aero sane Cl tile Cir) ¢ ‘=] (=) Te) 3 = SS 2s cad ee = oS = Lud a4 eo : 5 a C3 Oe 50 ee rt) apg MUKpPOCcCXeMax ETE MME Re Mere: Rees EM ue ne a ed Ha aHanoroBbIx MUKpocxemax / Peake Ra enue LU ree neue un Mee PORE ee ec ec rao gr eee uc cue mtd ederim ak ey cou en une Ne eee cnet INET MeL MLL 99 ASL) Geos Monee nt iWyctos M.A. CxemotexHuka. 500 yctpoiicrs Ha aHanorosbix MuKpocxemax. — CI16.: Hayka 1 TexHuka, 2013. — 352¢, ISBN 978-5-94387-809-1 Muxpocxemb! 8 3nioxy Wx w306pereHiia Bonnouann Wgew MHTerpayMn MHOxecTBA PaANoanekK- TPOHHbIX KOMNOHEHTOB 8 eAMHbIM YHNBepCcaNbHbIl KyGNK — 3aroTOBKy ANA AanbHeiWero Co3- faHina wimpokoro Kpyra KOHCTpyklMii. OpHako yiKe paHHe peanvgayWn MUKPOCXeM 3acTaBHmn paspa6oTunkos OTKasaTbCA OT NPUHYWNOB YHMBEPCANBHOCTH, B PesynbTaTe Hero NepeXoA K paapa6orke cneywanuanposaHHbix MUKpOCKeM yakONPOdMNbHoro HasHa4eHinA Cran 6onee vem o6ocHonan. Knura cuctematvamposalio ocBeujaeT Bonpocb! NpakTHuecKoro UCNONbsOBAHHA aHanoroBbIX MUKPOCXeM: OnepayMoHHbIX ycunuTenelt M CXeM Ha UX OCHOBE, ycunMTeneit M reHepaTopos HuBkUx (3BYKOBDIX) M BEICOKMX YACTOT, KOMNapaTopos, TaliMepos, aHanorosbix KOMMYTaTOpOB W MYMBTUNNeKCOPOB, INeKTPOHHBIX NOTEHYMOMETPOB, SuNbTpoB, NPeobpagosatenel YacTOTEl, oavoKpuctanbHex AM- 4 4M-paaonpvemHnkos, mukpocxem LIAM w ALIN, cxem ynpasneHun WuHANKaunn WT. a. MpHeeneHbi MHoroUMcneHHbIe AMarpaMMb! HM rpaguKn, unniocrpupyioune paGory ycrpolicrs. Hapsiay c npuMepaMi CTaH@apTHoro BKMIONeHMA NpMBeseHbI BapHaHTbl BKMIO- UeHus MUKPOCXeM NpH MChonb30BaHMNM Ux No HeTHNOBOMY WN HEOCHOBHOMY HaaHaeHinio, Kura comep»kut cabiuie 500 cxem 4 MOXKeT OKazaTBCA NONesHON B NPAKTHYECKOl eATeNbHOCTH paquonoGuTenam u npodecchoHanam pasnuuHoro ypoBHA NoproTOBKM. ‘Asrop u nanarenscrao we wecyr oreercreennocr# 2a woawanrnt yulep6, nprsent BORE Mcnonssovaninn maTepHano8 RaHHOR KHATH. KontaktHble Tenepoubt u3qaTenbcTBa (812) 412-70-25, 412-70-26 (044) 516-38-66 Odnuyvanbuiis caiit: www.nit.com.ru 9"7859431878091 © Wyctos M.A. ISBN 978-5-94387-809-1 © Haya u Texhunka (opurnnan-maer), 2013 000 «Hayxa w Textnxar. Tluyensun N° 000350 oF 23 peKabpa 1999 ropa. 198097, r. CaHxr-fletep6ypr, yn. Mapwana fosoposa, A, 29. Mlonnucano & neat» 16.10.2012. Oopmar 70x100 1/16. Bymara razeruaa, Mevatb ofcetan, O6nem 22 n,n, ‘Tupax 1500 9x3. 3akas N? 923, OrneuaraHo ¢ rorosbix quanosuTHB08 8 FINO «fickoecKaa oGnactHan THnorpadua» 180004, r. Nckos, yn. PorHan, 34COMEPKAHUE AndasutHbiit ykasaTen MUKPOCKEM, «5... Baemenve OT PemaKTopa ......sseseeseeree Traea 1. Onepayuonneie ycunurenn.. veseteeseeessessesesseesesesseeasaeees Traea 2. OcHosibie xapakTepucTuKn onepayMoHHesx ycunuTenel ... Tana 3. CxeMbi BKMOUEHMIA OTIePAMOHHEIX YCHMUTENEH. ...eesesseseeseseesesssseseesteaesenes Thasa 4. Cnoco6e1 KomneHcaunn Ha¥anbHOrO CMeU|eHMA BXORHOTO HANPAKEHHA . Trasa 5. 3aumra OY or neperpy30K........+ Tnaea 6. Cnoco6ti perynuposanua Koappuynenta nepenaun ycunuTened Ha OY . Traea 7. Mpwmetenne onepaynonnex ycunuTenei . Trasa 8. Dud epenyvanpevie ycunuTenn .. Trasa 9. Vncrpymenranbibie ycunutenh. ......+ Tnaea 10. Mporpammupyembie OY.........000++ Trasa 11. Onepaynonnbie ycunurenn c puKcaywel ypoBHA . Traea 12, Cymmatopbi-ebiunratenn curHanos Ha OY fhaea 13. Vsterpatopsi, audpepenuvaropes curnana Tnasa 14, Komnpeccopts, axcnaHgepe1, annpoKcnmaroptr, ycrpolicrea maremarwuecko o6pa6oTKn curHanos Ha OY . Tnasa 15. Mpeynsnonnvie sbinpamurenn Ha OY Tnapa 16, Amnnuryateie acteKtopst Ha OY, festtseeseeeteees [nasa 17. Npeynsmonneie amnautyanele orpahnuiiteni yposHa curHanos. .. Tnasa 18, Komnaparopti m nonmKomnapatopHble MMKPOCXEMBI Traea 19. MHorodyHkyonanbHble apemazanaroune ycrpolicrea (raiimept).. Tnaea 20. Avanoro-yndpostie u ynppo-ananorosbie npeospasosaremn. .. Tnaea 21. Avanorosbie mun sanepxKn, des teeeeasseserseeteseees Traea 22. Avanoropbie sanOMMHAWOWIMe YCTPOMCTEA.......sseceesecseseeee Trasa 23. Avanoroabie KOMMyTaTOpb! KM MyNBTHNNEKCOPEE . .. “ Trasa 24. 