GEOGRAFIE, METEOROLOGIE

I MEDIU NCONJURTOR

GEOGRAPHY, METEOROLOGY
AND ENVIRONMENT

CUPRINS TABELE

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8

1.9
1.10
1.11

1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15

1.16
1.17
1.18

Pagina
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GEOGRAFIE I ORGANIZARE
ADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL

GEOGRAPHY AND ADMINISTRATIVETERRITORIAL ORGANISATION

Poziia geografic a Romniei ..................................... 10

Lungimea frontierelor Romniei .................................. 11
Principalele altitudini muntoase ................................... 11
Lungimea principalelor cursuri de ap de pe
teritoriul Romniei ....................................................... 13
Principalele lacuri naturale .......................................... 14
Principalele lacuri antropice ........................................ 15
Altitudinea medie a principalelor orae din Romnia .. 16
Organizarea administrativ a teritoriului Romniei,
la 31 decembrie 2011 ................................................. 17

Geographical position of Romania

Length of Romanias borders
Major mountain peaks

METEOROLOGIE

METEOROLOGY

Temperatura aerului (media lunar i anual) ............ 18

Temperatura aerului (maxima absolut i
minima absolut lunar i anual) .............................. 20
Precipitaii atmosferice (cantitatea lunar i anual) .. 28

Air temperature (monthly and yearly average)

Air temperature (monthly and yearly absolute
maximum and absolute minimum)
Precipitations (monthly and yearly quantity)

MEDIU NCONJURTOR

ENVIRONMENT

Resurse naturale
Ariile protejate, n anul 2011 ........................................ 30
Rezervaii ale biosferei, n anul 2011 .......................... 30
Parcurile naionale i parcurile naturale,
n anul 2011 ................................................................ 31
Resursele de ap asigurate, potrivit
gradului de amenajare, n anul 2011 .......................... 32
Calitatea factorilor de mediu
Calitatea apelor de suprafa, n anul 2011 ................. 32
Msuri de protecie a mediului
Investiii pentru protecia mediului, n anul 2011 ......... 33
Cheltuieli curente interne pentru protecia mediului,
n anul 2011 ................................................................ 34

Natural resources
Protected areas, in 2011
Biosphere reservations, in 2011
National and natural parks,
in 2011
Water resources assured, according to the
arrangement level, in 2011
Environment factors quality
Superficial water quality, in 2011
Environment protection measures
Investments for environment protection, in 2011
Internal current expenditure for environment
protection, in 2011

SURSA DATELOR

TABLES CONTENTS

Cercetri statistice:
Cercetarea statistic privind cheltuielile pentru
protecia mediului, completat de operatori
economici i unitile administraiei publice.

Length of major rivers on Romanian territory

Major natural lakes
Major anthropic lakes
Average height of major towns in Romania
Administrative organisation of Romanian territory,
on December 31, 2011

DATA SOURCE

Statistical surveys:
Statistical survey on environment protection
expenditure, filled in by economic operators and
public administration units.

Surse administrative:
Institutul de Geografie Bucureti;
Inspectoratul General al Poliiei de Frontier din
cadrul Ministerului Administraiei i Internelor;
Administraia Naional de Meteorologie;
Ministerul Mediului i Pdurilor;
Ministerul Finanelor Publice;
Agenia Naional pentru Protecia Mediului;
Regia Naional a Pdurilor;
Administraia Naional Apele Romne.

GEOGRAFIE I ORGANIZARE
ADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL
Prezentare
Romnia este situat n centrul geografic al Europei
(sud-estul Europei Centrale), la nord de Peninsula
Balcanic, la jumtatea distanei dintre Coasta
Atlanticului i Munii Ural, n interiorul i exteriorul arcului
Munilor Carpai, pe cursul inferior al Dunrii (1075 km)
i cu ieire la Marea Neagr.
De altfel, paralela 45N cu meridianul 25E se
intersecteaz n apropiere de centrul geometric al rii, la
100 km N-V de capitala rii, Bucureti.
Cu o suprafa de 238391 km2, Romnia este
a 12-a ar ca mrime a Europei.
Ieirea la mare nlesnete legturile cu rile din
bazinul Mrii Negre, bazinul Mrii Mediterane i, prin
intermediul acesteia, cu restul lumii.
Litoralul romnesc al Mrii Negre se desfoar pe
245 km, ntre grla Musura (grania cu Ucraina) i
localitatea Vama Veche (grania cu Bulgaria).
Relieful Romniei se compune din trei trepte
majore: cea nalt a Munilor Carpai (cel mai nalt vrf
Moldoveanu 2544 m), cea medie care corespunde
Subcarpailor, dealurilor i podiurilor i cea joas, a
cmpiilor, luncilor i Deltei Dunrii. Delta Dunrii, cea
mai tnr unitate de relief, n continu formare, are
altitudinea medie de 0,52 m.
Caracteristicile principale ale unitilor de relief sunt
proporionalitatea (31% muni, 36% dealuri i podiuri,
33% cmpii i lunci) i dispunerea concentric a treptelor
majore ale reliefului.
Clima Romniei este temperat-continental de
tranziie, cu influene oceanice dinspre vest,
mediteraneene dinspre sud-vest i continental-excesive
din est. Temperatura medie multianual este difereniat
latitudinal, respectiv 8C n nord i peste 11C n sud, i
altitudinal, cu valori de -2,5C n etajul montan
(Vrfu Omu - masivul Bucegi) i 11,6C n cmpie
(oraul Zimnicea - judeul Teleorman).
Precipitaiile anuale scad n intensitate de la vest la
est, respectiv de la peste 600 mm la mai puin de 500 mm

Administrative sources:
Institute of Geography Bucharest;
General Inspectorate of Border Police within the
Ministry of Administration and Interior;
National Administration of Meteorology;
Ministry of Environment and Forests;
Ministry of Public Finances;
National Agency for Environment Protection;
National Company of Forests;
National Administration Romanian Waters.

GEOGRAPHY AND ADMINISTRATIVETERRITORIAL ORGANISATION

Description
Romania is situated in the geographical centre of
Europe (south-east of Central Europe) at the north of the
Balkan Peninsula, at half the distance between Atlantic
Coast and The Urals, inside and outside the Carpathians
Arch, on the Danube lower course (1075 km) and has
exit to the Black Sea.
Otherwise, the 45N parallel with the 25E meridian
intersects near the geometrical centre of the country,
100 km N-V of the country capital, Bucharest.
Romania is the twelfth country of Europe, having an
area of 238391 km2.
The exit to the sea enables the connections with the
countries in the Black Sea basin, in the Mediterranean
Sea basin and, by means of this, rest of the world.
Romanian seaside of the Black Sea is lying on
245 km, between Musura stream (at the border with Ukraine)
and Vama Veche locality (at the border with Bulgaria).
Romania's relief consists of three major levels: the
highest one in the Carpathians (the highest peak
Moldoveanu 2544 m), the middle one which corresponds
to the Sub-Carpathians, to the hills and to the plateaus
and the lowest one in plains, meadows and Danube
Delta. The Danube Delta, the youngest relief unit under
permanent formation, has the average height of 0.52 m.
Main features of relief units are proportionality
(31% mountains, 36% hills and plateaus, 33% plains and
meadows) and concentric display of the relief major
levels.
Romanias climate is temperate-continental of
transition, with oceanic influences from the West,
Mediterranean ones from South-West and continentalexcessive ones from the East. Multiannual average
temperature is latitudinally different, 8C in the North and
over 11C in the South, and altitudinally, with values of
-2.5C in the mountain floor (Omu peak - Bucegi massif)
and 11.6C in the plain (Zimnicea town - Teleorman county).
Yearly precipitations decrease in intensity from west
to east, from over 600 mm to less 500 mm in the East

n Cmpia Romn de Est, sub 450 mm n Dobrogea i

circa 350 mm pe litoral, pentru ca n regiunile muntoase
s ajung la 1000-1500 mm.
Apele curgtoare ale Romniei sunt dispuse radial,
marea majoritate avnd izvoarele n Carpai. Principalul
colector al acestora este fluviul Dunrea, care strbate
ara n partea sudic pe o lungime de 1075 km i se
vars n Marea Neagr.
Lacurile sunt reprezentate prin lacuri naturale
(numeroase tipuri genetice) rspndite n toate unitile
majore de relief, de la cele glaciare n etajul alpin (Lacul
Mioarelor - Fgra la 2282 m) la limanele
fluvio-maritime (Lacul Techirghiol la 1,5 m) i prin lacuri
antropice, de asemenea n toate unitile de relief.
Vegetaia este condiionat de relief i de
elementele pedo-climatice, ntlnindu-se o dispunere
etajat a acesteia. Regiunile montane sunt acoperite de
pduri de conifere (ndeosebi molid), pduri de amestec
(fag, brad i molid) i pduri de fag. Pe culmile mai nalte
se afl pajiti alpine i tufriuri de jneapn, ienupr,
afin, merior i altele.
n regiunile de deal i de podi se ntlnesc pduri
de foioase n care predomin fagul, gorunul sau stejarul;
pe dealurile joase i cmpiile nalte, adesea, principalele
specii care alctuiesc pdurile sunt cerul i grnia.
Vegetaia de step i de silvostep, care ocupa ariile
cu deficit de umiditate din Podiul Dobrogei, Cmpia
Romn, Podiul Moldovei, Cmpia Banatului i
Crianei, a fost, n cea mai mare parte, nlocuit prin
culturi agricole.
Fauna Romniei este grupat pe areale difereniate
n funcie de biotopul fiecrei specii. n etajul alpin apar
elemente relicte precum capra neagr i vulturul de
munte. n pdurile carpatine triesc diferite mamifere:
urs, cerb, rs, lup, mistre, cprior, veveri i un numr
mare de specii de psri. n cteva regiuni muntoase se
mai pstreaz cocoul de munte i cocoul de
mesteacn; n regiunile de deal i cmpie sunt
rspndite: iepurele, crtia, ariciul, diferite psri,
oprle, batracieni .a.; pentru zonele de step sunt
caracteristice roztoarele (popndul i hrciogul).
Fauna acvatic este reprezentat ndeosebi prin pstrv
n apele de munte (lostria, mai rspndit n trecut, a
devenit destul de rar); clean i mrean n regiunile de
deal; crap, biban, tiuc, somn, caras n cele de cmpie
i Delta Dunrii; n apele marine teritoriale i pe Dunrea
inferioar se ntlnesc i specii de sturioni.
Resursele minerale utile ale Romniei sunt variate.
Printre principalele resurse minerale utile pot fi
menionate: petrolul, cu vechi tradiii de exploatare;
gazele naturale; crbunii, n special huila cocsificabil,
crbunele brun i lignitul; minereuri feroase i neferoase,
zcminte de aur, argint i de bauxit; rezerve mari de

Romanian Plain, under 450 mm in Dobrogea and about

350 mm by seaside, in the mountainous areas they
reach 1000-1500 mm.
Romanian running waters are radially displayed,
most of them having the springs in the Carpathians. Their
main collector is the Danube river, which crosses the
country in the south on 1075 km length and flows into the
Black Sea.
The lakes are represented by natural lakes
(numerous genetic types) spread in all major units of
relief, from glacial ones in the alpine floor (Mioarelor
Lake - Fgra 2282 m) to river-maritime banks
(Techirghiol Lake at 1.5 m) and anthropic lakes, as well
in all relief units.
The vegetation is determined by the relief and by
pedo-climatic elements, being displayed in floors.
Mountainous regions are covered by coniferous forests
(especially spruce fir), mixture forests (beech, fir-tree,
spruce fir) and beech forests. Higher peaks are covered
by alpine lawns and bushes of dwarf pine, juniper,
bilberry, red bilberry a.s.o.
In the hills and plateaus regions there are broadleaved forests, prevailing beech, common oak or durmast
oak; the main forest species often met on low hills and
high plains are Quercus cerris and Quercus frainetto.
The steppe and silvosteppe vegetation, which
covered the areas of low humidity in Dobrogea Plateau,
Romanian Plain, Moldova Plateau, Banat and Criana
Plain has been mostly replaced by agricultural crops.
Romania's fauna is grouped by different areals
according to each species biotype. Relict elements as
black goat (chamois) and mountain vulture live in the
alpine area. In the Carpathian forests live various
animals: bear, buck, lynx, wolf, wild boar, roebuck,
squirrel and several species of birds. In a few
mountainous areas both mountain cock and birch cock
are still met. In the hill and field areas there are hares,
moles, hedgehogs, various birds, lizards, batrachia
a.s.o.; rodent animals as gopher and hamster are
characteristic for the steppe areas. Water fauna is
represented especially by trout in the mountainous
waters (huck which was mostly spread in the past has
become quite rare); dace and barbel in the hill region;
carp, perch, pike, sheat fish, crucian in the field region
and Danube Delta; sturgeon species are also met in the
marine territorial waters and on the downstream Danube.
Romania's useful minerals resources are various.
Among the main useful minerals resources we can
mention: crude oil, with old exploitation traditions; natural
gas; coal, especially coking pitcoal, brown coal and
lignite; ferrous and non-ferrous ores, gold, silver and
bauxite ore deposits; vast reserves of salt as well as

sare, precum i o serie de resurse nemetalifere.

