.00E-9 XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=0

31

+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=8.00E-5)

Q3 17 9 18 TIP41
Q6 2 12 11 BC558
Q7 9 16 11 BC558
.MODEL 1N4007 D (IS=14.11E-9 N=1.984 RS=33.89E-3 IKF=94.81 XTI=3
+ EG=1.110 CJO=51.17E-12 M=.2762 VJ=.3905 FC=.5 ISR=100.0E-12
+ NR=2 BV=100.1 IBV=10 TT=4.761E-6)
.MODEL Dmodel D ( IS=4.3887E-12 N=3.4748 RS=1.0000E-3 CJO=1.0000E-12 M=.3333 VJ=.75
+ ISR=100.00E-12 BV=120 IBV=1.00E-6 TT=5.0000E-9)
.MODEL TIP142 NPN ( IS=1.605E-12 BF=745.1 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.3592 ISE=3.554E-9 NE=1.998
+ BR=.1018 NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=2.814 ISC=3.257E-12
+ NC=2.370 RB=0.159612 NK=.4489 RE=0 RC=0.106336 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75
+ MJE=.33 TF=23.00E-9 XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=2.000E-12
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=1.50E-6)
.MODEL TIP142A NPN ( IS=1.605E-12 BF=745.1 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.3592 ISE=3.554E-9
+ NE=1.998 BR=.1018 NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=2.814 ISC=3.257E-12
+ NC=2.370 RB=0.159612 NK=.4489 RE=0 RC=0.106336 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75 MJE=.33
TF=23.00E-9
+ XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=0
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=1.50E-6)
.MODEL TIP41 NPN(Is=457.5f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=50 Bf=156.7 Ise=1.346p Ne=1.34 Ikf=3.296 Nk=.5961
Xtb=2.2 Br=7.639 Isc=604.1f Nc=2.168
+ Ikr=8.131m Rc=91.29m Cjc=278.7p Mjc=.385 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=433p Mje=.5 Vje=.75 Tr=1.412u Tf=37.34n
Itf=35.68 Xtf=1.163 Vtf=10
+ Rb=.1)
.MODEL BC558 PNP (Is=1.02f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=52.31 Bf=306.5 Ise=10.27f Ne=1.764
+ Ikf=91.85m Nk=.5351 Xtb=1.5 Br=6.48 Isc=1.472f
+ Nc=1.294 Ikr=.5584 Rc=1.086 Cjc=9.81p Mjc=.332 Vjc=.4865 Fc=.5 Cje=30p Mje=.3333
+ Vje=.5 Tr=10n Tf=611.6p Itf=1.373 Xtf=26.05 Vtf=10)

32

.TRAN 0.01US 1MS

.PARAM R4=10
.STEP PARAM R4 LIST 4 10 1K
.PROBE
.END

REZULTAT:
INITIAL TRANSIENT SOLUTION
CURRENT STEP
NODE VOLTAGE

TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

PARAM R4 = 4
NODE VOLTAGE

NODE VOLTAGE

1) 45.0000 ( 2) 45.0000 ( 3) 34.5150 (

4) 34.5670

5) 33.6460 ( 6) 34.7430 ( 7) 35.1740 (

8) 34.5340

9) 36.3850 ( 10) 33.6450 ( 11) 42.6280 ( 12) 41.6760

( 13) 41.6760 ( 15)

NODE VOLTAGE

0.0000 ( 16) 41.7550 ( 17) 35.6050

( 18) 43.2260 ( 19) 34.3700 ( 20) 44.3130 ( 21) 34.1430

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME

CURRENT

V1

-1.078E-04

V2

4.207E+00

VIN

0.000E+00

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.89E+02 WATTS

INITIAL TRANSIENT SOLUTION
CURRENT STEP
NODE VOLTAGE

TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

PARAM R4 = 10
NODE VOLTAGE

NODE VOLTAGE

1) 45.0000 ( 2) 45.0000 ( 3) 31.9760 (

4) 32.0400

5) 31.0980 ( 6) 32.3370 ( 7) 32.7920 (

8) 32.0060

9) 34.0320 ( 10) 31.0980 ( 11) 43.5440 ( 12) 42.6080

( 13) 42.6080 ( 15)