3neKTpoHHbie peocraTel m NoTeHUMOMeTpEI C UMpOBbIM ynpaBneHVeM .. Tnaea 25, Avanorostie MMKPOCKEMEI AATHHKOB M CEHCOPOB «ose... s+++ fnasa 26, Perynrrops w craGunMsaTopet Ha MUKPOCKEMAX....... [nasa 27. MuKpocxembl ynpaBneHinn McTOUHMKaMM CBeTa . Tnaea 28. Cxemei npeo6pa30BaHiin HanPAMEHMA.......-.+.+++ Trasa 29. Younwtenn Ha MAKPOCKEMAX C OAHONONAPHDIM MMTAHMEM ..... ees eeseceeseeseeees Tapa 30. Manowymauyne YCuMUTENM .....s.esecsesesssssstseeesseeees [rapa 31. Ycunutenn Mou\HOCTU HU3KMX YaCTOT Ha MUKPOCXeMaX. . Traea 32. Ycunuenn D-knacca Ha cneynanuaMpoBaHHbix MMKPOCKeMaX . Tnaea 33. BeicokouacroTHbie yCANMTeNK Ha MMKPOCKEMAX . Tnaea 34. Muxpocxemp! norapndmnuecknx ycunurenei sees Tnasa 35. TeHepatope: HMakix YacToT Ha MMKpOcKeMaX. : setesees Tnaea 36. DyHkyMoHanbHbie reHepaTopbl Ha OY.........65 [naga 37. BbicoKouactotHble reHepatopbl... Tnaea 38. Onnetpei Ha muKpocxeMax OY... Thaea 39. BanarcHble cmechTenn, npeo6pazosarenv, MoAYNATOPL, NepeMHOMKUTENH . Tapa 40, Konseproptr ...... Tnasa 41. AM-paqMonpuemuoie YCTpOWCTEA Ha MMKPOCKEMAX ......ecesecseseeseestseees {naga 42. YM-papuonpuemHbie yCrpolicTaa Ha MUKPOCKEMAX «6... i Traea 43, Mukpocxemb ana pagnouacToTHon caaai 4 npuema/nepeqaun AaHHbix Tnaea 44, MuKpocxemb Ana OGMeHa AaHHbIMH B OMTHYECKOM AMANAZOHe... [rasa 45. MuKpocxemn Ana O6MeHa AaHHbIMH B YAbTPAsByKOBOM QUanazoHe. TIPANOKCHUA ......scseeccsssscseseeeeesseessesteesstssasstesesssaessssvattesssstiessteasitees Yeasatenb CooTseTCTaMA NPE UKCOB MHKPOCXEM H PUPM-MPOMSBOAMTENEH .......ceseeseves Yxa3atenb MAKPOCKEM Ykazatenb Kopnycoe MukpocxeM . beeveeseseee Tlepevent xypHanioe no paqMoaneKTPOHMKe «2.1... Yeazatenb dupw-npomssoauTenen muKpocxem Crncox sutepatypbl u pecypcos MnTeper.. 9 15 21 25 27 34 45 49 51 56 58 61 64 67 70 75 78 81 99 108 7 123 128 145 152 164 173 183 190 192 195 214 216 221 223 232 240 245 266 277 281 290 296 303 308 311 311 314 . 323 - 325 . 335 344AndasutHbii yKa3zaTenb MUKpocxem ~140MAT 140yn6 2318 320 V4OYAT «2.320 140yA9... --320 140¥016. -320 140yA26. £12,314 140¥1708. -320 153Y1.. =320 ~174YH23 -320 ~174YH24 =320 553YM1 =320 553Y03 -320 572MA1 115,314 572181 2113,314 572NB3 2114, 314 572184. 2115, 314 572085 20114, 314 59401 20115, 314 595N1C3. 4 100681, 319 10165P1 319 1040CA1. 237 1o40¥21 w3I7 10s3yn2, 317 1054YH1 320 1082YHB..........320 1087BU2..........319 1087BV3...........319 1107184. .........114,314 rosne2. 2113, 314 11181143 116, 314 1401CA3, -317 V401Y05..........317 1438YH1, -320 1464CA1 317 VG7CAL..........316 5962-8954801PA,. 319 ~AD8541 2319 ~INAIOS 2319 ~INAI33 2319 ~INAI54. 2319 ~LM387 .. 321 ~LMBB7AN .......320 ~SES534, 322 ~U410B..., 320 ~UB21B...........320 MUATO9. eee 321 ~uA709... -321 A709... 321 A740, 321 A747 321 HA759C. 2321 A776 +320 MUATASD 2.317 BATAQD «2... 196,317, 320 ~K140MA1 318 K140yp6. +11, 228, 230, 321 Kiaoypy7 90, 228, 230, 321 K140ynis. =11,321 k140y10 11,320 Ki4oypi1 11,320 Ki4oyn12 11, 12, 320 Ki4oyg14 320 Ki4oyq17 320 k140y20 11,321 KIS7AAI . 76,77, 321 KIS7YMI 213,321 KI7ANC1 ........,-268, 269, 270, 271,272,278, 280, 293, 319, 322, 349, 350 KI74NC4 ..........268, 272, 293, 322 KI74YH7, 293,319 KI74YH19 210,211,212, 320 KI74XA10 ........287, 288, 322, 350 KI74XA34 oo. 294, 295, 322, 350 K174XA36 ........289, 322, 350 K5285P1 197, 118, 321 K5285P2... 117, 118, 321 KS285P4.. 321 KS5285P5, 321 KSS3Y1 11,321 KS53Yf13 11,321 KS53¥04, 11,321 KSS53Y05.. 12,321 KSS4CA3 88, 89, 263, 321 KS74yq2 11,321 KS74Y D3 11,321 K5936P1 117,321 k1003nn1 97, 98, 265, 320 K1423YQ1 ........12,321 1441811 99, 322 K1464CA1 ......,.86, 87, 88, 93, 321,345 K1464YQ1 ........90, 199, 258, 316, 317, 321, 322, 345, 347, 349 KA2209.......4444322 ~KP140MA1 ......318 KP140Yf11208, .... 90, 91, 322 KP174YH31........209, 322 KP174YH34.......209, 210, 322, 348 KPS38YHB ........192, 193, 321, 347 KP1006BM1 ........ 8, 89, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 179, 181, 322 KP10166P1 119, 121, 322 KP1064YH2. 198, 199, 322 KP1087BM1 ........99, 322 KP1087BN2.......99, 322 KP10878N3. 