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f;apitolul I
v,o'Pgffi;s fu cswelT[s BwLABSR.ATOR

E"$f'{
1",1".''Gf;$ftFR'Aii
. Vop-sircemansrialclorttxtilc prcsupune,t+aasftrul colorantuluiin forml mole-
etnlarSsa'u,ionie!'dfulfaffi'eretcct'l5 'dispQra'it,
{sol'ug'ic, start gazoasXin fara fibrE'
urrnatrdc difssis gi fixarcain intcrior,ulflbrci prin leglturi fizicesau chirnice.
f,ormafdin colorant,rncd,iu{
A,nsa,nnffi,ui dt vqpriregi fibrE?ncareaFarinterac-
liuni fizicc sau chimicc'cuoblincraade materialtv,opsite se nurnegtesistemrinc'
toriai-
Frescripliilcgcncralrpcntruvopsireamaterialclor textilesint indicate?nSTAS
5777-88,cap-l. in ccle c urmeazi vo,slprezentaalte aspactespccificepentru
rnaterialclc,ttndfih,p*atm coloranf.isa'uPentrusistcrnultinctorial.
1.1.1. Materialele textifie sub difcriteformede prezeniare {fibri, fir, te-,:tl-
l* p'lane)vor f,i ta prcalabilpregEtitdltrid,rofi{iaato, fixate) dup5 indicafiile
l,bi.tg,
p'rs"*otatt'h diiscipt'ina dc,a'lbitorie9r aprcturHgi in STAS5777-88'
, ill|stgiaielc textile condif,ionafe(201?o,C;65+7o UR) se vor c?nt5.ricu o pre-
cieit dc 0,01 g, i'arpcntrg d'gtcr.mi'n,Xrrianaliticecu prcciziade 0,'0001g' ?nvederea
ca{crd'uluicam,tit5lilords coloranfi9i auxifianl'
1,tr;2. Colora,nqiigi pigmen{ff dcstinagi industrieitextilecuprindo paietSlargi
din punct de vcderete,hdo,gir sl cCIloristic, fii,ndfehricaliin rnii de cxernplarepe
'Fenfir,u exist5o documentarie
p,tanrnondia,l" a'n* orientain $urnaacolora'n{'ilor
tehnico-gtiingificfi forrnat5din STA$ur'i,cartelt,norrn'e interne,darcearnaicupr:in-
eHtoa,re la n,ivelinterna'lionalestecolec[iaCOLOURtNDEX.
1.1.f.1. ST#r$-usilereglementear5 problernele privindconditiiietehnicede caii:
tate, rne&odeie deverificarea calit5gii{finefe,concentratie, nuanteiest reetstenr-eie
rnat*riarlul,ui vopsit etc":).marcarsaiatn'balarea, d*pozitarea,transportul,Iermene
de garaqtie
g.X"2,g",Ca$elelesi nornne$e imternedauindicatiicu privirela nuantele vcpsir"iior
{rnostre};la proccdeele,dc aOlicarE, vopsirilorsauaiteproprietEti{uri-
la r.calsten!etre
'ln.u,neiecaruri,stnt pr*ent.aie
o* **'uohi*{4* specifice fier5ruicolorantindividual.
gi eiiagrarn*de corela$ie procwuluitinctorial.
a ,pafafnetr,ilor
Fentr{refectuarsalucrfiriiorprivitoar*ia o anumitXclasHda coioranti,?npre;,i;-
b,rl,vsr fi consultate, in mod ob[igelrsriu, c*rteleie9i 5TA5-uriieaf*'er:te{?nsr':;::'i
$T7i-88).
g.1"e,3" Cs3$msr $ndes-u$ eeteo colecfi*deinformafiidespre struciur&Elapilc;t"rt
 -2-

cci*rar:iiler,pigrnenlller gi interrnediarifer.
*dltatHde AsocialiaAn+ericanE a Chi-
mistilorText!listl9i Cotorigt;{AATC{} si cieSccietq-tea Vopsitorilarei Coloristilor
{5n[] din Ang,$ia.
D* exemplu,{olour Xndex-ul {ed. a ll-a, 1956)aretrei pXrti{?npatru voiume
si r.rnsuplirnentdin 1963)carefurnizeaa$ urmHta*releinformatii:
Fartsa[ (vol.lg;il] - clasificarea substantelor colorante colora,nf!,
[interrnediari,
pigmenll)cu utilirilrilelor tlpice"descrienea intensit5lilorce se oblin l,avopsire,
rezisten!ele vopsirilor ;
Farteaa !l-a (vol.lll) * chimiainterrnediari:lor. pignn*nlilnr;,
colorangi,lor,
-
Farteaa t!l-a (vol.lV) indexuldenumirilorcomercialearanjatealfabetic,
alHturide infornratiidespreproducXtor; clasatehnologicH a colorantu,lui
Sicorespon*
o e r r l e lceu p l r t i l eI s i l l .
Pentrua localizaun colonantin Cof ur lndexse pleaclde la denumireacon:ler-
cial$(parteaa lll-a) gi seohtin datelefurniratede prirnele douHp5rti. De *xernptu,
pentrucoloranturl Eenzylbordeaux B (Clba),Colourlndex-ulindicXCl Acid Red 3
si se g5seste TnparteaI ia p.i[}S2,iar structrirachirnic5 in parteaa l[-a, la p.3066
{cr14S10): i, ,.;,,
Vopsirea uni{orrnXeste asiguratHprintre afti factori ;i de sol,ubiliaarea
sa,Lr
dispersare*corect5a colorantilor. Se vor urrna strlct, ?n acesti,sens; indica!,iile
preaent*te?n docunnentafii'lementionatemai sus. Soluiiiteini,l,iales vor,prepara
cu concentraliade 1 g/l sau i0 gl {clntHrirease va realizacu e,preciziede 0,S002
g), astfel ?nc?tvolurneler"lecesareprob*florde lahorator,mHsuri'tec?t rnai precis
cu biuretesau pipete,sE confiinXcantitXtilede colorantpropusei',np'realabilprin
retete"Fentru color:antiiinsolubiiise tor prepa:rs
dispersiimai:concentrate {2CI-30
g/l) di'n oares* vor prelevavolurnecorespunzXtaare vopsirilorindividuale,dupE o
agitareprealahilX a sistemul'ui
dispers,

r.?. s$sTHftfitjs_
Tlh,cToffi
$&,1
regete$orde vopelr,priaepuizare{dt*centiffiffE}
9.3.1. flaficEnf;u$
Se va consideramasaprobei*f (S) falE de cerese exprinn5 in p (%) colora,nt*l
saLtalti auxiliarisi volurnul b$,iidc vopsile, P (rnl). 5e defines.temadulul ca fiind
rapartul eiintreunitatearnasic5de rnaterialt'extif{g r* kg} +i vsulrtul b$ii {ml Earu
I) sa* ca nurn*rul{f{}, ca,r*arats de ctte ori,vofu,rnulbEiieseenra,innared*cit rnasa
rnaterlaluluitextif, pfistr?ndu-seaceeagicormpondenlHfntre unit5.til*de m5sur$.
Deci, volumul de flotH va {i: V = tr{ . j[d (rnl sau l]
hl,ecesarufde coisrant, C i?n gnime pentru cond'igiile de'l*,borator)va fi: C =.
.,tf
t,{?i,i (S}"lil'? carese va gEsi ?nC -1|,3 sau 1S .p.M ml soiuliede 1g/,1ari
in (' lir3 saup. M ml soluliede 10 g/1.
*ac5 retetaesteindicati ?na {glf}, atuncipentruJl4g de rnaterialva fi nec*sar
 '1il$dea tll 'Niaq-,t3$ul
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e?ogr,IrpBdaEredeeo asJn grnsg* aa nru'qla'S Fdett i::l- uud ag
ul rCIlalssrc;aulnpde Rluelsucrsereuld'uegry
,,3 jr,1"", nr*oo aErusdon6ndu.r1l
ft3' n = u* n"9 s*iltr' d' w = w
"{*rur*Stl1is-rif ' y,g'd= fir tlts$ s-SI "
i 'ellllEto'j l'llp
as ^(1/E}u nes
ap lnress"u X?eslfl3tsr
sun n? '?t nes ,.4Inrsnlonnrluada{uetrsqns
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n3 fi$e|$ {yo} forn* saro:duggllul arer (9} zu 9g|1,
n^rXuad ,o;1,leulnsuo]Etol' ap [nunlo^ 'tpautnr.lr''1gsa{ Fun,!!'g.1ElU
"rrr ' :epele,tn3
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ap
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r*eaa:a *p liul r{ue.roloexoflnur le,ul llrgpodr.uo: 1e
'riuan;os roqe e nes ede ap rcFrcd'en eriqrosqe u'|'tdgu1't'u"te4ap
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as rf B4l1 ltqrsol)e ,,,q1lt "girudi lnulnlon
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f* {frr} d In*iills^ *"rp1cdue.re;1p
ep eassulF,H{ap 1*f*ltsf}
1F 0l 3Pq*nPs
uErse3 BA?5e3irer$xne
1nri-01..o'i,g'trf ut Y rla 1 aparinlmiruT' Fu' ti
'3y arqiuc* arE?W" li = 7t Intl*n:lQ{
;*;bna) 1se.ntrno-*ur*g *-ef "s. gg
{1J}U3di5 }3'i!,t,?ln} ?Oie3t+epou., nJ}u3d$} lenzte a3s} as toia}e?inzalsaret}airje
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'l.ate1eoldxa
a,p nEs prsolsj ap eiuaxuear) alrsdoAisl?snFo,rdrr.rrsolor lndrull ul rles {ar{eruqel
ff,p np$ anffo;ougetraiualarzarJareor:a1lnJolrJsrlnle.rd1ndwll ur a3fi"llri,l]rs etrzU
rF?rsrlssel eluelsrzejelj Bs arnqarl alrrxal afelerJaleuJ
ari alezrlea"ralr.rrsdo4
{mtrppdonapirratslzai}roprsdonpalsaryfqps5'fi'n'1u
"rg 'elenprzalralo{4
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el ner e^ ss
un el enpp en'as rd gTol$lul ; eladrd nf, snl sA es 'n.tatrrer Brntre.radural
'*,1tsdonreqotd p eiplreotrsnr eereSe"rlxa e,nsdongdnp :iq erdrultrxa
Hlsnprzejewq 16
es-npururruJelapez,Ear4eur.ro1o; as rode ';u.rCISiap leios riorep un sl snlrp er\ rs r$
pA as ajrsdonap eruq urp :lapse eparord eA ?s 'lt:1retd poul ul
Hl.ol+lill I eq
'nilauJ
iJCIl0?0?0?
Et Hlfllr 'a1e1i1,u1
16apnprzar roglrnlos alnicurya - tg 1i rg larsdon ap elaiat ut
rnlnlu,eJo1oleriulualuos * lo3 % :Hrq11 u,Ltnlquerolor erierlL,??uorexsefa :arp) ul
,Erq$ElloeI
(#_n) ffi=,, :rallPleJeeJlsslo}
aundnsard frgs ut rnlnru,rroloarar{ei1ua3uo) aJeumre}epap gprdel po}au:
f 0
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e rrolela pqinr o nr poderdut 3tlleu.,o}
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-o1o.r1radsnes JrJlatrrrJolocoloj 'arrsdo,n
flsurruJalep arie.ilua)uol .erJnpl$ aluleur
,a",
rsdopp?req ajolor
urrntnlu *;il:l_L::il.;il,i,:Hil"
e1ie,1u
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uo) earapardelioprdn;oseJeJleultJ
uoletrpHq.ln;o nr podu ul e3i en as ralderlLraf
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'n) rn;n1ue,ro1o:
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pg*,nlpa3uo3 eat"uflu*aaafi 'g"e'T
ezltaialeodasagfnps ug!a.1fi:}{rsi&lo3
]o1T aP aiel?qe o fi3
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f g{IflS His!3lfi1je rillr.unlel eiiletErrer:/gjotq !"Hz?ururnlel eiualsrzar:0g-g0/g
gd* e1riu*Ssrrti:EE-96/0Triua$ralapnr areledse; eiualsrzattLg:L1tEareleds
e{,s$u*3etr*.l:r*ea$!rr,ul ?l?p,rpuels urFzPard.riualslr+-.r
.u]1pina.rgr,,.nJ}uaq!
,rllsnl rp a.lgllutli 1111 ,t:slt]tpr,u
.-,.:. ,,. ,. . ,, : 1puor16l:g1a1duro3
gt*N.erde.,Bpaprepu?}s
fi+i|.-1F1*:aae ap ro?p3lpulun ?z?alrpats ,!enuV 'Fulwni el
Jt3trniu*1*ree.i"lfi?e; $t nr?saqlap 8Js?5na t6'gpar*n ajels ut roleluauteleltr
Inzes
uL '{I*-fi!*t $VlS} r*$,ap illg}F ;n;otrnfaar er*a1r{os$al?le,rp}eured a?reppl
r

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coi*rantil*r,pigrroengitror editatHd* As*cia$i*ArnericanH

gi intermediarilor. a Chi-
n"risrilorTextiligti9i Co,lorigtl ' {AATCC) si d* SocietateaVopsitorilor9i C*lori*iintt
' ,' .
{S i l t } d i n A n gti a .
Se exenrplu, Co$*urIndex-*!(ed. a fi-a, 1956)aretrei pErtiitn patru voi*m*'e
si un cuplirnentdin 1963)carefurnireae$urrnXtoarete infcrnratii:
Partea[ {vot.lsi tl} - clasificaree substan[elcrc*lora*te(interrnediari,
colora,nfi,-
pigmenfi)cu utilirXrilelor trpice,descrisnea ce se obtin la vopsire,
intensit5&ilor
reristenfele"vopsirilor; :::
-
F*,tea a l[-a (vol.lll] ehimiaint*rnnediarilor, pig,rnenlilor;
col;oranti,lor,
-
Partea* l!l-a (vol.fV) indexuldenumirilorcomercialearanjatealfahetic,
alXturide informatiidespreproduc5tor;clasatehnolcglcia colqrran'tufu.li'si corespon-
g ..t :r : ' -
d e n t e l ec u p Xr ti l eI g i !1 .
Pentrua loca,liza un colorantin Colourlndexse pleac]de la denumireacorner-
ciaiX(p*rt*a a lll-a) si seobtin datelefurniratede primeledbuHp5rli. De exernplu,
pentrucolerantulfiieneylhor"deaux I (C?ba],Cololurtnldex-ulindicECl Acid Red 3
si se gffseste ?n panteaI fa p.1S92,iar structurachimic5'inparteaa [l-a, ta p.3066
{cl l4eio):
VopsireauniforrnXeste asigur*tHprintre af;i factori gi de solubiliaareasarl
dispersareacoreetXa coloran$ilor"5e vor urrna strict, ?n acest sens; indiceti'i{e
prerent*te?n docurnentaliilemenfionarte 5e vorrprepara
mai sui. $olufiileini.t'iale
cu concentrafia de 1"gft sau 10 g[ {c?ntHrirease va tee'lizacu o preciai'e de 0,0002
g), astfel?nc?tvoluaneleneccsareprobelorCe laborator,,nHsurs'te c?t rnai precis
cu bluretesau pipete,sH con!,ln5canti,t5|ilede colorantpropuse1',nprealabilprin
insoluibilise vor preparadispersiimai concentrate(20-3S
retete. Fentru color,antiii
g/l) din carese var prelevavolunnecorespunrH,toare vopsirilorindivlduale,dupX o
agitareprealabilXa sisterruluidispcrs.