O categorie aparte a bogiilor de subsol o constituie
cele peste 2000 de izvoare de ape minerale, cu valene
pentru consum i tratamente medicale.
Teritoriul Romniei este mprit din punct de
vedere administrativ n: sate, comune, orae, municipii
i judee.
Conform Legii privind stabilirea nomenclatorului
unitilor teritoriale statistice din Romnia s-au constituit
patru macroregiuni (n concordan cu prevederile
Legii nr. 315/2004 privind dezvoltarea regional n
Romnia i armonizarea cu cerinele Regulamentului
CE nr. 1059/2003 al Parlamentului i al Consiliului
European privind stabilirea unui nomenclator comun al
unitilor teritoriale de statistic NUTS, publicat n
Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene nr. L 154/2003.
Macroregiunile nu sunt uniti administrativ-teritoriale
i nu au personalitate juridic; sunt constituite pentru a
asigura colectarea, elaborarea i difuzarea statisticilor
regionale armonizate la nivelul Uniunii Europene.
Ca uniti teritoriale (non-administrative) au fost
create 8 regiuni de dezvoltare, constituite prin reuniunea
mai multor judee.
Judeul reprezint unitatea administrativ-teritorial
tradiional n Romnia, alctuit din orae i comune, n
funcie de condiiile geografice, economice, socialpolitice i de legturile culturale i tradiionale ale
populaiei. Teritoriul Romniei este organizat n 42 de
judee (inclusiv Municipiul Bucureti).
Municipiul este un ora cu un rol economic, social,
politic i cultural nsemnat avnd, de regul, funcie
administrativ.
Oraul reprezint o concentrare uman cu o funcie
administrativ i un mod de via specific ariilor urbane
i o structur profesional a populaiei n care predomin
cea ocupat n ramurile neagricole.
Comuna este unitatea administrativ-teritorial care
cuprinde populaia rural unit prin comunitate de
interese i tradiii, fiind alctuit din unul sau mai multe
sate (din care unul este reedin de comun).
Satul este cea mai mic unitate teritorial, avnd
caracteristicile aezrilor de tip rural.
Oraele principale: Bucureti, Timioara, Iai,
Cluj-Napoca, Constana, Craiova, Galai, Braov,
Ploieti, Brila, Oradea, Bacu, Piteti, Arad, Sibiu.
Porturile principale:
la Marea Neagr: Constana, Mangalia;
la Dunre: Moldova Nou, Orova, Drobeta-Turnu
Severin, Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele, Zimnicea,
Giurgiu, Oltenia, Clrai, Cernavod, Hrova,
Mcin, Brila, Galai, Tulcea, Sulina.

numerous non-metalliferrous resources. A special category

of subsoil riches is constituted by over 2000 mineral
water springs, with consumption and medical treatments
valences.
Romanian territory is divided from administrative
viewpoint into: villages, communes, towns, municipalities
and counties.
According to the Law on setting up the nomenclature
of statistical territorial units in Romania, four
macroregions were constituted (according to the Law
no. 315/2004 on regional development in Romania and
harmonisation to the requirements of the EC Regulation
no. 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the
Council regarding the setting up of a common
nomenclature of statistical territorial units NUTS,
published in Official Journal of European Union
no. L 154/2003.
Macroregions are not administrative territorial units
and have no legal entity, they are constituted to assure
the collection, compilation and transmission of
harmonised regional statistics at European Union level.
As territorial (non-administrative) units, 8 regions of
development were created, gathering several counties.
County represents traditional administrativeterritorial unit in Romania, including towns and
communes, depending on geographical, economical and
social-political conditions and population cultural and
traditional relations. Romanian territory is organized into
42 counties (including Bucharest Municipality).
Municipality is a town, with an important economic,
social, political and cultural role, usually having
administrative function.
Town represents a human concentration with
administrative function and a life specific to urban areas
and with a population professional structure where the
population employed in non-agricultural branches prevails.
Commune is a territorial-administrative unit which
comprises rural population united by interest and
traditional community, including one or several villages
(from which one is commune residence).
Village is the smallest territorial unit, having
characteristics of rural settlements.
Main cities: Bucharest, Timioara, Iai, Cluj-Napoca,
Constana, Craiova, Galai, Braov, Ploieti, Brila,
Oradea, Bacu, Piteti, Arad, Sibiu.
Main harbours:
at the Black Sea: Constana, Mangalia;
at the Danube: Moldova Nou, Orova, Drobeta-Turnu
Severin, Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele,
Zimnicea, Giurgiu, Oltenia, Clrai, Cernavod,
Hrova, Mcin, Brila, Galai, Tulcea, Sulina.

Aeroporturile principale: Bucureti (Henri Coand Otopeni i Aurel Vlaicu - Bneasa), Constana (Mihail
Koglniceanu), Timioara (Traian Vuia), Cluj-Napoca,
Iai, Craiova, Arad, Bacu, Baia Mare, Oradea, Satu Mare,
Sibiu, Suceava, Trgu Mure, Tulcea.
Capitala: Municipiul Bucureti (1919352 locuitori,
la 1 iulie 2011 - date provizorii ce urmeaz a fi rectificate
dup publicarea rezultatelor finale ale Recensmntului
Populaiei i Locuinelor - 2011), mprit n ase
sectoare administrative. Prima menionare documentar
dateaz din 20.IX.1459, ca reedin a lui Vlad epe.
Capital a rii Romneti ncepnd din a doua jumtate
a secolului al XVII-lea i Capitala Romniei, din anul
1862, municipiul Bucureti este cel mai important centru
politic, economic i cultural-tiinific al rii.
Limba oficial: limba romn.
Drapelul Romniei este tricolor; culorile sunt
aezate vertical n ordinea urmtoare, ncepnd de la
lance: albastru, galben, rou.
Ziua naional a Romniei: 1 Decembrie.
Imnul naional al Romniei este Deteapt-te
romne.
Forma de guvernmnt a Romniei este republica:
Republic, conform Constituiei adoptate n 1991 i
modificat n 2003;
Puterea legislativ este reprezentat de un
parlament bicameral (Camera Deputailor i
Senatul), iar puterea executiv este exercitat de
Guvern, condus de un prim-ministru desemnat de
preedintele rii;
Preedintele rii este ales n baza rezultatelor
alegerilor generale prin scrutin universal pentru un
mandat de 5 ani.
Moneda naional: Leu, cu subdiviziunea ban.
Cursul monedei naionale este stabilit zilnic pe piaa
valutar interbancar, moneda de referin fiind euro.

Main airports: Bucharest (Henri Coand Otopeni and Aurel Vlaicu - Bneasa), Constana
(Mihail Koglniceanu), Timioara (Traian Vuia),
Cluj-Napoca, Iai, Craiova, Arad, Bacu, Baia Mare,
Oradea, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Trgu Mure, Tulcea.
The capital: Bucharest Municipality (1919352
inhabitants on July 1, 2011 - provisional data to be
rectified after the publication of final results of 2011,
Population and Housing Census), organised into six
administrative sectors. The first documentary mention
was on 20.IX.1459, as residence of Vlad epe. Capital
of ara Romneasc since the second half of the XVIIth
century and Capital of Romania since 1862, Bucharest
Municipality is the most important political, economic and
cultural-scientific center of the country.
Official language: Romanian.
Flag of Romania: is three - coloured; the colours
are placed vertically in the following order from the
lance: blue, yellow, red.
National day of Romania: December, 1.
National anthem of Romania is Wake up,
Romanian.
Government form in Romania is the republic:
Republic, according to the Constitution adopted in
1991 and modified in 2003;
Legislative power is represented by two chamber
Parliament (Chamber of Deputies and Senate), and
executive power is carried out by Government led
by Prime Minister appointed by the countrys
President;
President of the country is elected based on
general elections results by universal vote for a
5 years mandate.
National currency: Leu, with ban as subdivision.
The exchange rate is set on the interbank currency
market on a daily basis, reference currency being euro.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

METEOROLOGIE

METEOROLOGY

Cercetarea proceselor i fenomenelor fizice din

atmosfera terestr, care determin starea timpului i
clima, are la baz msurtorile i observaiile
meteorologice ce se efectueaz permanent sau periodic
n diferite puncte de pe suprafaa globului terestru i la
diferite nlimi n atmosfera liber. Programul unitar al
msurtorilor i observaiilor, precum i alte activiti
meteorologice
se
asigur
prin
colaborare
internaional, n cadrul Administraiei Naionale de
Meteorologie, cu Organizaia Meteorologic Mondial.
Staia meteorologic reprezint punctul de pe
suprafaa terestr unde se efectueaz observaii i

The research on physical processes and phenomena

in the terrestrial atmosphere, which determine the weather
and the climate, relies on the meteorological measurements
and observations, permanently or periodically carried out in
different points on the terrestrial globe surface and at
various altitudes in the free atmosphere. The unitary
programme of measurements and observations, as well as
other meteorological activities are assured by international
co-operation within National Administration of Meteorology,
with the World Meteorology Organisation.
The meteorological station represents the point
from the terrestrial surface, where measurements and

msurtori asupra tuturor elementelor i fenomenelor

meteorologice, conform programului stabilit. Majoritatea
observaiilor,
msurtorilor
i
determinrilor
meteorologice de la staii se efectueaz pe platforma
meteorologic situat pe un teren deschis, tipic pentru
regiunea respectiv, cu dimensionarea standard de
26 m x 26 m.
Pentru cercetarea proceselor i fenomenelor
atmosferice i pentru calculul diferiilor parametri
meteorologici i climatici, este necesar raportarea
observaiilor i msurtorilor, care se realizeaz att n
spaiu, ct i n timp.
Programul climatologic reprezint complexul
observaiilor i msurtorilor meteorologice ce se
execut la staii, dup timpul solar mediu local, att la
termenele fixe, ct i continuu n 24 de ore. Permanent,
la termenele climatologice (1, 7, 13, 19 timp solar mediu
local) se efectueaz observaii i msurtori asupra:
presiunii atmosferice, vntului, temperaturii i umezelii
aerului, temperaturii suprafeei solului, nebulozitii,
precipitaiilor, vizibilitii orizontale. Continuu, n tot cursul
zilei i nopii se determin caracteristicile tuturor
fenomenelor meteorologice (hidrometeori, litometeori,
electrometeori etc.).
Observaiile asupra temperaturii aerului constau
n msurarea temperaturii aerului la termenele stabilite i
n determinarea valorilor maxime i minime ale acesteia
n intervalele de timp dintre aceste termene.
Temperatura aerului se msoar cu instrumente cu
citire direct, psihrometrul cu ventilaie artificial,
termometrul de maxim cu mercur i termometrul de
minim cu alcool i cu aparate nregistratoare
(termografe). Pentru ca instrumentele cu care se
msoar temperatura i umezeala aerului s nu fie
influenate direct de radiaia solar, de radiaia terestr,
de precipitaii i de rafalele vntului, ele se instaleaz n
adpostul meteorologic situat la 2 m nlime deasupra
solului.
Msurarea cantitilor de ap ce provin din
precipitaii atmosferice sau care se depun din ali
hidrometeori se efectueaz cu ajutorul pluviometrului, iar
nregistrarea continu a precipitaiilor (lichide) se face cu
pluviograful. Cantitile de ap se msoar zilnic la
termenele climatologice (1, 7, 13, 19) i se exprim prin
grosimea stratului de ap czut, n mm (1mm=1l / m2).

observations on all meteorological elements and

phenomena are carried out in keeping with the
programme. Most of meteorological observations,
measurements and determinations from the stations are
performed on the meteorological area situated on an
open land, typical for the respective region, with the
standard dimension of 26 m x 26 m.
In order to observe the atmospheric processes and
phenomena and to compute various meteorological and
climatic parameters, it is necessary to report
observations and measurements, carried out both in
space and over time.
The climatic programme represents the complex of
meteorological observations and measurements
performed at stations, according to the local average solar
time, both at fixed deadlines and continuously during
24 hours. Permanently, at the climatic deadlines (1, 7, 13,
19 local average solar time), the observations and
measurements are done for: atmospheric pressure, wind,
air temperature and humidity, ground surface temperature,
cloudiness,
precipitations,
horizontal
visibility.
Continuously, during all day and night, the characteristics
of all meteorological phenomena (hydrometeors,
litometeors, electrometeors a.s.o.) are determined.
Air temperature observations consist of air
temperature measurement at the observation deadlines
and of determining its maximum and minimum values,
during the intervals between the climatic observation
deadlines.
Air temperature is measured with direct reading
instruments, the psychrometer with artificial ventilation,
the thermometer of maximum with mercury and the
thermometer of minimum with alcohol and with recording
apparatus (thermographs). In view to ensure that the
instruments for measuring air temperature and humidity
are not directly influenced by the solar, terrestrial
radiation, by precipitations and by wind gusts, they
should be placed in the meteorological shelter situated at
2 meters high above the ground.
The measurement of water quantities coming
from atmospheric precipitations or deposited by other
hydrometeors is carried out by means of pluviometer and
the continuous recording of precipitations (liquids) is
performed with the pluviograph. Water quantities are
daily measured at climatic deadlines (1, 7, 13, 19) and
they are expressed by the thickness of the fallen water
layer, in mm (1mm=1l / m 2).

MEDIU NCONJURTOR

ENVIRONMENT

Resursele de ap reprezint potenialul hidrologic

format din apele de suprafa i subterane n regim
natural i amenajat, inventariate la nceputul anului, din
care se asigur alimentarea diverselor folosine.

Water resources represent the hydrological

potential consisting of the superficial and underground
waters, under natural and arranged conditions, registered
at the beginning of the year, of which the utilities are fed.