99, 322 KP1407Y)1 .......65, 322 KP1407Yf2 .......193, 194, 322, 347 KP1438YH2.......191, 228, 284, 317, 322, 347, 348 KP1446yf11 . 11, 223, 321, 322 KP1446yf2 . 11, 322 KP1446Yf5 ....... 11, 224,321, 322 OM200 ........+.-316 TAAI31.... 316 YP1101AT01 319 yP1101Ar02 319 YP1101CKO3......317 yP1101¥g01 317 3KP1436YH1 198, 199, 322 2770. 8, 265, 320 A283D. 287, 322 ADS15... 2314 ADS526 12,314 ADS34 69,314 ADS49 ADS562. ‘AD606. ‘D620. D623. 12,314 314 221,314 12, 316,317 54,314 D625. 54,314 AD626.........4.-316 AD627.........05412,316 AD760. 116,314 AD768. ‘D820. ‘AD830.... 116,315 12, 73, 247, 315, 12, 54, 62, 63, 218, 315 114,314 116,314 116,314 115,314 34 314 314 314 114,315 114,315 AD7722......006066114,315 AD7841...........115,315 AD7846..0..0.4...116, 315 AD7B65.......6.26115,315 AD788B...........114,315 AD7893......2....113,315 AD7943...........115,315 ‘AD8031.. 316 ‘AD8036, +12, 58, 59, 60, 73,74, 79, 80, 315 ‘AD8037... 12, 58, 59, 60, 73,315 ‘AD8051.. 318318 318 ADBO6S..........-318 AD8306. 221,315 AD8307. -221, 222, 315, 348 ADB529.......4.+.320 ‘AD8600. 115,315 AD8600-xxx.......315 AD9054. .114, 315 ‘AD9070. . 114,315 AD9224.. 315 ‘AD9240.. £114,315 ADOT74........46116,315 ADSI211 . 15,315 AMPO2 . 54,55, 5,316 AMPO4 ANI27, 196, 197, 316 AN7112.. 316 ‘AN9101 322 ‘AN9T12.. 322 AS358N. 317 AS393N. 317 ASSO... 2319) S624. 316 8GA428, 318 BGA6ISL7 318 BGA622, 318 T7084 . 282, 283, 284, 319 CAB39AE .........316 CA339E 0.526316 CA3160. 2315 cLc408 54,316 cLca36. 54,316 07642........++6, 282,319 DAC8S12 . 115,316 £L513215 317 EL5133IW.........317 ELB101IW... 318 EL83001S. ELB300IU . ELB401IS, . EKA1..... HA7-5102-2. HA1630D05..... HA2400.... HA17339A HA17903A HA25180 314 ICL7106.. 314 1cL7612. 321 ICL8038. -234, 235, 236, 316 ICM7555.. +99, 100, 322 ICM7556 99,322 1L258N. .. 322 1L358N. 322 INA103 . 314 INATIT 54,316 INAI14 54,316 INAII8 54,316 INA122 54,55, 314, 316, 318 INAI25 .. 54,316 INA126 ......+.++.54,314, 316 INAISS 318 INA2126 54,316 INASO311.. 219, 220, 316 1SD11xx, ISD12xx.. KA2201 KIA339P . Laai40 Lagias 316 123, 124, 316 197,319 316 +++200, 316 200, 201, 316, La4i46 LF151 L357. LHOO36 316 LHO038...........316 M118. 320 L148 233,316 M158. 321 L163 316 L193. 86, 87, 88, 226, 227, 233, 316, 321 LM248..........4.316 mass. +1322 L293 --86, 87, 88, 316, 321 LM308.. ++:320 M311, - 158, 321 L318. 320 M339. +226, 316 L343. +1316 M358. -199, 316, 317, 322 LM386............190, 191, 317, 347 LM386N . +++ 191, 284, 322 LMB87AN.........196, 317, 320 L393. 86, 87, 88, 95, 316,317,321 LMB20M..........197, 319 Lm2409, -11,316 Lm2903 -86, 316, 321 LM4250.........-.322 LM12458 .........115,316 LMC55S -99, 100, 322 LMc6081 315 uMc7111 315 LMH6624 11,317 Ls830. 2315 : 54,317 314 +240, 317 urci4a1 226,317 t7C1650 +116, 317 172400 +6114, 317 MAX104 2317 MAX114 317 MAX132 317 MAX186, 317 MAX195 ..........317 MAX478 12, 52, 53, 54, 318 MAX479 + +52, 53, 54,318 MAXS04 318 MAXS15 se 318 MAX527 318 MAXS30 318 MAXS41 ..........318 MAXSSO 318 MAXSS5 =-318 MAX1110. 317 MAX2605 241,317 MAX2606 . 241,317 ‘MAX2607 . 241,317 MAX2608 . 241,317 MAX2609.........241,317 MAX2620. + +242, 243,318 MAX2640 -318 MAX2641 318 MAX2750. +243, 318 MAX2754 242,244, 318 MAX4005 . 217,318 MAX4012. 11,216,318 MAX4016.........11, 216,318 MAx4018. 11,216,318 Max4020. 11,216, 318 MaAx4144, 12, 54, 318 MAX4145. 318 MAX4146. ++ 54,318 MAX4194 318 MAX4194/4197 ...318 MAX9712. 214,215, 318 MAX9770. 215,318 MAX417 322 Mc1456 321 C1496 266, 267,318 MC15S56C. 321 MC1596 .... 266,318 MC33171 315 MC33201 315 MC33502 MC34119P., 315 198, 199, 322 MICI55S... 99, 105, 106, 318, 322 MIC1557. 99, 105, 106, 107, 319, 322 MK484,..........,281, 282, 319, 349 MN3001 ..........321 MN3011 -119, 120, 121, 122, 319, 322 ‘MPC601 . 31S MPC6021.........315 MPC6271 315 MPc6281 .. 35 MPY534 2314 MSA-0186 ........218,319 MSA-0286 ........218,319 MSA-0486 +218,319 MSA-0686 218,319 MSA-0786 218,319 MSA-0886 .......,218,319NCS2001. 