-.

.t.

5. rhclranc'riussErcrnenr r0blerns: ;'roblern

5.1 :

Gio\VS &J, l+eW'd'

6 The SPace Truss Element
q

--,+

onsiclcr tlte plnnc tru.ss .sltorvn irr Figtrrc 5.5. Civcrt

,l

li :210

CiPl irrtcl .,1 - 0.00f-r lrr2

tenninc:

for the stt'ttctttt'c, horizontal ancl vcrtical clispllccnlcttl.s at ttotlcs 2,3, l. tlrc lrorizontal and vcrticnl rcactiort.s rtt'ttoclc.s I and 6, ,t. thc strcss in each elcntcnt.
I

. thc global .stiffnes.s ttttttt'ix

?". the

'1, attd 5,

6.1
Basic

\ \ -f1c sl)ilcc truss clcrrrc't is a thrcc-)linre'sior*rl firritc.ty(tttt.t rvith both local artd 'l'lrc sP:tt'c It'ttss lirrcrrt' s.lt: rry't', rrctit)lls' glt,,lrrrl ctr.r.tlirrrrtcs. lt is ,,.lurnrt'tcr iz..'\ lr1'

Equations \ \

\ \

I,,,,

'#(5rtr
') roblem

5ttt )tlt

iK;-*

:'ig. 5.5. Ptltnc Trttss ftlr Problcrn 5.1

r['cl.sticity /:', c,,\r-.t*cti.ttlt, ^f:,^/1,^itttcl I 5rs tlrl) *ruclrrlus clcrrcrrr ClUlllUlll 1^.^L]:]]rtl.l::: irtclin\ s'itlt tttg^6t 0,t,0 v' itltrl /)' tttcllstrrcd frtlttl tr.rrss clcr'crrt 51s trvo rr.rlcs arrd is U.,:f:^t::,i-l:.it:i::1:,:::i:fif;i; rlrc global X ,Y ,ancl Z rxcs, respectiucty,\q rn trris case rrrc crcrnenr stirrness ffiZ;":'.::r'ri,,',"io:";;;'0;];;; nrnrrix is gir.cn by (scc re[e rcnces I l] arld Ilrp{\

lcrrgttt

c"':b\?/,.

c3 5.2:
(:yc:,.

c,.c:y
Ci

-C"'C"
vC,

-c rc,
_C:
C:
Ct,,C,
c;

.r:nsiclcr the strrtctttrc coltlposccl of it 'sprirtg attd llluttc trttss its shotvn irt lligtrrc 5.6" livctt. fi -- 70 CPa,;t: S.0lnl2, alltl t: 30tjt) kN/nt, dctcrtttine':

A.-

Etl
L

C,C, *c':. -CrC,

C,
C,.CV

C:
C.rC'y

C,'C

"

l.
L';.

thc global stiffness ntatrix l"or Ilic strttctttl'c,

2. tlre displacclllcltts at noclc.s 'l atlcl 5, 3. thc rcacl"iotts at ttoclcs 1,2, attd 3,
thc fcrrce in tltc sPt'ittg, 5. thc stress ilt ettclt trtt.ss clctttcttt.

-cl
*c
rc,',,

C,C,
C,: (0. 1)

-(:

',t,
,.

f'
,lrI

"' {,

_>

r0kN

,*
o\}

.->x

-\

/.

l''iH.

(r.

l.'l'lrc Sl)ll('c'l'ttrss Ir'lctrtcttt

;-.1--'rir.r'.
,

.:ilidiigr5r*

.',.'.

.''-:.",:i{ri.'

130

7.

T'lrc Rcnrrr Elenrcrrt

7.2 l''14I'LAIJ Irunctiotts (t 2 ,L2)

Uscd

l3l

llfl

rmElementHomentDiagram

Bendrng Morncr{ CIogr

|,2, and 3. rc4{s and rnonle nt.s) in cach elcntenl. 5. thc shcar fi 6b{iagrarn for each elctltent. r)ronft\t diagrant for each elctltcttt. 6. tlre
3. thc rcatt.ior)s at noy'Cs

4. the forcc.s

t<-r*+t<t-+t
Fig. 7,15. lJeitrrt rvitlr'l\v<l []lentcnts ftlr Prol,rlern 7.1

probtenl

.dO

1.5

CorrsitJcr thc bcarn shorvn in Figurc 1.16. Do not put a nocle ilt tlre location of the conccntratcd loacl but usc the rnctlrorl ol'crluir,illcrtt noclitl forces for both thc cli.stributccl loacl lrnd tlre conccntratcd lond. Givcn Ii _ 2IA CI)a, and I ._ 50 x
lcrrrcrrt 2

Fig'

13.