Ariile naturale protejate, conform O.U.G.

nr. 57/2007, reprezint zone terestre, acvatice i/sau
subterane, cu perimetrul legal stabilit i avnd un regim
special de ocrotire i conservare, n care exist specii de
plante i animale slbatice, elemente i formaiuni
biogeografice sau de alt natur, cu valoare ecologic,
tiinific sau cultural deosebit i cuprind:
rezervaii ale biosferei - arii naturale protejate al
cror scop este protecia i conservarea unor zone
de habitat natural i a diversitii biologice specifice;
parcuri naionale - arii naturale protejate al cror
scop este protecia i conservarea unor eantioane
reprezentative pentru spaiul biogeografic naional;
parcuri naturale - arii naturale protejate al cror
scop este protecia i conservarea unor ansambluri
peisagistice n care interaciunea activitilor umane
cu natura de-a lungul timpului a creat o zon
distinct, cu valoare semnificativ peisagistic i/sau
cultural, deseori cu o mare diversitate biologic;
rezervaii tiinifice - arii naturale protejate al cror
scop este protecia i conservarea unor habitate
naturale terestre i/sau acvatice, cuprinznd
elemente reprezentative de interes tiinific;
rezervaii naturale - arii naturale protejate al cror
scop este protecia i conservarea unor habitate i
specii naturale importante sub aspect floristic,
faunistic, forestier, hidrologic, geologic, speologic,
paleontologic, pedologic;
monumente ale naturii - arii naturale protejate al
cror scop este protecia i conservarea unor
elemente naturale cu valoare i semnificaie
ecologic, tiinific, peisagistic deosebite;
zone umede de importan internaional sunt
acele arii naturale protejate al cror scop este
asigurarea proteciei i conservrii siturilor naturale
cu diversitate biologic specific zonelor umede;
arii de protecie special avifaunistic sunt acele arii
naturale protejate ale cror scopuri sunt conservarea,
meninerea, i acolo unde este cazul, readucerea
ntr-o stare de conservare favorabil a speciilor de
psri i a habitatelor specifice, desemnate pentru
protecia speciilor de psri migratoare slbatice;
situri de importan comunitar reprezint acele arii
care, n regiunile biogeografice n care exist,
contribuie semnificativ la meninerea sau restaurarea la
o stare de conservare favorabil a habitatelor naturale.
Evaluarea calitii apelor de suprafa const n
monitorizarea parametrilor biologici hidromorfologici,
fizico-chimici, a poluanilor prioritari sau a altor poluani
evacuai n cantiti importante.

Natural protected areas, according to G.P.O.

no. 57/2007, represents terrestrial, aquatic and/or
underground areas, with legally settled perimeter and
with a special protection and preservation regime, where
wild plants and animal species, bio-geographic elements
and formations or of other nature, with special ecological,
scientific or cultural value exist and include:
reservations of biosphere - protected natural areas
whose purpose is the protection and preservation of a
natural habitat areas and of specific biologic diversity;
national parks - natural protected areas whose
purpose is the protection and preservation of
representative samples for the national bio-geographic
space;
natural parks - natural protected areas whose
purpose is the protection and preservation of
landscape piles in which human activities
interactions in time created a distinct area, with
landscape and/or cultural significant value, often
with a great biological diversity;
scientific reservations - natural protected areas
whose purpose is the protection and preservation of
terrestrial and/or aquatic natural habitats, including
representative elements of scientific interest;
natural reservations - natural protected areas
whose purpose is the protection and preservation of
important natural habitats and species from flora,
fauna, forestry, hydrological, geological, speological,
paleontological, pedological point of view;
natural monuments - natural protected areas
whose purpose is the protection and preservation of
natural elements and of ecological, scientific,
landscape special significance;
wetlands of international importance are those
protected natural areas whose purpose is to ensure
the protection and preservation of the natural sites
with a wetland-specific biological diversity;
special avifaunistic protection areas are those
protected natural areas whose purpose is the
preservation, maintenance and where necessary
the conservative rehabilitation of the bird species
and specific habitats designated for wild migratory
bird species protection;
sites of community interest reprezent areas
located in biogeographical regions, contributing
significantly to the maintenance or restoration to a
favourable preservation state of the natural habitats.
The evaluation of the superficial waters
quality is carried out by monitoring the biological
hidro - morfological parameters, physico - chemical,
the prioritary pollution agents or other pollution
agents evacuated in important quantities.

Potrivit Legii nr. 310/2004, anexa 11, se disting

5 clase de calitate, definite astfel:
clasa de calitate I - stare foarte bun - nu exist
alterri (sau sunt foarte mici) ale valorilor
elementelor fizico-chimice i hidromorfologice de
calitate pentru tipul de corpuri de ap de suprafa
fa de cele asociate n mod normal cu acel tip n
condiii nemodificate;
clasa de calitate II - stare bun - valorile
elementelor biologice de calitate pentru tipul de corp
de ap de suprafa prezint nivele sczute de
schimbare datorit activitilor umane, dar deviaz
uor fa de acele valori normale asociate cu tipul de
corpuri de ap de suprafa n condiii nemodificate;
clasa de calitate III - stare moderat - valorile
elementelor biologice de calitate pentru tipul de corp
de ap de suprafa deviaz moderat fa de acelea
care sunt n mod normal asociate cu tipul de corp de
ap de suprafa n condiii nemodificate. Valorile
prezint semne moderate de perturbare ca urmare a
activitilor umane i sunt esenial perturbate fa de
valorile din condiiile de stare bun;
clasa de calitate IV - slab - prezint dovezi de
alterri majore ale valorilor elementelor biologice de
calitate pentru tipul de corpuri de ape de suprafa i
n care comunitile biologice importante deviaz
semnificativ de la valorile normale asociate cu tipul
de corpuri de ap de suprafa n condiii
nemodificate;
clasa de calitate V - proast - prezint dovezi de
alterri majore ale valorilor elementelor biologice de
calitate pentru tipul de corpuri de ape de suprafa i
n care pri mari din comunitile biologice
importante care sunt n mod normal asociate cu tipul
de corpuri de ap de suprafa n condiii
nemodificate, sunt absente.
Cheltuielile pentru protecia mediului includ
investiiile i cheltuielile curente interne pentru
desfurarea activitilor de supraveghere i protecie a
mediului, i care se refer la prevenirea sau repararea
pagubelor aduse acestuia.
Investiiile pentru protecia mediului includ
cheltuielile efectuate pentru lucrri de construcii, de
instalaii i de montaj, pentru achiziionarea de utilaje,
mijloace de transport, alte cheltuieli destinate crerii de
noi mijloace fixe pentru dezvoltarea, modernizarea,
reconstrucia celor existente, cu scopul de protecie a
mediului. Ele includ, de asemenea, valoarea serviciilor
legate de transferul de proprieti al mijloacelor fixe
existente i al terenurilor (taxe, materiale, comisioane,
cheltuieli de transport de ncrcare - descrcare).
Cheltuieli curente interne pentru protecia mediului
nsumeaz cheltuielile efectuate pentru operarea,
repararea i ntreinerea instalaiilor i utilajelor pentru

According to Law no. 310/2004, annex 11, 5 quality

classes are distinguished, defined as follows:
the first quality class - very good state - no
alterations (or very few) of physico-chemical and
hydro-morfological quality elements value exist for
the type of superficial waters bodies as against
those normally associated with specific type in
unchanged conditions;
the second quality class - good state - biological
quality elements values for superficial water body
type presents low levels of change because of
human activity, but it slightly deviate as against those
normal values associated with superficial water
bodies type in unchanged conditions;
the third quality class - moderate state - biological
quality elements values for superficial water body
type moderately deviates as against those which are
normally associated with superficial water body type
in unchanged conditions. These values presents
moderate perturbation signs because of human
activities and are essentially perturbated as against
the good state conditions values;
the fourth quality class - poor - presents major
alteration proofs of the biological quality elements
values for superficial water bodies type in which
important biological communities significantly
deviates from the normal values associated with
superficial water bodies type in unchanged
conditions;
the fifth quality class - bad - presents major
alteration proofs of the biological quality elements
values for superficials water bodies type and in
which big parts from important biological
communities which are normally associated with
superficial water bodies type in unchanged
conditions are absent.
Environment protection expenditure include
investments and internal current expenditure for carrying
out the activities of environment observation and
protection and refer to environment damages prevention
or repair.
Investments for environment protection include
the expenditure made for construction, installations and
building works, for equipment, transport means
purchasing, other expenditure meant to create new fixed
assets
for
the
development,
modernization,
reconstruction of the already existent ones, having the
purpose of environment protection. They also include the
value of services related to existent fixed assets and land
ownership transfer (taxes, materials, commissions,
loading-unloading transport expenditure).
Current internal expenditure for environment
protection are made of the expenditure for operating,
repairs and maintenance of installations and equipment

protecia mediului de ctre personalul ntreprinderii. Ele

includ salariile i impozitele aferente i cheltuielile
materiale (materii prime, materiale, combustibili, energie,
ap etc.). Cheltuielile curente interne nu includ cheltuielile
pentru achiziionarea de servicii de mediu de la teri.
Categoriile de productori de servicii pentru
protecia mediului sunt:
productorii nespecializai - uniti care execut o
activitate de protecia mediului ca activitate secundar
sau auxiliar la o activitate principal. Activitatea
principal nu este una de protecia mediului. Aceste
uniti se regsesc n sectorul producie (CAEN Rev.2,
diviziunile: 02; 05-35; 41; 42; 43; 49; 50; 51);
productorii specializai - uniti care execut
activiti de protecia mediului ca activitate principal,
conform CAEN Rev.2, diviziunile: 36; 37; 38; 39 i
clasa 4677;
administraia public - toate unitile administraiei
publice locale i centrale a cror producie de
servicii de protecia mediului non-pia este
destinat consumului individual i colectiv
(CAEN Rev.2, clasa 8411).
Activitile specifice de protecia mediului sunt
grupate dup domeniile de mediu, astfel:
prevenirea i combaterea polurii (protecia
aerului, protecia apei, managementul deeurilor,
protecia solului i a apelor subterane);
protecia resurselor naturale i conservarea
biodiversitii (protecia speciilor, arii protejate,
remediere i reconstrucie ecologic, refacerea
mediului acvatic, prevenirea fenomenelor naturale
periculoase);
alte domenii (cercetare-dezvoltare, administrare
general a mediului, reducerea zgomotului i a
vibraiilor, protecia mpotriva radiaiilor, educaie,
instruire, informare).

1.1
Nord
North
Sud
South
Est
East
Vest
West

Poziia geografic a Romniei

Geographical position of Romania
Longitudinea estic1)
Longitude east1)

Latitudinea nordic
Latitude north

Punctul extrem (localitatea)

Extreme point (locality)

Judeul
County

Satul Horoditea
Horoditea village
Oraul Zimnicea
Zimnicea town
Oraul Sulina
Sulina town
Comuna Beba Veche
Beba Veche commune

Botoani

26o4205

48o1506

Teleorman

25o2332

43o3707

Tulcea

29o4124

45o0936

Timi

20o1544

46o0727

1) Dup Greenwich. / According to Greenwich.

10

for environment protection by enterprise staff. They

include salaries and taxes and material expenditure (raw
materials, materials, fuels, energy, water a.s.o.). The
current internal expenditure do not include
environmental services purchased from thirds.
Categories of service producers for environment
protection are:
non-specialised producers - units carrying out an
activity of environment protection as their
secondary or auxiliary activity. Their main activity is
not the environment protection. These units are
found in the sector of production (CANE Rev. 2,
divisions: 02; 05-35; 41; 42; 43; 49; 50; 51);
specialised producers - units carrying out an activity
of environment protection as their main activity,
according to CANE Rev.2, divisions: 36; 37; 38 ; 39
and 4677 class;
public administration - local and central units of
public administration whose non-market production
of environment protection services is meant for
individual and collective consumption (CANE Rev.2,
8411 class).
Specific activities of environment protection are
grouped by environmental domains, as follows:
pollution prevention and reduction (air protection,
water protection, wastes management, soil and
underground waters protection);
natural resources protection and biodiversity
preservation (species protection, protected areas,
ecological remedy and reconstruction, aquatic
environment restoration, prevention of dangerous
natural phenomena);
other
domains
(research-development,
environment general administration, noise and
vibrations reduction, protection against radiation,
education, training, looking for information).

1.2

Lungimea frontierelor Romniei

Length of Romanias borders
km

Lungimea frontierelor / Border length

Total granie
Bulgaria
Republica Moldova
Serbia
Ucraina
Ungaria
Marea Neagr

Total
Total

Terestr
Land

Fluvial
River

Maritim
Sea

3149,9

1085,6

1816,9

247,4

631,3
681,3
546,4
649,4
448,0
193,5

139,1
256,8
273,8
415,9
-

470,0
681,3
289,6
343,9
32,1
-

22,2
31,7
193,5

Total borders
Bulgaria
Republic of Moldova
Serbia
Ukraine
Hungary
Black Sea

Not: Lungimile frontierelor sunt oficializate numai cu Serbia i Ungaria, celelalte frontiere fiind calculate unilateral.
Note: Lengths of borders are official only with Serbia and Hungary, the other borders being unilaterally calculated.