12,319 PA92. see T1 319 TOC1O13).........314 NES31 +73, 76,77, 319 PAg4. see 319 TOC1025).........314 NESSS +99, 319, 322 SO42P oo... 052-4322 TLoB3, seeee321 NESS6 -99, 319, 322 SASSS os. sss042+99, 322 1.0837 321 NE5SB +99, 322 SAGI2 «os. s..042+322 TLC251 315, NEGO2N, -273,319 SAOI2A. ......+.-+273,274, 275, TLCSSS .. +99, 322 NE612 +273, 275, 319, 276, 284, 292, TLCS56 +99, 322 349 319, 349 TuC2201.. 315) NE5S32 -11,319 SAD1024 .. 321 TLE2021.......,..315 0P-07 .. 320 SESBV. ose se eeees 73,319 Tw271 see BIS 0P-37. 314 SESS5... 2 00.04++99, 322 TS3VS5S...........99, 322 0P193.. 318 SPO76B...........314 TS3V556..........99, 322 OP490... 318 SSM2141 .........12, 49, 50, 52, TS3V902.........,12,320 OPAI2B...........314 53,62, 319 7546: seeeee 11,320 OPAI30.. . 314,315. SSM2165 .........68,319 TS5S5. 0.66.2. 004+699, 322 OPAI31 -315 SVAB4 oe se 282,319 S556. ceve099,322 OPA137, 31S TATEA2 «50+ 0+ 282,319 7921... 315) OPA234. 1315, TADB2 oo... eee 6 321 TSH3101D 318 PA363/364......319 TBAB20M......... 197, 198, 319 TSH310ILT ........318 OPA631. 318 TCA240 5. +.4+++268, 322 TSH690 sores 218,219, 320 ‘OPA634. 318 TDAIONOA.........201, 202, 319 TSH691 -218, 219, 320 ‘OPA6SO. -318 TDAION .........201, 202, 319 uat0B. -197, 320 ‘OPA6SS. 318 TDA1013B ........202, 203, 319 +197, 198, 319 OPA671. 316 TDAI015 +201, 202, 320 - 268, 322 ‘OPA678. 316 ‘TDA1020 -201, 202, 320 -321 ‘OPA68O. 318 TDA1083 - 287, 322 +45, 47, 130, ‘OPA6BI. -316 ‘TDA15188Q .......204, 320 131, 320 ‘OPAGBB. -315 ‘TDAI553Q........204, 320 -321 OPA2241 318 TDAIS57Q........204, 320 +10, 316, 321 OPA2251 .. 318 ‘TDA2006 -205, 206, 320 sree +51, 52, 53, (OPA2337 .. -320 ‘TDA2030 +171, 172,210, 247, 252, 258, OPA2338 . -320 211,212, 213, 320 ‘OPA2342 .. -320 320 321 (OPA2631 318 ‘TDA2822 = 205, 206, 320 +320, 322 OPA2634 2318 ‘TDA2822M........205, 282, 320 : -97, 98, 265, OPA2680 318 TDA7021 -322 320 OPA3680 318 ‘TDA70S0 -206, 207, 320 UL1042.. +271, 322,349 OPA3681 .. 318 ‘TDA7052 = 206, 207, 320 ULIB90N .........320 OPA3682 .. 318 TDA7052A.........207, 320 UPCB211TK-A..... 318 OPAg241 318 TDA7231 -207, 208, 320 UTC7642. - 282, 319 OPAa251 2318 TDA7233, +208, 320, 347, UA749D . -320 ‘OPA4650 318 348 2484, 282, 319) oPqiit . 314 TDA7233D........208, 224,225, : 319 320, 347, 348, 319 ‘T0107. 314BBEJIEHUME OT PEDAKTOPA Kak w MHorMe MHBIe CNOXKHOOpraHM3OBaHHble SICMEHTbI pawMooeK- TPOHHbIX KOHCTpykyMi, MMKPOCXeMbI Mpouu NyTb SBONWILMOHHO- PeBOMIOLMOHHOLO pasBUTHA. 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Ha ocHoBe OY MoxKHO pearM3oBaTb YcrpoitcrBa, npeyiasHaveHnHble WIA ycuneHus, cpaBHeHua, orpanuyeHua, o6pa6orku, BbIGopa “iM dunbTpalMMn curHanoB NpoMsBobHON opMbl, a Take MHbIe y3/IbI pasj[MoaeKTPOHHOM almaparyppl [1.1—1.6]. Vpeanpupiit OY jromkex umMetb 6ecKoHeyHO: . eeee BBICOKMA KOSOMLMeHT ycuNeHMA pasHOCTHOrO curHana; Mambrit koaunvent ycunenua cMHasHbIx CMTHaOB; Masloe Hallps>KeHMe CMeLeHMA HYIA; Mamible BXO/[HbIe TOK; Majoe BpeMs 3allasqbIBaHMA M3MeHEHMA BHIXOAHOTO CMrHama pM u3- MeHeHMM BXOj{HOTO; * BbICOKOe BXOAHOEe CoNpoTMBTeEHNe; * Mamoe BbIXO{HOe COMPOTMBNeHKeE, B Myjeane OnM3KOe K HyM0. Npumeuanne. Peanexole ceoticmea OY 6 moti unu uot Mepe Mozym npu6nuxamecA K udeanbHbim, HuKo20a He Gocmueaa npedena. Tak, Hanpumep, Oudepex- yuaneHoll Koadduyuenm ycunenua OY no HanpaxeHulo pedko npeei- waem 10°. Hanpsokenne cmeleHua HY/A B 3ABMCMMOCTM OT pasHOBMHOCTM ycu- TeNA MOXKET HAXOAMTbCA B Mpepenax OT eAMHML MUKPOBONbTa JO eCATKOB MMJIIMBOMBT U4 T. JI.10 Cxemorexninka. 500 ycrpoiicrs Ha aHanorosbix MUKpocxeMax Tlo BHyTpeHnemy CTpoeHMio M BUY McHONb3yeMbIX AKTMBHDIX 3/1eMeHTOB OY pasyensior Ha Tpu rpynmt: * 6unonapHbie; * 6unlomApHO-moneBbie; * KMOII (ua komnmemeHTapHbIx NoneBbIX TpaH3McTopax Cc M301MpoBaH- HBIM 3aTBOpoM). IIpumenenne Bo BXOAHEIX WertAx OY nonesbix TpaHsMcTopos Mo3sBonAeT 3aMe€THO TOBBICMTb BXOMHOE CONPOTUBAeHMe YCMIMTENA, CHU3UTb BXOWHBIE TOKM. OgnospemMenHo OTYeTAMBO MpoABAAIOTCA M HeraTMBHBIe CBOMCTBA MCNONb3OBaHMA NONEBEIX TpaHSMCTOPOB — MX OTHOCMTEMbHO HEBbICOKOe 6picTpopericTBue, Hu3KMe paboune YacTOTHI. Tlo cBoemy Ha3Ha¥eHMl0 ONepaliMOHHbIe ycuMTeNM MpMHATO Nospasye- NAT Ha rpyiMbl, MepewncnenHple B TaGn. 1.1. Pasyenenne 9T0 He ABAAeTCA CTPOruM, MOCKOMbKYy HEKOTOpbIe YCMMMTEMM MOXKHO OJHOBPeMeHHO OTHECTH K pasHbIM KiaccucMKal\MoHHbIM rpynnam. 