Ilcnding Mclnrcrrt Diirgranr l,

10-o nl'l, clctcrtttittc:

l.
Bt,, r,lleeentHomentDiagrarn (f 3, L3
0ending Monrorl

tlrc glolxrl .stil'frrc.ss tlt;ttrix Ior tlrc .stl'ttcttlt'c.

2. tlrc rotatiorts at ltotlcs 2, 3 and 4. 3. tlrc rcactiort.s ltt ttotlcs | , 2,3, ltrrd 4.

l.

tlrc lirrcc.s (slrc;rrs lncl nl()rllcrrt.s) in citch clctttcttt.

5. tltc sltc'itt' lttrcc tliltgrnltt lilr crrclt clctttcttt. 6. tlrc bcnding nlotttcttt ditgrirlrr for clclt clctltcttt.
l0k N/nt lOk N

l<-

^---+i Jnt
k6:@
l0
(i

23

Jlll

lltl

i..-

llll

Itig. 7.16. [Jcitrtt rvith Distribtrtcd l.tlld frrr I'rolrlcrlr 7.2

Problent

( lorr.sitir.r'llrt: llr:rrrrr

,10>:

rvitlr lr sllr irr11 t'le:nlcnt_;ts sllott'rr ilr I;igttt'c: nl'l ,ltl(t /,: , 50()()kNlrtt,tlelt't'tttittt':

I, lhc globrrl slil'lhcss nrlrtri.r [or tltc.stt'ttcttttc.

132

Thc fJcant Elerttcttt

4. t5c forcc.s (sllcars ancl nlonrcnts) in cach bcatn clclttcttl. 5. thc forcc itt thc spring clcntcttt. 6. tlrc shear force clingrartt fot' cach l:eattt eletttcttt. 7. the bcnclirrg nlonlcnt diirgrnrrt lor caclt bcattt clcntcttt.

The Plane Frame Elefll'"

0kN

E,I

4'A

ffi#{

n"t \a* L
[El

ol

8.1

Eiasic Equatiqns
cntcttt rvirh both local antl trlrrs ol'clirsticiLy D, nlotncn[ ,,/tt rllltrtc lrittttc eletltent lras two /ntcrclockrvise l'rom the positivc ,0 itncl $ * sirr 0. In this case the .:rtr.i.x incl rrrli ng uxial clc[ortttirtiott
'

7.3 ,Itig. 7.17. Bcattr rvitlr n Spring for I''t'oblc'rtr

'l-ltc 1ll^nc ft'atnc .,N rt is e trvo- clintcnsirt' global coortlittlttes. 'fhe ){anc ft'rtln e cletttctr oI irtcrtia /, cross-sccticlttr:ilritrcit .ll, anrl lcrtgti: tttc:,r:,!rnoclcs and is i nc I i nccl rv ittl, ,\ra,rglc 0 glotral X nxis ns .sltorvtt iin [:ig\1rc E . l. I-t:t Q =' i gi'','.tt\Y tlrrr lilll,r'.'. clctt'tcttt. sti l'lllcss tttlttrix is
.

(se,: rcflcrcrtccs 1..=.

IlJlrntl

til)

Ar;') .f-

r2l , * .5 -y2

("

_1)" ,.,
)

(^

-;i)"
----c"
L

--s L
6T *C

6t

(^-

,,, \lcs _ ,t)

-- ---5'
I I'

, #r'

|,,rr'* 11"')
\v2)
til

L
2T

(i'

-'Fr.

\*t'-o I "**t"rcA1

nr

rlphtr\rl.*

( ,, r'i, - l rtc'1---\l-2

4, f'
f:
\

.-L,

I\ -a-v

-!a.=...*fi
_ _V _'

| 'r,\ -la I\/ r,zl

$I - --5
I.
t"'..a,

l,r---l(:s tr) \ ,ts? + Yg'

y2

t*r \

6I

--s
L

- -c L
4I

0t

6l - *c
t.