1.3

Principalele altitudini muntoase

Major mountain peaks

Denumirea vrfului muntos

Name of peak

Denumirea masivului muntos

Name of massif

Judeul
County

Altitudinea vrfului (m)

Height (m)

Moldoveanu
Negoiu
Parngu Mare
Peleaga
Omu
Retezat
Iezerul Mare
Ppua
Pietrosu
Gugu
Suru
Ineu
Cindrel
tefleti
La Om (Piscul Baciului)
Godeanu
Cleanu
arcu
Leaota
Vrful lui Ptru
Ursu
Pietrosu
ureanu
Farcu
Ciuca
Toroiaga

Fgra
Fgra
Parng
Retezat
Bucegi
Retezat
Iezer
Iezer
Rodna
Godeanu
Fgra
Rodna
Cindrel
Lotru
Piatra Craiului
Godeanu
arcu
arcu
Leaota
ureanu
Cpna
Climan
ureanu
Maramure
Ciuca
Maramure

Arge
Arge, Braov, Sibiu
Gorj, Hunedoara
Hunedoara
Prahova, Braov, Dmbovia
Hunedoara
Arge
Arge
Maramure
Cara-Severin, Hunedoara
Sibiu, Vlcea
Bistria-Nsud
Sibiu
Sibiu, Vlcea
Braov
Cara-Severin, Gorj
Cara-Severin
Cara-Severin
Dmbovia, Arge
Hunedoara
Vlcea
Suceava, Mure
Hunedoara
Maramure
Braov, Prahova
Maramure

2544
2535
2519
2509
2505
2482
2462
2391
2303
2291
2283
2279
2244
2242
2238
2229
2190
2190
2133
2130
2124
2100
2059
1956
1954
1930

11

1.3

12

Principalele altitudini muntoase - continuare

Major mountain peaks - continued

Denumirea vrfului muntos

Denumirea masivului muntos

Judeul

Name of peak

Name of massif

County

Altitudinea vrfului (m)

Ocolau Mare
Toaca
Straja
Budacu
Giumalu
Cucurbta Mare
ible
Vldeasa
Muntele Mare
Harghita Mdra
Hmau Mare
Pietrosu
Goru
Lcu
Saca
Penteleu
Vlacu Mic
Cozia
Grindu
Raru
Nemira
Lucina
Cucu
Bivolu
Pacani
Vrful lui Stan
Piatra Goznei
Guti
Poienia
Pade
Dmbu
Igni
Ciomatu
Detunata
Svinecea Mare
Leordi

Ceahlu
Ceahlu
Vlcan
Bistria
Raru
Bihor
ible
Vldeasa
Muntele Mare
Harghita
Hma
Bistria
Vrancea
Vrancea
Gurghiu
Penteleu
Munii Cernei
Cozia
Tarcu
Raru
Nemira
Obcina Mestecni
Harghita
Stnioara
Obcina Feredeu
Mehedini
Semenic
Guti
Munii Metaliferi
Poiana Rusc
Trascu
Guti
Bodoc
Munii Metaliferi
Almj
Munii Aninei

Neam
Neam
Gorj, Hunedoara
Neam, Suceava
Suceava
Bihor, Alba
Maramure, Bistria-Nsud
Cluj
Alba, Cluj
Harghita
Harghita, Neam
Suceava
Buzu, Vrancea
Covasna, Vrancea
Mure
Buzu
Cara-Severin
Vlcea
Bacu
Suceava
Bacu
Suceava
Harghita, Covasna
Neam
Suceava
Mehedini
Cara-Severin
Maramure
Alba
Timi, Cara-Severin
Alba
Maramure
Harghita
Alba
Cara-Severin
Cara-Severin

1907
1900
1868
1859
1856
1849
1837
1836
1826
1800
1792
1791
1784
1777
1776
1772
1733
1668
1664
1650
1649
1588
1558
1530
1495
1466
1447
1443
1437
1374
1369
1307
1301
1258
1224
1160

Height (m)

Pleu

Codru Moma

Arad, Bihor

1112

Vrful Cetii

Perani

Braov

1104

Mgura Priei

Mese

Slaj

996

Drocea

Zarand

Arad

836

uuiatu

Mcin

Tulcea

467

1.4

Lungimea principalelor cursuri de ap de pe teritoriul Romniei

Length of major rivers on Romanian territory

Denumirea cursului de ap
River name
Dunre
Mure
Prut
Olt
Siret
Ialomia
Some
Arge
Jiu
Buzu
Dmbovia
Bistria
Jijia
Trnava Mare
Timi
Criul Alb
Vedea
Moldova
Brlad
Trnava Mic
Prahova
Neajlov
Olte
Someul Mic
Suceava
Bega
Arie
Trotu

Lungimea cursului de ap (km)

Length of the river (km)

Suprafaa bazinului (km2)

Basin area (km2)

1075
761
742
615
559
417
376
350
339
302
286
283
275
246
244
234
224
213
207
196
193
186
185
178
173
170
166
162

332501)
27890
10990
24050
42890
10350
15740
12550
10080
5264
2824
7039
5757
6253
5673
4240
5430
4299
7220
2071
3738
3720
2663
3773
2298
2362
3005
4456

1) Fr afluenii care formeaz bazine de ordinul 1. / Excluding the tributaries which form the first degree basins.

13

1.5

Principalele lacuri naturale

Major natural lakes

Denumirea lacului natural

Natural lake name

Bucura
Znoaga Mare
Blea
Clcescu
Sfnta Ana
Zton
Iezerul Ighiu
Vintileasca
Lacul Rou
Bltu
Ianca
Movila Miresii
Lacul Srat-Brila
Oltina
Iezerul Mostitei
Balta Alb
Jirlu
Amara-Buzu
Snagov
Cldruani
Hazarlc
Amara-Ialomia
Taaul
Techirghiol
Mangalia
Tatlageac
Razim
Sinoie
Zmeica
Siutghiol
Brate
Bistre
Suhaia
Lacul Rotund
Dranov
Lacul Rou
Gorgova
Lumina
Merhei
Furtuna
Matia

Judeul
County

Suprafaa (ha)
Area (ha)

Lacuri n circuri glaciare / Lakes of glacial circuses

10,5
9,0
4,7
3,0
Lacuri n cratere vulcanice / Lakes of volcanic crater
Harghita
22,0
Lacuri n depresiuni carstice / Lakes of karstic depressions
Mehedini
20,0
Alba
5,3
Vrancea
4,7
Lacuri de baraj natural / Lakes of natural barrage
Harghita
12,6
Bacu
6,0
Lacuri n crovuri (depresiuni de tasare) / Clasto-karstic lakes
Brila
322,0
Brila
180,0
Brila
39,0
Limane fluviatile / River banks
Constana
2509,0
Clrai
1860,0
Buzu, Brila
1012,0
Brila
890,0
Buzu
600,0
Ilfov
575,0
Ilfov
224,0
Constana
168,0
Ialomia
132,0
Limane fluvio-maritime / River - maritime banks
Constana
2335,0
Constana
1161,0
Constana
261,0
Constana
178,0
Lagune marine / Maritime lagoons
Tulcea
41500,0
Constana
17150,0
Tulcea
5460,0
Constana
1900,0
Lacuri de lunc / River meadow lakes
Galai
2111,0
Dolj
1867,0
Teleorman
1094,0
Tulcea
219,0
Lacuri din Delta Dunrii / Danube Delta lakes
Tulcea
2170,0
Tulcea
1445,0
Tulcea
1377,5
Tulcea
1367,5
Tulcea
1057,5
Tulcea
977,5
Tulcea
652,5
Hunedoara
Hunedoara
Sibiu
Gorj

1) Volum rezultat din lucrrile de amenajare pentru irigaii. / Volume resulted from planning works for irrigations.

14

Volum (mil. m3)

Volume (mill. m3)

0,5
1,0
0,2
0,1
0,6
1,0
0,2
0,1
0,7
0,1
1,6
4,5
0,2
60,0
160,01)
5,1
5,6
3,6
17,3
4,5
0,8
2,6
57,0
41,8
15,7
14,0
909,0
210,7
45,6
88,7
30,0
28,0
18,0
2,0
21,7
21,7
13,8
20,5
15,9
9,8
9,8

1.6

Principalele lacuri antropice

Major anthropic lakes

Denumirea
lacului antropic
Anthropic lake name

Judeul
County

Suprafaa la nivel
normal de retenie (ha)
Area at normal level
of afflux (ha)

Volumul la nivel normal

de retenie (mil. m3)
Volume at normal level
of afflux (mill. m3)

Porile de Fier

Mehedini

70000,01)

2400,0

energie / energy

Ostrovu Mare

Mehedini

7920,0

800,0

energie / energy

Categoria de folosin
Category of use

Stnca-Costeti

Botoani

5900,0

735,0

complex / complex

Izvorul Muntelui-Bicaz

Neam

3100,0

1130,0

energie / energy

Strejeti

Olt

2204,0

202,7

energie / energy

Ipoteti

Olt

1692,0

110,0

energie / energy

Frunzaru

Olt

1280,0

96,0

energie / energy

Izbiceni

Olt

1095,0

74,0

energie / energy

Drgneti

Olt

1080,0

76,0

energie / energy

Mihileti

Ilfov

1013,0

76,3

complex / complex

Vidra

Vlcea

950,0

340,0

energie / energy

Fntnele

Cluj

884,0

212,9

energie / energy

Vidraru

Arge

870,0

469,0

complex / complex

Drcani

Botoani

500,0

6,1

piscicultur / fish breeding

Soleti

Vaslui

452,0

15,8

complex / complex

Oaa

Alba

447,0

131,0

energie / energy

Gura Apelor

Hunedoara

420,0

210,0

energie / energy

Clineti

Satu Mare

380,0

8,6

complex / complex

Siriu

Buzu

360,0

126,0

complex / complex

Iovanu

Gorj

290,0

120,0

complex / complex

Colibia

Bistria Nsud

270,0

65,0

complex / complex

Lacul Morii

Municipiul Bucureti

256,0

14,2

complex / complex

Vcreti

Dmbovia

234,0

14,1

complex / complex

Brdior

Vlcea

230,0

38,0

complex / complex

Pucai

Vaslui

230,0

8,0

complex / complex

Tarnia

Cluj

215,0

70,3

energie / energy

Pecineagu

Dmbovia

182,0

63,0

complex / complex

1) ntre confluena Nera-Dunre i baraj (dup datele celor dou hidrocentrale). / Nera-Danube and dam confluence (according to the data

of the two hydro-power stations).

15

1.7

Altitudinea medie a principalelor orae din Romnia

Average height of major towns in Romania

Oraul
Town

Judeul
County

Alba lulia
Alexandria
Arad
Bacu
Baia Mare
Bistria
Brlad
Botoani
Braov
Brila
Bucureti / Bucharest
Buzu
Clrai
Cluj - Napoca
Constana
Craiova
Dej
Deva
Drobeta-Turnu Severin
Fgra
Focani
Galai
Giurgiu
Hunedoara
Iai
Lugoj
Media
Miercurea Ciuc
Odorheiu Secuiesc
Oneti
Oradea
Petroani
Piatra Neam
Piteti
Ploieti
Reia
Rmnicu Vlcea
Roman
Satu Mare
Sfntu Gheorghe
Sibiu
Sighetu Marmaiei
Sighioara
Slatina
Slobozia
Suceava
Tecuci
Timioara
Trgovite
Trgu Jiu
Trgu Mure
Tulcea
Turda
Turnu Mgurele
Vaslui
Zalu

Alba
Teleorman
Arad
Bacu
Maramure
Bistria-Nsud
Vaslui
Botoani
Braov
Brila
Buzu
Clrai
Cluj
Constana
Dolj
Cluj
Hunedoara
Mehedini
Braov
Vrancea
Galai
Giurgiu
Hunedoara
Iai
Timi
Sibiu
Harghita
Harghita
Bacu
Bihor
Hunedoara
Neam
Arge
Prahova
Cara-Severin
Vlcea
Neam
Satu Mare
Covasna
Sibiu
Maramure
Mure
Olt
Ialomia
Suceava
Galai
Timi
Dmbovia
Gorj
Mure
Tulcea
Cluj
Teleorman
Vaslui
Slaj

Not: Oraul situat la cea mai mare altitudine medie este Predeal (judeul Braov) - 1060 m.
Oraul situat la cea mai mic altitudine medie este Sulina (judeul Tulcea) - 4 m.
Note: The town situated at the highest average height is Predeal (Braov county) - 1060 m.
The town situated at the lowest average height is Sulina (Tulcea county) - 4 m.