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Mepebtti uumeepane- Hei OY KoncmpyKyuu Pobepma Budnapa (gupma Fairchild Semiconductor) nony4un HauMeHoeaHue HA702 u codepxxan ecezo 9 mpan3ucmopos. Yepe3 2200a noneunca cnedyouut Gonee cosepweHHeiti eapuanm OY, ckoHcmpy- uposaHHbli ux>KeHepom Budnapom — YAZ09, a euye uepe3 2 200a — LM101 (pupma National Semiconductor). Knaccuyeckuti OY 741 (uA741, uA741), CosdaHHbIti 6 1968 2., eocmpe6oeaH Go HacmoaLyezo BpeMeHU.Tnasa 1. 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CooTBeTcTBeHHO, Tako BxOf, OY Ha3bi- BaloT MHBeEpTMpyrouyuM.TNABA OCHOBHbIE XAPAKTEPUCTUKU ONEPAL|MOHHbIX YCUNUTENEN B enage paccmampueaiomca ocHosHble xapakmepucmuku one- PauuoHHelX ycunumened, makue Kak AYX, OYX, npedenoHaA pa6ouaa yacmoma, HanpaykeHue u MOK NumanuA, HanpAxKeHUe cmeueHuA, e20 Memnepamypnolli Opetid), Koad@quyueHM ocna- 6neHua cuHqa3Hozo CueHana u MHozue Opyeue. AmIuimTyqHo-yacToTHas XapakTepuicTuKa (AUX) — ova U3 BaKHEMIMX xapaktepucTuk OY, xapakTepu3yeT 3aBMCMMOCTb KoaduuMeHTa ero Mepe- qauu (ycuneHus) or 4acToTBl. @asouactotnas xapaktepuctuka (DUX) — xapaktepusyeT yacTOTHy!O 3aBMCUMOCTb dasoBoro CABMTA BLIXOAHOTO rapMOHMYecKoro KonebaHuA OTHOCMTeNbHO BXOAHOTO, Monynp xos@unnenta ycunenua — sHayenue Koadduiventa ycune- HMA, B3ATOe M0 aGcomOTHOM BenMuMHe (110 Mopym0). Tipeyenbuas pa6ouan yacrora — cooTBeTCTBYeT 3HaYeHMW0 YaCTOTDI Ha AUX, npn KoTOpol Mopynb KosuyMenta ycuieHMA CTAaHOBMTCA paBHBIM equunye. Cxopoctb u3MeHeHMA ypoBHA BbIXOAHOTO CurHana — XapakTepu3yeT 6vIcrpopelicrBue ycunuTens ul ero MpepenbHble YaCTOTHbIe XapakTepUCTUKM. Munvumanpuoe conporusrenne Harpy3ku — onpeyenaeT MMHMMasbHOe 3Ha¥eHMe COMPOTMBIEHMA, Ha KOTOpoe MOxeT 6bITb Harpy2keH OY Heompepe- neHHO onroe Bpems. Hanps>kenne 1 Tok NMTaHMA, Hallps>KeHMe CMeLIeHMA, ero TeMnlepaTyp- HbIit Ape, Kosuyveur ocna6nenna cuHdasHoro curnana ... — He MeHee BakHble XapakTepucTuku OY, 3HayeHMA KOTOPbIX MOXKHO Y3HaTb M3 CIIpaBou- HMKOB JIA KaxK OM KOHKpeTHOM MUKPOCXeMbI. na Harnaguoctn u yno6cTBa Mcnonb30BaHMA YaCTOTHbIe XapakTepUcTUKK MonynA KosuMexta ycueHua Onepal|MOHHbIX ycuMTenel NpMHATO U30- 6paxkaTb B KOOpymHaTax Ig|K|-Ig f, pac. 2.1. ‘Taky}0 3aBMCMMOCTb MO%KHO ONMcaTb ypaBHeHvie lipsMmoit: y = —ax + b, re y=lg|k,. jx=lgf. Torna Ig|k |=-alg f +b. Koadduunentsi a u b MoxKHO onpeyenurb, npupaBuse y = 1g K,. 0;x=Ig f =0. B o6ujem cmyyae16 Cxemotexninka. 500 ycrpoiicTs Ha aHanoroBbix MuKpOcKeMmax Igikye* . lef oF pen | VYnn IghK,. Ig Ke 1 if . Pasymeertca, NpAMol 1mHMelt B MpeyCTaBNeHHbIX Ha puc, 2.1 KOOpyMHaTax MpeanbHo OMM- CbIBaeTCA TObKO MealbHad aMMIMTYBHO-YacTOTHAA XapakTepMcTHKa oMe- PalMonHoro ycunurena. Hanomumn, 470 Noy STON XapakTepucTHKOM NOHM- MalOT YaCTOTHY10 3aBMCMMOCTD Moplyna KoacuuMeHTa Nepean. PeanbHo, B CUy pastM4HbIX IpM4uMH KOHCTpykKUMOHHOrO Xapaktepa, AUX OY na mpak- TMKe BbITMAAMT HECKOMDKO MHate, pyc. 2.1. Tipu BusyabHOM aHanuse aMIMMTY{HO-YacTOTHOM XapakTepucTuKH OY, puc. 2.1, 2.2, MoxeT MokasaTbcs, YTO MpousBepenne Kosdpuynenta ycune- HMA Ha BepxHioW rpanm4Hyw uacrory (Yacrory cpesa fi, ) He M3MeHseTCA, O[HaKO 9TO He Tak. B 3TOM HECIOXKHO yOeAUTHCA, NOACHUTAB KOMM4ECTBO KBa- patuxos Ha puc. 2.2, 3anMTbIxX cepbIM UBeTOM. B NopayKe conocTapneHusa Ha puc. 2.2 Hapany c AUX OY npusepexbt uM cooTBercTBylouyne Gasouacmom- Hole xapaxmepucmuku. VUntepecnort oco6eHHocTblo onepaliMOHHBbIX M He TOMbKO ycunnTeneit ABIIACTCH CKOPOCTh OTKIMKa BbIXOMHOTO MapaMeTpa Ha M3MeHEHMe BxXOA- HOrO, pXc. 2.3, MHbIMM CNOBaMM, CKOPOCTb M3MeHeHMA YPOBHA BbIXOAHOTO curHana, Xapaktepusyloujan ObicTpopelicTBme ycunutens uM ero npepenbHbIe YacTOTHble XapakTepMcTUKM. : OTM XapakTepucTUKM, Ha3bIBaeMble NepexOgHEIMN, cyry60 MHAMBMAy- AMbHDI AVIA KaKOTO KOHKpeTHOTO THI (pasHOBMAHOCTM) MMKpocxem. OHM ompeyensioTca OcOGeHHOCTAMM MX BHYTPeHHeTO CTpoeHMA, B YaCTHOCTH, RC-a/leMeHTaMu, BXO[U\MMM B COCTaB MMKPOCXeMBI, MIM MOAKO4aeMbIMM K ee yernaM Koppeximu. Kak npaBM0, NOBBIMeHHbIe 3Ha4eHMA EMKOCTeM Momy- TIPOBOAHUKOBbIX SeMeHTOB, CmarazouyMx MUKPOCXeMY, HaM4Me MapasuTHBIX EMKO- ‘ikl Teli, EMKOCTHEIX CBA3eM OrpaHMYMBaeT CKO- POCTb peakLMM MMUKPOCXeMbI Ha M3MCHEHVE pean, > YPOBHA BXOMHOTO CMTHama, OrpaHMuMBaeT Tipe{enbHy!0 YacTOTHy10 O6sacTb NpuMexe- 3 HMA MUKPocxembI. 