TlruCT$ffit&,$-
1"3"S{STHMUL
retetelor de vopeke prin epuizare{discensimu5}
$."3.1"flaf;cufiu$
$e va consldenarrasa pnobei*f (g) fafX de c&rese exprimXin p (%) colprant*l
sau alti auxiliarisi volumul bsii de vopsire,1' {rnl}. $e definegternodutllltcafiind
rapartu! dintre unitetearnasic$de rnat*rialtextil ig sau.kg)gi v l*rr*u{bHii {nrl sari
[] sau ea nurnHrul{ff}, carearatfrde c?teori volurnulbEiiessernai nnar-e dec?tnr*asa
rrrateri*luluitextif, p5str?ndu*seaceeagiccrmponden]5 intre unit5titede mHsu"r,S"
D*ci, vclumul de flotX va {i: V = tr{ . M'{rnl sau l}
Necesarufde colorant,C {?ngrar$r pentru conditiilede laboratpr}va fi: C,*.
. W {S}"10'?careee \rag5siin C '1*3 sau 1S 'p' M rnl solufiede 1 5ll *ri
y;{V0.1
tn (' iitl sau p . M ml sclufi* de 10 g/1.
*acE reletaesteindicatXin a tgltl, atuncipentru&{ g de rnaterialvafi necesar
L-
-?-

v<rlurnuB lr,= I{.fui ear.t$:a ffin$ine ff 'M"e'}i}-sSt*I*-3Y-*nt ixencrai

ffi;;1 eo* wegssitn rr"Sd"e rnt*o$uli* de i g/t s*trirxf{ '.&f'c'}'s*r mt
selullec$t10 gll.
intre v<*lsmul'F"{m{} p
fiant1t*til *u *-e di*''fletad* vopsirev&'fi dif*r*n!*
*uxl*a cfuantutut gi,*uxiifia'r,iior nqcs*rl''ta*pslrii
t*l).
u***Jo1ur.i;t" ;
?nfibrgs*'poitc exprirna'in rng/gs&u: tn glk* fibr5''
Colaramt
'FJ :ul J,ifuaat
"i***ior,ea
efrcienfeiSr eti{iser' sfoloeqt*gradafde'
a b$ii.dc',vopsi.rs
nreisi@u epa{xareacare dntrecantitstiledc eole
rcpr*siatS'rape*u{'
wariz*r*sau
$orbitEau6*"i po f,a"H{*r,}.ri ,::l
ra,n,,,,a
,,sxistfpf
?* baiainisiatE{*r}, exprimate
=
?,nac*leagiu**i.t$gi d* nn*su;G";il"*, y*) raportate[a ma$afibrei:% ep*itbre
:'
ffi!:1$3{rn,'.
'
p,, a*cxtill3j,:--:^j,:Yf:,
sprbid,cotorant{yi
Epr*olso!* 'laech'fiibru
intreeonly$Iia colwantului
derepartiti{,f{, clre u*po*intxraportur
tiu* eT kJG --u m6ft*3 piin fretEreeidui{H' cf' tg/l saurnelll}'
"1n ,
K = cf fw,u'c!
pentrueplorant,tlkg9i s*
tn car,e.-s,prgpte*intsvotumu$specifiea{ fibreaccesi'bil
;;#;;ir erl- a,bscrbgiava'porilorde ap5'sau a altCIrsoluengi
'i#p*ra*iv
Fentr,u*t*aio* al c*rnBortXriirvreirnuttorc*isranti {afH de'aceeegi
co{srantse pca,teneglij* vaiearaa
6forxt*ti'[6 o* , rnei mu]tor fis-f*fe,]6de acelagi
vo!'umuluisPecific'
wepsireapr\ f f;$ard*re
re,te*etwEerstr,a*
g.?'3, Calcs*w$
Volumu;de flstf; ncesar pentru tr:atarea*tterial'ui'uicu ma$&${ {g} la un
p (?*%, sdic*rn{ssts reti*utHde trssg rratmiai}secaleuleaa$
gr,adde pr.ctrna**
iu refagia:V - $x{'F'1$*2 m'rl'
dc f{otEcsmsusnfft,
vcit$rn$l lt, ' pent'ru
$mcanult,raf6ii un*i gessturin*mled*, iesecffi
tra*a*cama*e*i*r* i es*Lir I* **rx &E{gi carein-tr$?nproceseu Fs{%} $
Ft {%} vafi:
u. = M{Fs_ F_i.ts-? rni
*e substanleloc dlr*re$ttadev+psireexprirnatH ?np{$b}
rn* co**
necesaru{d* xub*tange pentruwolumul &rsaukL cu unm
u*u* 4g/r);#**t**ss
ciinrelatiiie:
??a:H F" r$f'
'^
I **s ftffx slt s e' &t " t{)*$ s&u 3#-* {i* Sre&xe}'
vrs= e' Y'' 1'$*s seu

poaterealira$ie
Hf,*n{inara a volumelorfistelortn timpu*vopsiriise
csnsrtrsntg
pe rnHsur$
g* pri* adassde apx fier,bisafle eese evapsr$apadln fiota
Brin reft*xare,
textil* se agit$ continuueu n'teRtin*rea
tn serhene.?n $cvrpulvopsirii,materia$*ie
 -+

la,viloar,e*indicatH
$eva rnenlineconstan,t5
sub nivalullichidu'lui.Temperatura
c u o a h a t e r ed e * l o C .

L.2.3. Detenmlnarea concentrafie! coiorantului?n solulie sepoatereali;a

f'olosindo cr*rbbde etalonarea
sau spectrof,otornctricX
pe cafe fo.tocoiorirnetricH
colorantului(v. metodain Chimia an.aliticfi. Flotele de vopsirese vor aducein
flacoanecotate de volunneadecva,te,ia,rdu-pi colorirnetrarevalorileextinctii,lorse
vor coralaprin intermediufcurbei de ,eta,l.ona,re
cu Goncantra$ia color,a,ntulsi.
in fibr6 sepoaterealira
\.2.4. Determinareaconceht,ratieicclorantufui
.-
pe ma i m u l t ec 5 i :
.* pr"indieoivarea,unei masede fibre vopslte'lnt-unsolventconvenabil9i colo-
rimetrareasolutiilor;aprecierea concentraliei seva face?nraport iu o cuibEetalon
trashtHpentnucolorant?nacelasisofvent;
- prin calcuiarea diferenteiiRtreconceniratia colorantului in baiade vopsire,
?naintegi dupb vopsire,concentraliedeterr"ninatX fotocolorimetricsau spectrofo-
tometricin*"raport curo curbEetalona colorantului; co,ncsntratia inilialSdin flotH
estecunosc,utd din conditiilede preparare a b5ii;p,ontrudeterrninarea concentratiei
colorantului ciinflotelereziduale, sevor aducela un flaconcotat,de volumaciecvat,
flota retidualXde'vopsire gi apele.desp,Xlareafe probeigi se va colorimetra.
O metod5rapidXde determinar,e a concentraliei colorantululin fibr5presupune
folosirearelagiei:
{!=
ffi(t-fr) scottsribrd,
tn care:cJ *$t conc*ntratiacolor,antuluiin fibrX;% col -concentralia colorant'uJui
?n releta e.levopsire;E, gi 6; - extinctiilesolutlilorrezidualeFi iniliale, citite la
fotocolorimetru.
Tn nnodpractic,se va procedaastfei: din baia de vopsirese va tua l" m{ flotH
gi se va dilua la un flacoclcotat de tr"S0 rn[, apoi se coicrinretreazE deternrin?ndu-se
extinetiaE;;dupHvopsiregiextragerea cu stoarcere a probeivopsite,baiarezidualE
se va rEcila ternpera'tu,ra se va truacu p,ipeta1 rnrlflot5 9i se va diiua ta un
cannerei,
.ilaconde lSS rn[, complettndu-se la eernn;se determinXfoto,colorimetric extinclia
f iot e ir e z i c i u a lE
e,r.

L"ft"fi. StabilitateavCIpsiri$on
{ rezistemfele
vopsiri$cr}
Vopsir.ilerealizatepe rnaterialeletexiile trebu.iesX fie r*sist*nte [a s*licitsv
{ieicesi chir*ice?n timpu! prelucrbrllorulterioare{reristen}etehnologieesa* de
iabr"icafie) sau ?n tir*pul fol+siriiproduselorvopsit* {rezistentede folosiresau de
erpl o a t a r e )
Metocjeie de determinaie a cjiferitelor
reuistente
icirca 45) s?ntstanciardizate,
aFrecierea reeuitatelorse face vizuai at?t penEru rcsdificar*aculCIrii.c?t si'pe*tnu
 : -5-

cedareaFe rnatrlaiele?nsotitoareci.rajutorul sc5rli de gri {$TA$ $SS*-fi1}.;rr

I
cazul tratarnentelorTn stare urfledE,gi cu s{ara de aXbastru ?n caenrf.rejist*ntri*r
la lurninE,Anual,se editeazHun indicatorde standarde careprerint,H Eve*tr;*i*te
rndificXri,
compietEri si conditiileconcretcde lucru, i"' '' ' " ',r,
l
Pentru'cltcva. di,n'ietistihlc pieeiz5rnstandardcfcihr vigoa,ru;rc!{sleafaiia
._
spHlare5707-87;rezistenfala spllare cr.,r detergenti10798-85;rrristenta $e *p$
5705-80;rezistenlala h"rmina rilci 5TOFB7;rezistenfala lurninaartifieialX6?13*#?

1
{

I
 -5-

Capi,tolul3
VOPSTREANiIATERIATETCIR
DIRECTI
cEr-ulouICncu cotoRA'.NTI

?"1.GENERALITATI
Coloran.tiidir.ecfisau substantivivopssc fi'brefecelu'lozicepe baza unui ms-
canismde adsorblieinternH.$e forrneazX leglturi dc hidrogen,interacfiunipolare
{dipot-dipol,di,pol-dipofindus)si nepolare.
Colorantii direcll s?nt sHruride sodiu ale acizilorsulfonicisu carboxiiiciai
organicide tip azoiccu structurageneralER-SOslUasau R-COONa,
unor coff|purgi
'disociabile
?n rnediulde vopsire.S?niugorsolubiliin apX9i prezintHgradediferite
de agregare ?nfuncliede temperaturX si de naturaadaosurilorin mediulde vopsire.

2.2.FNMTEAEXPHRIMENTALA

2.2.L Vopsireadiscontinu5(prin epulzare)

de vopsire
2.2.!.t. Farametrii
vopsiriin
Influentadiferitilorpanarnetride vopsireEeva studia etectuinciu-se
co n d i t i i l ep r e ze n ta te
i n ta b e l u l2 .L .

Tabelul2.L. Ferametrii *u tolorantidirecti

vapsiriidiscontinue
Parametrulstudiat
Concentratie p{-l TOC
Parametruf colorant electrolit

C.oncentralia
- colorantului,% fl,2-X.0 33
- etectrolitulul,% .10 $-?0 10 tro Lu
Msdr*luf 50 50 25-200 50 50
pH-ul t f ? 5-9 I

?ni qor t nt
Reginrde ternpe- 4CIo
C: LS0"C;1$S0 C;700 C{1S'l
qC 9aoers{g{J'}
eer*
raturH,

Tratsmente a. spll$,ri cu ap6 rece,cald5-slpuriire.clXtire

*iriaie b" sp$l$ricu apE rece,caldb-retnatare"clHtire

Procedeele d* STAS5777-88pentru c*!**

de v*pslrediscsntinu*'reconrandate
rantii direci.istnt prezentate
?n tabeiul2"2.
 *t-

Tabeluf2.2. Procedeede vopsirediwontinul cu calaranli directi

Fracedeul
Conditii cu Na2CO3 in mediuneutru c* Ne3POa

Colorant,7o g &
Electrolitneutru,% 4-48 rt-/t0 &4S
SubstantialcalinX,% 0,?-? ?-3
Modul 50 50 50
Temperatur5, oC .F--40o c$gs"c19J95'c{re"c{rCIs
c-.
Tratamentefi,nale con'formtabeluluiz . t

$e cfcctueazEo vopsirecu Solocolorant?n condfiile procedrclorment.ronal.e

mai Eus.DupI terminarea vopsirii,?nsoiutiareziduallse introduc!o ,,ouEmcstr6,
de rnaterialcare se va vopsiln condilii identicesi, apoi, altele,succesivnini ia
epuizarea b5ii, cu adaosde apHcaldl pentrurnentinerea conetant5a voturnt;iu:l
flotei (hidromodulului). Se apreciazlintensitatea vopsiriipentrusariade rncs,tr.E
2"2,1,3, Termperatura optirni de epuizare la vopsirea fibrelor celulornce su
colorangi direcli
Pentrudeterminarea acesteitemperaturi, carcestespecificX fiec$ruicoior:ni
directg,icareestecuprinsX ?ntre60oCsi 1000C.seprocedeaziast{ei:- see{ect*eaa}i
vopsiridistinctela urrnEtoarele ternperaturi: 1S,60,8S 9i 100'f, cu 3"s,i, ccioi,anr.
modul 50, 10% electrolitneutru,duratade vopsire1 orI (*lectroiitulsr adaunXlr^,
portifdup5 1.5minutede la introducerea colorantului);
-se determln5fotocolorinnetric concentratia dc colorantdin fiotainitr;rii*, ;r .
c ea r e z i d u a l i co
, n fo rml n d i ca ti i l odr i n $1.24.: ?n final,se detr r miniconcr nr ;r ,l,.i
colorantuluiin fibri, stabilindu-se din graficuie,' * !{l{"; temBerataur* t* ,:,:r*
intensitateavopsiriiesternaxinnS.
2.2"'!'"4. Oe*enninareacapacite.lii de egafieere-rnigrare la vCIpsiremfrhrei*t
celulozice cll colorangi direcli
5e introducec cantltatede materiaivopsitimpreun$cu s f,an{.it;lie *fr*i.r;,ii;.
acelaginaateriaI nevopsitintr-o baiecarecontirriadosurile ne{ss,ar* i,,,(,Fs:r'* l',
ex**pgiacolorantului {flota oarhX) la rnodulul ?0.Se aduce l* fiersere sl e* i""reili,'ie
auh reflux. Se prel*veaa5 probernisi din celedor:Xrnostredr.ipia$, ;* ij::..
l" E#r n i n u t e "$ci * te stea p o ico n tra sruDl es{ ar ade gr i dintr *c*ie,*c,oIr r r *,ilr *i*i' .-
d e ti rn p si sc n a te ar Hastfel da*$dupi .ti n,li;i* .;.:,,' n1.
I a d i f e r l t ei n t e n ra l e '
cilnireceledou$ rnostreesteegafcu i p'escircld* gri rgatr;"rirase rr;i.*,r:.1.,
S ; c i u p 59 CnI r i n u t es. e n o i e a ; $c u s , * i * n i l ] 5 i r r l r r u t rc,u l . - l u s : ' i r - , . r . ' " ; ' * . ,
not e a e $c u ? . # a e $d u p S1 fi * mi n u ts,:* r !{ ;' ss{*st* *i su* J, er :lir e,} r e:l 1* r .,.:r i,jj,.:
 I

t*

*c'
n- I

Prin aceeaeimetddE.,$e p:Eai-a,a.precia s-ic.apacitatea de rnigrarea colorantilor

, c t e i eo b ti n u tep e n true g a i i zarfiinc
directin e sir nitar e.
i,;r: ,' t
i.i.,.

?.2"2. Vopsirea,prifi prCIcedeede f,u:{erda,re . : . '

'i-..-

5e vor efeatuaprobed* vopsireconfarmetapelorprezenta.te

in ta,be{u,l'?,3,
''' \
j

prin procsdee'de fita;dare :i

Tabetulz.*...Vopsiiila
., ,, ",.,0- 8lPsPdee,
". - , -..P-l0.cgd,tse,,,,",-,. I

Fazelb semtcontlnue conti,nue

Senurnirea Conditil Pad"jig i,'R,e'dx'btee,m
, lnfiad*hatch,,Rad*rsll';', I

:., ,
Impid$r ". colb'i[nt,glf' r.
iL!nctte de lntensltate I0_50_r:#
na!'e:''I - 'agent'rde ' , rr.
I
*1i,. r ., ,l ':rliriiir'i j':'
:ir ,i f. rf"; . iiir.r,i "rii,ii: i

udate,rgf:l.
- eleetrolit,.
g/l ::
- carbo.nat de l
'tt*
sod'iu,'gll l

rr,6gE;y11
"6f'sclurf
i- I ,1., ...:,1::rr: , .i.

zar*,gll 5 I
- ternperagura" !C ,2F26,*'

$toar- I grad de [re,

cgrea f*aie,P(Yu) 90:. I

inciitai- - densitateade , . ,l.ij '' tl

I
re cu lR k$lrnil
qneqpie;i ':r,ri11 I,Q,, l
t-*
- d u r a t a .5 rh
'lV
i' , - , .. , , "

'ro{hre' " ''ro[ere '

Fixarea 10 g/l 'l{aC:ll 8- 1' 0m in' .. l

1S'40mflf depozii"' "'dd$ti1;' ,lt':l'0$1'g$a^c"!

flo"td,.de- i$pe,l'1,4,
;1**s "I&f.e,,'[4,
: , ;",;'0,.1,'q',$ifrilJ
i.r. i I
fulardare rece 90oC Q-5rnin
I

g0-950c,?0-3sf 8-16 h 1r4 h lafzuiaodc''

'i:,,:: 'rL, I 1:.;':i1,,r;,, .., .;i,i;i;,.:
i
Tlatarnen*
te fine$e

i
l

5e va efeclua,ciEierrninarea 1
rer,istehtilor ie sp${ariia 4$rC'{COiifarm'STAS I
5f07-8?i pentru probefevcpsit* dup5 procedeclernention*tesi se vsr compara.
 . -s-
2.2,4" M$rirea'reziste*fel*r vepsirilorsrucstrorantidireeli prin trata-
mente uherioare
Majoritateacolorantilordirecti nu au rezistentecwxpuniioarc fie ie trata
rnenteurndc, fic la frecare,fie la lurninX.in {unctic {: destinatiamatuniaf*ful
textil vopsit tsta necesarca acesterczirtenfasX fic ?mbunXtHtite prin diierite pro-
cedeedt rgtratare,astfcl,incitsS existr o corelafirintr* durabilitateasupertuir:r
textil 9i acccaa culorii. PentruimbunXt5lirearezistentelo{ la tretamenteurnecirp;
la l,urninise recurgcla modificareastructurii colorantufuiBrial . ,rii.ir,;,,',.
- comp{$carc(tratare cu sf,ruri,metalice);
- retratarecu aldehidlformici;
- retiltare prin diazotaresi cuplare;
- cupiare;
- insolu,bilizarecq,agffili cationiqi(cornpusication-activisau rXsiniaint*trc*1
Co-ndi1,i'ih
concretede rca,lirarca acestortratamentesfnt prczentatcin t*beiu,i
2.4.
Probele'astfclrett'atatetor fi !upusetestelorde determinare
a relistenr.eicr
1a
spHlare
la 40uC,la lurn,ina,zileigi la,l,umina
artificialS,
2"2.5. ABrecier.earezultatelor
Se va a,preciainfluenfs diferi;llor.pararnetri,rventual prin cur'bei-rf'!cir eb:"11
cazul,3su'praintensitltiivopsirii,epuirlrii. egaliz$rii si rezistentelor vcpsrriic,r
:;
coioranlidi,recfi"5e va precizarne.toda de vopsireoptirnl rezult.atX cjrncon*lt,i cle
la,boratorcomparativcu cea indicat5in cartefelede colorantisau 5TA$ $if? ,']'-1
Se v o r a p r eci are zi ste n tevo
l e p si ri l or
cu ajutor ulscir ii ciegr i si de aiba:r :. .,
?nfunctiedt noteleacordatese va indicavariantaoptimsdr rrtrpl*rc.'incn,r*'i,,*
cu structurachimicEa colorantulili
 -3.S-
-i