16

Altitudinea medie (m)

Average height (m)
235
45
107
165
225
360
90
130
625
20
85
95
13
360
25
100
285
220
65
430
55
35
23
245
95
70
300
665
385
210
150
650
345
287
150
245
250
195
123
555
415
270
375
135
35
325
50
90
280
205
330
30
330
23
110
275

1.8

Organizarea administrativ a teritoriului Romniei, la 31 decembrie 2011

Administrative organisation of Romanian territory, on December 31, 2011

Macroregiunea
Regiunea de dezvoltare
Judeul
Macroregion
Development region
County
Total
MACROREGIUNEA 1
MACROREGION 1
Nord - Vest / North - West
Bihor
Bistria-Nsud
Cluj
Maramure
Satu Mare
Slaj
Centru / Center
Alba
Braov
Covasna
Harghita
Mure
Sibiu
MACROREGIUNEA 2
MACROREGION 2
Nord - Est / North - East
Bacu
Botoani
Iai
Neam
Suceava
Vaslui
Sud - Est / South - East
Brila
Buzu
Constana
Galai
Tulcea
Vrancea
MACROREGIUNEA 3
MACROREGION 3
Sud - Muntenia / South - Muntenia
Arge
Clrai
Dmbovia
Giurgiu
Ialomia
Prahova
Teleorman
Bucureti - Ilfov / Bucharest - Ilfov
Ilfov
Municipiul Bucureti
Bucharest Municipality
MACROREGIUNEA 4
MACROREGION 4
Sud - Vest Oltenia
South - West Oltenia
Dolj
Gorj
Mehedini
Olt
Vlcea
Vest / West
Arad
Cara-Severin
Hunedoara
Timi

Numrul
oraelor i
municipiilor
Number
of towns and
municipalities

din care:
municipii
of which:
municipalities

Numrul
comunelor
Number of
communes

Numrul
satelor
Number of
villages

238391

320

103

2861

12957

68259

100

35

760

3588

34159
7544
5355
6674
6304
4418
3864
34100
6242
5363
3710
6639
6714
5432

43
10
4
6
13
6
4
57
11
10
5
9
11
11

15
4
1
5
2
2
1
20
4
4
2
4
4
2

403
91
58
75
63
59
57
357
67
48
40
58
91
53

1800
430
235
420
214
220
281
1788
656
149
122
235
464
162

72612

81

28

861

3862

36850
6621
4986
5476
5896
8553
5318
35762
4766
6103
7071
4466
8499
4857

46
8
7
5
5
16
5
35
4
5
12
4
5
5

17
3
2
2
2
5
3
11
1
2
3
2
1
2

506
85
71
93
78
98
81
355
40
82
58
61
46
68

2414
491
333
418
344
379
449
1448
140
475
189
180
133
331

36274

57

17

551

2110

34453
6826
5088
4054
3526
4453
4716
5790
1821
1583
238

48
7
5
7
3
7
14
5
9
8
1

16
3
2
2
1
3
2
3
1
1

519
95
50
82
51
59
90
92
32
32
-

2019
576
160
353
167
127
405
231
91
91
-

61246

82

23

689

3397

29212

40

11

408

2070

7414
5602
4933
5498
5765
32034
7754
8520
7063
8697

7
9
5
8
11
42
10
8
14
10

3
2
2
2
2
12
1
2
7
2

104
61
61
104
78
281
68
69
55
89

378
411
344
377
560
1327
270
287
457
313

Suprafaa
total
Total area
(km2)

17

1.9

Temperatura aerului (media lunar i anual)

Air temperature (monthly and yearly average)

Staia
meteorologic
i anii
de observaie
Satu Mare
1901 - 2000
2011
Suceava
1901 - 2000
2011
Oradea
1901 - 2000
2011
Iai
1901 - 2000
2011
Cluj - Napoca
1901 - 2000
2011
Trgu Mure
1901 - 2000
2011
Bacu
1901 - 2000
2011
Timioara
1901 - 2000
2011
Deva
1901 - 2000
2011
Sibiu
1901 - 2000
2011
Vrfu Omu
1901 - 2000
2011
Galai
1901 - 2000
2011
Trgu Jiu
1901 - 2000
2011
Buzu
1901 - 2000
2011
Calafat
1901 - 2000
2011
Turnu Mgurele
1901 - 2000
2011
Bucureti - Filaret
1901 - 2000
2011
Constana
1901 - 2000
2011

grade Celsius / Celsius degrees

Media lunar Monthly average

Iulie August Septembrie
July August
September

Octombrie
October

Noiembrie
November

Decembrie
December

Media
anual
Yearly
average

Amplitudinea
anual
Yearly
amplitude

15,5
17,6

10,1
8,0

4,9
0,3

0,1
2,7

9,7
10,1

23,2
23,2

17,8
19,0

13,6
16,3

7,9
7,4

2,7
1,9

-2,2
1,5

7,5
8,7

23,4
22,9

20,9
21,8

20,4
22,6

16,3
19,4

10,9
9,8

5,3
1,9

0,8
3,1

10,3
11,1

22,8
23,8

19,5
20,7

21,2
22,9

20,5
21,6

15,9
18,1

10,0
8,8

4,1
2,7

-0,8
2,6

9,5
10,3

24,7
25,3

14,4
14,6

17,4
18,7

19,1
19,8

18,4
19,9

14,2
17,3

8,8
7,6

3,3
-0,4

-1,4
0,9

8,4
8,8

23,3
23,5

9,7
10,2

14,8
15,5

17,7
19,0

19,4
20,2

18,8
20,1

14,6
17,3

9,2
7,4

3,7
-0,7

-1,3
1,0

8,7
9,1

23,4
23,3

2,9
2,5

9,7
9,9

15,2
15,8

18,9
20,2

20,6
22,0

19,8
20,6

15,3
17,6

9,5
8,1

3,7
2,1

-0,9
1,3

9,1
9,6

24,2
24,9

0,6
-1,0

5,7
6,3

11,1
12,7

16,3
16,6

19,6
21,3

21,5
22,6

20,9
22,9

16,8
20,3

11,2
10,1

5,7
2,5

1,2
3,5

10,7
11,4

23,0
23,9

-2,5
-1,9

0,0
-1,3

5,3
5,7

10,7
11,8

15,6
15,7

18,6
19,5

20,4
20,8

19,8
21,4

15,7
19,1

10,2
9,1

4,7
0,7

0,3
1,8

9,9
10,2

22,9
23,3

-3,6
-3,0

-1,4
-2,6

3,9
4,6

9,5
10,1

14,4
14,8

17,5
18,6

19,2
20,3

18,6
20,6

14,5
18,2

9,2
8,2

3,8
-0,5

-1,1
0,6

8,7
9,2

22,8
23,6

-10,6
-10,3

-10,8
-9,2

-8,5
-7,2

-4,4
-5,2

0,3
0,6

3,5
4,3

5,5
7,0

5,7
7,8

2,8
5,8

-0,8
-1,9

-4,8
-3,9

-8,4
-7,6

-2,6
-1,7

16,5
18,1

-2,6
-2,4

-0,9
-3,0

4,0
4,6

10,8
10,2

16,5
17,2

20,4
21,3

22,5
24,2

21,9
22,9

17,3
20,3

11,3
10,3

5,2
3,3

0,1
3,0

10,5
11,0

25,1
27,2

-2,4
-1,2

-0,3
-1,0

4,8
4,9

10,9
11,9

15,9
16,7

19,4
20,8

21,4
22,2

20,8
22,2

16,5
20,1

10,5
9,8

4,8
1,7

0,0
1,7

10,2
10,8

23,8
23,4

-2,2
-2,4

-0,2
-1,7

4,4
5,3

10,9
11,1

16,6
17,0

20,3
21,2

22,3
23,7

21,9
23,0

17,4
21,0

11,2
10,6

5,1
3,6

0,4
3,1

10,7
11,3

24,5
26,1

-1,4
-0,4

0,6
0,2

5,7
4,7

11,9
12,4

17,4
17,5

21,0
22,4

23,3
24,0

22,8
24,4

18,2
22,4

11,9
11,7

5,7
2,9

1,0
3,5

11,5
12,1

24,7
24,8

-2,3
-1,9

0,3
-0,7

5,6
5,4

12,2
11,5

17,6
17,1

21,3
21,8

23,3
23,9

22,5
23,3

18,1
21,1

11,8
10,5

5,7
2,5

0,5
2,3

11,4
11,4

25,6
25,8

-2,2
-1,5

-0,2
-1,4

5,3
6,0

11,6
11,4

16,9
16,6

20,7
21,3

22,9
23,9

22,4
23,3

17,7
21,3

11,8
10,9

5,5
4,1

0,4
3,3

11,0
11,6

25,1
25,4

0,1
1,0

1,2
0,5

4,5
4,6

9,6
9,2

15,2
16,2

19,7
21,5

22,2
24,1

22,0
23,6

18,2
21,2

13,2
12,0

7,6
5,1

2,8
5,1

11,4
12,0

22,1
23,6

Ianuarie
January

Februarie
February

Martie
March

Aprilie
April

Mai
May

Iunie
June

-2,8
-0,7

-0,6
-2,1

4,5
4,9

10,4
11,4

15,7
16,2

18,8
20,6

20,4
20,8

19,8
21,1

-4,8
-2,7

-3,2
-3,0

1,4
1,7

7,9
9,0

13,4
15,1

16,9
18,5

18,6
19,9

-1,9
0,0

0,3
-1,2

5,2
6,0

10,8
12,4

15,9
16,8

19,0
21,1

-3,5
-2,4

-1,8
-2,3

3,1
3,5

10,2
10,3

16,0
16,7

-4,2
-3,6

-2,1
-3,5

3,6
4,6

9,2
10,1

-4,0
-3,1

-1,8
-2,2

4,0
4,8

-3,6
-2,9

-2,1
-2,1

-1,5
-0,7

Meteorological
station
and observation
years
Satu Mare
1901 - 2000
2011
Suceava
1901 - 2000
2011
Oradea
1901 - 2000
2011
Iai
1901 - 2000
2011
Cluj - Napoca
1901 - 2000
2011
Trgu Mure
1901 - 2000
2011
Bacu
1901 - 2000
2011
Timioara
1901 - 2000
2011
Deva
1901 - 2000
2011
Sibiu
1901 - 2000
2011
Vrfu Omu
1901 - 2000
2011
Galai
1901 - 2000
2011
Trgu Jiu
1901 - 2000
2011
Buzu
1901 - 2000
2011
Calafat
1901 - 2000
2011
Turnu Mgurele
1901 - 2000
2011
Bucharest - Filaret
1901 - 2000
2011
Constana
1901 - 2000
2011

Sursa: Administraia Naional de Meteorologie.

Source: National Administration of Meteorology.

18

19

1.10
Staia
meteorologic
i anii
de observaie

Satu Mare
1901 - 2000
maxima lunar
anul
minima lunar
anul
2011
maxima lunar
ziua
minima lunar
ziua
Suceava
1901 - 2000
maxima lunar
anul
minima lunar
anul
2011
maxima lunar
ziua
minima lunar
ziua
Oradea
1901 - 2000
maxima lunar
anul
minima lunar
anul
2011
maxima lunar
ziua
minima lunar
ziua
Iai
1901 - 2000
maxima lunar
anul
minima lunar
anul
2011
maxima lunar
ziua
minima lunar
ziua
Cluj - Napoca
1901 - 2000
maxima lunar
anul
minima lunar
anul
2011
maxima lunar
ziua
minima lunar
ziua

20

Temperatura aerului (maxima absolut i minima absolut lunar i anual)

Air temperature (monthly and yearly absolute maximum and absolute minimum)
grade Celsius / Celsius degrees