2 TIpu aHanuse 3aBMCMMOCTM BbIXOAHOTO 1 HallpsxKeHMA OT YpOBHA BXOMHOTO AIA m060r0 YCHAMTeENA MOXKHO BbIABMTh APKO BbIPAKEHHY1}0 HEMMHEMHOCTD. Npumeuanue. Ona o6ycnoeneHa mem, 4mo 6 cB0eU pure. 2.7, Ydeanban (npedenbnan) u ocHoee ycusluMenb, KaK CNOXKHOMEX- —_peaneHaa amnnumydHo-4acmomHbie Huyeckoe ycmpoticméo, codepxum xapakmepucmuku onepayuoHHoz0 MHOKeECM6O HesUHeUHbIX 3NeMeHMOs. ycunumena k = 20/gK, 06Tnasa 2. OcHosHeie xapakTepucTHKy onepayMoHHenx younnTene 123 45 6 012345 6 : tre lof Puc. 2.2. Tunosere amnnumydHo-4acmomHure (cresa) uum coomeemcmeyrouue dpasovacmomHte (cnpasa) xapaxmepucmuKu ‘onepayuonnex ycunumeneii npu usMeHenuU eny6uHel O6pamHod ceASu18 Cxemorexninka. 500 ycrpoicrs Ha aHanoroBbix Mikpocxemax Tak, Hanpumep, BenM4nHa MakKCMMalbHO BO3MOXHOTO BbIXOAHOTO cMrHama ycunn- Tela HM B Koel Mepe He MOXET MpeBbIllaTb HallpAxKeHUA NMTAHUA. B o6nacTu Mavibix BXOJHBIX HallppkeHuit HemMHeMHOCTU AAPKO MIPOABMAIOTCA B CBA3M C TEM, ATO HemMHen- Hble CBOMCTBa MOMYMPOBOAHMKOBHIX Mpu- 6opos HavGonee ApKO BbIpaxkeHbI B O6nacTH a 4 6 8 fe TIOHVOKEHHBIX HalipsKeHMH, 3aBucMMoOcTb HOPMMPpOBaHHOTO 3Haye- Puc. 2.3. MepexodHele xapakmepucmuku onepayuoHHozo HMA BbIXOMHOTO HallpwKeHMA ycunMTenA ycunumen npu cmynenyamom U U3MeHeHUU ypoBHA exodHOz0 vv OT ypoBHA BxogHOro U,, MOoKHO BEIpa- cuenana max 3UTb B BME: Lea gf. 1-Aln[1+Be*™ | Tie U4, — MPeMeMbHO JOCTWOKMMbIit ypoBeHb BEIXOMHOTO HanpaxeHna; A u B— B3aMMOCBA3aHHble HOPMMPOBOYHbIe KOSGpULMeHTHI; a — MOCTOAHHas. Ha puc. 2.4 npwBejeHbl NpuMepbl yimpouleHHbIxX BapMaHToB IpMMeHeHua 3TOrO ypaBHeHMA JIA OnMcaHMA 3aBMcuMoctTen U,,., = f (U,,)- Tloxasannbie 3aBMCMMOCTM XapakTepHbl iad Mpoctix OY. Ha pucyHke OTYeTAMBO MOXKHO BbIEMMTh 30HbI HacbIeHMA (O6macTb MOBbIMEHHBIX BXOAHBIX HanpsxKe- Hui), 30Hy HedyBCTBMTeNbHOCTH (O6nacTb Ma/bIX BXOMHBIX HalIpsxKeHMit), o6jacTb penemHoro MepekMOYeHNA M3 COCTOAHMA «BbIKIIOYHO» B COCTOAHME «Bxio1eHo», VUeanbHon cneqyeT CuuTaTb CTpOro MMHeMHYy!0 3aBMCMMOCTb U,.. =f (U,,.), peanusonare KoTopy1o ocobeHHO Ha Hava/1bHOM M 3aBeplliaio- ujeM yuacTKe XapakTepucTuKn (o6nacTb MambIX M GOMIIMX CMTHANOB, COOT- BeTCTBEHHO) 3aTpyHUTEMbHO. HenmmHemtHoctb 3aBMcMMOCTM ypOBHA BLIXOAHOTO CUTHasa OT YPOBHA BXOJ- Horo o6ycnaBrnBaer fA M060ro ycMIMTENA MpMBHEceHMe UcKarKeHMit: BbIXO]- HOM CUTHaM MO YpOBHAM YaCTOTHEIX COCTaBIAIOUIMX He OTBE4aeT MCKOAHOMY cnextpy. Jif KONMUYeCTBEHHOM OWeHKM YpOBHA HENMHeEMHBIX UckKaKeHKit MCXOAHOTO TapMOHMYECKOTO CUTHaNa MfeabHow cMHycoMpaNtbHON opMbI UCNOMD3yT KoapPPuyuenm venuneitnvix uckanenuii (KosppPuyuenm zapmo- Hux), onpedenAemvitt omHOWeHUeM KeadpamHozO KOPHA U3 CYMMbl MoUHOCMelL evicuux 2apmonuk (eoiue nepeoil) K MoW4HOCMU UcxOdHOL Nepsoil zapmMoHUKU. ‘Takum o6pa3om, npeytionaraetca, 4TO pM Mojave Ha BXOM yCMAMTeNA cur- Hama UjleanbHO CMHYCOMfanbHOK PopMbI YacTOTON f Ha BbIXOfe ycTpOicTBa TIOMMMO OCHOBHOTO CurHasia YacTOTON f NOABMAIOTCA Napa3UTHble CMTHAMBI C yactoramn 2f, 3f, 4f uv. a.Tnaza 2. OcHoaHbie xapakTepucTakn onépayMoHHix ycunuTenei 19 1,000 0,875 0,750 0,650 0,500 0,375 0,250 0,125 0,000 1,000 0,875 0,750 0,650 0,500 0,375 0,250 1-In(1+1,73 + 0,125 bmi ink 0,000 ScoGerrrannds Puc. 2.4. 