0.0000 ( 16) 42.6700 ( 17) 33.2470

( 18) 43.1700 ( 19) 32.0000 ( 20) 44.2820 ( 21) 31.6080

33

NODE VOLTAGE

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS

NAME

CURRENT

V1

-6.620E-05

V2

3.889E+00

VIN

0.000E+00

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.75E+02 WATTS

****

INITIAL TRANSIENT SOLUTION

****

CURRENT STEP

NODE VOLTAGE

TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

PARAM R4 = 1.0000E+03

NODE VOLTAGE

NODE VOLTAGE

1) 45.0000 ( 2) 45.0000 ( 3) 28.2720 (

4) 28.3540

5) 27.3880 ( 6) 28.8170 ( 7) 29.2930 (

8) 28.3170

9) 30.5190 ( 10) 27.3880 ( 11) 30.7260 ( 12) 44.0500

( 13) 44.0500 ( 15)

0.0000 ( 16) 29.8750 ( 17) 29.7690

( 18) 43.6010 ( 19) 28.5110 ( 20) 44.2380 ( 21) 27.9130

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME

CURRENT

V1

-6.488E-04

V2

3.424E+00

VIN

0.000E+00

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.54E+02 WATTS

34

NODE VOLTAGE

c)Analiza temperaturii:
#
V1 1 0 DC 45V
V2 0 2 DC -45V
VIN 15 0 SIN(0 0.5V 1KHZ)
R1 2 9 1.5K
R2 12 13 220
R3 6 8 3.3K
R4 10 12 22k
R5 8 3 .3K
R6 1 11 22K
R7 16 0 27K
R8 5 10 0.33
R9 10 19 0.33
R10 18 2 33
R15 10 0 8
C1 8 10 10UF

35

C2 16 15 10UF
C3 13 0 100UF
D1 7 6 1N4007
D2 17 7 1N4007
Q1 3 4 21 TIP142
Q2 3 21 5 TIP142A .6286
D3 3 5 Dmodel
R11 2 4 8.000E3
R12 4 3 40
Q4 2 17 20 TIP147
Q5 2 20 19 TIP147A 5.131
D4 17 19 Dmodel1
R13 2 20 8.000E3
R14 20 19 40
.MODEL Dmodel1 D( IS=4.3887E-12 N=3.4748 RS=1.0000E-3 CJO=1.0000E-12 M=.3333 VJ=.75
+ ISR=100.00E-12 BV=120 IBV=1.00E-6 TT=5.0000E-9)
.MODEL TIP147 PNP( IS=350.7E-15 BF=2.997E3 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.7028 ISE=20.45E-12
+ NE=1.522 BR=.1001 NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=4.029 ISC=21.47E-9
+ NC=1.562 RB=5.07314 NK=.7315 RE=0 RC=0.00101053 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75
+ MJE=.33 TF=15.00E-9 XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=2.000E-12
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=8.00E-5)
.MODEL TIP147A PNP( IS=350.7E-15 BF=2.997E3 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.7028 ISE=20.45E-12 NE=1.522
BR=.1001 NR=1
+ VAR=100 IKR=4.029 ISC=21.47E-9
+ NC=1.562 RB=5.07314 NK=.7315 RE=0 RC=0.00101053 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12
+ VJE=.75 MJE=.33 TF=15.00E-9 XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=0
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=8.00E-5)
Q3 17 9 18 TIP41