-i-abelul
2.4. Conditiide realirarea CIpreriei
Metoda cie Cnrdiiii de realiza,re
retratare

prin cnrrplexa-
re
s070,rnod"ul
I" ?-$%K:Crz$r * i-2% CHaCOO|I'de 1:50,
2&S0rninute,spillare.
Es-g$oC,

modul'1$0,-7S-
2. 2-3%Cri$Oq* 1'20/*CHBCOOI{de 6A8/s,
sp5lare. :l
S0oC,20 n'llnute,

3. 1-7r/sK2CI2O7 + |-\%CuSOa + 1-Z%CL3COOH609'0,

)
mod,ul minute,sp#{are.
l:50, ?0-80oC,20-30
cu aidehidd 0,5-2%CHrO de 33% + 0,6-1,5% 60%,
CH3COOH'rie
fornnic# 1:50,600C,20 ninute,spXlare-
nnod:ul
prin diaaotare fiiazot:area vopsit conatStn:
materialul.ui
gi cuplare' tratarea cu 1.5-2.5%azCItitde sodiu + 3-5% Fi2$Oa
concentrat,rinodutL:!0, Ialrme20 ntirr,ute; spElareenergicS'
Cuplarea se po&te realiza cu:,' 6'n'aftolat" de sodiu
(Developalor,A,),seu c,u'Developatot 'f't, F Z^
$4,p, Cup[area
cu DevelopatolA. trataren'laterialuiui diazotat", ia rece,30
rninute, modul l.:2S, cu o solutie de 1",5%d-naftolat de
sodiu;urrneazX spXlaresi, eventua,l, o.sXpunirela fieibere"

princuptare Tratarea rnaterial,uluivopsit cu o sclrl1iede !-76/.0sare {q

diazoniu?n rnediil ulqoralcalinla rece, 30 rninute. ryodul
sp6laresl slptlnirecn o soltrXie
1:?CI;i.rrmeazd ce conline 3
g/l sHpun+ 1 g/l hla2C03la ?5-800C'
prin insolubili- 1,ts3Y0Anic#ix*, rnodul1:50, 25-35oC,?s-30 rninr*te;
zarecu egenli nu esteabsolutnecesarX.
ulterioarX
spXlarrea
cationic!
 *5i*

flm,e,* ss'$
$
ffi,w ,Kffiffi
& eflffiffiffi.H&eH3;#ffi
ff,ffi;S* iWffi tr#ffi.WffiHg Rffie HgVg
%

3*,9."m ryffi..wil
r,#$ iini ,i f* g',er**r@,*n#plol*F*X,tn tar,*; g..- g,ri*p5
iuh'i{harirtf;s#fmic}; Col -:,g*ks{&,de,,ce-f,araltt {trl
asid:;,L'-,pun&*de,*.eg,'.$*us,$;
,H,,*$f l$a.r,ea.c,t,ivH,,,{*,te,g..ti
& a*,ql;n*i.,,pe,*ieti.s,ii d,*,fua!+,ggn
s#rJ
gilr$parasrh .$',
vtryl'tce}.
a csior:angilor
srructu,rai5
C,o,rurp*exitatea reaetivise reflectH?n tehn*i*giade
,"cs,ffi'$ine 'd*'r,efi
p i*c,ip
searna'?n gi substantivitatca
[i,v,.ita,*e* c*l*rmntit*r
& *w"tr or,icmrt$ei , sfiei#,ii ai&eeaie{atfi cll stfiu#,twae&l,mir$gi dcnt*rniri$ec,*-
il'eaileieot,o*an$iifor
r,,muar,ai oares:
e$&eu,rmt$'
$eader,eaet'i:nifi*&ea

S.{,e'lr 'r;iedifi:isi> ,B,f arpiri'm'idlm,i*,l } ffiie$*r&insx*iinici ' >

F.rscion 'ft/trX Dr.irnarenK,R; Verofix; l_evafix EA
,r, ,. , :.
*r;
fuetv,,flf.ix. ,,. .,,;:
F Vi'n,iXm,l#,onlci) ftfro*cclcr-
) ,t-luortnazl,n,rc* F Sicisrpirimidiruiei
*' ' trlaainici Tri***,rpiri rcleJ
imi* i
Lr&acrgm:t : KMAESX::: 'ffiiimarer'r
Cibaersne;P , H,"X
Sazilen f,,P {ibac,r*nT
: .,I ,F'rgeiom
M"fi4f;
e,:gt'#stafi,'iwi@is j *e*diliiie d,* ap{icareesfisq}mtH?rr
C.o-r,**a'r"sa*,,i'v,,i#i$..*i.i
,ryi
,.. rijo*t
sifu,erye.r,
{mic#} {marei
fles{ *fierita***;1,
ffi,ea'si,iv.lgs
?n,r*edit:a{ea$igi
$,.tsfuitita,tea

p**tr* *ne*mqddi*esmtin{t*
ffie"sr,r,l,a-mds{i

irl,:,prirmar*
Rec
, .-': ; --- pro*ede* de fff,$ard*s8,*'i
p*r.asru
Ha1t,ii -
de ,$md*pt$'rtare
ffs*sriillea s fsrme! hldreinis*'te

ffig'r*re*
?magH,w*{ixs*x de {ir* pr"in{*gfiixri**v;ci**,1*
re,effivisn't s*.fff,bili
f,s,{sramr$t
ruds *m ar,el*c ?* m,ediurqeu* r.u,i*r r**'rii* cu f*'hre?* n:*rj'il aieeir*
p#g f; apii**ti prt* prp*e*e* *ise#*f;if"iii*, sernl;;'ri:i1ili';* ii
t#lcfan_tii ,r-*a,etiv+
*&rx'EtffiLie"
 -12-

3-ft. p&ffiT".ffi&
HKpfiRWETT&L& :
.. ,.
' , -.. , - ,.:,'r' .
r . ,t ,
,

. , ,' . . ,' ',:

: . . , :.. . . .'
'
a',
eove4$e,aft,,e
a*e:te&&Bnffili
S.?.3," ffiieruee'E seectiq#i&
c{w,m$ff@r
ce9er$*riae
n st,redlrages,$ra ,cefru,lozicX eu o so[49:l*:!fu.*$
se,]fullsrd'eazH
:la,r h,pFf alca$in(10 glt c'alrhCIr,at
r+eutr.u; c.e{#a,lt'il
|laB.F$
g/l colora,ntreactiv,r.l,na
ci:rftsul san le etqv{, ia 1p0lC,@'
ie sodiu).' p ipe'lfiNucaz''Hrprin:'eHilcare '
usca,te..
?n,,p,realab,irl
20 nrinuie,pr*,h,elelfiilrd DupH**ut, pro,b'ehe *e's$pCIl,mem$,1
mod'tlll,*S ,,tinrqp.l ',[*."'mrir,mufe.
frerberecr: ? gfl, *g'er+tne'iolt',ic,
vopsit$?n mr*d,'iur
&;!ostr,a ceda prac'ticccrmpietgd.{ :a1nfid;finrlh*le
p,eu:tfur,'ira de
ia,r
Cea itxr?n,nr@'@lfua
sHpumke, ".
1x+ffitffivffi,
S"tr.$"ft. $e.pregfiltebc ,dnu:$,so,[ul$ii,,t
lgrn'tice {3% po'l,ora'nt
CI,e'wCIp,s,i,,e
e$t*s.l.lpuss?ntp'rcala.hi'|hl$o.l'.i,nejco|orarrtuiui"ad5r,rg!gd**-$$l['ls/i|lFl1;.{$!iq'r'..
rlaternrp*,r.atura
sodiu, tirnp de ?,Srl'nin,ute dtnufivrry]de ,rr.efiie
d'e5S-60tC.lm,ael'e,
g*i.ntroducn:r'ogtre.[eeJeh.r,r.r.nhacs,l..Ee.e.fect.ue,mu.Hv'jf,$}'s.i;rea;$..lr.r.up...d
i ; *l . i . r p , era tu ra d e a .xr.[]i ca ,r.e' gpof:6.i.$iecsr ul.eolor ' a..r .i.L.f,l.' ' doii]W As .dnl f,* | l w ]a
corltine aceeagif;a'nfit'etede 'Na'C'H,:ir'lfirrod'usff:'fr'trp'$ 15 nlin:u't'ede la ?nceputu'l
v*psi*.li'{",|rrn*aaXgXlpurrirea,c[Ht,rrela.s,iu!9ca'''"na.,d]wpl$ncae'.se:ar,truf,4i*a[.H.l,rrferl
uCIpsiril.

3,ft-$."S" ffi ges,Htu,r,fi,de ,burrnihfic firr nrl cslorant reacti,nxr.eiq'lst m ttl

vo:Fs,irtH
a[*a{inseupa[.6.'rig.[J:r0s]ca..la.$2'1'.l,,.A,p'*i.nnos{ase$*pt[Jine$:c1F#.,'t.f'aiba,m,mn.
nedue$teyr, tirr"lp c{e3S minurte,'[w?'Sn'ilcu o serlt*g]e ce com,tfune d,e
Sffi,[iil os'tu{#i,t
sediu qi 15% hidr,*xid:d,ersCId,iul, llmouJ 3$. $'nacesteieon:.{$liiiii,$r.N,,p,a,,
o,se.rren,**;
',!eg de fih'H @fu:lha$
{onr',ttndu^*e d*u5 arnin*, una ef.int're eie fiiir# *H',cov.alerrt
arnin*t$). ffil*,pH rsd.$cfire,,rin s$ n,nireriguneasH setndmp,&r8eaafi,a,Wr,{rn,*rnelegat5
c*vp$enfde {ibr$ :&rtateniallquJ
*e tsatearEapoi ev 26AaeCIt',i.t,dk.,stld'i*l gi .4% acid
clorhidrici* 5of, tirnp de ?ff rrinute. DupHspdJarea cu apE rece,se iritrodur:e
ir-rtr** sCIlutled'e cuplare *are sewrti'ns S% ,bet*naf,froj. $"eforrrre,a# mn c riora+tt.
*x*ie a c$r*,i*ula*re poate:$i,d,i.ferit, qnrctm.ts
dc:,;*[ecapeJ,$['im:*$
de a,,c*.*pra*r.ts,$u,'i cu
Etruciursar"ninei legatHde fibre ee[ulos]eE, dat si eea& fisrftpoftsfitei ,rjecup[are.

3.?"k.4" f,e*ulozaanninatXnorn,f*rrn.$,S.?.1.'3. eg.te?,mrmediua,cidc* 3?-

s,e.v*,p
cculmr*nt acie[,S% acid a'aetl,r,1$9*'siififatdc *CIdiu,s"modul50, tirnp cJe3$ rn'itt,ur.t*
la fierhere.Celui*zaanuinatE capEtH irrsuslr*e eiea se vepsicu e*.|*railtuia':id. ;*
*eie{f * #tS-ft}
i r:icefibr,5-eer*,*ramt,{C*$*S,
l:airs c'*ryrbinr,Erli

3"2"?. Wmpsk'**dls.fi{}$$ger?,'ss#
CsreianearepctivttXtli *e*paracretr,iipr*e**urisri{$i*csr}tinr:ud* vopsire po**e f,t
r e p r s r e n t*i Ia stfe i :
 1+

{nn,ic$} qr**re.}
ft**ativita,tea

{qqFgii, Pry:i
flF}}--Js*ryry
deetqrrr$rygllj,lg,6l!
fn,s#W+ees$
Temperatura frxHrii ?qoC
?0oC
12$rvrin Suiata 6$ min

S*,vor alegntrci coiorangide rnare,rnediegi rnic$efinipte si se vor rra{irn

3"?.9.1.. Coloranrgide nnarereacf,i-vitas:e,

- r -
an-qC ,gS*.",* *fi99*-- i?0sC
,f-T Tt T f

S.?"2.?"Coloramfide nnediereactivita&e
!
l0o6-*19*n-*l0oCt'5$'n ggo63!Y - . ,{;ery'--**6gog
illl
3% coforant 50 g/l NaCl3.5g1Nfua3{CI3Trat
nnaterlal (portii) finaie

de rnrf;c$reec*ivigm$e
S"?,P.$. f,w*wsmssti

. d-nor*11***400Cl'ul$"'ggog*3-T*n*.-su:l"*!,guE
*rt \."ry
r

I Lut*ist $ur* l* sll ffimfriln s,ur

**,o,u** Tret
fca7f,*3

:_ ffi*pHvopsire,urn"reae5sp$t#rienergic*pi r*petateaerapX r***, *p& *ai*;ii

{40"C}, ap*i tratareels firyrbEr* cu i-? gl$ r,gentmei*nie,h$n5*,e:rttpr$* }{i
r r,sti'r,t'urte, eu apli caldXsi r'ee*.
spH'lare
HmsexeNagm
S"R"ft*4"" p,$$-m$w[ @s$sps& e**waw6$$ss
ffix$s{fi re*s*$v
v*pw*ricr,r$96e*i*rar*t,?Sg1i eiesas*fi.u,
S.sv*r *.{,e.*ter* H='Sr*p*nf.rxdli*iii
$ gi} fu**|ii
{A* gli ffiafi4{S*,1Sg,,/iffiar{#:,.l1*g,li fl.ia:q$}*+,
ageniiai*a$isri
, Se mEsoarH gr!4-ui * er$lxr*i:6i
bsiislrei*,u*pnire.iar pr*b*i* "*ep*it**i**p;i
! ic!*fis*tatsavop*irii i'lt cs*l*tiq str ei;sli!"':?il-f;"
r,*as$, s* ugax*H'sise *,rualln*ae,6
flctei de vopslre
 -14-

3.g"?.5. {n.#luer',*ga'eCImeer*&r,+$.,ie,i
e$,reetr,*,ffltw$ui
a,s.c*.pra
so,r,bt$eiceh*a,mfilerr
reactivs
3e vqpsescmnst'rt de b.r,rm:haa cu 39i .eo,lora:,
t,peacti,y,ffi,-$S, fia adaosv,p*iabl,,l
de eiectrolit(0-8,0g/i ffi,aCl),h pii,nruJsta'dliuia ternperafurad'evopsiretinapde 30
minute. Din fiecarevariantE,Il2 din mostrese vor spSlafoarteriguros.fi4ostre.ie
sp5la,tesi cele nes,p5,l.ate,
d,u,p,6. gi e#,lcare;se vor,a, r'ecie prirtft,,,ifliten:gtaitea
Hi*ca,re
vopsi,riifuncli'e de concentra.tia einctrolitlr,h.lj
..
3.2.3, Vopsireaprin fulardare
Aplicareacolorantilor reactivicunoagte o ffiareextindereprin folosiresp:roce-
dee'loide fulardat*.Tnta'belel*3,1qi 3.2 sint prezentatc:rmetocilel,d,sa
csnlin,uepi

3,.:0,,-te,u,,ri$qili:fioarea:
#bservatie"$enrnificatiafit.erelora, b, c,diri ra'b'eiri,l
a * ProcedeulFad-dry-Pad.steam. D:u,pX
uscare,materlalu.l textif qefulandeaz:H
cr"io solufiece contine5-15 g1l NaoH, 100-250gil'N,aCl, ila,temrpe,ra,tura d,e
25od tirnp de 6S $ecunde,asigu'rtndu-Fe un grad de p,reluare de 100%. U,rr.-.r,parH
i l ' r t a m e n t e lfien a l e .
b - FrosedelrlPad-s*lt. fiulp,X$toa,rcore,,rnate,riaIu,,[
este,i,m,p1e,gnat tnn,r*ofilofi,H
cu concontr;afi;q de 2S.0g/i Na,CJ de ,210160oC,
si t,enn.pera,tura tirnp de l?0 secunde.
c * .Froced*ul,Fad-d,r:y*wet.Dupb rJsc,af,e, rnatsrrifi,lu,l
text,l'fs.el,r,nteg,nea,a,$
cu o soiutiece csntine5-15 6/l Na0l-{,200gll fuaCl,tirn:pde 2S-S0'r*ecun.d* !a
ter,rrperatura de ?il-60"t
$.?"4" ffietes"minarea
reeistemgelw,r
vo,pslr[,ior
Fentrri pr:ocecfeele
d;iscontinus
si fulardareeeva deternrinarea,istrenfa
la sp5,[are
la 4fi"C ($TA$ $707.87). i i l

3.2.5. A.precietrea
rezuttateEor
5 e v o r ' [a cea p re ci e p
riri vi n di n fl uenta
factor ilor ' ( p[- 1,
eiectr olit)
si a tehncf+giei
apiicate asilpra intensj,tHtiisi r;eristsnteivop*il'i[ar:.$e vor so.r,eia acestrerezultate
cu structurac*iorantuluiqi studi,iie din iiteratu!,5.
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ffrfiJU

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rv**,s arP g
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tid<{{{Fr"u * ,ei , e ; ,1
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 -37-

Capito{Bl 4
fu{ATHR"TATET#R, U
V#.P'$'{ffi.ffiA
ffiH CAffie
cW CfiT,0RANTX
cm&$r,ffiffiE'C
: ! . .: I .t :
; :.i*.