3aeucumocmu HopmupoanHozo ebixodHO20 HanpaxeHuA ycunumenet om ypoena axodHozo HanpaxeHua (amnnumydnaa xapaxmepucmuka ycunumens) Opranonentiyeckn, T. €. Ha CIYX, B 3ABMCMMOCTM OT CTeTIeHM ero pasBi- TUS, MOKHO BbIABMTb UCKaKeEHMA, MMeIOMIMe ypoBeHb 3—10 %, a B3yanbHO, Ha 9KpaHe MOHMTOpa M OcMNOrpada — 15—25 %. O6pr4HO m1060% onepaljMoHHbIt ycunuTenb B CMy Hev“pfeanbHOcTH are- MeHTOB, €TO COCTaBIAIOIIMX, MMeeT Heb oboe bAyKTYMpyroulee BO BpeMeHK NMONOKMTENbHOE MIM OTPULaTeNbHOe HatayibHOe CMelljeHue Ha Bxope, puc. 2.5. Zina onepayMonnnix ycunuteneit, BbINOMHEHHDIX Ha OMTIOMAPHDIX TpaH3McToO- Pax, BeNM4MHa ITOTO CMELICHMA NeKMT B Mpeenax eNMHML MMIMBONBT; 1A OY Ha nonespix TpaHsucTopax MOXET JOCTHTaTb ECATKOB MMIIMBOMBT. CoorseTcTBeHHO, eciIM He MIpefpMHATb MepbI 10 KOMMeHCal{MM 9TOTO CMelleHMA, Ha BbIXOMe ycumMTena 6yeT MpuicyTCTBOBaTb MOCTOAHHAA CocTaB- marouyas. Koaguyvext ycunenua onepalyuouxoro ycunutens, pac. 2.5, onpeye- MAT KaK OTHOWMEHKe ——**= YIM, YTO TOXKAECTBEHHO, KaK TaHTeHC yrma20 CxemotexHinka, 500 ycTpoiicTs Ha aHanoroBbix MUKpocxeMax HakOHa KacaTebHOM K KpuBom amnnuTyz- Ustix. Holt XapakTepuctTuKu ycunntena. Pasymeetca, BeM4MHa STOTO KOIpuuMeHTa Ha pasiM4HbIX yuacTkax KpuBon aMIIIMT YHOU xXapakTepu- CTUKM, pic. 2.5, 3aMeTHO pasHMTCA: Ha kpaax OHa MajlaeT lO Hy, a B WeHTpanbHowt wacTu Tpaduka npu6mmKaeTca K MaKCMMyMy. +Usbix.maKe, Onpegenenve. OmHoweHue yposHa MakcumanbHoz0 @xXOOHO20 CueHana npu 3adaHHOM (oz0- @OpeHHOM) yposHe HenuHeUHbIX UCKaxKe- Puc, 2.5. AMnnumydnele Hut K MUHUMaNbHOMYy YPOBHIO BxOOHOZ0 xapakmepucmuku cueHana npu 3a0aHHOM (o20BopeHHoM) onepayuonHoeo ycunumena: 1 —6e3 o6pamnoii censu; yposHe coomHoweHuA cueHan/uyM Ha3bl- 2—cobpamnoii cara6i0 @aiom Ouxamuyeckum OuanazoHoOM ycu- umensa, O6bI4HO Bbipaxaemoim 6 OB.TNABA 3 CXEMbI BKJIIOUEHNA ONEPALIMOHHbIX YCUIUTESIEN Muozonemruti oneim npakmuyeckozo npumeHeHua OY no360- jun cucmemamusupogamb ocHoBHble BapuaHMe! UX BKNIO- yenun. Vicnonesya memode: kom6uHamopuku, Hecnox*xHO eol4yUCTIUMb NpedenbHoe KONUYeCMeO pasyMHbIX GNA UCNoNb- 308aQHUA BapuaHMoOB eKNOYeHUA munoBoz0 OY, umelmwezo 06a @xoda U OOUH BbIXOd, NDU MUHUMG/IbHOM YuCe BHEWwHUX HagecHbIX pesucmuBHbIX anemeHmos. TaKUX CxXeM OKa3aN0Cb ecezo 8, ocmanbHble BapuaHmel Gein omOpakoeaHe! onbImHO- aKcnepuMeHMaribHeIm nymem. B nanGonee o6ujem Bue OY npencrasmser co6oit ycunntenb, umeounit Ba BXOj{a M OMH BbIXoJ. PaccMOTpMM OCHOBHbIe CxeMbI BKMIONeHMA OY [3.1] Tipu Mogaye Ha ero BxOA(bI) CMTHaOB MamOro YpOBHA OT MCTOUHMKOB Halips- %KeHUA WIM TOKa, Ta6m. 3.1. Cxemp! u ceoiicmea udeanusuposaHHerx ycmpoticma a ocHoee onepayuonnerx ycunumened TaGnuya 3.1 Cxema Kosdouunent nepenaun, K bUbI yCUNMTEND hae = Uns “Uss (-#) Yeunnrent wanpamennn22 CxemotexHiika. 500 ycrpovicTs Ha aHanoroBbix MMKPOCKeMax Ta6nuya 3.1 (npodonxenue) Cxema Koad onuynenr nepenaun, K Vnseprop nanpawennn Nosropuren wanpaxenna x Upeix. NT Re Uax. R2 DAT Ix. Teux. RI Npeo6pasosarend Tox-nanpamenne DAI Iex.| Ru —R, [Om] 1 t IB PY NpeoGpasosarens Hanpaxenve-ToK Yeunurene roKaTnapa 3. Cxembi kmio¥eHina onepaynonHbsx ycunuTeneh 23 O6o6uyeHHaa cxema MAeaNu3MpoBaHHbIx yCcTpoMcTB Ha OCHOBe OY O6o6uenHy! cxemy ycrpoiicTs, npeycTaBNeHHEIX B Ta6M. 3.1, MOxKHO npuBecTn Ha puc. 3.1, re G-, G* — ucTOuHMKM HallpDKeHMA MIM ToKa, MO,- km04eHHbIe K Bxopy OY: * mHBepTupyroujemy (—); * HeuHBepTupyloulemy (+). IIpm ucnomp30Banuu TabnMUbI MOACTAa- HOBKM (Ta6A. 3.2) MOKHO CMHTe3MpoOBaTb mo6yto “3 MpuBefeHHbIX B Ta6a. 3.1 cxem UM MpoananusupoBaTb MHbIe BapMaHThI ucnonbsopanna OY. Vs ra6n. 3.2 cneqyeT, 4TO [IA BCex pac- CMOTpeHHDIX YCTpoMicTB BenM4MHa pesn- Puc. 3.1. O606wenHaa cxema cTopa 12=0, a r6=00. Ho 9To He osHayaeT, sapuanmos akniovenun OY 4TO 9TM PesMcTOpbI CnemyeT UCKMOUNT U3 0606ujeHHON cxembI (puc. 3.1). Bo-nepBpix, 9TH pesMcTopbl BBe,eHbI M3 coobpaxkeHuit CMMMeTpUM. Bo-BTopbix, Mcrionb30BaHne, HalpuMep, pesvicTopa r2 Mo3BOMAeT YUMTHIBATD cBOMCTBa MCTOUHMKa CMTHAaNOB, NoAKMOaemoro K Bxomy OY. Bonee Toro, Tipu TOCTpoeHMM peambHbIX CXeM Yale BCero pesmcTop 12 McTOND3yIOT AA BbIpaBHUBaHMA BXOJHbIX TOKOB OY. 