36

Q6 2 12 11 BC558
Q7 9 16 11 BC558
.MODEL 1N4007 D (IS=14.11E-9 N=1.984 RS=33.89E-3 IKF=94.81 XTI=3
+ EG=1.110 CJO=51.17E-12 M=.2762 VJ=.3905 FC=.5 ISR=100.0E-12
+ NR=2 BV=100.1 IBV=10 TT=4.761E-6)
.MODEL Dmodel D ( IS=4.3887E-12 N=3.4748 RS=1.0000E-3 CJO=1.0000E-12 M=.3333 VJ=.75
+ ISR=100.00E-12 BV=120 IBV=1.00E-6 TT=5.0000E-9)
.MODEL TIP142 NPN ( IS=1.605E-12 BF=745.1 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.3592 ISE=3.554E-9 NE=1.998
+ BR=.1018 NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=2.814 ISC=3.257E-12
+ NC=2.370 RB=0.159612 NK=.4489 RE=0 RC=0.106336 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75
+ MJE=.33 TF=23.00E-9 XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=2.000E-12
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=1.50E-6)
.MODEL TIP142A NPN ( IS=1.605E-12 BF=745.1 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.3592 ISE=3.554E-9
+ NE=1.998 BR=.1018 NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=2.814 ISC=3.257E-12
+ NC=2.370 RB=0.159612 NK=.4489 RE=0 RC=0.106336 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75 MJE=.33
TF=23.00E-9
+ XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=0
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=1.50E-6)
.MODEL TIP41 NPN(Is=457.5f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=50 Bf=156.7 Ise=1.346p Ne=1.34 Ikf=3.296 Nk=.5961
Xtb=2.2 Br=7.639 Isc=604.1f Nc=2.168
+ Ikr=8.131m Rc=91.29m Cjc=278.7p Mjc=.385 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=433p Mje=.5 Vje=.75 Tr=1.412u Tf=37.34n
Itf=35.68 Xtf=1.163 Vtf=10
+ Rb=.1)
.MODEL BC558 PNP (Is=1.02f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=52.31 Bf=306.5 Ise=10.27f Ne=1.764
+ Ikf=91.85m Nk=.5351 Xtb=1.5 Br=6.48 Isc=1.472f
+ Nc=1.294 Ikr=.5584 Rc=1.086 Cjc=9.81p Mjc=.332 Vjc=.4865 Fc=.5 Cje=30p Mje=.3333
+ Vje=.5 Tr=10n Tf=611.6p Itf=1.373 Xtf=26.05 Vtf=10)
.TRAN

0.01US 1MS

.TEMP 0 20 100

37

.PROBE
.END

REZULTATUL:
INITIAL TRANSIENT SOLUTION
NODE VOLTAGE

TEMPERATURE =

NODE VOLTAGE

0.000 DEG C

NODE VOLTAGE

1) 45.0000 ( 2) 45.0000 ( 3) 27.9310 (

4) 28.0150

5) 27.0030 ( 6) 28.3200 ( 7) 28.8440 (

8) 27.9630

9) 30.0900 ( 10) 27.0020 ( 11) 30.1100 ( 12) 44.2040

( 13) 44.2040 ( 15)

NODE VOLTAGE

0.0000 ( 16) 29.2960 ( 17) 29.3680

( 18) 44.4660 ( 19) 28.1150 ( 20) 44.1780 ( 21) 27.5380

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME

CURRENT

V1

-6.768E-04

V2

3.376E+00

VIN

0.000E+00

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.52E+02 WATTS

****

TEMPERATURE-ADJUSTED VALUES

NODE VOLTAGE

NODE VOLTAGE

TEMPERATURE = 20.000 DEG C

NODE VOLTAGE

1) 45.0000 ( 2) 45.0000 ( 3) 27.9260 (

4) 28.0100

5) 27.0270 ( 6) 28.4210 ( 7) 28.9090 (

8) 27.9670

9) 30.0890 ( 10) 27.0270 ( 11) 30.1110 ( 12) 44.2290

( 13) 44.2290 ( 15)

0.0000 ( 16) 29.3210 ( 17) 29.3970

( 18) 44.4160 ( 19) 28.1400 ( 20) 44.2190 ( 21) 27.5580

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME

CURRENT

V1

-6.768E-04

V2

3.379E+00

VIN

0.000E+00

38

NODE VOLTAGE

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.52E+02 WATTS

****

INITIAL TRANSIENT SOLUTION

NODE VOLTAGE

NODE VOLTAGE

TEMPERATURE = 100.000 DEG C

NODE VOLTAGE

1) 45.0000 ( 2) 45.0000 ( 3) 27.7310 (

4) 27.8160

5) 27.1320 ( 6) 28.8210 ( 7) 29.1660 (

8) 27.8220

9) 30.0880 ( 10) 27.1310 ( 11) 30.1170 ( 12) 44.3330

( 13) 44.3330 ( 15)