L''^ I 'l-\ -l*i| x--r(-_\-___--^ \

(8' l)

*rX

c^-J

ir tlctltt-rus of'l't'e:ctlottt - tltt'cc lti ir,' sillrr ('()rrt,'itli,tlt rtst'tl is llt:li rrrtl t ot:ttiolt\ lll c [)()sitil'e il tlrc't' r,,'i{ll ?t riotlt's. lltc ilotrltl stil'l'ncs" tirrcc clcgl'ccs tl[' l'rc'ctltlttt ilt e ilcli i . .. ! ','ll" 1,. rl'" lt't'\'ll AI:

168

8' The Planc l"rittttc lllctnctt'

C^SU4A

8.2
kN/rn

NIA I'Ln B [:rrttctiutts Llscd

t69

Problems:
P

3v\:1
.l x
-=

20kN

roblem

8.1 :

Consicier[ltcplane[ranresltorvnirrIrigtrre8.2|,GivcnD

l',
K
'

l0-2 m2, and [

x 10-6 tn4, dtttcrtltitte:

,o

I.

7. 3. 4. thc reaction.s at ttotlcs I and 3, 5. the axial force, shear forcc, ancl Llcnrling
7

tlrc glolxtl stil'l'lrcss f ltitlt'ix lirl'tlrc.stt'ttcttlr'(:, thc displncctllctlts ltrttl t'tltittitltt ltt ltotlc 2, the horizontal clisplirccnlcttI atttl rotlttiott itl. tloclc 3, nlortlct'tt in caclt clctttcttt,

l,'i1i. lf .22. l,t:rrrc

^;i-*n---,aii,=-'=t?ffl li'i'rrc rvirlr I)istt'ilrtrtctl l.':ttl lirl' l't'ttlrlt'trr ti'2

Problent 8.3:
Ct,nsiclcr sltorvrt irl Figurc 8 '23" structure corrrposetl ol'a bcanr ancl a spril]g a) -:- i X l0-2 nrz, / : 1 x l0-r', ol4' nncl A: : 5000 kN/m' Givc n I! :70 Gpa, A clctct'ttt iltc:

6- the axial ftlrce diltgritrtr for cltclt elcrtlcllt,

tlc

8.

the shear lorce cliagranr for eaclt eletnent, the bending motl)etrt cliagrarn {'or eaq}t elcttrcnt.

l5kN.tn
*a-a

20kN

.{

2. the displacenrcnts ancJ rotation at nodc l, 3. tltc rcitt:tiotts at ttodcs 2 artt! 3, bcltltt' 4. thc axinl l'orce, shc{rr lrrrcc, nntl bcnding ttrotrtcttt i0 thc 5. tle forcc ip tlr'. spriltg, 6. tltc axi;rl forcc clitgrapl for tlrc [cntt't, 1. tlrc slrear fcll'cc cliagrrttlt fol tlte beltttt, 8. thc lrerttlirlg lltolllcnt tli:rgrattr [ot' tltc Llclttlt"

l.

tlre global stilfncss rtuttrix lclr tlrc strttctttt'e,

ffi
Itig. 8.2L Plane Frutltc with J\vo Illertlcnts for ['roblcrlr 8' l

rtc ltrde it xial deforntation (l Iirrt: Usc a plattc frallle clctttcttt for the belttlt so aS to i to incl tuclc thc anglc of ls so spring lirr'tlrc oldnlcnt cf'l.ccts. Also irsc il plunc. tr.Lrss

-'l lor thc sprirt g using the rlalue inclirrrtion - in this cirsc clctcrurirrc valucs l'or -L'atttl pl' /; giycp upcl

t[c lcngtI

of' tlrc spri']8).

^Vt f\/

Problem 8.2:
Corrsir.lcr thc planc franrc shorvn irr l;igurc 8.22. Givcrr 10-2 fil2o and I - I x 10-5 nt4, ctctertttilte:

ri::

210 cl'it, r\

l:<
I
i

I.,,
1<- 4'--*;l

the globnl stiffrtcss ttt:ttrix [or tlrc stt'ttctttrc, the displncctttcltts lttttl rotlttiolis at tloclcs 2 nntl tltt: r'cltclitltts ltt tttttlr-s I lrrltl 'l
.