August Septembrie Octombrie Noiembrie Decembrie

October November December
August September

Maxima absolut
anual i data
nregistrrii
Yearly absolute
maximum and
its date

Ianuarie
January

Februarie
February

Martie
March

Aprilie
April

Mai
May

Iunie
June

Iulie
July

14,7
1990
-29,3
1982

17,9
1989
-27,6
1940

26,0
1974
-20,6
1940

30,7
1950
-6,4
1954

32,4
1937
-2,6
1976

36,3
2000
0,6
1977

37,2
1939; 1987
4,9
1961

39,4
1952
3,5
1980

37,3
1946
-4,7
1970

28,3
1943
-9,3
1971

24,2
1968
-19,6
1989

18,0
1989
-30,4
1961

39,4
16 august 1952

10,8
10
-11,8
31

11,4
8
-13,1
27

21,1
16
-7,9
1

23,7
22
-0,3
11; 14

30,3
28
-2,4
6

33,8
23
6,6
26

36,0
10
9,1
3

36,1
25
7,8
11

32,4
5
2,1
25

26,5
5
-8,6
18

19,7
6
-11,1
30

12,5
5
-7,9
1

36,1
25 august

15,0
1984
-29,6
1954

20,4
1990
-31,0
1954

26,6
1952
-21,9
1955

28,4
1943
-9,2
1963

34,5
1958
-2,2
1999

34,0
1972
1,5
1958

35,2
1988
5,5
1989

38,6
1952
4,2
1993

32,9
1986
-3,5
1953; 1977

32,0
1952
-8,0
1951; 1979

24,0
1994
-21,2
1942

18,0
1989
-29,8
1996

38,6
17 august 1952

9,5
15; 17
-17,1
6

16,3
8
-13,6
16

18,1
14
-14,5
3

21,9
27
-0,2
21

28,3
23
2,6
6

33,5
23
9,7
21

31,3
11
6,8
3

29,4
8
9,0
29

29,7
12
5,7
26; 27

26,8
5
-4,7
30

12,5
9
-7,6
22

15,5
5
-11,4
25

33,5
23 iunie/June

17,1
1939
-29,2
1942

19,2
1958
-24,5
1935

26,4
1974
-18,6
1932

32,6
1934
-10,0
1944

33,4
1968
-4,0
1943

37,8
2000
1,0
1918

39,5
1936
5,0
1943

40,0
2000
4,2
1942; 1943

37,0
1942
-1,9
1970

32,7
1932
-10,5
1943

26,0
1997
-16,4
1915

19,2
1957
-26,2
1902

40,0
21 august 2000

12,4
10
-13,9
30

11,7
18
-9,8
1

21,4
16
-7,1
9

24,4
27
-0,2
14

30,8
31
0,6
5

34,3
23
7,9
26

37,9
10
10,0
2

36,9
25
10,9
12

33,8
5
4,0
29

26,5
1
-4,2
18

21,6
5
-9,9
24

13,5
12
-5,2
26

37,9
10 iulie/July

16,7
1921
-30,6
1963

22,5
1990
-36,3
1937

27,0
1926
-22,7
1952

31,5
1909
-9,4
1963

36,4
1950
-3,0
1935

38,0
1927
3,5
1934

40,0
1909
6,3
1929

39,7
1905
4,6
1914

38,0
1946
-3,5
1921; 1931

33,9
1952
-9,6
1912

29,0
1926
-21,1
1993

19,5
1989
-29,5
1946

40,0
27 iulie/July 1909

10,3
18
-16,6
5

15,3
7
-13,1
16

21,6
15
-15,7
3

24,7
29
1,5
12

31,6
30
3,8
6

34,6
24
10,7
15

35,5
20
10,4
4

33,1
23
10,2
30

31,9
12; 14
4,9
26

28,5
5
-3,7
19; 27

14,3
4
-7,9
30

15,6
4
-10,2
25

35,5
20 iulie/July

14,0
1903
-34,2
1963

19,3
1966
-32,5
1929

26,6
1975
-22,0
1932

30,2
1926; 1950
-8,4
1923

32,5
1924
-3,5
1935

36,0
1935
0,4
1955

37,0
1936
5,2
1980

38,0
1952
3,5
1933

33,7
1927
-3,0
1939

32,6
1952
-8,8
1997

26,0
1926
-22,3
1948

18,7
1982
-27,9
1927

38,0
16 august 1952

9,1
16
-18,6
30

8,2
18
-18,3
2

19,6
13
-10,9
8; 9

21,8
30
-0,8
17

28,4
24
0,5
6

32,5
23
8,2
26

33,1
9
7,0
3

33,7
24
9,0
12

30,7
12
6,0
25

25,4
7
-6,0
18

16,0
9
-10,2
26

13,5
5
-9,9
1

33,7
24 august

Minima absolut
anual i data
nregistrrii
Yearly absolute
minimum and
its date

-30,4
24 decembrie/December 1961

-13,1
27 februarie/February

-31,0
20 februarie/February 1954

-17,1
6 ianuarie/January

-29,2
24 ianuarie/January 1942

-13,9
30 ianuarie/January

-36,3
1 februarie/February 1937

-16,6
5 ianuarie/January

-34,2
23 ianuarie/January 1963

-18,6
30 iauarie/January

Meteorological
station
and observation
years

Satu Mare
1901 - 2000
monthly maximum
year
monthly minimum
year
2011
monthly maximum
date
monthly minimum
date
Suceava
1901 - 2000
monthly maximum
year
monthly minimum
year
2011
monthly maximum
date
monthly minimum
date
Oradea
1901 - 2000
monthly maximum
year
monthly minimum
year
2011
monthly maximum
date
monthly minimum
date
Iai
1901 - 2000
monthly maximum
year
monthly minimum
year
2011
monthly maximum
date
monthly minimum
date
Cluj - Napoca
1901 - 2000
monthly maximum
year
monthly minimum
year
2011
monthly maximum
date
monthly minimum
date

21

1.10
Staia
meteorologic
i anii
de observaie

Trgu Mure
1901 - 2000
maxima lunar
anul
minima lunar
anul
2011
maxima lunar
ziua
minima lunar
ziua
Bacu
1901 - 2000
maxima lunar
anul
minima lunar
anul
2011
maxima lunar
ziua
minima lunar
ziua
Timioara
1901 - 2000
maxima lunar
anul
minima lunar
anul
2011
maxima lunar
ziua
minima lunar
ziua
Deva
1901 - 2000
maxima lunar
anul
minima lunar
anul
2011
maxima lunar
ziua
minima lunar
ziua
Sibiu
1901 - 2000
maxima lunar
anul
minima lunar
anul
2011
maxima lunar
ziua
minima lunar
ziua

22

Temperatura aerului
(maxima absolut i minima absolut lunar i anual) - continuare
Air temperature
(monthly and yearly absolute maximum and absolute minimum) - continued
grade Celsius / Celsius degrees

August Septembrie Octombrie Noiembrie Decembrie

August September
October November December

Maxima absolut
anual i data
nregistrrii
Yearly absolute
maximum and
its date

Ianuarie
January

Februarie
February

Martie
March

Aprilie
April

Mai
May

Iunie
June

Iulie
July

14,0
1936
-32,8
1942; 1963

19,0
1994
-32,0
1929

27,0
1975
-27,3
1932

32,5
1934
-7,5
1929

34,4
1950
-1,6
1976

35,3
1963
0,3
1928

39,0
1936
4,6
1996

38,5
1946
2,7
1958

38,2
1946
-3,3
1970

31,5
1952
-8,4
1988

26,5
1926
-19,6
1989

18,3
1960
-25,9
1927

39,0
29 iulie/July 1936

9,1
16
-16,4
6

10,9
7
-11,4
1; 3

21,9
16
-9,4
9

22,7
24; 25; 27
-2,9
11

29,4
24
0,4
6

32,0
23
8,7
26

34,0
20
9,1
3

33,9
25
7,8
30

31,8
12
5,7
25

26,0
7
-7,9
18

19,1
6
-9,8
24; 28

15,3
13
-11,6
2

34,0
20 iulie/July

18,2
1984
-30,8
1963

22,4
1977
-32,5
1954

29,6
1952
-21,5
1986

30,9
1943
-11,3
1963

35,6
1908
-3,0
1912

36,5
1908
2,7
1939

39,6
1988
6,0
1904; 1954

38,8
1952
3,0
1940

35,8
1946
-4,5
1977

34,6
1952
-10,0
1912

26,6
1990
-21,4
1993

19,0
1903
-27,8
1946

39,6
6 iulie/July 1988

8,5
18
-16,9
5

17,0
8
-12,2
1

21,9
15
-15,9
3

23,0
27; 30
0,1
17

28,9
22; 24
2,8
7

35,9
24
8,9
21

35,7
9
9,5
3

32,4
8
8,9
29

34,4
14
4,8
27

28,8
1
-4,0
19; 31

14,7
9
-8,5
30

13,6
5
-10,1
25

35,9
24 iunie/June

17,4
1979
-35,3
1963

20,5
1994
-29,2
1935

28,2
1952
-20,0
1932

32,0
1950
-5,2
1931

34,5
1950
-5,0
1935

38,4
1938
2,2
1962

39,6
1939
5,9
1962

41,0
1952
5,0
1949

39,7
1946
-1,9
1970

33,8
1935
-6,8
1971

27,1
1926
-15,4
1922

20,2
1957
-24,8
1927

41,0
16 august 1952

14,3
9
-15,3
25

10,5
8
-10,8
27

20,4
15; 16
-7,0
9

24,7
30
2,2
14

30,2
31
1,7
6

34,3
23
10,2
21

37,7
10
8,8
3

37,3
24
10,8
12

34,2
11
8,9
25

27,6
1
-4,1
18

19,7
5
-7,7
25

15,3
5
-4,3
2

37,7
10 iulie/July

15,3
1939
-31,6
1963

20,8
1977
-28,1
1929

28,5
1952
-21,7
1987

32,3
1956
-6,0
1926

34,6
1950
-2,4
1953

35,6
1952; 1963
2,2
1933

39,4
1931; 1936
3,7
1962

39,7
1952
4,4
1961

38,2
1946
-4,2
1970

32,7
1932
-8,0
1997

27,4
1926
-16,6
1922

19,8
1957
-24,1
1927

39,7
16 august 1952

12,0
9
-16,8
31

12,9
7; 8
-19,1
2

21,1
13; 15
-8,9
8; 9

24,3
22
0,8
18

30,7
28
-1,1
6

34,5
23
7,0
27

35,4
15; 19
9,0
3

36,7
25
8,8
12

34,1
12
7,2
30

27,5
1
-6,1
18

16,8
6
-9,6
24

16,7
5
-9,8
2

36,7
25 august

15,6
1903
-31,8
1963

21,3
1966
-31,0
1929

30,6
1952
-24,5
1932

30,2
1934
-12,0
1942

32,1
1973
-3,6
1963

35,4
1963
1,0
1934

37,5
1987
4,2
1996

39,5
38,4
1946
1946
-3,6
1,0
1981 1970; 1977

32,5
1932
-9,4
1997

27,0
1926
-21,3
1948

19,3
1957
-29,8
1927

11,6
9; 15
-21,4
31

10,5
8
-20,3
1

20,3
16
-9,3
9

21,9
26,8
21 23;24;25;30
-2,9
-0,6
17
6

31,3
23
8,9
16

33,1
9
8,2
3

33,8
24
9,2
30

32,2
12
6,9
29

25,4
7
-5,9
18

19,9
6
-13,2
30

15,8
5
-11,5
1; 22

Minima absolut
anual i data
nregistrrii
Yearly absolute
minimum and
its date

-32,8
25 ianuarie/January 1942;
23 ianuarie/January 1963

-16,4
6 ianuarie/January

-32,5
20 februarie/February 1954

-16,9
5 ianuarie/January

-35,3
24 ianuarie/January 1963

-15,3
25 ianuarie/January

-31,6
24 ianuarie/January 1963

-19,1
2 februarie/February

39,5
7 septembrie/September 1946
-31,8
23 ianuarie/January 1963
33,8
24 august
-21,4
31 ianuarie/January

Meteorological
station
and observation
years

Trgu Mure
1901 - 2000
monthly maximum
year
monthly minimum
year
2011
monthly maximum
date
monthly minimum
date
Bacu
1901 - 2000
monthly maximum
year
monthly minimum
year
2011
monthly maximum
date
monthly minimum
date
Timioara
1901 - 2000
monthly maximum
year
monthly minimum
year
2011
monthly maximum
date
monthly minimum
date
Deva
1901 - 2000
monthly maximum
year
monthly minimum
year
2011
monthly maximum
date
monthly minimum
date
Sibiu
1901 - 2000
monthly maximum
year
monthly minimum
year
2011
monthly maximum
date
monthly minimum
date

23

1.10
Staia
meteorologic
i anii
de observaie

Vrfu Omu
1901 - 2000
maxima lunar
anul
minima lunar
anul
2011
maxima lunar
ziua
minima lunar
ziua
Galai
1901 - 2000
maxima lunar
anul
minima lunar
anul
2011
maxima lunar
ziua
minima lunar
ziua
Trgu Jiu
1901 - 2000
maxima lunar
anul
minima lunar
anul
2011
maxima lunar
ziua
minima lunar
ziua
Buzu
1901 - 2000
maxima lunar
anul
minima lunar
anul
2011
maxima lunar
ziua
minima lunar
ziua
Calafat
1901 - 2000
maxima lunar
anul
minima lunar
anul
2011
maxima lunar
ziua
minima lunar
ziua

24

Temperatura aerului
(maxima absolut i minima absolut lunar i anual) - continuare
Air temperature
(monthly and yearly absolute maximum and absolute minimum) - continued
grade Celsius / Celsius degrees