0.0000 ( 16) 29.4260 ( 17) 29.5120

( 18) 44.2080 ( 19) 28.2490 ( 20) 44.3850 ( 21) 27.5340

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME

CURRENT

V1

-6.765E-04

V2

3.392E+00

VIN

0.000E+00

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.53E+02 WATTS

39

NODE VOLTAGE

2.4: Analiza Fourier:

#
V1 0 1 DC 15V
V2 0 2 DC -15V
VIN 15 0 SIN(0 0.5V 1KHZ)
R1 2 9 1.5K
R2 12 13 220
R3 6 8 3.3K
R4 10 12 22k
R5 8 3 .3K
R6 1 11 22K
R7 16 0 27K
R8 5 10 0.33
R9 10 19 0.33
R10 18 2 33
R15 10 0 8
C1 8 10 10UF
C2 16 15 10UF
C3 13 0 100UF
D1 7 6 1N4007
D2 17 7 1N4007
Q1 3 4 21 TIP142
Q2 3 21 5 TIP142A .6286
D3 3 5 Dmodel
R11 2 4 8.000E3
R12 4 3 40

40

Q4 2 17 20 TIP147
Q5 2 20 19 TIP147A 5.131
D4 17 19 Dmodel1
R13 2 20 8.000E3
R14 20 19 40
.MODEL Dmodel1 D( IS=4.3887E-12 N=3.4748 RS=1.0000E-3 CJO=1.0000E-12 M=.3333 VJ=.75
+ ISR=100.00E-12 BV=120 IBV=1.00E-6 TT=5.0000E-9)
.MODEL TIP147 PNP( IS=350.7E-15 BF=2.997E3 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.7028 ISE=20.45E-12
+ NE=1.522 BR=.1001 NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=4.029 ISC=21.47E-9
+ NC=1.562 RB=5.07314 NK=.7315 RE=0 RC=0.00101053 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75
+ MJE=.33 TF=15.00E-9 XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=2.000E-12
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=8.00E-5)
.MODEL TIP147A PNP( IS=350.7E-15 BF=2.997E3 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.7028 ISE=20.45E-12 NE=1.522
BR=.1001 NR=1
+ VAR=100 IKR=4.029 ISC=21.47E-9
+ NC=1.562 RB=5.07314 NK=.7315 RE=0 RC=0.00101053 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12
+ VJE=.75 MJE=.33 TF=15.00E-9 XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=0
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=8.00E-5)
Q3 17 9 18 TIP41
Q6 2 12 11 BC558
Q7 9 16 11 BC558
.MODEL 1N4007 D (IS=14.11E-9 N=1.984 RS=33.89E-3 IKF=94.81 XTI=3
+ EG=1.110 CJO=51.17E-12 M=.2762 VJ=.3905 FC=.5 ISR=100.0E-12
+ NR=2 BV=100.1 IBV=10 TT=4.761E-6)
.MODEL Dmodel D ( IS=4.3887E-12 N=3.4748 RS=1.0000E-3 CJO=1.0000E-12 M=.3333 VJ=.75
+ ISR=100.00E-12 BV=120 IBV=1.00E-6 TT=5.0000E-9)
.MODEL TIP142 NPN ( IS=1.605E-12 BF=745.1 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.3592 ISE=3.554E-9 NE=1.998
+ BR=.1018 NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=2.814 ISC=3.257E-12

41

+ NC=2.370 RB=0.159612 NK=.4489 RE=0 RC=0.106336 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75