,' ,,
4"1, 6.9'ftlE.RAtlTAT'[ ' ::
,chlrnicE,'
.,Colonu .di cadiH,,rsastr'uctu',rH EecaracteriseaeH pri'nprtr' nta i'r'r
utru.tur.lor'u.ro*oforului=C=O. 5e disting, dupEaspectu! structural,cciorant.
hdig"oizigico|orantiipo{icic|ocetonici(antrachirronici}"
-Acegti
siintinsol,ubili,
co,lma,nfi tex{"i[eprin
dar pot fi aplica;tlpe nnateria'lele
in foirrre,sbluh,i{e,
tra.nsforrna,rea [a vopsircE*u prin *steri{iaarttn
prir'r,ted'ucerel
procesuNde sintez5(coloranlisolubilisaucuvosoli)'
..
4.L.L, VOpSi,reaCtf f6rfire red,Usese realirearbin patrg ttape:
; in nrediualcalin;
colorarntului
red,ucerca
- leucoderivatului
adsorb.tia sodic;
* oxidareacu refAcereaforrnaiinlyialea coloranlr.llui;
- tratamentefinale.
Reacllilecarea,uloa in acesteetapese pot sihernatiraastfti:
$olubilizare
{reducere)

tH t \ r\='r
n+aog \
R=C=O R-C=0H R-C-ONa
6 I liOfi f
are{cxidare)
lnsolubiliz

{orrne,insolubilil leucoclerivatacid leucoderivat

putrinsolubilsi sslubll
-
nesu,bstantiv$ Ylit
substanliv
nesubstantiv 9i
Reducerea colorantuluise realiaeaaEcu hidrosutfitde soeiiu?n rrn*diualc*iin
etnd are loc ,f.onrnarea
leucoderivatului sadic.{endiliile de redu*erediferHri* ia u*
solorant!a aitul gi se poate realizatr, baielungE{ciriar?s'* volumulde '*opsrr*}**tr''
?nead,Hcorlcentratil,cageapoi se di'luaez& la va3{urnu[nece$ar'
p.otap$rem
in tirn.pujred.ucsrii {ensrnene cufi1ar fi: *uprar*d*eef4s
sccl"tmdare,
deha,logenarea- saponi{icare*'
*rigtalinarea,
sa#ra. Sisterr*uitis'r*t*riaic*i*ranti $r ca*$ ii"'
ieucsd*ru,safuferi
"Aisorefra ti**{*Erai*c* u**i de sce';"'
f,msrn$,.edu*X) - fibneeeluloric*anartinesister$ei#r
cir*llr
senr:ngi *u***iu**{ tin'*toria{est*,i* pri*cipi*.simiiereu c*i ai e*j*rxnrtii*'i
**p'*{*ff xi;#.ririf ;:
**iutu**";tetea, leucoderivaliicrs*c*;ci*e bastr*s$pe forx*le
fiis";1;t'r :"
intr*riucer*ade 6r*n$ri eapa*'ii**ie x *iabili i*elturi ;is
m,S,rit$,prri,n
ti:1{l*i!&l allt ir'il*'i*
hid,rcNiilce aie eelu{*sei. $p*t:irc Serytr* lr{*ci cipi*rr'
Eirrupe*,e
 -1S-

rnarede ads*rfugie {tn eft*v* reilnerae}

pi" ?n *crrssei*tH,probleniateh,nofr*gic# de
bsxeste ahli*erea,vopsiriior sln,if.ormg.. ,, , , . ,:. ,,,:
Ox.idarea se realieeazH ?n scopu,!refaceriiforrnei i*solu,bile a col,onantului
?n
.
volumru{ intern a{ fihrai'$i, e*needi.
aparpric'i:[gerrnern{ d,e'c,rlsta$iaar*.
Ira'famlenfelefinaletn b,iiifier'bin,i d,ed*terger.r$'l au ca sco,ptrnbun&,t,Htirea
reeistenfefor vopxiriiorprlnindenHrtarea coloramtuM pri'rrs sup#,icip,{d* f;brg,sta*
f:ifiaareanuanfeiprin dess,vtnuirea pr*cesuft.r!
d,ecrista,friearbk ti ,r6,
4"4'2. Wopsirea c$ ,furffifis s[,$hlk a cf;rorstructurHgeneratbpoatefi,,siry&o*
\
|ieitH:R:C4.s03Nacuprindeetape[e.]...:,.,
I ,'':1.'., r' .,,.j,,,,,"
* pr,oprin-eisil;
" vopoi,rea ,,,,.,.1
., * dedelopgoa .tnseppr,ll,regen,erlrlif,,o.r,ffisi
i,nsohrbi,l,i ,
* tratamentele $inale
$e pcate sche,'naii;a
urrn5torulian! de reacgie;
o
R = clp * $osNd$*oHlH
ft:'i* oK lgl,R = c = o
/i

4..?"PAffiTHA
ffiXpHm'[h#HNfAL&
4.2.1. Wopsirea
cux'cotclrangi
de sad,$
4.2.3.1' Vopsireacu sotugiide leucoderivafisodici Din punctde vederet*h-
nologic,aplicareaco{orangilor
d,ecadl sefecedup5urrnXioarele
procedee:[K, [.[ry,
lit si lH speciai.
4"2.1'J.,1.'
Reducerea in ftx# scurtdsautn cadade bazfrse ef,eetr-teaa6,dup6
trei
procedee,functiede gradmfde solu,bifitate
a,lcolorantu,lui
{u:belu,l.a.l}.
Tabelul 4.L. Variantede reducere ?n cadade bazd
Calcrant f{hO'H [Sa2$20a &pX T t
Varianta kg $8q 86, I kg { + .srin

rl
1"5 s,$ 5$ 5S 1s:ii5
tr .L 3 s.75 50 6S 10-15
tll I $ 1,S }0s 6(} 1$-1"5 L

sepas*i'ic$ cu $&agent,d*udaregi apeieeadaqg,S

{olsr-antutr ap$cq te,nrper,a-
tura de 50 sauS0oCsi ca.ntit,Elile
eorespunas&oar* de i;idroxicide ssefispi,!*;dr*su6it
i* yef;1 {S*yo} Cadade hszH,,.'dup,H red,uc*re,
se,transuae,eaaX in bariede u$trsire
?nc5leitXia temperatu.ra indi'cat5in .procesul
de vopsirefn ea,,re se af,$f;
*u.nt*.t&ti:$*
 tn
* lG.

i:rdir*t* j,* r,a**!ui

ej* N,afr&*91tra;509,4r repreziniHdl{erent*l*{a1$de vair.*rii*
"
4.L.
4.2"1.1.2.Reriucerea'in fiot6lunga{in aaiade vopsirelfJoiorantui pasiiii;-rr.r; ;,-
ag*nt de u.da,r,eest* introdusin baiade vopsire{Hx?0}, TncEiait# ia temperai*r,rd*
vopsire.se adaug'H, ca'nti'tatea
necesarEde hidroxid,sub agitare,pxri* e?{"*p*.irir.

il
g , ev*,ntual,4gen{ulde egalitare.
hidroEu,l'fit,l'l
Controluldizolvlriicoiorantului sefacecu hirtieirnpregnatb cu tiaibenir-:a,
thren G carevir,eazX in a.tbastruc?nd*antiiateade fSa352#,i *st* sufrri*ni;
'Flotase rnCrllinela tennperatirra

ff de vopsireti*p du ,F3* ryrinu{e pentrr,r

r**,.,
cereacomple{5. .',
rr '

ffi-
4.2.1.1.3. Vopsiria,oxidarcasi fratsrnentelefinal* ,
Se vor efectuadouHseriide vopsirl,confornrprescriptiilcn *{ ,J,r,r r..
eiintah,*{;.ri
.av v v0
fSrI spE.larepostvopsi're, iar pentrufiecareseri*se veir*plica*rmHt*xr*ieu;r;+rrii

fl. de oxidare.
- cu 3
r t ,r
nr,l/l perhidrol {30f0),f=50-S0o(-,Ft*3S,lxJ* r"rrirrur*;
'cu L gll K2tr20z9i i,5 gll {l-fnC00t-{. ?-=5C-70*L :, l{i r,-.,rLi"q ii
i',' (ATEIUT| E: poluarea apelor!);
- intr'o flotHce conline1,5-2,5gll iUaClSn
{fi*96}si 3 g,''l{"riri.'r{i'ii ,;r
il f-70-800C,H=39,f=1"0minute*;
* c u 1 - 2g / l f S a O Cs [i 1 - 2| N a 2 C Oi ra j = 2 t r - , i 0 ' t ,l.- 1- j i i - , i i ) - , . , ,, i c "
h
iii
''U,mneazfi
detergent
sp lareacu ap5 rece,tratare&
a,n,ion',ic(eventual
{Lrsoiufii'fierhinti
s5punitimp de i$ minirtelx rn*dul3,t s;p,i-tr-*,;r,;
r;frr#r,t;r:ung;,,
;r;i,;
caid5,spHlare cu apHrece"
il- ',$u,vor urmXrivit*zade oxidare si ilLr*nta c*rEl?nd*-ss cu inrii**tr:* i:irr:r:ilriti.i
pentru;rnetodeoptirn.ildcr.oxidare,

$:
4.?.3"t. Vopsiea cal fonnre ffiesLrbstaffitive
4-,2.1.2.1.Lropsrrea
c[JsrJsper]sfi
de coiorenfse vfi refr:is;]i * n f , * r n n g f tf l a q i . e ' 1 , i " i ,
taL'eluf
4.3.
fii_' 4.2.1.2.2. Vopsirear{J stispefisiecr* ieuccf;sr;i.trI }i?"; ir!: :is&, i'
;i";c !f,,ep;:i
a,cidse va r,*afiaapnin dizolvare*rnimr*nt*iui n*h i*rry:$d* i*r.rr,r;*+f!iir*1
,fif"' h i d r o l i x aa c i d 5 a a c e s t u l a .
,,
:ri,,'i:,-

,ilada de baa6eont.ine:e*l*ra*t ei* ead$,i*,*r*r$t,,rr.

*id#,,, ji;*ri i,3..:rif.r'{i::,-;ii*
iiri
fg,|.'.' a p H ? n ,r a F * a r i e l e l " : 1 : 1 " : l : 2 * . * u r s t * # * ' r * s u r * r * i * : s * " r , : , - .i 1* f i t r y t \ ; : ; 1 ; r :i : ! r , i r
lirr' p,reeisatil
fn t*,b*i*l4.?"
$i-
iit ,,
Apoi, eeda d* baEils* diiue*u$ *:: fr* rnl .";.,**r-:lr*
v.r
p t s e a d a u g 5a c i d a c e t i sn i n $ ? ap l i = ? ' * . ii '
** u;g*rr ii* d':i**i'l*r,: ' .i.

-
a tr"rarianea
d* *Hidave*e aptk;$;*|i:;;;;::';" ,.,* ':":i jf :r:],i.r'i;li:il
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Fadt-.
4tr, ,
wf,;

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,l';r

N$sgerb,:- lfif?
I

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'ffiffiS,r '^ 1 ,' . r

:f* ,""1,,i,,,,,,

' : f'lot5 de'

:, $dfidai'e . ,, ' ,, , tab3,4 *,, ,*

- futmdarc neailcHtor;gfl
fl Alcalii,gfi,, 3&.6s fig-4.r fi5.a.?
FlofiH.{,'rrrfl - ; 2,0-100 3&SS ,'SFIS&* ,,

F: 01, .' J q
oC ': ; 'tS,.3S S0-100 9e.1l$
-. dqpoz,itnue
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ri

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Rqd{tdtor,g/l :' 3{L&*
,:l: l,t:i,, i::rl Catal.izator, g/{ 1
.l FlotI l, r+l|fl
' r tfi/"s
,
"l'
TretaEnente - Se*lgrecu a:pXrece,!$ rnir*ute;
. fi'ma'le -' $flrlu$ir.s,*uso{u,gi'i'
{ier,bin}ide deterg*nt
anionic(5 e/l), 15 min.hl=30:
- 5+iff{sr cu rp5 ca'id,H{38-$$+C},tr&rs*ln;
., I
,..,:, - Cld r.eqe
+rr-e,gp;1"g,pX ::
 n{}
*.AE*

t m f t ' l- - - - -

r?0

1ss

&#

fi0

'3ts

Fig. 4.1," Adacs#r#e de Nafll*4,W &6},in rntlt 9ilb4$2'6* f$A$:ry,fu gft,tn {u,wgie
ultextiJ{Al*g}gigraduldsprelaiare,P
iec*nrrg*feariecrllorantrefin*:tperna,terraf {%|},
la pr*r*deuf de apfriar*p*d*sfeam
 sf0
$?,s
5s0i p

4s.0 $
$$,s
$c0,
tu?fi,
6$
N'
.L'

%p;
Fig. 4.t. A#aoss"*r,*r*.#s
l',lc##Fi
i"3- #i]. ii,,*=!i! s!"&?t$:#e ;SA$F,; ;n 6' r+
d e e a m i i t ; E e a r j e c c r f m r a r rrl { t i t i t - j! : c ni*iCrs*f;i rer"';triig-,*g r j,:,.S,"*dj{i .:i;rj!.:.:.1:
a.,*ijj
 \JI

' . '.\
J:abel,u{4.4. Adaosui de f,lot.#I la fiwareape jigher {mt/t}

6rad eieBrelua,re h4od.uld* j i J

la fuiardare {'%i ,2 3 4 :5

60 32 48 64 80
7CI !4 3,6 48 ,', 6.S
80 16 24 32 40

se fulardeaz5la reci, cu,flota da leucoderivat

Matir,iatui,'textifl acid, apoi ur*
meaz5developarea cu flota preg5titXcon.torm 4.2, oxidareasi tratalnnen'tdle
tabeirul'ui
4,3siln
r;-J;*trrrm ;ta,belului
faet'cri asfi,Bravopoi*ii,,frh.t4ot CelruNozise cu, r;ar@
&"2.A..3',finfruenf,b,nrmor
de cads
4..p.,1.g.tr.lnflgietnfa suhstnatului
na,tur.,ii textil,Fentruarpu:fte ?nevidenlElnflue'n$a
substratrg!ui t il:asuprainten*ittgiivopsiriis,ev,cr" er,e'ctua teste;cu0"5g/l color.ql$
de cad5,5 g/t ,Na2$i0a,60 g/i Nl,affi["{ la h,l=20,ff=600'c-si:f=10 min,pema,teria'le
si viscozS. Oxiciarea 9i developarea sevor
il ; bu*I*. fiurt, Uu*naemuncurizat
efectua conforrn $4.2.1.1.3 si indrcatiilordincartel5
4.2.1.3.2.lnflutenla tempera,turrr, Cincirnoltre9.:.?r*nu*, * dlP 2,grarne,$i'ecare,
se vopsesc cu o soiutiecie1 gi i coiorantcj" cari6la imperaii;ricuprime?ntre25
si gOJC, tirnpde 45 nrinute,i-{=20,?nbaloane prev'Ezute cu refrigerente de.rHcire
baia de v.opsir,e se pregX''tegte dintr*c sotu$ie o:b$in'ut5
:**q,1'tt':lfi^ $e-1otor,1'nt''
vor stud'ia
confornn indicatiilor,di,n cartela'de solor,anti $ de la $4.2.1,'tr,]1.rt$P
colorantiidin celelrei :g'up* p'il*ci'pale '(:[ygr,
[K, !ffi''],Dup:.Hvs-p'sire, 'probe1e sre
oxideaz;la aer {tirnp,de'n,,$,rni,nute.}, se spai5'cuapfi rce!se'tr,afiea.zH }a fiierb'e,ne
cu o soluti*d. ,ipun (S g/li, tirnpde t0-15n'rir.'rute.siapoisespai.5 succ"siv..cu a9.5
-rur;Auut*
caidE,i ,*... [:lotele secolorirnetreazE, iar r'ezuiiatele se exprirnE graflc
?nn*oid*nate'{gu colorantepuizat- ternpera'tu,r'H, "{',}.
4.2 3: I,nflu,enfa se preparE 600rnisolulie de vopsire cu ccncent;'a-
: "alcaiinitiltii.
' - de
tia X gfl colorant.
-in-#ci
flacoaneBrevHzute cu re{igeientaEcend,er'tt se h'trodlrestte 1 S ilnt
sslutle del,eolorant i?n forrna redusHll' vo!'u'rne di$eiitedlntr-o soiugiede tS gfi
hiaOl-{si apEdistilati,astfelinc?tvoiumuitotalsHfie de200m[ 9i concentratia de
NaOI-{sEvarieze?ntre M gll. Sevar v*psle?te2 g de I'naterial
2 ry't [a ternpera.tui a
pnocedeuiui, timp de 3S:nlinuf,e.ms,e,S ox.idar*si tr,atanTen&ele .f,i,n,*'$e,
ml*strefle sie
usucHsi se cornp,aiEi $tensite,ti}e' v.opsii.ii.
5e vsr.studlacol*ran'-tii,din eele'trei&r*petehno.losice priruci'pa[e{F"W,nK,t$i}.
4.2.1.3.4.int.ruerta *.ncentrafieide elec'frojrf.$.epreg*teer.sS$n:! so.lu[i*de
vopsire eecong,ine tr gii coiorani.
j",
j,:
a',
l,
-
1t;,
',',. _?b-

i$e.rin,Lr ,uc,in',cincif'lacoqne :eu rtfrig*rea{'ase*nde*rt',bite

i: ,, , lSS nri din fu,i*,ei*
oreparatX.Se adaugHcu biuretasau cu pipeta eilntr-c, soluti*;d'efuaCii?f.iil g, I
asatfelca volusnu,l -
final sX fie acelagi 200 mf. iar concentratipde eiectroiir. sS ire
cuprins5?ntrgfl gi,$,SSyN,,5evbpseccette 2,g de,r,natrrial,;finrp de 4$ 'minu*,*l ir,,
"
' condjgiilepr ulte,dE,sartelfi,H,sfitrucolorantulrmBectiv,
Pentrucornparatie sefae vopsiricu ? coloranti,unulcarearr rnr{icat ?n*arr*:;
aciaosul de electrollt,iar celHialtnu {$Wsi fN sau lK 9; [N]
vopsire,.:rnostrele se spalHcu ap5 rece,se usuc5+qse ccmpar5v;i,uo
. ?uOX
irrtensitateavopeiriisa$ se colorimctreaaUlfletale neaiduale,prntrrrd*t*rrninarsu
,:yryf*t*lui rezidual:decolorannt iffi vedereareprexentErii
graficc{91 coioranr fi,''

4.2.1.3.5.lnfruenlatensidelor
Se vor efectuacinci experirnente tn paralel.fulostre$e
d* rnaterialse ,nirrrrJu
intr*o'su*pens'ie d,ecploraint,{nereduslni tensidtinn,p'ql*
3-5 n"rinuts"'la
[enlp*r,BiL;r.r
d e 8 C I ' . C ,i l -'{'=,3 C I,co n fo r.m.dateior dir l..t.ahe|uN4;s"].

