Rzboiul din Afganistan (1979-1989)

De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liber

(Redirecionat de la Rzboiul Afgano-Sovietic)
Rzboiul Afgano-Sovietic
Parte a Rzboiul din Afganistan (1978-prezent)

Soldat sovietic n Afghanistan
Informaii generale
Perioad
27 decembrie 1979 15 februarie 1989 (9 ani,
50 zile)

Loc Afghanistan

Rezultat
Acordul de la Geneva (1988)
Retragerea trupelor sovietice
Rzboiul civil din Afganistan
continu
[3]


Combatani
URSS
Republica Democratic Afganistan
Mujahedini
Al-Qaida (din 1988)
Harakat-e-Islami
Hezb-i-Islami
Hezbe Wahdat
Hezbollah-e-Afghanistan
Ittehad-i-Islami
Jamiat-e-Islami
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islami (cunoscui azi ca
Taliban)
Maktab al-Khadamat (mpreun cu Al
Qaeda din 1989)
Sprijinite de:
Statele Unite

Pakistan
[4][5][6][7]

Iran
[7]

United Kingdom
[8][9][10]

Conductori
Leonid Brejnev
Iuri Andropov
Konstantin Cernenko
Mihail Gorbaciov
Dmitri Ustinov
Serghei Sokolov
Valentin Varennikov
Igor Rodionov
Boris Gromov
Babrak Karmal
Mohammad Najibullah
Abdul Rashid Dostum
Shahnawaz Tanai
Mohammed Rafie
Osama bin Laden
Ahmad Shah Massoud
Abdul Haq
Abdullah Azzam
Ismail Khan
Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
Jalaluddin Haqqani
Mullah Naqib
Abdul Rahim Wardak

Efective
Trupe sovietice:
115.000
[11]

Trupe guvernamentale afgane:
55,000
[12]

Mujahedini:
200-250.000
[13][14][15][16]


Pierderi
Trupe sovietice:
14.453 mori (total)
[17]

9.530 mori n lupt
[17]

3.386 mori din cauza rnilor
[17]

1.556 mori dezastre/accidente
[17]

53.753 rnii
[17]
311 disprui
Trupe guvernamentale afgane: 18.000 mori
(total)
Mujahedin:
70-90.000 teroriti ucii

Civili (Afgani):
600.000-2.000.000 mori
[1]


5 milioane refugiai
3 milioane rnii
[2]

Civili (sovietici):
Circa 100 mori
modific

Rzboiul Afgano-Sovietic a durat nou ani. Forele afgane implicate au fost Partidul Popular
Democrat din Afganistan, de orientare marxist, susinut de ctre forele sovietice, care au luptat
contra rebelilor islamiti Mujahedini. Rebelii au fost susinui de mai multe ri, printre care i
Statele Unite ale Americii, Arabia Saudit, Pakistan i alte state musulmane, n contextul politic
internaional al Rzboiului Rece.
Desfurarea de trupe militare sovietice a nceput n 25 decembrie 1979. Ultimele trupe sovietice
au fost retrase dinAfganistan ntre 15 mai 1988 i 15 februarie 1989. Datorit costului mare i a
inutilitii politice finale ale acestui conflict militar, rzboiul din Afganistan a fost, deseori,
asemnat cu Rzboiul din Vietnam, americano-vietnamez.
Note
1. ^ Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century
2. ^ Hilali, A. (2005). US-Pakistan relationship: Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Burlington,
VT: Ashgate Publishing Co. (p.198)
3. ^ Borer, Douglas A. (1999). Superpowers defeated: Vietnam and Afghanistan compared.
London: Cass. p. 216. ISBN 0714648515
4. ^ The Pakistan Taliban - Geopolitical Monitor
5. ^ CRG -- Who Is Osama Bin Laden?
6. ^ Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence(ISI) - South Asia Analysis Group
7. ^
a

b
Goodson, P. L. Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics, and the
Rise of .... pp. 147, 165. [1]
8. ^ Charlie Wilson: Congressman whose support for the mujahideen helped force the
Soviet Union out of Afghanistan
9. ^ Interview with Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski (June 13, 1997). Part 2. Episode 17. Good
Guys, Bad Guys. June 13, 1997.
10. ^ Corera, Gordon (2011). MI6: Life and Death in the British Secret Service. London:
Phoenix. ISBN 978-0753828335
11. ^ Nyrop, Richard F.; Donald M. Seekins (1 ianuarie 1986). Afghanistan: A Country
Study. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office. pp. XVIIIXXV
12. ^ http://www.mepc.org/articles-commentary/commentary/lessons-soviet-withdrawal-
afghanistan
13. ^ Al Qa'ida's American Connection | Global-Politics.co.uk
14. ^ The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan - Total War Center Forums
15. ^ Soviet or the USA the strongest...
16. ^ Afghanistan hits Soviet milestone - Army News
17. ^
a

b

c

d

e
http://www.vfw.org/resources/levelxmagazine/0203_Soviet-Afghan%20War.pdf
Bibliografie
Andrew, Christopher & Mitrokhin, Vasili (1999). The Sword and the Shield: The
Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-
465-00310-9
Ayub, Muhammad (2005). An Army, its Role and Rule: A History of the Pakistan Army
from Independence to Kargil 19471999. Pittsburgh: RoseDog Books. ISBN 0-8059-
9594-3
Borovik, Artyom (1990). The Hidden War: A Russian Journalist's Account of the Soviet
War in Afghanistan. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-3775-X
Corera, Gordon (2011). MI6: Life and Death in the British Secret Service. London:
Phoenix. ISBN 978-0753828335
Braithwaite, Rodric (2011). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 197989. New York:
Oxford University Press. p. 417. ISBN 978-0-19-983265-1. OCLC ocn709682862 LCC
DS371.2 .B725 2011
Coll, Steve (2004). Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin
Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN
1-59420-007-6
Crile, George (2003). Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest
Covert Operation in history. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 0-87113-851-
4Format:Dubious
Feifer, Gregory (2009). The Great Gamble: The Soviet war in Afghanistan. New York:
Harper. ISBN 978-0-06-114318-2
Galeotti, Mark (1995). Afghanistan: the Soviet Union's Last War. London: Frank Cass.
ISBN 0-7146-8242-X
Kakar, M. Hassan (1995). Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response,
19791982. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-08591-4 (free online
access courtesy of UCP).
Kaplan, Robert D. (2001) [1990]. Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan
and Pakistan. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 1-4000-3025-0
Lohbeck, Kurt (1993). Holy War, Unholy Victory: Eyewitness to the CIA's Secret War in
Afghanistan. Washington: Regnery Publishing. ISBN 0-89526-499-4
Novinkov, Oleg (2011). Afghan boomerang. Houston, TX: Oleg Novinkov. ISBN 978-1-
4392-7451-4
Prados, John (1996). Presidents' Secret Wars: CIA and Pentagon Covert Operations from
World War II through the Persian Gulf. Chicago: I.R. Dee. ISBN 1-56663-108-4