August Septembrie Octombrie Noiembrie Decembrie

August September
October November December

Maxima absolut
anual i data
nregistrrii
Yearly absolute
maximum and
its date

Ianuarie
January

Februarie
February

Martie
March

Aprilie
April

Mai
May

Iunie
June

Iulie
July

5,6
1949
-32,3
1964

6,0
1950
-38,0
1929

12,2
1974
-29,6
1987

12,8
1986
-26,0
1940

16,6
1986
-16,0
1940

22,0
1939
-12,0
1939

22,1
1984
-8,0
1933

20,8
1956; 1957
-7,0
1949

19,2
1993
-15,0
1935

20,0
1935
-19,0
1946

13,6
1945
-30,8
1957

8,2
1972
-32,4
1957

22,1
14 iulie/July 1984

-1,8
11
-20,9
25

1,3
8
-20,9
13

3,5
15
-22,9
8

1,8
5
-14,2
10

11,2
28
-12,6
6

14,9
24
-4,1
27

15,5
19
-2,1
3

16,6
24
0,1
12

14,1
14
-1,1
10

10,3
5
-14,6
17

7,7
4
-12,5
11

-0,4
2
-17,3
22

16,6
24 august

17,3
1993
-26,5
1929

22,4
1990
-28,6
1929

27,8
1952
-17,2
1985

31,8
1998
-5,2
1904

36,2
1950
-0,1
1935

35,8
1908
3,8
1973

40,2
2000
7,3
1976

39,0
1904
6,2
1980

35,7
1968
-1,5
1977

33,5
1952
-6,8
1973

25,6
1926
-17,4
1933

20,0
1947
-20,7
1996

40,2
5 iulie/July 2000

7,4
15
-16,2
31

7,5
9
-14,1
3

22,7
26
-8,3
3

22,7
30
1,7
11

30,5
25
5,3
6

34,2
24
12,6
26

36,0
9
12,1
4

33,6
20
13,2
28

34,4
14
9,4
28

27,8
7
-1,9
27

17,5
9
-6,2
19

15,5
5
-6,7
25

36,0
9 iulie/July

18,3
1983

21,7
1990

26,4
1957

31,8
1926

37,5
36,6
1950 1947; 1963

40,6
2000

40,6
1946

31,5
1935

26,4
1926

-31,0
1942

-28,3
1954

-24,7
1987

-4,6
1968

-1,2
1938

2,2
1918; 1990

5,0
1993

39,0
1922; 1946;
1952
2,6
1939

-4,0
1906

-9,0
1918

-15,1
1904

13,4
14
-15,1
31

16,8
8
-13,7
1

22,0
25
-9,7
9

22,6
30
0,2
15

29,4
24
1,5
7

32,7
24
8,8
21

35,9
9
11,1
23

35,4
24
9,2
30

35,3
13
7,7
29

29,7
1
-5,6
18

16,3
9
-8,1
27

14,8
4
-8,9
24

35,9
9 iulie/July

18,4
1936
-29,6
1942

22,2
1990
-25,0
1929

27,9
1947
-17,0
1901

31,5
1909; 1947
-5,3
1944

37,3
1950
-2,0
1915

38,5
1908
4,6
1973

39,8
2000
7,5
1902

39,6
1951
5,4
1939

37,0
1946
-2,0
1977

35,3
1952
-8,0
1988

25,0
1963
-17,6
1975

21,6
1989
-23,0
1902

39,8
5 iulie/July 2000

13,5
15
-20,9
26

14,2
12
-17,2
3

22,9
14
-7,1
2

22,9
26
1,1
11

28,9
25
3,1
6

34,4
24
10,8
26

35,3
9
10,8
4

34,7
20
13,2
12

34,1
13;14
10,2
10

28,0
7
-3,9
31

16,5
9
-6,9
18

15,7
4
-5,8
1

35,3
9 iulie/July

20,5
1993
-29,2
1947

22,4
1990
-24,6
1950

27,6
1952; 1994
-15,7
1963

34,5
1985
-3,0
1912

36,6
1969
1,6
1952

39,5
1908
6,2
1962

43,2
2000
9,0
1913

41,3
1945
7,3
1904

39,8
1946
-1,3
1977

31,6
1991
-6,2
1988

25,9
1970
-16,2
1988

21,2
1989
-21,8
1948

43,2
4 iulie/July 2000

15,5
14
-12,8
31

16,9
7
-13,1
1

23,0
25
-13,2
10

23,5
7
2,5
24

30,2
30
4,2
9

35,7
23
12,9
27

37,5
11
11,6
4

38,3
24
10,3
30

36,8
14
8,5
28

30,4
1
-4,6
31

21,7
9
-9,6
30

19,8
4
-6,2
2

38,3
24 august

Minima absolut
anual i data
nregistrrii
Yearly absolute
minimum and
its date

-38,0
10 februarie/February 1929

-22,9
8 Martie/March

-28,6
10 februarie/February 1929

-16,2
31 ianuarie/January

20,0
40,6
1986 8 septembrie/September 1946
4 iulie/July 2000
-26,9
-31,0
1940
24 ianuarie/January 1942

-15,1
31 ianuarie/January

-29,6
24 ianuarie/January 1942

-20,9
26 ianuarie/January

-29,2
8 ianuarie/January 1947

-13,2
10 martie/March

Meteorological
station
and observation
years

Vrfu Omu
1901 - 2000
monthly maximum
year
monthly minimum
year
2011
monthly maximum
date
monthly minimum
date
Galai
1901 - 2000
monthly maximum
year
monthly minimum
year
2011
monthly maximum
date
monthly minimum
date
Trgu Jiu
1901 - 2000
monthly maximum
year
monthly minimum
year
2011
monthly maximum
date
monthly minimum
date
Buzu
1901 - 2000
monthly maximum
year
monthly minimum
year
2011
monthly maximum
date
monthly minimum
date
Calafat
1901 - 2000
monthly maximum
year
monthly minimum
year
2011
monthly maximum
date
monthly minimum
date

25

1.10

Temperatura aerului
(maxima absolut i minima absolut lunar i anual) - continuare
Air temperature
(monthly and yearly absolute maximum and absolute minimum) - continued

Staia
meteorologic
i anii
de observaie

Turnu Mgurele
1901 - 2000
maxima lunar
anul
minima lunar
anul
2011
maxima lunar
ziua
minima lunar
ziua
Bucureti - Filaret
1901 - 2000
maxima lunar
anul
minima lunar
anul
2011
maxima lunar
ziua
minima lunar
ziua
Constana
1901 - 2000
maxima lunar
anul
minima lunar
anul
2011
maxima lunar
ziua
minima lunar
ziua

grade Celsius / Celsius degrees

Ianuarie
January

Februarie
February

Martie
March

Aprilie
April

Mai
May

Iunie
June

Iulie
July

August Septembrie Octombrie Noiembrie Decembrie

October November December
August September

18,0
1983
-30,0
1942

24,1
1995
-26,0
1950

29,6
1951
-22,2
1929

34,2
1985
-4,6
1923

38,8
1950
0,5
1938

38,2
1957
5,0
1911

43,2
1987
9,0
1974

41,4
1952
6,6
1981

40,0
1946
-2,5
1977

36,4
1952
-5,8
1988

26,7
1963
-18,2
1993

22,0
1903
-25,0
1933

14,5
15
-13,5
30

15,2
12
-12,2
4

23,5
15; 16
-7,2
5

23,0
8
-0,3
12

29,2
16; 24; 25
3,4
7

35,6
24
9,5
26

36,5
20
9,4
4

35,5
24
11,2
30

34,6
14; 15
6,5
28

29,0
7
-2,3
30

16,2
28
-7,2
19

20,0
5
-10,6
25

16,8
1983
-30,0
1942

23,0
1995
-24,2
1929

28,8
1947
-13,6
1929

34,4
1934
-5,5
1923

36,6
1950
-0,2
1915

40,3
1918
4,2
1918

42,4
2000
8,6
1933

41,1
1945
6,6
1981

39,6
1946
-1,6
1906

35,5
1952
-10,7
1920

29,4
1926
-17,8
1904

20,8
1903
-26,4
1927

12,1
16
-12,8
26; 27

14,5
12
-14,1
1

22,9
15
-4,9
5

23,7
26
2,9
17

29,6
16
4,9
8

34,9
24
11,7
27

36,9
20
10,9
4

36,2
9
12,9
12

35,7
14
10,0
28

29,0
7
-0,2
31

17,2
9
-4,4
27

16,9
5
-5,3
25

18,0
1988
-24,7
1942

24,5
1995
-25,0
1929

30,8
1952
-12,8
1929

31,9
1985
-4,5
1923

36,9
1969
1,8
1915

36,9
1982
6,4
1913

38,5
1927
7,6
1944

36,8
1902
8,0
1936; 1949

34,8
1987
1,0
1931

31,0
1928
-12,4
1920

26,5
1990
-11,7
1953

21,0
1903
-18,6
1948

9,6
15
-10,4
5

16,2
8
-8,0
3

23,1
26
-6,0
1

18,4
7
2,9
12

27,4
25
7,2
6

30,1
22
12,9
29

33,9
18
14,2
4

33,0
14
16,3
30

30,6
13
12,3
28

27,5
6
2,4
19

15,8
9
-4,3
20

17,8
5
-2,7
25

Maxima absolut
anual i data
nregistrrii
Yearly absolute
maximum and
its date

Minima absolut
anual i data
nregistrrii
Yearly absolute
minimum and
its date

Meteorological
station
and observation
years

Turnu Mgurele
1901 - 2000
43,2
monthly maximum
25 iulie/July 1987
year
-30,0
monthly minimum
25 ianuarie/January 1942
year
2011
36,5
monthly maximum
20 iulie/July
date
-13,5
monthly minimum
30 ianuarie/January
date
Bucharest - Filaret
1901 - 2000
42,4
monthly maximum
5 iulie/July 2000
year
-30,0
monthly minimum
25 ianuarie/January 1942
year
2011
36,9
monthly maximum
20 iulie/July
date
-14,1
monthly minimum
1 februarie/February
date
Constana
1901 - 2000
38,5
monthly maximum
10 iulie/July 1927
year
-25,0
monthly minimum
10 februarie/February 1929
year
2011
33,9
monthly maximum
18 iulie/July
date
-10,4
monthly minimum
5 ianuarie/January
date

Sursa: Administraia Naional de Meteorologie.

Source: National Administration of Meteorology.

26

27

1.11

Precipitaii atmosferice (cantitatea lunar i anual)

Precipitations (monthly and yearly quantity)

Staia meteorologic
i anii de observaie
Satu Mare
1901 - 2000
2011
Suceava
1901 - 2000
2011
Oradea
1901 - 2000
2011
Iai
1901 - 2000
2011
Cluj - Napoca
1901 - 2000
2011
Trgu Mure
1901 - 2000
2011
Bacu
1901 - 2000
2011
Timioara
1901 - 2000
2011
Deva
1901 - 2000
2011
Sibiu
1901 - 2000
2011
Vrfu Omu
1901 - 2000
2011
Galai
1901 - 2000
2011
Trgu Jiu
1901 - 2000
2011
Buzu
1901 - 2000
2011
Calafat
1901 - 2000
2011
Turnu Mgurele
1901 - 2000
2011
Bucureti - Filaret
1901 - 2000
2011
Constana
1901 - 2000
2011

mm

Ianuarie
January

Februarie
February

Martie
March

Aprilie
April

Mai
May

Iunie
June

Iulie
July

August Septembrie
August
September

Octombrie
October

Noiembrie
November

Decembrie
December

Anual
Yearly

39,8
32,0

35,9
33,7

35,0
34,0

44,8
32,4

63,1
32,6

81,4
52,2

69,4
112,4

62,2
17,0

45,6
18,2

46,0
18,8

47,3
0,1

53,3
72,0

598,8
455,4

24,2
10,3

24,4
17,6

24,4
13,4

47,5
40,8

74,7
27,0

92,0
119,2

89,9
91,2

67,6
27,1

44,6
26,8

30,3
17,4

34,1
0,9

25,2
16,5

562,9
408,2

36,3
25,5

32,1
19,4

35,5
28,9

48,1
19,0

65,5
55,5

83,3
35,2

64,3
125,3

56,2
8,9

47,1
30,8

44,0
15,6

48,6
-

52,2
54,0

588,9
418,1

29,7
13,2

26,9
13,7

28,4
8,4

43,9
82,2

55,9
32,3

82,6
84,1

69,3
37,8

56,0
32,1

45,3
18,7

32,5
40,2

37,0
0,6

29,7
8,7

517,8
372,0

26,3
24,8

26,4
23,8

25,4
22,3

46,4
43,8

74,4
69,4

90,0
76,8

79,0
127,8

72,7
58,4

42,7
21,6

37,5
14,6

31,6
0,2

30,6
26,3

564,7
509,8

28,4
24,1

28,7
11,5

26,3
18,2

49,0
30,8

73,8
40,2

90,0
153,6

80,0
98,4

69,7
35,2

43,7
2,8

41,7
15,4

36,7
0,8

32,5
27,3

583,5
458,3

25,0
21,1

25,6
30,8

26,3
4,8

38,6
50,0

66,6
82,0

86,8
88,0

81,0
91,4

62,5
37,6

48,9
10,4

35,9
41,2

34,0
2,8

30,0
12,4

543,5
472,5

39,1
23,3

37,5
28,9

36,5
30,9

48,2
21,9

63,4
67,3

81,0
28,7

58,3
107,9

51,5
1,3

43,9
11,7

49,7
33,0

48,7
0,2

49,4
34,7

583,9
389,8

32,1
16,9

29,7
23,3

28,7
16,2

47,4
29,2

64,7
27,8

78,8
64,6

69,4
102,6

58,5
9,6

44,4
2,0

41,2
14,8

36,9
-

38,3
25,1

551,1
332,1

28,6
28,1

26,6
34,8

31,2
21,9

53,8
38,9

78,3
38,3

106,4
156,5

87,6
116,2

71,0
5,6

54,6
1,0

43,9
23,3

33,9
1,4

29,2
16,6

626,2
482,6

71,6
36,4

79,5
52,3

76,6
62,2

86,0
67,0

106,9
80,7

140,1
128,8

135,5
81,6

105,7
45,7

65,8
16,6

59,6
59,0

55,5
3,1

68,5
55,9

1023,7
689,3

30,0
50,9

26,0
26,1

24,0
2,0

38,1
53,4

50,5
34,4

66,3
85,8

47,9
10,4

40,3
24,6

39,5
1,0

34,4
18,6

34,3
0,6

32,6
16,3

445,6
324,1

52,4
43,0

50,0
63,7

45,4
32,9

63,6
4,4

83,3
69,6

92,0
73,0

64,4
168,6

57,6
4,4

53,5
0,8

64,5
22,8

62,6
4,3

63,0
25,5

726,3
513,0

26,5
21,0

25,6
15,2

22,9
0,6

40,1
44,8

63,9
46,8

80,3
114,6

62,1
106,4

50,1
24,6

38,7
0,4

35,2
38,6

39,2
1,0

32,8
23,0

501,5
437,0

39,0
33,5

36,1
65,8

37,0
42,0

47,8
14,8

60,0
22,2

63,2
42,4

46,4
58,6

36,0
2,6

39,3
2,2

47,1
23,4

52,0
0,3

48,9
24,8

532,8
332,6

35,8
37,4

32,3
31,5

34,4
15,9

42,0
31,3

56,7
70,9

64,7
33,1

52,6
90,7

38,6
80,6

37,6
0,1

41,2
45,7

45,4
0,1

40,3
19,8

502,7
457,1

39,5
47,5

33,3
17,9

38,1
4,0

46,0
26,9

68,1
129,6

85,5
66,0

59,2
48,6

50,0
48,6

40,6
11,5

42,9
30,2

47,8
1,3

41,4
41,9

567,7
474,0

28,8
37,2

26,3
19,2

24,9
19,1

28,7
39,2

36,6
39,8

42,2
12,6

33,7
37,1

29,8
0,8

29,7
6,5

33,7
41,8

39,6
0,5

34,3
53,2

368,1
307,0

Meteorological station
and observation years
Satu Mare
1901 - 2000
2011
Suceava
1901 - 2000
2011
Oradea
1901 - 2000
2011
Iai
1901 - 2000
2011
Cluj - Napoca
1901 - 2000
2011
Trgu Mure
1901 - 2000
2011
Bacu
1901 - 2000
2011
Timioara
1901 - 2000
2011
Deva
1901 - 2000
2011
Sibiu
1901 - 2000
2011
Vrfu Omu
1901 - 2000
2011
Galai
1901 - 2000
2011
Trgu Jiu
1901 - 2000
2011
Buzu
1901 - 2000
2011
Calafat
1901 - 2000
2011
Turnu Mgurele
1901 - 2000
2011
Bucharest - Filaret
1901 - 2000
2011
Constana
1901 - 2000
2011

Sursa: Administraia Naional de Meteorologie.