Ta'beful ,4.5.,Jnf'/cren_ta
adacr.sului
de f*nsr'de
Expef,l rn.e:nf
$ubsiante il ' [[[ {V
'l 't
Colora,rr$, Efi tu iw
IN
iu
f}
1{} i{l

pnisnlc
T:ensid'; 1.0
*
(A/l) *aticnic 3S
* ne$cls'llc * an
tu

fitilengtric*|,Ell \{t

l*poi,rnmstr*l* s* stmrc{Fx7#-S#?i,},se Hsr,le$ ia t5{}*{-t:rrrpide$ nr'i,r,te

irytlaeH cu s{u$ie alcalin*-reriupc}tnare
1i, yftgr;.or,.se 3 {l{r g,.i l\Ja:,5ril*:, i g
f$a#$'$),!a elrnpc$e45 rminuqe
$'$=1":3SS, gi t*rirp*r*turasp*eifi*$*,*i*,;sni*?*i S,p*i
se efee[r*esnH *xidareagi $r'etenrente$e
finale, ftupEilr$esr*,s* sdp{q\psi$ l*
i*t,*nr*r'r.*l
vmpsi'ni$or
*a$ sEdetenmimffi rssidualE
earr$itat*a cuE derpe 1e*Htn*r$
s*&*ras'!t ?nv*#*ie.i
r*prexen+6riig.re{l**?ftc*pnsj{}Eamee{Y,4,**i*rartt-glit**uid}
,nax
4-tr;3. Wca,ps6,rea
em$slrmr$$6
de cad#*m$asfut$$
{*ruwwm$$}
ffieps,,,smai **r',n*gii
sau*rugri's{*c?t.a e.4**a #, c*{aaam*g,ii pr ein&$&varlrdi,i,
aer***qpii
d'*a ejavoopsiri unij*rnreia c*nc*ntrasi; rnicide r,tl$iaer*
i*u**rtpas[et]si d* u r'r.
riei p.u$in*?nfr*x*li t*hn*lergie. ,, . ., .
pi st&np*,, ,,::
Vitcaa de trerere a e*l*re*tiloi cuv*s*ii di* cffiiutiepc fafue!***iui+;,;u r,i.t
d*t r*rr'*at$de a$inrgatea mcest*,.a i* ;*d,"{d. ffirrc&c{sl g"',.;r.rt,
si'*i;{er$Sa'6a'ln*lilu;d
 ,, _}fi_
, .,

d e v e d e r es e d i s r i n gc i n c i g r u P ec*g,gfi,riila:tedga,rtgr nic5,m icX mijlocie,m a' r e.

isprte mare
S u b s t a r , l i v i t a t eaac e s i o r
. d a q s u r iD e
e j e . : ' . i o isi ti a l t e a
i e r n p e r a L u rdae 2 5 - 3 0 o C
t r : e iq t a p e
P r o c e s u cl i ev, o p s i r ec o n s t Si n u r m l t o a ' r e l e
- aCucerea c o l o r a n t u l upi . i | 5 r , p r i n e p u i z a r es a . rfru l a 4 d ' a 1 r e ;
* i n s o l u b i l i z a r ecao l o r a n t r l l upi r i n o x i d a r ei n m e d i u a c i d ( d " e v e l o , p a ' r e ) ;
- t r a t a m e n t ef i n a l e ( s p E l a r en, e u t r a l i z a r et r, a t a r ec u s o l u t i ,fii ' e r ' b i n tdi e diCter,'
:,ri t:r
:i,r

gen,!i),. I

inir-o naie in acestprc,rcecieu

Frocedeul ia,rlprn
arelocin primafazl vopsir'ea.
'adlaogoe.agen!i,dedeveiopa.r.e(nitritl:desCdi,u'9i'acidsu|furic)?nfaza'ito$qare

Ba r ede vcp si reco n ti n e :7 -2g/i agenide udar estabilln r nediuacid * 2- 5

gcolorarr|cuvosol+1020g/|ei;ctrojlir+0;5-.i
L o d u l1 : 3 0
. . R e g i ; r r:r,u 'i d e te n ,l .p e .,a 't,]ur Xgi*"d' uideu

' ' :'

;1{i'[**1'1)':;yr'cl17i,-66,061
t
$ii'urac'g; ies'c;$isoc, "'
cniorqn;t,rnaterlial'

'l-ratament,ele,:fina,le ri,n:,sp.[lare'reeq,]riguioas5, 1 g/l

neut,ra'l.izare.cu
constau.
' larea,pi ca'ldE;sRH^[ar'e"apI
ce,,sH,puni're,'la,{imbere
i\ja,rCn^la'r40'f,,lsBX'lare

{rrlocudral.lfnt daui bfti. Baia de volps.ire crnli'n*:,]2'5 | colorantcuvosol:'*

A.5- tgll nitr it de sodiu( pentr udev' e{ opar ea
i 0 - h { ,g , j i el e ctro l int e u tru ,e ve n tuaJ
* *iai'* 1 gli Na"Cor- 'J 5-1gll rguiiJ"t",, 1:30
nnodul
lai rece9i la cald
se vor r eaiizadevelopEr
D u p Xvo p si re?, n tr-cb a rese par atH
.
isCI-60-c}
si nrociulde aciXugare
temperaturH
Regi'mul:de esteurrnEtorui:
a substantelor

r a n----4
o t ' C = ; , nL--
jll
ro acr'C; IL qg''C
t 0' 6 5(e l eto )-' develop-alg
l a r e c es a u
i rnatenal i ctroltt

{ l t e v e l o p a r e ; ; r : r ' , t - s er e a l i z e a z iEn L r - ab- a i e c a r ' ec o n t i n e : 1 , 5 - i 0 g / l [ - , i 1 S 0 +

- ; i ' t g : t N a l \ O . ^ n, r o d u l1 : 3 f t i m B d e 1 5 m i n
 '13

Ue qEtaEdarre-
: F-roseti-se
,&,,:,J".2.2
P+ri,tr,u:acesf,e
pr.ocqlee
gevpr foioeiaol+rantictr *frnkfi3iapropiatepentru*
nr* aqflJ ilTferengrde vopsire-

lul 4-6.
-i:abefu!
+.6" Frocedeede futardarepentru coiarangii
cuy*sofi
.#. -:: r
!-azel9{ ,Fnril ,Fad Pad P*d
e
leon'ai$l;l D,evelop hatc'tr steant 'dny
reiir{iEare r :ffieveNop rffievni,mp 'ffieve{np
' : . -, * ; , : : r .
'
M;Pre$n,afe :, ' ,
Colorantg\l {i*-:*-**:*** fr ers$a t Cmi r*ten*itstfl -;"_,.-;";;.
Ag. de egalizare, g11 *r''--;"--;***;;**"-;*r*J
Nitrit de sodiu;.g/l s-3&
,,Ager,r,t-de,'
urd..areo,,,'gfl
,
Ag. antirnigrare, gfl 7ft
T-,ernpera*ur.a,oC
6rad de preluare, %
'Cf
ff.scar.e, rnin
DepazftaraoClore ,htr l* r
l{J J -}"1}

Aburirc, nCl*
freve:lopare
Acidsuifuric,g/l
,, Ag;:,dis.Setsef.|
:#/l
Eiectlol'it,g/1 *---T1-*1wfr*3
q{
-8ru,P-*ratura.
Tratarnen't*
' sil'#{armpi meq}{palr,a.ibrq
i,ei
fi;;''6 ia f*erberr:'lbti"**
r*cr',u#trra:*rr*

A:?.3. ffie6ry+=cfu$ew,*{ne
$rvs&m*er$ait$ g*e{e$ffi**re+**r+furt,***
B$'ffi'
{.u'egf;fiee
cm$mraat$:6de smdli
4.fr.3.1" met'ss$Ee$*s*ssffi .${*&l@e
-#ssff*,#mcc.# ,eks*diit*disrfug;*r*k wr*p
hrdr*xqe'$ffif"
cire ,
lntr"-unfiae*n sstaf. c* ***acil,s""e+*+ J5# n,i *e ;{;{rrd.;: .:i ru {*.ii,: i"r*: {3x
40-96,S,? g acetat ** $rn'?ri* si ;i,i .ri s+iul,r :r .:t;i*rr,er i",,il; 1.i rf;,;i:,;ir:
forr=noi
 :-29-::
. : -:..,: -,, ,.,, :-. .'',,-...,'-a-,;;

se adaug510CIrnl solutie2 N clorurHde bar"iu si 20 mi solutie

"', cieacidacei.ic80%.
h v t r' ' .se,la,s,X ' .' '
re a o u cel a se mF
u u p a o r n o g e n l zase r,sl ullrrtirnr,n'de
3r0.minute.
?5 ml din solutiarezuitat5se titreaz5cu o solutie0,1 N iodin pr.ezenta hjntiei
i o d - a m i do n a t5P.e n tru1 ml so l u tie0,1' Niod cor espund,0,004353 g' hidr ssulfit.

+4ffi *.NaffiSo .r'' ,,.',"

IJaaSzOa+ 2nr + $',{iO = NaI{--SOc

4"?.3.2.
- Determrlsrarea'alca$lmit&gi,i devo,prsire , ' '' ." ''
sol*r'g'iei
l;;; * fh;.; .o*r, o, .np*uiirt*, J. i00 ml se introduc:ou pipeta 1.0nrl
solugied,evopsirepeste 10 rnl solulie de forrnol 3A% iDu,p$triO r;n:rinr:lte
s'ealdaiqgX
5 f i m i s o ir.i tidee cl o ru r5d e b a ri u2l!. DupEom ogeniza,r seeaducela ser nn.DupX
lrec*reacsiorantuiuisub fornnXrie precipitatse tibreazE alcalinitatEacu o soluiie
de mcl*iaceticfl,1 fl,lin preient5de fenolftalein5.Alcalinita,te,a vopsire
sol,u,ii'ai'de
re expri-nrE !n gramehlaOf-'l;'[.
/ 3"$.3. ffiefrernm[marea potemtfialu[edredox si a concem'tra$ie]E cer8qg,qm,tiu[u,i,,frrn
o xl
f m r n m e f te re {w ,sa sid a ffi
t ! , . ,. ! rv . ,.
ilont:rsl*iproeesu,lui de reducereal coforantcrluide cad5se p,oatereEliza,pe
raleadetermlnrXrri,i poterrtiaiul.*,i
ncdmxsi,ac,rr,eenira,{lei ox.idate
f,nrrnei 9i cel6i,rer$,use
a *nlorant*&r.ri. #eperudenta potentialului
redexde concentragia tor,r:neioxida,be(o"r)
si redus*{*,na},dar gi de p$'*-uf de vopsirep ate fi exp;'in'ratH
roNuliei prin,ecua,tia:

+ 2,3#1re
il= -uo
*oH :
,
.1, ,
?n care: n * nun"r5n,u,l efectr,*niior ce particip5la reducere;F - nurnHrul ,Fara,day;
*
P'* p*ientiaiulstarrdaa,d red*xdeternninat din conditiiIeco' * tre,i'gip'F'{=t};
f,]*
t e r np
' e ra t uraa n so l u tH .
Pr*prlet&gil*oNido-reducHtoare a|ecoloranti,lon de.cadiipct fi ,corn,par,a
e d,u:p#
val*ar*,ap*terrgiatulrii standard, g'()lConf*nn eeu*:fiei de n-,aisus,pentrua{iarea
n c , t e f t l i a IL 'lsirsi fr , cox.cr ett;ipf- i- ui
se d e te rn rins
,a n d a rd
4.:.3.3 i. freterninarea potemtiaiului
rerioxs,ia Bt{-uiui
Fsnta'N deternriilarea pobeng.iaiului
redox,-5, pcatefi folositXo instala,tie poterr-
ti*r*etrisH*hipnui,tH, utitizatHsi pentrudeterrninarea pl'1-urf.ui.
Flectrod,uii:r.rd,ic,rt,pr
estedin.p'tetlnH, iar lndicatsruide referirrtE din cal*me!.' ?n prea'!a'b'i.l,,el,ecro.c{ul
c{*
,i n
r ; *r i n Es e no l a ri r*a zH a p Hp ri r,i ntr oducer ea tir npde 3fi- 40m inuteintr - o s+iu' tie
*e . e e i ds ul fu ri csi a ce ta td e zi n c pentr uca platinesE se ecsper eciJ un str at r je
= , *. i n a ce stfe i se rcd u e efo a ri em uit tim pr - li neeesar de siab.iiirae poteni.iaiuiui
I i e c t r o zi iri u p l sp E i a recu
a a pHdistitatHsi ?ndepEr tar unrea iditltiip,:i*,u*-
lei!*.
p*ftarea cr.rhfr*iei do"frltr*, se p+t csn$ervai,*e ,i* ?..3 m*ed ,t!,rn:inar.e*
 -dF

electrouiise spalEcr.ramestscsul{oerbn'lie,
mXsurS,r'ii, eurap$ $i fiFs sc rn*nl,isr ?p'

de,irosdr* s* frse cu *cec*s,ii,qst*iet!*

"- '-f -'-

cad#
Fentru determinareacancentralieif*rmdos r*duseqi oxkjets sk coiorantuiui
de cadE se utiliieazl un foton'let"ruuniversaN.Sr mlegesn filtru csreepuneEt,rr
peniru carefqrrna redusHa coiorantuluide eadHp*erints maxinnr.srnsiespsorbties,
apoi.gedeterminHdenEitateaoryti1Hpentruro concentragie cuno*cut$-C*efrciertui
. specificde absorbtiese determin5cu f*rnrule:
qr 'Di
ftred *
;d
?n care: Kro6 -_cae!{11t specrficr}eahsorbgi*, lil * ricnnitatea epiic$ a ssiurrei.
c0 - concentraliain'r$iaiH ef* gnosirrwe
a *oiorantrulmi; stnatuiurde soiutie,crn.
densltstsa ptliH o s*iullei mr forrn* qyxidaqs
Pg ace&agi',l{trrse r*'Ssmar,,# rr s*

fio**li

& e pre/eriipre*ipl,tar*,s
Fsnfrru,r weadaug$gel*tin$fS g.iii u+rr
*oinra:itrufui
,rensidreio*o n

**lugieide vopsirepTrrff
*peio,H,*
d,e,m*ftatea i*rr**$ue*rsa redi,lt*,
{otalStf}} d t$**pH *
ralia tmtat#a {mrrnel*ry
#*. .,,f;omeerl ,rafr
*aiei*tepi r*dru**{#i ate *e*$qraett;*}ui
cu;
e6ie,[fi
.i\
.L,t{;
o- - Tr-*
fi re.#

{c*o*} si *xid*te {qt*o}in $icht-&

f* met redr.sse
cm*ceptrmgia
,,d,mr wa$i,
', (+r{ P {-l *
u?"f*: -* ri.*rg

S,ffi., r&P'ffiffi
#$ffi,fqffi ff gSL#"&Y
&,"ffi.ffi ffiL,ffiffi
pararn*lri, prd*r1-*t$,tr1
,.Se,va a,preti.*inf;e.r*x$*r,*if*;'rgriru pq'tnrqi'*fuesrt4*. 4f;#
ep*relri'r' s.-S-*;r;$:i;
, 6sup':aintensitHiiirr,*pslrii,
eaar*f
5e ve pneclaa'srtetwd* r*e v*par* +piiml, +i,; ?n *msq*i pr*b*kr' ** ie* d+r:
s*iut*i ciefeueederiuati de';*arirant,*i $*nrrr*s*:**'llimt* {:.+u*a+ii
s$ilci, ffisspens'ii
flentr* uarrenta *p:ilr,6 $s ve **t*rmrru+ rs?rs{a'1!.dl* sp&ia-'**sH-i*rfleGl+,;
uiuifi?#i-ST.
I

L]
 ' ,. '33*

$$#effa' ,,., 1 ,,$,lri

, ., . t$
?Iiro/'r{+ rjfl,
''t t '
''R'{ ,',' ,-zNali'Sse R
" /\ *llr0
n { \,i
-'
",,$$S5*[lB,, . ,':,',, ,t_lfl , 'g
,for,pp
so|u.b,i,l{
i , . ,{eEcsderiylt
acid , ,,fornr*,inso}ub,il$

5"2"PA,RTEA
EXPER|M:ENTAI&
5.?"1. de sulf
5,2"3.1.
l/opsirea prin epuizare
b5ilo'rde vopsirecu colorangide sulf prin epuie*re
, lomPoncnfa
,r,nrensltatea coreiats cr;
ctovopsireestepreeeRtatSin tabelu$5.1.