I
I

0kN

3,

'

Ll

lr

li.3 I;ig. ti.2l. I'lltttc Ft :rttlc \vitlr it '\Prirrg lirr l'roltlcrrr

tlrc lrxilrl lg;ce. sl)('i1'lir;cc, iltrrlllclrtlirrg lll()lttcttt itt cltclr clcl'llcllt' tltc ltXilrl l'tttet:,liirlil illll lirr cltt'lt t'lcttlr-'ttl, thc shcltt' furcc tlilrgrlttt ['t"rt' cltr-lt clctllcttt,
I

lr,. lr,,r.', li,rn rr\nrllr. nl (li :t rt rit rtt t'tlf CitClt ulct t tCttt.

3. Thc Lincar Bar Elcnrcnt

3.2 NlAl'l"All lrr

ljurrctiorr.q

Lj.sctl

4l

0;0;0;01 ')
-'l | - lr

r .-

-- .--.-

o --- .---. o

1-" /?=---t-_*.7l

1,. lln--t-

2nt.-,--. I lll--,
3.
I

Irig.3.5. -l'lrree-Bar Stnrclurc for Problcrrr

Problent 3.3:
Ctlttsidcr tltc .stntcture conlpo.scd of lr sprips ltrrtl 1 lirrcnr bnr as .shorvrr ip Itrigur.c 3.6. It - 200 GPit, /l :0.01 tn2, /,: : 10()0 kN/rrr, lrnd P == 2i kN, rlcrcrnrine:

Civcn

l.
-004
ttSIT
tB02
't77
i

thc glol.rirl stiffrrcss rrrrrtrix fr.'r thc strtrcturc,

2, thc di.splaccnlcnt at ncld c 2, 3. thc rclrction.s at nodc.s I ancl 3, 4. thc strcss in tlrc bar, 5. the force in the spring.

")
v
I

k* (l
=

4 c3g

r)

v >?-h

1,168

it isc ;lerar tlrnt the requrir N clit.\rl) r 1il,cc nlcnI t' nl. rI tlrrc [r'rce ]cc cn<l is -0.4517x 10-a nr n rn nmr (the nrinus s;ig gn rrl ic cattc.s :.s that i it is dirre( ecttccl to tlre Icft). No calls 'roth he MA'I'LAB lrl 'lile rn( lc c(i i,X ,E \ \lLitne e( n rllar Ietlll c,tnl, rt [:t tlcc.r or I.itteorllnrlile!.tfJ sli nc,:c thc clenrent I( Ib Ot'r .s al lst strr-cssc.s .si s ilr( ilrc Inc O ottrt cqrrirccJ in this cxanrple. i;6(P ostl-processing) r 'ill rvi ril ;T; )1. bc )c:r'f irrrrr red dffor ttlr lr is .s cx:lnr;llc.

iltlT 517

':

Irig. 3.6. I-inc:tr Ilirr rvitlr ;r Sgrring ftrr. I)rrblcrrr

j.l

'?*+u"Froble;,t 3.7 : CoitsirjI ilre .stt'ucttll'c collllttlsctl ol'tlrrcrr irrcrrr lxu's ils slrorvrr irr ltigsr.c 3.5. Ci'crr E - 7{j ' i[:'e, A = 0.00s rn2, ,I)l = lt] kN, i.ur tI lrz: t5 kN, dctcrnrine:
f

Ftt

l.

2, tlrc '1is placetncnls nt noclc.s 2, 3, ilncl rl, 3. the ir';tctiort at lt,ttc I, 4. lhc ..r ; csS in clch blrr"
P

thc i: l'.:tlrrl stillne.ss rrutri.x for tlrc .stnrctur.c,

t/ 4V ,i

i\

\-->'

(rl

roblc

^t.2:
ilrstc;rtl ol' livc. I)etrr.rrrirrt: llrt.
lll\lllt\fll'rr \!rltlF rrtrr'rrr.rrr rr,lrl. rl.

, Solvc l ., rrillc 3.2 nglrirr usirrg tcrr ,* dililtlttUr ', i\f ttl lltr- I'r*rr rrrrrl rrl' llrrr