+ MJE=.33 TF=23.00E-9 XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=2.000E-12
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=1.50E-6)
.MODEL TIP142A NPN ( IS=1.605E-12 BF=745.1 NF=1 VAF=100 IKF=.3592 ISE=3.554E-9
+ NE=1.998 BR=.1018 NR=1 VAR=100 IKR=2.814 ISC=3.257E-12
+ NC=2.370 RB=0.159612 NK=.4489 RE=0 RC=0.106336 EG=1.110 CJE=2.000E-12 VJE=.75 MJE=.33
TF=23.00E-9
+ XTF=1 VTF=10 ITF=10.00E-3 CJC=0
+ VJC=.75 MJC=.33 XCJC=.9 FC=.5 TR=1.50E-6)
.MODEL TIP41 NPN(Is=457.5f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=50 Bf=156.7 Ise=1.346p Ne=1.34 Ikf=3.296 Nk=.5961
Xtb=2.2 Br=7.639 Isc=604.1f Nc=2.168
+ Ikr=8.131m Rc=91.29m Cjc=278.7p Mjc=.385 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=433p Mje=.5 Vje=.75 Tr=1.412u Tf=37.34n
Itf=35.68 Xtf=1.163 Vtf=10
+ Rb=.1)
.MODEL BC558 PNP (Is=1.02f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=52.31 Bf=306.5 Ise=10.27f Ne=1.764
+ Ikf=91.85m Nk=.5351 Xtb=1.5 Br=6.48 Isc=1.472f
+ Nc=1.294 Ikr=.5584 Rc=1.086 Cjc=9.81p Mjc=.332 Vjc=.4865 Fc=.5 Cje=30p Mje=.3333
+ Vje=.5 Tr=10n Tf=611.6p Itf=1.373 Xtf=26.05 Vtf=10)
.TRAN

0.001US 0.002S

.FOUR 5MEGHZ V(10)

.PROBE
.END

REZULTATE:
FOURIER ANALYSIS

TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

FOURIER COMPONENTS OF TRANSIENT RESPONSE V(10)

DC COMPONENT = 0.000000E+00
HARMONIC FREQUENCY
NO
1

(HZ)
5.000E+06

FOURIER

COMPONENT
1.000E-30

NORMALIZED

COMPONENT

1.000E+00

(DEG)

0.000E+00

42

PHASE

NORMALIZED

PHASE (DEG)

0.000E+00

1.000E+07

1.000E-30

1.000E+00

0.000E+00

0.000E+00

1.500E+07

1.000E-30

1.000E+00

0.000E+00

0.000E+00

2.000E+07

1.000E-30

1.000E+00

0.000E+00

0.000E+00

2.500E+07

1.000E-30

1.000E+00

0.000E+00

0.000E+00

3.000E+07

1.000E-30

1.000E+00

0.000E+00

0.000E+00

3.500E+07

1.000E-30

1.000E+00

0.000E+00

0.000E+00

4.000E+07

1.000E-30

1.000E+00

0.000E+00

0.000E+00

4.500E+07

1.000E-30

1.000E+00

0.000E+00

0.000E+00

TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION = 2.828427E+02 PERCENT

2.5:

43

Cablajul in Layout al circuitului

Cu piese

44

Fata cablaj fara piese.

45

2.6: Concluzii

In lucrarea de fata au fost prezentate probleme generale ale amplificatoarelor

cu tranzistoare si probleme specifice amplificatoarelor cu tranzistoare. Problemele
generale sunt structura unui etaj sau a unui lant de amplificare, parametrii
principali, caracteristicile grafice, modul de analiza. Probleme specifice sunt clasele
de functionare sau schemele echivalente utilizate pentru analiza amplificatoarelor
cu tranzistoare.

Un dezavantaj este o dublare aproximative a tensiunii baza-emitor. Din moment ce sunt

doua intersectii intre baza si emitor la tranzistoarelei Darlington, echivalentul tensiunii bazaemitor este suma celor doua tensiuni baza-emitor:
VBE = VBE1 + VBE2=~ 2VBE1
Pentru tehnologia pe baza de siliciu, in cazul in care fiecare VBEi este aproximativ 0,65 V,
atunci cnd aparatul functioneaza in regiunea activa sau saturatie, necesarul de tensiune baza46

emitor pentru o pereche este de 1,3 V.

O alta problema este o reducere a vitezei de comutare, pentru ca primul tranzistor nu poate
inhiba curentul activ de baza de cel de al doilea , ceea ce face aparatul lent. Pentru a atenua acest
lucru, tranzistorul al doilea are deseori un rezistor de cteva sute de ohmi conectat intre baza si
terminale de emitor. Acest rezistor ofera o cale de descarcare de gestiune, impedanta scazuta
pentru acumularea de sarcina in jonctiunea baza-emitor, tranzistorul inchidandu-se astfel mai
repede.

2.7.Bibliografie:
Curs Proiectare Asistata de Calculator prof. D. Farini
Proiect prof. O. Tomescu
www.alltransistors.com
www.alldatasheet.com

47