Ta,beful5.1. Camp
. azry.tasotetaf de yop$rreW caiwanii de sulf
r r
;fioloranrt $ulfurd
desodiu til6;A d*ffi
,ye y, .:
y"
Deschis$ 4,5
: 'CI s-,10
$tfled;ie' tr1$
f;rrchis5' 15 22,5 q-1fl
WeagrH ?0 3S $.1$

Ca,ntiitate-ade sil,lf,ur$rdesodiu Ee lntrsdr.rce?ntr.a cantitate nninirnsde *ps

si se adaugH *, succ sods-ealclnatH, eolorantuisiesurf,agentulde mi*pers*re
t, . , ,'*':'*. I
d.e,deduriea.re*i Solulia$e srnosaftireaaH
gi re ?nc6lrsg{*p?p1g
fij.l,l$-*tul flr'l . ip
sotubiliaarea colorantului.ln fimal.se diiueauH ia voiurnu[necesftrcfev+ps*e
F,*l*:u_ocutroare ale*sHseua ur,ft$riinfiuentapararnetriior tehr,olog,rieo*f,>**
. L
8abe$uil,re,I5.f]'.'..'

,S-t lntfluen.ra
Talnetu,f parametplor

--::T*-- Farametrul
studiat
Fara,metrrcl,l fua2S% ffiarC0s% Naf,lf;ir ? *d #urara.ml,r
Sulfu:r,5
de sociiu, #-*p
Car,llonatde socNiu, $6 tr S*ffgl ry4 q: *t
;x
fflectrolitsleufnu,% gs fr- fi i)
!'il
l4;
Temperaiura.oC 3SS $ss 3#* s{r,*#* 3*S
*urate de vopsire,rnin gdl
tr"t 11\
3#
JqJ
"?
i'f 3&6#
&,3r- canrii5lile
rgetua.,$
+ilUn--*-;;;ffi;"-,*ffi

Se regulH.?ntiritpu,rilr*psir'ii*e adlar*g$
S-ttr%eie.etr*iit.tn p*rgia;r*i
is fi*,ri##rs,
 ?lj :
*+t;L'

#u.FXwlpsirssc
- sp5lareacu apHcald'5.apoiFee:
- trataneacu Flr02:30Yr;S !rrl/,{,.|a,6.S"C,"ffi=3g,,
*=f0'r.sin;
tratareacu L-3.%perboratd* sodi+r, l-Wo,a9# a,cetic"?=6S"{, f;=f5 nnin,
**
f-g*30;
,, ._.
- tratareau 1-2*/abicrornatd,epotasiu.L3;57o.acif,-- e$o 7-56*-E; t=f5

* tratareecu l-2% bicrcrnat'depetaei'u,L-fiYasuftat dnlcr*pr,uu

$3,57o acitl
acetic,T-70oC; f=15 i+rin,H=3S- l
,
Frobeieoxidateq$nforfi'!prinre*or doe5varia,nte se'supunoper.$leidesE;runftre
eu i-? gfl agent"de sHpunire , 2 g/l lSaiCSs'f-90*C; t=2$,rain, L*=ffi" '
5.?.tr.3, Frpsedec se$lic@ntinu*gi esssffim$e de wo,psir*i
Se vpr ef*ctuavnpriirlcffifortrhff't.e-ts-ler
di,nteb,eh*,l5.LC",o"tt4ll*
1 : - " de suf,fi*rfi
tr $ $'s* calcu'ieae5
cu reialilfe:

#* "-T- {sli) s= tel,i}

F;ft
in care: g * cantitateade colorant{gikg} preiuatEde meterial;X$ -.*"r* ni4te-
rimi*iuiteNti${kg}; }/ - v*lu.niuif{oteldiujigher fl); & Fi Fsr - grade!'e
de,preluare
[mlnrnregmaree
] ryittr {'tro;}"
pentru g
fa,$eas$ml

Fl."r
__
,#-*ff
r
'9i V=,Miffi ,, -

?n car*. * L *o*o**tnatiacer{orantului I {6/i} i Fi - nrod.u'Fui

din ftrotade irnpregnare
pe jigher {i}.
enataryrerit*fiui
$"t"$.3. fiapacfitet** qt epe*lzarea celcwmffEgi$orde sss$f
Se uor e{eetuavopsirisucces.ive
?naceeagi fiot5 eu menfinend:anrodufurIui con-
ttani, pentru 5 mostrede rnaterial.ilupH vop*ire,rnat*rialelese supunoperaiiite
ciespHiare, *xlciarecu apH*xi6enatH,sHpunire ?n condiiiileprecizatela vopslrea
priorepr,uiear*. ',, ' , '
$e va apneciaimtensitaflea
v*psirli rnaieriaiuluiprin rnSsurarea
cularll gi s,: va
exprirta procentuaidescrestene*e$eintensit*te,adicH.,eapacitate*de epuieal:,a

5.?"3" &p$lcarea $orrme$sncofr$hE$e a$e es[sraattlE*r de sffB{

V*psireacu fornresoiubiFe serea{izeaaEpri* pr+eedeed,efulardarecaracteflieat*,
prin unifcrrnitate"fi.uxtehnologlcsimplifica,i,
rje marepr*ductivltatei'tabelufS.4i
 ,.. l:l

tr00f10 ' ;

&
10
1S
{nlrI
5
t
l
1

" .1,
l
- pasal .a.f
ffi nC/rnin
$pfirl*re 20/1CI-
fuidnre Hr0r (307+);
mtll
;.
i,, i, eClrni,n' r .'4$l?$.*r.'.+ :+t;r.;*i-Anlg,-.l+r*"

WT A.g,de dedurizare,
gfl
gfl
Detergern,
o'C/rnin ssf?$
Sp{lare Efi/r,nin s0l3*
asl*:s
Retratere RIginI cationicE,g/l $*-*-*-4@

Ct{3CSo,l{ ( 30s/o},rnll l
'fi,6ffi4"1g/,{,
o{y.mi.ri
*"t:,
r;a,
r'
 -3&

,condfg'ii
Faze,s,i
' :
de'rearlizare,
$rnprqgn,are",! ,
Co-?erandi 6ll " .c rclarecu intensitats
Reducdtor, gfl 2 5S ?s ?g- 45 ., :,:
Agentde udare,g/,i
A[ oe dedurizanJ, g/l
Ag. de a.ntirnigrare, gfl
t,lree,g/f
['ernperatura , oC
Gradde preluare, Pt, %
t lscare
lR, s*c i0
ConvecXie, oCfsec ], r*
F'rxa,p
- depozitare, oClore {xt-'}fr\l}
- .Jr6her
- f l otel , mf/l loT''*
- electrolit,g/i 3CI-40 ;. *
- reducStor, g/l ,.', tr0-80: i. ',.* , - ',
- o Ci n ri n - '
{5o-r,s}lts ,
Inpregnare il
'1*
Reducltor,gfl . *.: ; l:: 45
6 r a dd e p re l u a re ,
h t,% *'
Aburire,Qtf sec : ...'
: rosili-so
#p:dfare s;au'{ixereud:# ,',,
ReducStor, gfl .;x0**:- :.. | ,i.-

sClmin -20/s" *- *-{6CIto}iro-*

. 6ols
Tratarnente finale ---:--cxidare, sSpunire,
spHiare,uscaf..""..-
conforrn
tabeiului5-3

S"?.$. ffieetter*1'e{e
wry gu,r
S* ,t'uturiin* si ;";;;* rezistentele
vopsir'rior
ia spH{are
si [a frecare
- 1l
**"nfry STA$-urilor ?r'rvigoarepemtru
probeleuopsiteprinprocedeediscontinueg!
pffn ?ulardare

S-S.&Pffiffif,$HffiH&
ffiHA$g-TATHLtrffi
. '
5*'vsi apreci* !*tensi.tate*,.r*a,,i'{,sr.ffiii*,te*o
caparit*tea de epuizareFl rea?sten,-
'
t*ie werpsiri{or:p,*ntr'*
difefl** variarerte
de apficar* a ccla:rJ*gi{+r+**.sujf.
 -.5S*

frae$to$**,S

- c0r,#ffi"AryTH .r
qm&uI'ssEcru
Afr#[N$O{,{iB[t$ SmqTffiTHfiATA
$N Fgffiffi.A

OTETS
6-$..G,EfrI;HRA.f;-
,mblinin fibrH prin cup{arse$f?wesq}fislr,rp#6?er}{*
Coloranti.iazo.i,nsp.ilubi,ii,o*
naftoli,azotoli,azaonafto|i
denum:ite cu o diarocornpon*ntX,ire amrnediarot*bilr
,onwwi[..b,b..r'eaierll*e.]galtaaobaZ**,f.iegHrurid,arii.diaeniu*.d*mt}rif:g

aleacirifen?,tsoxinaftspq
Aw,r-ic}onp,one#,fefs',sfnt'a'n,i,iide sauxcetiia*etic,',,,',,,
:Wi**oa*,pOn#fe tolo,i*,.rH.
*-
e,r*inedlaaCItahiln,dwivatsde m*i!in&,
nisi ;ifllH de,,aril-dlaaqniu
ethc,xaus'H'r'u.rri Tnindu$tri*rclllmics,:sub
slntetizate fsrrn$
activH(suf{'ati, saupasiv${anrtidiaeotati
cloruri.a,ril-sr.rlfonatl} ryidiaeoamine}.
colorantului
$t;* zu ulh,t*uu $eperaL!rg
in fibrX,tn p*incipiu- emee,
arrr"nst*aneie
i'

i
cru*btinereana{tcriagilnr
sxonsnnf}snentei
ffi, "[. $lc]${*hfi$fiaa#ea dee*dit*,s*$r.rhlii
Reacliace areloc esteurrsiHtoar*a:
si Eubstantirri,
i,
itr,
ftspJk
roH q@
ffF{*t : ,
grS;1r4tr4;q ffit#
rjwF{*ft
*
t#
F{*
ffi-$.;ff" ffiaf,ftm{mrea textii *u fmrrnarem,
rna,teriair*{*i ini$ial,* uf*ei$*gsturieieh'"
dr,*genintre grupeie *C#.Nhf* eie naf[ciilmr+i *ffFf a$ecsf*k;x*i qsrew*s'favwrix;t
Van der l#aa4c'?***rsc*rdang'm
gl a,parigia$'eg$ta,irtlmr *u **r*pl*xige.'t**$t,rru*turi!
naf*oli{CIr

iic dr*rar,irrsiin g;:rrrtp:i,-r';0,'"'

sa E;ilre
S"g"S. &fugfi$ereaeftru;ry$cmffifleffir$ms?tei
llvraiede ;g.,#uis:rle
sXrurlior
sauldizCIlvarea
diaacltabile chlr..ltce

** ft'4 * 5j{-'i* +- ""*{li '+ ii:'i:;

-* 1F,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,t,
ffi,* H${r * f*iaH#3* l..{,!-li

,fexp$er,ea ,menrxi*ri*i*i g#at?i* Earrcsrf$*ctsn{s,iftr ,*i*"ft},*.-r.\p:*rr*rt't'e

"4*4,"
dun$ reactia
 .9,1.**i*l*R
#F4
f;ffi;;ffi*l"-ft "{"
,,.i;
".

!l

6,9.S, T,r gms, te ffi 6{rs:pl rece- s;$p.urtll'Fe,,i

l $pfftleqc se,#}are.-
.,' '
6.?. ffigZffifl-V'AffiffiA
eZffi,fr$-fWPffiruiffiNUTHI
; .' i,i r,1;t1,
l i r r i , l ' l t ; : t i ; i , rrr; ', , i , . i r . ' f i ' i l l : : 1 ; 1 ' , i i 1 ; 1 , '

Aeeconmp.ro,f sr-{rfl'Fw:,$Crt-d,igva.$ntlrdenu#l
Ferr,tru*ed ilI'r.ffia 14,r6ffi"4ao,:eornp.orr,enta;se pes,tiiifriu;$,,lmu,iur,lpf;r
*ieim *utlldn&
ca agmntdglmdaregi d,lupffs&,re {$,fi*CI,,,$,ffi,need hld,,*rm*ti*il lown
?n proportiile pr'eqiiffi6.,fi,r,r,'$fihe,f.arl,,$,rfi,
,4,r#$l,bpoli;',,firrepfr
$,ql,,p' t '''sanOryuFffi',J*
*rhtinereaunei soiutii cu concentra|,ia necesarH, DacHsolr.rbilisarrsa nu a avqt toc,
se ?ncHlzqste dispersiala SiloC,uneori!a {ierbe,re c?tevarninuteB?n'H la dizotvarea

Fentrusolubillearea a) gl b) dln ta'beltil6,2

la recese vo!'parcurgeetap'ele
prev5zutetnl'rteraturS'{STAS-u'ri,
Fentrudozareanaftolalilorsevor aplicannetodel,e

' ' r"'1;;;

&.s. rusffiifuWTt,lfuffim
Wmmm,m,. .ffin'eru 'ffi'"'

ft$[mw,,&e,,*'e ;t* a,,'$

i
.peas#rurEFor
&.S"t. ffi,frum] de Ufiei m*,m
'Ssffi't,mm-
ca{d6{S&affb1C}, iar apoi se rHcest.e la,ter-mperatu,rade'eirca1'fi-15sC
sentra X d,* ,sa,rle dloxosl:'iu *,* v* neultra'itaa cu ,aeetatde s*diu ?n premnffi,d*-
htrtieirnpregnatH eu Rosud* CongCI.{onceirtra}iaa*esteisolutii se va aie6east'Fal
incit pentr"ur reactiactre cupiaresHse peatHasisr:ra,prln-diiuare, un excesde 3.."4
**ri rnai marededt cantitatea i'$r,
necegaq'# car: ei,e,'de,,c$,toi ,"*,i
,so!*fulornqtricH
indreBtareexis:fi#andicafiide *etal!u privind {-actoruIde exces6r*tu'm,*gi,e',*.e,.*a,,nlti-
,l

tai:e* efe'ataftsi#ffi {ihrH s! tiisjroinsduricare se u*r lus ?.rt]**lqs,l,dera$:ie ,$eaplicaire,n

ineiustrlaNH
Figur*S.l g:rerie'rtH faetoriide exeespentrutehnoiegiacu fuJardare si diEcon-
'tl ns.rH
.'{* difer?ge$:tdrpr**dcaje,

&.3.3, ffi'taeemreaans*d?e$slr e*$d; . 'r#i,ee *r* pe*,*,r.w.*tEqwm,meei?eses.t;ri.

pr*v$x*,fi*i,nna#sfslg' 6:3,,
[ - a d , a m ta re a ru :l *e i cr
ra p *ri *i e r ninE.a:*:l:.aciosst* *e.l i.jf :i
Fi*;r.ic ?n soluri* care coriirnearyline.ar,::si nrirltui cjes*ejruse IntreCuee
trept*?, sp;bagkae*,la'EemrBsr t*rlr; de"9,#-t'S{:r**${,rmtH,'pri*'rcan*e de,6,&ieaffi,
 *** o,::'*al * m*b**' iaat o*'*;#*r';*r*,eatd.
.
. .: i, .
$$aaag S K
,*rii$
fuo,1+, strustura rnoiee. trEnolvr*ftsf

t .1F
''t, :

., .:'.

_0H ?63,s

Vr7rc o-F{r{
4,.l

6*N'f,f ffi.tF.lT

3{i# 4,&
,lwtt,\ln
l.

i.;lr'l
,,

ffifiilqp-'
\r :}s?,5 3.&
.,i

,' t'

#trF 333
*'tfl.'"&,
t,,
. ,' fi* * r4H l'v-"'lt
i? f
t..',. r'
 -3:S"

,,$'Ft
''*q-tg
. rf.i
.i
d

#'#*,
q.f$j
sffiJ
t.rai
j
$';n
HfUJ
tu #'{.
E 6"1
'$
e
&";i
dd .$

18"94 56r &g

f,o,tfan ele nr.rc
F i s .f i " x .