Source: National Administration of Meteorology.

28

29

1.12

Ariile protejate, n anul 2011

Protected areas, in 2011

Categorii de arii
protejate

Numr
Number

Suprafaa (ha)
Area (ha)

Categories of protected
areas

64

2181451)

Scientific reserves

13

3168721)

National parks

Monumente ale naturii

206

154061)

Rezervaii naturale

699

3469331)

Natural reserves

15

7728101)

Natural parks

664446

Biosphere reserves

Rezervaii tiinifice
Parcuri naionale

Parcuri naturale
Rezervaii ale biosferei
Zone umede de importan internaional

Natural monuments

680859

Wetlands of international importance

Arii de protecie special avifaunistic

148

3694394

Special avifaunistic protection areas

Situri de importan comunitar

383

4152153

Sites of community interest

Not: Suprafeele ariilor protejate au fost calculate conform Legii nr. 5/2000 privind Planul de amenajare a teritoriului naional - Seciunea a III-a
- zone protejate i H.G.-urilor nr.: 2151/2004; 1581/2005; 1143/2007 privind instituirea regimului de arie natural protejat pentru noi
zone; 1284/2007 privind declararea ariilor de protecie special avifaunistic ca parte integrant a reelei ecologice europene Natura
2000 n Romnia; 1964/2007 privind instituirea regimului de arie natural protejat a siturilor de importan comunitar, ca parte
integrant a reelei ecologice europene Natura 2000 n Romnia i 1066/2010 privind instituirea regimului de arie natural protejat
asupra unor zone din Rezervaia biosferei "Delta Dunrii".
Note: Areas of protected zones were calculated according to the Law no.5/2000 regarding the national territory arrangement plan - Section III
- protected areas and G.D. no. 2151/2004; 1581/2005; 1143/2007 regarding regime of natural protected area for new zones; 1284/2007
regarding declaration of special protection avifauna areas as integral part of European ecological network NATURE 2000 in Romania;
1964/2007 on creation of protected natural area regime of community importance, as integrated part of European ecological network
NATURE 2000 in Romania and 1066/2010 regarding regime of natural protected area over some zones from the reservation of
"Danube Delta" biosphere.
1) Suprafee reevaluate prin msurtori realizate cu tehnologii GIS. / Areas reassessed by measurements with GIS technologies.
Sursa: Agenia Naional pentru Protecia Mediului. / Source: National Agency for Environment Protection.

1.13

Rezervaii ale biosferei, n anul 2011

Biosphere reservations, in 2011

Denumirea rezervaiei
Name of reserve

Judeul
County

Total
Delta Dunrii / Danube Delta
Retezat
Rodna

664446
Tulcea, Constana
Hunedoara
Maramure, Bistria-Nsud, Suceava

1) Conform Legii nr. 5/2000 privind Planul de amenajare a teritoriului naional - Seciunea a III-a - zone protejate.

According to the Law no.5/2000 on the national territory arrangement plan - Section III - Protected areas.
Sursa: Agenia Naional pentru Protecia Mediului. / Source: National Agency for Environment Protection.

30

Suprafaa1) (ha)
Area1) (ha)

580000
38047
46399

1.14

Parcurile naionale i parcurile naturale, n anul 2011

National and natural parks, in 2011

Denumirea parcului
Name of park

Judeul
County

Parcuri naionale - total

National parks - total

Suprafaa
legislaie (ha)
Area
legislation (ha)

Suprafaa
GIS (ha)1)
Area
GIS (ha)1)

316335

316872

60100
46399
38047
37100
36665
24519
17100
14800
11321
11127
8396
6575
4186

61190
47207
38115
36707
36219
24519
16721
14781
11114
11136
7739
6933
4491

Parcuri naturale - total

Natural parks - total

749137

772810

Munii Maramureului
Maramure
Porile de Fier
Cara-Severin, Mehedini
Geoparcul Platoul Mehedini
Mehedini
Geoparcul Dinozaurilor - ara Haegului
Hunedoara
Munii Apuseni
Alba, Bihor, Cluj
Putna - Vrancea
Vrancea
Bucegi
Arge, Braov, Dmbovia, Prahova
Vntori Neam
Neam
Comana
Giurgiu
Balta Mica a Brilei
Brila
Lunca Mureului
Arad, Timi
Grditea Muncelului - Cioclovina
Hunedoara
Defileul Mureului Superior
Mure
Lunca Joas a Prutului Inferior
Galai
Cefa
Bihor

148850
115656
106000
102392
75784
38204
32497
30818
24963
24400
17166
10000
9156
8247
5004

133419
128196
106492
100487
76022
38190
32497
30841
24963
24400
17428
38116
9494
7261
5004

Domogled-Valea Cernei
Rodna
Retezat
Cheile Nerei-Beunia
Semenic-Cheile Caraului
Climani
Cozia
Piatra Craiului
Munii Mcinului
Defileul Jiului
Ceahlu
Cheile Bicazului-Hma
Buila-Vnturria

Cara-Severin, Mehedini, Gorj

Bistria-Nsud, Maramure, Suceava
Hunedoara
Cara-Severin
Cara-Severin
Bistria-Nsud, Harghita, Suceava, Mure
Vlcea
Arge, Braov
Tulcea
Gorj, Hunedoara
Neam
Neam, Harghita
Vlcea

Not: Suprafeele ariilor protejate au fost calculate conform Legii nr. 5/2000 privind Planul de amenajare a teritoriului naional - Seciunea a III-a
- zone protejate i H.G.-urilor nr.: 2151/2004; 1581/2005; 1143/2007, privind instituirea regimului de arie natural protejat pentru noi zone.
Note: Protected areas were calculated according to the Law no.5/2000 on The Plan of natural territory arrangement - Section III protected areas and G.D. no.:2151/2004; 1581/2005; 1143/2007, on the setting up of protected natural area regime for new zones.
1) Suprafee reevaluate prin msurtori realizate cu tehnologii GIS conform limitelor publicate pe site-ul Ministerului Mediului i Pdurilor.
Areas reassessed by measurements with GIS technologies according to limits issued on the site of Ministry of Environment and Forests.
Sursa: Agenia Naional pentru Protecia Mediului. / Source: National Agency for Environment Protection.

31

1.15

Resursele de ap asigurate, potrivit gradului de amenajare, n anul 2011

Water resources assured, according to the arrangement level, in 2011
milioane m3 / an
million m3 / year

Surse de ap / Water sources

Bazine hidrografice / Hydrographic basins
Total
Ape de suprafa / Superficial waters
Ruri interioare / Inland rivers
Tisa
Some
Criuri
Mure
Spaiul Banat1) / Banat Space1)
Jiu
Olt
Vedea
Arge
Ialomia
Siret
Prut
Alte bazine2) / Other basins2)
Dunrea / The Danube
Ape subterane / Underground waters

39270
33859
13859
256
715
395
1044
608
2109
1682
40
1672
430
1956
726
2226
20000
5411

1) Spaiul Banat / Banat Space = Bega, Cara, Brzava, Timi, Cerna, Nera.
2) Alte bazine / Other basins = Clmui - Olt, Clmui - Buzu.

Sursa: Administraia Naional Apele Romne. / Source: National Administration Romanian Waters.

1.16

Calitatea apelor de suprafa, n anul 2011

Superficial water quality, in 2011
km

Bazine hidrografice
Hydrographic basins

Total lungimi
pe corp de ap
monitorizat
Total length of
monitored
water body

Total
Tisa
Some
Criuri
Mure-Aranca
Spaiul Banat 1) / Banat Space1)
Jiu
Olt
Vedea
Arge
Buzu
Ialomia
Siret
Prut
Dunrea / The Danube
Litoral / Seaside

Clasa I
Stare
foarte bun
The first
class
Very-good
status

din care: / of which:

Clasa II
Clasa III
Stare
Stare
bun
moderat
The second
The third
class
class
Good
Moderate
status
status

21161
945
2406
1297
1699
1418
1279
2145
847
1679
590
1053
4295
498
756
254

Clasa V
Stare
proast
The fifth
class
Bad
status

14148

6887

82

44

921
1620
872
1571
1142
1118
1209
83
1045
474
391
3280
218
188
16

24
786
425
128
276
161
923
764
634
116
662
946
236
568
238

13
69
-

44
-

1) Spaiul Banat / Banat Space = Bega, Cara, Brzava, Timi, Cerna, Nera.

Sursa: Administraia Naional Apele Romne". / Source: National Administration "Romanian Waters".

32

Clasa IV
Stare
slab
The fourth
class
Poor
status

1.17

Investiii pentru protecia mediului, n anul 2011

Investments for environment protection, in 2011
mii lei preuri curente / lei thou current prices

Sectoare de activitate
Activity sectors

Total

Total

5414279

Prevenirea i combaterea polurii,

pe domenii de mediu:
Prevention and control of pollution,
by environmental field:
sol i ape
subterane
aer
ap
deeuri
soil and
air
water
waste underground
waters

731255

3019253

949787

Protecia
resurselor
naturale i
conservarea
biodiversitii
Natural resources
protection and
biodiversity
preservation

192899

189692

Alte
domenii
Other
fields

331393

Productori nespecializai / Non-specialised producers

Total

1400480

535915

194957

173645

159997

186952

149014

Silvicultur i exploatare forestier

Foresty and logging

170905

418

1362

167750

1375

Industrie extractiv
Mining and quarrying

522570

241304

96598

45144

51790

6860

80874

Industrie prelucrtoare
Manufacturing

414141

168395

72757

94015

17985

10949

50040

Producia i furnizarea
de energie electric i termic,
gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat 190502
Electricity, gas, steam and air
conditioning production and supply

76675

10903

28990

65515

1100

7319

Construcii
Construction

14462

3385

708

5477

1115

149

3628

Transporturi
Transport

87900

46156

13573

19

22230

144

5778

Productori specializai / Specialised producers

Total
Distribuia apei i salubritate
Water supply and sewerage

1491591

137116

780893

517198

27879

118

28387

995279

136046

761148

83612

12807

118

1548

1039

8942

402598

3555

26286

24333

28

10803

1473

11517

512

29559

29515

41

Colectarea, tratarea i eliminarea

deeurilor; activiti de recuperare
a materialelor reciclabile
442420
Waste collection, purification
and disposal; activities of
recycling materials recovery
Activiti i servicii
de decontaminare
Activities and services
of decontamination
Comer cu ridicata
al deeurilor i resturilor
Wholesale of waste and remains

Administraie public / Public administration

Total

2522208

58224

2043403

258944

5023

2622

153992

Administraie public central

Central public adminstration

1191493

47246

1002029

2020

140198

Administraie public local

Local public adminstration

1330715

10978

1041374

258944

3003

2622

13794

33

1.18

Cheltuieli curente interne pentru protecia mediului, n anul 2011

Internal current expenditure for environment protection, in 2011
mii lei preuri curente / lei thou current prices

Sectoare de activitate
Activity sectors

Total

Prevenirea i combaterea polurii,

pe domenii de mediu:
Prevention and control of pollution,
by environmental field:
sol i ape
subterane
aer
ap
deeuri
soil and
air
water
waste underground
waters

1019645

8656674

Protecia
resurselor
naturale i
conservarea
biodiversitii
Natural resources
protection and
biodiversity
preservation

159410

182419

Alte
domenii
Other
fields

Total

12095325

365122

1712055

Total

2413346

192051

224415

198643

82126

163903

1552208

25734

24512

1218

143625

15016

31687

8174

3336

57242

28170

1947192

143241

144335

145385

18849

70226

1425156

30727

32905

31826

30164

3006

85403

Productori nespecializai / Non-specialised producers

Silvicultur
i exploatare forestier
Foresty and logging
Industrie extractiv
Mining and quarrying
Industrie prelucrtoare
Manufacturing

Producia i furnizarea
de energie electric
i termic, gaze, ap cald
i aer condiionat
214031
Electricity, gas, steam and air
conditioning production and supply
Construcii
Construction

75717

2158

14798

13052

28724

8520

8465

Transporturi
Transport

7047

907

690

204

1053

397

3796

Productori specializai / Specialised producers

Total

8899850

60481

624472

8037217

65259

1040

111381

668269

13340

575220

61092

17332

817

468

5604801

4746

32827

5447580

21027

203

98418

62505

16141

11555

24435

10374

Comer cu ridicata
al deeurilor i resturilor
2564275
Wholesale of waste and remains

42395

284

2516990

2465

20

2121

Distribuia apei i salubritate

Water supply and sewerage
Colectarea, tratarea i
eliminarea deeurilor; activiti
de recuperare a materialelor
reciclabile
Waste collection, purification
and disposal; activities of
recycling materials recovery
Activiti i servicii
de decontaminare
Activities and services
of decontamination

Administraie public / Public administration

34

Total

782129

112590

170758

420814

12025

17476

48466

Administraie public central

Central public adminstration

225203

110181

22090

22856

10604

16868

42604

Administraie public local

Local public adminstration

556926

2409

148668

397958

1421

608

5862