Tabelufa"2. Frepararea
solufiilorde azonefrali
Ia race
f;taqpa Sufos,tilrN'te ',S,${!,F, AN,$
,.f;, . A,OT,OA,,h/.trfUA
q.
LI
'ft'
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i* se votr
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Cup{area C o n c .c # r i i 2-'4 n
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aproepe?nexciusivitate
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tins o'eobfinerea colaranliiorazoinsoiubili ?n fibr$, tcrrergl.
tn uttirnii ani wist5
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*u r,* ernestecde aoioralrt!d,i*srenti,ati,pri,r,iqa-
paeitetea
e{iferitx
de legarecu fihra,atuneio* urxnuu
;;;;;; dili;il; ;;
serrsulcI colorantutcu afirritaternai micXva rHmtne?nflCIt5.Altfel
sp,s gi ?n'alrod
&eneralizat, eq)[oi"antu! cu afiraita[emai rnare blocheaeH rentr*l* Ou*olril. Fr;;;;
apfllcarea anrestecurllor de cerloran$ise inrpr.rne* sel+ct,icnareriguro*ri.
Cafc'rantii
anionic!utrlieafila vopsir.e trebuiesH?ndeplin**u*r; dln punct de
,
uederestructunal si telrnologic anunritecondigi?:
-.coicnantripemtru[?nHtrebulesI prezint*o stnucturH angugar5 pentru
' - .- a se
int*a'pr.rne c?tnrai hine stru*iurii spiraiaiea IantutuirnacrornoieJuiar;
- celoramgii pentrum5ta*eslatural5 sl potiamidetrebulerH tie de dirnensi*ni
" "
fitlei, 5t{'ijctunHe?t pentru a se incadrae?trnai bine ?ntrelanturoie:"-*a-
,*T..rylunH
*r*rn+!ecu!ai'* s'eiativfi[ifomt*,sfi preain.te un caract*rhidr*fob rnai prongnrlat
' - .- 'i- - i-'r c
epuizarec?trnai fi?are;
di,'ecgi pentru^rnfftase naturaiHgi poliamid6tre'puiesX pr*xintem
-- ,_-toiorantii
'spuirere.maxirnH ?n rore d* pF$neutru:!a fei si csl*rant{lreactivi.
t*:itarya +*]ay1ttti": riepindedestructurachlnnic5
, ly:nici inum6rut eenrr,eior
','norf+.histologic5'
#e vcpeire acewibife),fieicH
icristalinitate, gracfcie orientarei
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cu +solutiece csntinet*,*te ***p*n*ntele d* vcpsire,rnalputinrcolarantul{fiota

'frels':treiprobe*e usr*c$,sii
cu ajutoru!folnrrueru{ui,saffi,a
eltei:,aparaturi
co*
r*psu.n.x.X!:o*.res*dcte.'min.'.firemisii.Jneaculor"ii'
{"*re|a1.iafrttrere'rrti*i*neacu.|elrii:9ienrlcerlfra&irgeClgr''ag*|]uidge

=/1-c**r,ff* ',,1,
, F--*it s i,
i . n r a r e : ] , f i l co e $ i u i rrl td e rh sn r'htiea|Nm inii.pr opcr f,ion,l"u****- er ntr a$ia. :c m i l &.f* .,
tuiui i'n3*hstr*t {.& = ft: .r!" 5 - coeficient -ffi- rernisiunea
de rji{uzie* lun"rinil;
F'ivhe,i vop*lte;A7 nsmsfffiha
l u m 6 i r r r , *ad e u ri d f,q i a si ,f.p ma ii*lt' exti]!
tcnstante I se deternrt;';$ prlnffifisurarea
rernisirlnrii
pe{}truo vopsireetafoncu :
**rtnc*ntrafia#,ea*lqlrantcuna,rautfi5,iapoi se poa,te*atc**[uprentr,llil*r*n* vaioane
a rernisiunii Jl ia {u*girrt*nde unrif;conslderat$ valCIarea con*r":*trafieide coisrant,
{i"

srlsiderltmd
cr:nlinatt.illece,
**ir*ra*f ?* pr*ba uopsit,il1.#*%,,*e *a,Ncu,lea4$, ?n
5}rfre.r.tte,mmrrti.f.alf.eadectp}crr.,arl'fl,H.rrla'g,s'ptpr,*,h*s,mF,i{iff9.i,*.nat*ecllt,p*
aihH,dup5 e{ectuarea LratannentErlui rn baiaoarLuii
il*r{*rp*tmfs* ?ncerdr*ata$ ?uiur*adrn grupel*ei* egailiear*, ,.
siafo,H,N:nqfile st flTr#r*,
dacSr*li$inutu$,p,r**:emtilatry* prc,*a "d*sstitoar*
reprerirrtH rnaiipr.lrinrje 2fi96,ti-
ft49i gi, respe*trv.mei m,-r!tei* $4%. : : , , ,i:

fi?",3'3-4,.'.
,
f } . n , : u u to d # # '*d e te r'rr.ri 'r-ar *ae:apa*ilg$t;;glaeg*ilz*ln+ c"r liuii;r dus
i* trspte
' e,prepars4*fi flcjie c*ii'erl're'?ft {&flncdific**rrn,}l!,l* **l*r,a,r,tu$ur 6i *[e s*id,;,i*i
;#-nl,m*elmaUl, ':n
i,*t **11e;traFia egafixatrlral*i*si;* sres*i:iCl- d*s-,'***i*f,f#-S,Y*), er
pr:"i,i. i'6r$e^Arii;1
.oepiirinrju-s*. 1*r
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, l e ..a ci a u e i
fti C+*minr,o.*) in ,:*r,litEti *gnie.
'il*;
,*'l di,ferenta de ruuantH {*rr*c;atEfir s{af r c,*grii irri-reryiaf;*riai*{* adHug,a-
t*" i*. dur*{e sficffesiv*ei* t!.l"lipfn aceeaqi 'baie
esla rnsr r:-rici#, ** e,tllt**,*ae,i,tatea sj*
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*e;
pr*huela caredi{*rentelede intens,it*te ?ni.repr*hei,;,s.**nss1,.re,siler,t:*'*Le wej,nq,i*i.
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fe#sm,*f;
nefurriieeazd
infovrmafii
c$espre
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dr
..^_-,!::.Llc_cilauce
o*o'':o**:iu,1^u:curbeic;i%fr{min}.coeelarH
direct*"*ruuln*;-;; egairrare
**r g rfiare*arse vopsesc o temprratur5cup*ns$rn s+meniut
j.:j:r*.l* i8t
coisrani,
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FIz$S+),fl=6$,.timpdeI or5
probei
__-,-jT:Y*_^lu.iu*11d1:otgu 9i din 10?niS nninure
preiev*az5 l-ml ffotHde vopsir*caresedilueaa5
in r,rnpuivsp$,ri,
s4
11te laE0 rnl cu ep$distilarH(ere
gapt* soltltii se fotocolorirnetreaa5s! se ealculear5c*nfiinutuimasicde coioran,
dirt fib# tl ig'} cu re!a[ia.cf %rct f' r * s.'r ,
tr
{g}= ffi
ll tr'l {v $3? +} *r *eexprin"r$ $rarie
nependenga
ca{,,s1-$
{nrin}- .
5e poateobtine
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CIcurhHcri pantl iin5$eu
*galizare,respectivde slabHegalirare.
saueb{{lpr*
abruptxpgnhru
pentruun
un c*{*ranr
c+r+ranr*i*hurc$

'$iccare
variant5?n[arte se rjeterrniniltlnrrpulde sernrvaosirs
, _*:ntu s6se cair*
leaa'd,?n ipoteaawnclf"ihr'e
cilir+d{ice
si orn*g*ne,coeficientruI de cilfuxi**u relar.r*l

#,x *1-J-f*- ,,

l) -coeficientde difuaiune;
r'*ilara fibreids.[fn#,deterntinar.s
ta i+noarnr{,,..
ln Sare:
!fj:"j:j: ; y3y-l de semiucpsire
dererrniner cr - r{ru,*
dincraficuri j 0en,:i,
eputuareade $0?il

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r

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seF*eteacti+nag.,rrn regi*osd? ,J-,
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unuu,:':n:"*:difrcarea pl-$-utui,
adHuganea de eieerr*lirEauesrr.lr,
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(trSlS#*C), *u t-? s d* frbr$,$$s$,SS.
nrin'rsp,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gimpd* # ,urn,nur*
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conginutu!
d* eolorantdin fibr#
si se exprirnff
graiielnfleente.iiecErui
pararnetru.
f.2.5. lnffiu.enga & g*re mrisentfiee
mum$,nuFufi es!{pnjaetrpaisfiglide
epuizaregf;a rezis8em,fiei
wmpstrillbr$atratams*erete
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5e onpri,hr*ur* 9i i*uuar*i, r-r ; ;;;;t u--oir-- *fu coloran,ti
care
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ca de exernpiul
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inainte de introtiucerearnostr*iorgi dupHierrninayea vcp*irii se preleveazH

i,g. 'Sff
cu plp*ta ml f'[ffi, ,p*"ditrru,e,pz,Si'ita
mi| s,is* {oto*+}orirrretreazH,?l'*vederea
r|etenrnin6rii
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co$orantuimi.Rerultatsfe gi se vor interpreta.
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&iicn*s*?nad,*,dee*$osmnt.{,p?n,H la t#?6},?% CF{ail#*#, l*9[ ftd.*15#4, trrwpde 6*
*-,in.f-$=5fi
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$f .?.S
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paratei$[*.ahscls$-?sr zenad* apf*tlxar.** fir#r,b,,*!,
*re,-u,, jm!,*r**,che ordorsatal; *
' ##r+c*rs{,ra*,ie
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ltnil't* cies*L,ur**,i*
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c*e*c*r+ti*i;$% *c*,ie-r*,nt &,xj J.,59rts
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mnfwnr cartdei. ta sflrghuiwpairii rc mlcffir5 dao-
,,,sirf@'o.p&ko,nl* giei'cr' $in* cEidoi cokrffiF {Sr ,gi;fis.}.,cft .9ia adueilf;cr
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con$n,utul dinfiut. d. *prire 9i seinterpretcazt
rczidualdecolorangi valorile.

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i l,',&riffi*in
, t"ri"{aiqnice
cil,lonl -
u*no **ru, nur*,nr*rJlri *toi
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ffi a'dc epli,care *nformi,t c fir,gru,pf.dt esalhare
re oricn'taaaH,f"n
(resprctivafinita,te),a,coloranfilor. :
Astfel,cu ett,afi+itateacslorantsluicstr rnaimare,ncccsitatee de ectiv.*res
csfir,nlai.reusdiiiec-i"ir,'vti,llucra?n
ffibii,ci slabocidsauchiernrutr{r.,ln*'rrw,l,
rylediu
pen,trucoiorangiicu afinitaternieHtstc nuecsarlo activaremai puternics-dmi

din $TA' , ccrtel,*etr" pr,ivindaplicareaeoh'r,e&lilsr

f'c fingdindicag$i*c ecial ile
vw e#mtuaprobe,, f#'nnta!$ ot 3"3pen*ruproeedeilediscoiltlvftl6 4i ? 't p*ntru;i
tehnologiide vopsireprin fulardare.Sennnificafia notaliilorfofo*itr: a - clStirecu,
caldHsi recc;b - spillarecu {}.2g/l lUa2CO3,
,ap;X ?=S5oC,H=50, t=?fi mi*. s -
Bnetratatccu?Ystenin, l7o CFlsCOOl'i, f=?OuC;'|l=50, t=15 rnin;d - r*traters
cu FS,gfi Rornata.r,l'FST, p$l=i, f=70oC, fl=3$i f=ZS rnin;ri- rctnterccu I*
g/l AniofixE, ?,5 ml/! CHBCOO*|, ?=5&6S0C,Ff=50,d=?0nnin;f - tratare$i
27oC*{3CCOH.,,H=5S, I=400C. f =?CImin;g - nHpunira cu ? g/l tenridneionogen
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uut"* n'Julucfonarea
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r polimteru
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$ff
ffiffiF ,ffi,rffffi ,ffi&trxfs;#ffi.9&,&R
Pffigffitrffi&trffi&I.ttrXffi

A?.X.G,HrufiRAf,gTET#
.*lr:irll
&n'prac'i'cH;'
r,etetele.elevopsires* e{.shor,qar'S d,ecc,$e rnd,,l,r
ru}te*rl *i cfr*p$
.i : i , r l . .
,'irrti
q$e
o r""""""""nos,tr$
nnaterialtextit oo,lora{.Retetaas#elstahitit,$.pernrit* r,eprmdutr*ser*
's.on*Ssu,e'H'm,al
cuilo,r'ill'?r#t rnicH9i astfelssteneces&rE o anu,rnit$,l,r,rpar,lt,ar*11','{r,ne&l,i"
i- ?nnrodrepetat,dificil de rea{izaiin utilajulinciustrial, r:r,!c$nsurnde tirnp.
"; il:,',', Se aeeea;in {afoorator, se v,,prelahclrur*}*te d* vop*irr"in*i*!s*,'rupr*S*eer|}
,i ,, ii,,, .il .
i'ndugtr'i;a,k,
i '.
Fenf.i'l.l
voprsi,rem
cu fin singur ctll*r*mt'$rmfu{ernaests*inlp{# gi aruurne,detur"
m't.ima.reafl;:r1.regpgu*g,i*id*.c*!nrarltneeesar$
Ferltrucaeufcef nnaifrecvent,ctndct*i$tlmre* impfic$intr*duesrearnai mi*itor
cm{mianfii; se r'ecornandi5fol sir*a inct*dei tricr*nniri sau rnretadelern*dsrrtw,dc
mSsurare a culorii.
'i

ll
'll .$fiJ{-
Kft"ft"Pffii$,$Ufr,fi Tffib ffiffiM$ffi,e
i
:.li

Tl'ierorv'liapornegted* la {ap ,uf *H prim uornhinareahinars s*r* [ern;sn${*e

*'nte*tecgaf.ber,l pnr, alh*sfi'rup,urrifo*u roq&iprJ$- sc ptl{ r*produc* f,mat*cnli*riis
speciruIi:i
Trlcrnndase recornandH pentru clhtinereaas**mr-rnrit*ier r*f*ri ds rn*ds &
eesfeaa,u,?n gemeratr, * strH,$ue,!r* mai nedus$gi,'daeHs* tine $e#,n'!# dlr l*giirr
&fln,#s:Lefi.lrilfor
subsflreetlve, *ste *vld*nt eff, pr'intriar*mi*, ue obqinet*i*ri flr;&s
fflo.
f1.8.

. h* ntunnecaailri,?ntr-unsistenttrierommt,ia, se p**t* {*i*si si uyra,fp;r*r'*i**

.,.' .l:, : ds tsnu e, pe lletg#cnletr,*i *u**rl cfs ben$. Acest **larai':l#q terft;+rs
*m[m.pn,*,,
,..il-t.
'i' ',.:l
p*ate fr: gni-?n*his,
a{foastru,hr*n.
Alegere*ee{*rtrei *ol*rant.!ci* b*xfi pr'*s{*ffi{rffi*'irudepfinirs*
l*rryr,$t*ar*i,**',**:rr,-i,
jr. iii:
**m}mram$.iis-Hmgi}sm*e**6i.um.ig*r*tirqgr{}fkl$
t,',1,
,:l
. :i ,t::.',. r-ri*ix,*x9din **i*rayrti s$ *tr Brerinr*.6:,+s*.*p,*i*ar*
I * rei*r*mt:!igSx* **rnp*r{e 4s{*l fat$'ds'sufus**ste**:
icl s,igt*nl;
c*ti*s"ri**
ausiii*rer,;li,*sri*

* {{,l}##v'*# pr:rir.*{*rui$tr;ii,-:r:'r'r,*
ti*r$'rul **}*ra#lxs,&*ifuii.ffima*ffrlri.d*
- - . . , 3 p < i ,rni :e { ; * : t i , A i r f * ; ; + ; A r * f * : i t : ; l : i , r p * r 1 * 5 } r p : r ' 1 : t : r *} , r : , : , :*J--:*..' .
*-."
 -9F

- reristrntelevopsi,riie{ectu*&eeu antesteculce1'ortrei'eo}oraslti,*S**J f,ie,

in{erioarev.opsi,riiori'n'div''lduate,,
.., : .
- sEnu se modificecuioarea irrturnnina de searE'
nrcesari penfi:uvopsir,*ai;printricrror-nies'e pet sr[-e,il$'ion--'1
Cei tr,ei coisr*,n.,t'i
pe ,baeacurbelorde epurie*re*ternp.ereiur6-fi'q4p. $ac# agq$eeurfu sim se,nsiu,iil
Snt c
lor; co'lara'n4ii t '
identice
-- ;petot Barc,u,rstl{ -
:-etni* u"nigrrr*, comblnabilit{pi,i, a{ reprocluct}b'i}iffi'
diin punet dE ,verrleve
color,istice,se pot {olosidou,Hmr,etodelde {aberator,rela.t'iVrsil:l1.,p{:
I * se,efectu,eafi,E
vopEi*ipe,pa|ierpdm,tcmp4'ra*ur]i u"*u,gg,i*,c.$s$js*rv6,e;vol'll$lla

; s; ef,edtueaz6,'* r,qpuirE,nsrmalfigi se preleveazH, la :l'if.otl* tu*peu't'tt,1,':

'de:ffiai&H,
sinnultan,epruV@,d,e,r.nAter,ia,l,'9i ff's'tfbl,
ve,ri,f,lctr'ldlr'seo evoitlliantloll'feiful
funcfiede temperatulr5.
tPrin
ullpraounbree s* tlb$,la*
,rnar,me#r tr*ur,rgtti,*ri ult,corpe'N',c*'l''.r'$'m'Eare'1,n,
intenshate,dar dif,er'H 'pq
pr'innuan$H,,imr Y ica:lH
fiecar*pian,c.ulorileau a,ce*agi
culorilediferHprin intensitate'
in, celetrei vtrfuriale triunghiului, tigura1?.1.,se,v,pq,gHsi cele'treictrtrori:
fiecare,obfinrlt5cu un prCIcry!din coJorantul.
s,ia,l'hastru,
rog,E.,,,gathen rmPmt$,
. lri procenul lotal de colorantcor.'eepunsa=tor amestecdin tr:iungir;-
fiecH.r.ui -?:
pentru'o vopslre do 3%, in fieca'revirf 'segbs,esc vapsirile realiz.*tecu 37o
exernplu,
coiprantrogu,ga|bengi,respectiv,a.|bas.tru''
10.0"0
9.1.0 9.0.1
8.2.0 8.1.I 8"0.2
?.3.0 7.2.L 7.1.2 7,S.3
6 .4 .0 6 .3.i 6.2.2 6.1.3 6.S.4
5 .5" 0 5 .4 .1 .5.3.2 5.2.3 5.1.4 5.0.5
4 .6 .0 4 .5 .1 4 .4.2 4.3"3 4.2.4 4.i..5 4- CI.6
. 3 .? .0 3 .6 .1 3 .5 " 2 3.4.3 3.3.4 3.?.5 3.1,6 3.S' 7 I
? .8 .S ? .? .i 3 .6 .? ? ;5.3 ?.4,4 ?"3.5 2.?..6?.1.? 2.0' S
1 .9 " 0 X .8 .1 3 ..7 .21 .6 .3 3.5.4 1.4- 5 1.3' 6 t' 2"7 1.1' .8 l' CI' E
f f i , 3 0 ,sfi .s'1 0 " 8 .t s'? " 3 0 .6.4 e.5.5 fi.4"6 0:3' 7 0.2.8 0.1.9 fi"0"3.s

tr'S. .l*"i" Triunghiwl

cularilar

a trir.r,gghiului
Fiecare$a.tur5 9i .primu'llireaPuB#teisr
estetnrpErlitHin zecepHr,'$t
s* o'b1lnparalelela fi'ecared'intrelaturi.
de eiivlaiune
Fuyrctel*de intersecti*corespundv.opsiri'$or reaultatcprin asnestec*l* in ra-
pcrruriiedate * a celordoi.colonenfi adiacente;'purt,ctele
r$inv?rfurii.e din !.nterions'f
 -97-
. '

triunghi,utui,
|

reeu{tafe
, i -

rfim?*,t"re.tXieree.parai*lel*r, v*psinil*r*htin.,ieprit
**r*sp*,:nd
cet*l trei caisralrl,i?* r*,p*r*ur,il*dat*. -
a:rfiesbecer;r.s* .
Efrl* lont de,faptu! *f;"i:,u&ifixearH pq ,t*t*l a*eeagisantitateciecci#r,**fi
,pentru'f,ieearev,opslre* se siabiJeste urm.Ht*ares meteti*:s*,c***idir$ *# fi*sare
vaBsi,reests ,f*fla:fta.
$ dip e,e*e,pH'ry! de s*lorantsi sc not*aeH?nmr-dinee ffia!h**-
,fu,$i*c$,r*,i
fficsu-&asfir*c'"",Hit vopsiaidi+rcu!*rilede bae*. Fentruc*ie trsl vfr"turi
{'6'R,A', r}etagii{ivor fi: pentruga{b.em, {1s"0i6.}.,pentru,rss$,{'*;1.s,,4},p*ntn;
s'$bastru.'{s;fi.1'. Un punct codlficatprin {n, m,a} va eer.esfiirnda.*nei vspEi',
c* ru.,p.H'r'.pi, .s?q,
a'alhraat,ga,lb*r,1,pEr&icolor*ntro,gugi 3yp$rti eolotry*l*lba*{,n:,i
sa*et#tt=l.CI.
F*f,osireat,ricm*tiei esfio,de o realHutilitate practi*H, Aae*rt6 ntefl*d ,:,*p#i-
reaa,Htos*e poribi'litHlilede vopsire?ntretrei elennente de aul+ar*si qvit$,tat**$niim
p.rel,irminar,e.
*a.uuops'ir,iile perrnit*, prin cornpaF6r*a
S'ea$err,qei:ic&, $sLrint*rp+iare;+
mua'nleis* {reb{.!;,sv*,psitH,stmfoi,fi'irss
direct5a un*i sEriid* vopairi*x.p,*rim*,ntm{e
*are s,$ec,n{innH '
r*opsireadorit5, fEr$*,n,uar}frfi
ultsnisr
Astfe{, pen,truo vopslre,l*rte,rmedrlar$ a$lat,H Tntr* dou$ v*psiri,,{$fl*xeffirpiii
{n,&,r g,i{u,CI,w}, prn lrmter6ro$ar,e.s
ind'lcatii'lnr
di,ntiiernghi,se CIfutin
urmffii*m,rsle
{'orrnulerle vopsire;
lt'

Eralilefl Rosu Afbastr,#

u*w dl+rr c*ui

fj+
#& &

Fentr.u,c*
vop,s,ire intre tr*l vopslr,iti;*, {',r); {*;, .lx.",,y'1
inte,n'r*diar5 qi i.u,r , r: i
- se gHsesc
prin interp*laref*rrnulele:
fralhe,n ffi*po Afhastril

*u*ru+,*u dl*u,*'r: r:4"q4 *:'

{*li,b$irre,r.s*
un*i ra*,:nn,e ternes*u rnai ci*r.*d*c?t*ea dirrqrlunsiri,l;q:
ry!,&l i*;.;1.
ee'axH pri* rniascltr&re*
sfr,&.r
m#rir*aprop*r{.iii*r!ndi**i* p ntr* n***E* d*rl:.i
ilur* friul,Erghit*l
c.uimrilor reprerin",H
S* de nuar*t*,p*sihi$it$'tii* d* *i*",r1$ir,,*,'-
$:m[*.rebipr*r#sint d* 1*S, ier **,ieds simp,l#iarteiry*l*rq t*r'rrar$tiq.%tr.r,.{!#:,,: ;' :
S* pmei*iiitfiiid* v**sir* pri,i *ff:li,t;er**
eiuri*ntgl di*plic^r'd*, i, r'*1irl,i:i,, .r,"
*ir*,;r-;$
t?* p*aihi$:ifffi*
d.ev*prcare i:,is srrrupi$
;up,r**,iin**o*
? : n r ] l r . , { t * c e i t *i r l t n g l r ; : F i : i r * a ; , : - , t ' = r * F ; ' : ":jiyj : ; . f 1 , ' . ' i ,: . - f : ' ' j , " ,
prin **m:hillar.sa**1 r i:ryl *sfti#i#.riti

.S. tr&ffiTffi& ffiKffiff'Si{P,'$ffi#?

3.,ff e*-sa
ii
 .::.::
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-SEr"

^. 'nra*eriarlu'lui
" rdetxde'rnasa
colorant t*xtil, pe*!r* re*iisarestrixrl$lliuitli l;.
L,2; L,\a/s :.,,:
',,'
t-'"ti';:.-si
ciesistemuitinctcriai
sensse vsr selectionacei trei coi*ranii.{r-rnctie l:.,
"1.

',i'
ce urr'neaeH a fi aPl'icat :.,:,
i:t.:;

a fibrelcr perlarnidrcecu soloras*tiac.Ezi

i?.g.tr. vopsirea prin tn'rcrurmle
**'"il*rrr-o#r**"flbr.eierr
a*iz.iprln iri'cror ie esteiNTI?-
cu ,coitrra.n.fi
pol,,ia.r'nid,ice
rind cun11fl1eagrqp:i,dincare,fac:'parte 'cn'}'.*n:tij'5* 'p'ot
F"rI;;";; ;;;r de'sa urra'fie,
rinritx,de oatu.rafie,
{H.r,H eoloramticu NrimitH',
cit -sir
uti,riza.atitrcororan!:i
un*X*u r,espectarea acesteilirnitp"flsteevidentcHnil $e pot {olosi
b;;;;in
i"tt; -O*-*o'*lu,co'lor'amf
"''' "*estec pen,tru romsnestise'pot
coloran,tii.acizi co'mbi*
[estau'r'nril,toa're'le
nalii;
{.*laranyidis,u"lfoniri ' ' '
,' {,aloran'imanosulfonici
ilft
Cri[-r r-id rezistent Galben acicirezisient
2 fi
nv ' 'acid
Roqu s'A
rezistent
ffi;";"J'J,*riEiu*t
nLu1'**acidqeeistent?G:Al,bastruacidregisten*6R
P;,ru sortlimentuli Nylosan
ciecolorantl s-gilprspuspentrutricrsrnie:
mytor.rlgelbC-l-:C-3ft;CRP[-:
iNylosangelbbrownC-GL;;
rot C-BL;
ftlyiosari
"r---- blauC-G[-:C-F 2G[-tr!,i
f{ulorrrn
rogul9i
ru p$,rliccilo;rant
vnr efectuavorpslrlcu n Par colorantgaibe,r:r"
_$:
u p5rli colorantalbastru,L0-?0Yo h{:$0+,['{=50' Diagr.arnad,e
ftlar$S+,3-5;0/i
vopsireesteurmEtoarea:
6o0EIJ*r oolCalff'1ssog

k2.3"2, Vmpsfireaprimtglcrcrvniea frbrefiorpmfiiesterf;ce

Dln **rbuiuepulrare*ternpermte;rH*tlrnp 3m{iteratuna
existnn'le de epe*ialitat*
-- {ostselectati
au pentrutricrornie de dispersie-
coloran}i
urmfitonii
auriudedispersie GG;hiegru dedispersie ftosudedispersie
6ffi1-; 3frFE-,
Galb,*n
Falanileelb3G;Palanrl rosaRFL;Falanit
brilliant htar'7fi: Cf;Oranjde dl;persie
gg; cl ffogud*'dispersie 86; c[ Albastru 54; ci Galben
de dispersie ciedispersie
4t',{fi,ftegxde dispersseLl; C$A8bastru 1S'
de disp*rsie .' - ,
de vapsine vor c*ritinei g/i ag*n* d* dlspersare a*ionie, p$"{*5-5,S,
ffiHile L

l-{=5.-i]*i*grarn,a$s ',/opslne
l
esteurlnXtoarea' I
l

j{13606 }[6str;
{
s6*6-{f i3q3tu I

&ru gsacm*ma'af'n$i
a ffi,&.lse{s,t'
3a p#,ffitr$ers.Eta,&*
-- -;;U-;*'*oton*n.tilCIr ca*;6mel}ei
cationicipentrx tr'rcr*n:i**-a r3a.['irt**_ rnai 'nr"ritE
fl,:* prin rn#'ei
d*tur*r;nur---;*-*i. **
r:.retode: ne h?*ie.
piin *reir*at*gr*iie
"*e**"
i; -+&-

ciec*rahlnahiIitate
*a.
t , C I m , r ,i n a t-i i d e e o .!o ra rg L i *ar l+nicir eeor ngandatipentr r .l|r ier or nte
Ga,[b,em &*ef''ae,r,i{?R; ffimn*ffie{a,crii6T ; Alhestr{iftiteiacriiSRL,
il * ,&ustraaelt go{d gelh fi|.; &s,fraem* rcatS-SA-; &ssrarenhiau ftl.
-'A*trase*.",pld getrnfi,l-; Astr*eon rot STLfd; Astfaaeph{auFGffiL;
* futoraaon:orange 3,F,{t;A.$,traaorb vipiet F3S{-;Astrar*n r*t 5SL,
* ffi**,r{i*n bich,tge$b4RL; il}*oriin frcht r*t ?6f;-:ffie*rfiinhia* 3K1..
n'iil,'
* $,a'ndoqry{ gold g*[b 8ftL[; S*,r.rri*cry{ nst ffi-?filfi: .$anr$*eryf
**hw*rsEilfffil-
{$a,ndtxcrv,! h{au ffi-26,{-[];
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a intprinn5rilor se va efectua.o-oof*tT.stanciareielon i* vifioare.
a-. *-d^{ -s'
ci3$iet"itr'*t'ilt
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?n conditiileprevHzu'l-e de tabel,url 13.1si catalogirlproduselor li.s1 vot s*'"e'rr"'n't
fi't gmhieran* spmlaleiti.r' pnntrai*r'r
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'
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20-6001
?ntr-o 'fbrrno{ixare
taz* ?s*s0"tals&1300c

Proce' Aburirela Presiune z$-S*ffia 130F'1s8ftc

Fixarepe caleuntedI lmpregnare cu o soiu"iec*re
dee gll fde0H' ?00 gll Na3{S;1
c"ntiJe ?0'"4CI
?n cu qocalcaiin
qi 1s0 gll hlaCl,urrnatSde
. douil
faze depoziiaret$-3S nrinutela rece
Aburirela Presiune ?&60f' l* 130-10soc

H
PruruffiHEgffiV&ffi
3$"$.fifrr{FRthr1Affi'HA
tes5turicu a past6.o*44xnl:rr*
Aceast5metod; const; irr irnprirnar*aunei *f*c[*
care?mpiedicH fixareacelorantitor din baiade vopslf*'ahLinindu-s'4
substange
continecolorantireslstenti {a agentiid* rue*rvar*s*
albe. $ac$ pastade rezerware
ahginefectecolorate
operatiiler, pent,rure;ervars# ,*/fiSeste aplicartapa$t$p* nl&tr-
Succesiunea
- fixare- tratarnsnte{in*ls
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'.,ffi$ectn
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alca'li
stahi{ifu naed'iu
Materiaie cehiloniceal' e sau vopiite' cu colora'n$N
e r e v l z u t ei n tabelul13.15.
u o r t r a t ai n c o n d r r i i Ip

Tabe[ul13"15.Electeti;;P'cr*P
Sripralmpr'lmar'e $u$rsimpr-lmate
Ega,eeit
fulardare
c**ppnfirii

ftgticarxe'past*:
ftgenrtd* unriiar* Na{}i{{48s1,-
[teri annidi*'fgo*T* Gumenatst&le{:sss}
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9E*f*ffie$te #nele *atlare { 5&'*$se}, nerltrafiuprecu
acid acetic i* [ec, sp$*a'rer'ee*i:r'lg*lacas$'
ussfrreflr$ tEndonsre
 - r1r 1f -7

Tabefuf13.13. tmprimarea
pri* devorare
Etape*e PA/ PEs/ Acetat/ F.prot*ic*;
devor5rii f.cel. f.cel. e'ef. F*$ *au F&

Aplicereapastei{g/kg}
Colsra,nt colotanlide dispersie
retiste*tri
9i pigmentri
Aglutinant g$menetura,le rnodificate
chirnicitndake FA-3)
Solvent glicerin5(5&gS) '' brrint d*
benzil{150}
Agent de devorare traff$Oi ([$&$00] peroxidde ni* ft {rofi}
Al2(SOai3 (25s3s0) benro{t;{ts0},,
: i r i t r ; ,1 " HpS0+'
l% {3$$}
Agerit udare
Accelerator ' '" . ::' tiollree''{'10}
Ag. antispumaRt neionic(4) **irnic,{lSi
Uscere
Fixare
Aer cald t'(2oooC) sau6/{lzooC):
Abu,rire tst(ltooC) 3 o ' { n o{o}
T ra t a r n e r:l:$"" 1 '1 :1 '.'
finale dventualneutralilareundeestenece$ar

Tabefu,l13.14. Efectespecre/ede luciu{g/k6 pesr#J

Etpp,gl, f;ibre Pf;SlF.c.elsi
proce$uttri ' ',inNi
'ce{ulozice '"
f" sinteticr
A,plicer,aa,pastel",; ;"
Frecondensate ureeforrnol 60 t?0
' Liant neio-nic ffi ' 50
Aglutinant{alglnafii ?CIo 40$
Emulgator enionic2% 250
Lerufl 1S-?t) 1&,?0
Catalir*tor acid {Nl-ia}s$Oa sau fidHqfil03
{?}
usc*r.e to/ la losoC
C*fandrare Temp.cil,t$fi:,Csu $S?SS?*friclie**s
?ncor*laiiecu efrctu{ dgrit
Fixare s$i'-$tta r$ooCfunctirds t*rlr,ari$'
?refarmerefe spslere rsce.tratarecu sstutiide
? gf I d*,t*rg**t{*.S*s{ sos*!* $erber*
de {ibr5},sp$}aer
{{r.r*c?ie r*ce
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BffiLTO6RAT?E

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practic:u:rn
Larboratornti

t*t*u,
r, lFloru ' tnloni*i;#u'a-
il cota,b ,,,[s81 . , :.
g: [-f. Sanielevici, - Anaiizede interrnetiiari
Fi. Urseanu de coloranlt
aromaticigi
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E,l-Ftrecae
A.llanganu,
fr':ffii';JTlo,uu",iu,
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rext;f;r; - rerrnoros'r M,
1****u,$tr.h*.,*onoaEa
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