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TlommMo Tumosix cxem BKnWUeHMA OY B 3aBMCMMOCTM OT MX MHAMBMAyambHoro cTpoe- Puc. 3.2. YnpowenHaa cxema HMA, B eNAX KOppeKMM XapaktepuctuK OY — &4Pvanmos exniowenun OY UCHIONb3y1OT Tak Ha3bIBaeMble Ye KoppekuMu. OGLIGHO TakMe LemM COCTOAT M3 HaBeCHbIX (BHELIHMX) pe3MCTMBHO-KOHJeHCaTOpHbIX Werouek, MOWKI04a- eMbIX K OMOAHMTEMDHBIM BEIBOAaM OY. Oco6eHHOCTM NOAKAOYeHMA TAKMX ueno4¥exk cyry60 MHAMBMAyaNbHbI AVIA KaxKpOoro Bua OY, m ux IpHMeHeHMe O6bINHO OTOBOpeHo B TeXHM4eCKOM MOKYMeHTalMM, NOcTaBIAeMoO‘ Ha WaH- BI BUY] MMKpOcxeMBI.TNABA 4 CNOCOBbI KOMNEHCALINN HAYASIbHOFO CMELJEHUA BXOAHOTO HANPAMKEHUA Bonewium u KOHCmpykmueHo ManoycmpaHumbim Hedocmam- kom OY nennemca Hanuue Ha ux 6xode HaYasibHoz0 CMeeHUA. 3mo CMeWeHUe MOXKHO He yyuMbIgaMb NpU NocmpoeHuu ycu- jumeneti nepemeHHoz0 moka Ha ocHose OY, nockonbKy 6 HUX O6bI4HO UCNoNe3yiom pa3zdenumenbHble KOHOeHCamopbl. [pu nocmpoexuu ycunumened nocmonHHoz0 moka npuxodumca cyumamoca ¢ Heo6xodumocmbio KoMneHcayuU nocmoAHHO2O cmeujeHua Ha exode OY. mo HanpArxeHue He OmNuYaemcaA cma- 6unbHocmbio u MoxKem MeHAMbCA npu u3mMeHeHuU Memnepa- mypel, apemeHu pa6ombl u 6 curly uHbIX NpUYUH. Hexoropbie cxeMHble pelleHua, NpeqHasHayeHHble 14 pellenua mpobneMbl KOMMeHCal{MM Ha¥abHOTO cMelleHMA Ha Bxoge (Bxogax) OY, mpmBepeHb! HyDKe. TIpocretuasa cxema (pyc. 4.1) cocrouT u3 perynupyw- ujero noTeHyMometpa R3. Pesucrop Rl npeqHasHayeH IMA CHYDKEHMA BAIMAHMA perymupyloujero snemeHTa — nloTeHijtometpa R3 Ha BXOqHOe CoMmpoTMBeHMe ycunn- tena. Pesucroppi R2 u R4 o6ecneamBawr «pacTaxKy» qMana3ona perynupoBanua, Gonee nnaBHbIt M TOUHBI xapakTep peryMpoBku. OpveHTnpoBounble HOMMHAaMbI 9eMeHTOB CxeM: norenumometp R3 — ef. ... COoTHH Kum00M, Rl — Ha ABa nlopayka win 6onee BbILe HOMMHaMOB pesMicTopos, Mop- Km04eHHDIX K Bxony OY; R2=R4 — na Mopagok Bplle Homuuana R3. Bapwant CXeMbI KOMMeHcalimu HayambHOro CMeljeHna Ha OCHOBe pe3MCTMBHDIX JlenuTenei (pyc. 4.2) m03B0- met o6ecreqnTh M1aBHYy0 perynupoBky HaliIpsKeHMA. Ina peanusaumn cxembl 06br4HO R2=R4>>(R3=R5=R6). Hanpumep, R2=R4=33 Om; R3=200 Om; R5=R6=27 Om, R1=10 xOm. Sto no3sBonser perynuposatb HanipsKeHue cMelleHMA B mpegenax +10 mB npv THNoBBIX HanpsxKe- HMAX MMTaHUA OY +12,6 B. wu R2 oy R3 Ra -U Puc. 4.1. Cxema kKomnexcayuu HavanbHozo cMeweHUA Ha exode OY Puc. 4.2, Bapuanm cXe€MbI KOMNeHCayuU Ha4a/bHO2O CMeweHUA26 Cxemorextixa. 500 ycrpoiicts Ha aHanoroBbix MMKPOcKeMaX Puc. 4.3. Cxemb! Puc. 4.4. Bapuanm cxemer Puc. 4.5. Bapuanm cxemot kKomneHcayuu cmeweHuA peeynupoeku HanpAxKeHUA pezynupoeku HanpaxeHuA nyna OY cmeuwjenua OY cmeweHua Ha exodax HeckonoKux OY Komnencarop cmeujenua Hyna OY, puc. 4.3 (Bepx), MO3BONAeT MaBHO peryMMpOBaTb HalpAKeHMe Ha Bxoj[e Ollepal|MOHHOrO ycunuTena B Ipepenax oT +150 o —150 mB. Cysutb stu npegensi B 3 pasa MOXxKHO 3a cueT yBenMYeHuA HOMMHaNa pesucTopa R3 Fo 3 MOm, m60 cHy>KeHMiA HOMMHana pesuctopa R2 70 3,0—3,3 xOm. TpeTuit BapwaHT — 3aMena noTeHIMo- metpa R6 YenouKoM paBHOBeMMKUX ConpoTuBTeHuit R5=R6=R7, puc. 4.3 (H1H3). Puc, 4.6. Bapuanm cxembt peeynupoexu HanpAxKeHuA Ee oAMH BapMaHT CXeMbI KOMMeHcalMM Hayalb- cmeweHuA Horo cmeujenna OY, pc. 4.4, ucronpsyerT ayia cra6u- 7M3alAM HalpsoKeHMA CMeLMEHUA [Ba IpAMOCMeLIeHHbIX AMoga VD1 u VD2. Pa3BuTMeM STON Upem Cny*KUT Crepyroujad cxema, puc. 4,5, [1a omonHu- TeNbHOFO NOBbILWEHMA CTabunbHOCTU Hallps>KeHMA CMCLICHMA UCNOMb3OBaHbI TeHepatopb! cra6MibHbIX TOKOB (ICT), B KaxecTBe KOTOPbIX MO2XKHO B M1po- cTeviem cily4ae UCIONb3OBaTb BbICOKOOMHDbIe pe3sMcTOpbl. TIpoctbre [CT paccmorpensi taxxe B KHure [4.1, 4.2]. Cxema, puc. 4.5, 3a CY¥eT NapaseNbHOrO BKMIOYCHUA HECKOAbKMX PeryAMPyIOUIUX IleMeHTOB R2,—R2, nosBonAeT KOMNeHCMpOBaTb He3aBMCMMO pyr OT Apyra HayasbHbIe HallpsKeHMA CMeleHMA HECKONbKMX OY. Ormeuy, TO B KadecTBe 3/IEMeCHTOB cra6uausaynn HavasIbHOTO CMelljeHMA MOTYT BbICTyMaTb He TOKO NONyTpOBOAHUKOBbIe repMaHMeBbie MIM KpeM- HMeBbIe [MObI UIM UX NOCMeMOBAaTeNIbHO BKMIOYCHHbIE LeMOuKU, HO M Crie- IMasIbHble SEMEHTHI, MpefHasHadeHHble [VIA cra6uimsaunn Halips>KeHUA — cra6ucropbt, cra6uiMTpoHbt, ClelMaM3MpoBaHHble MUKPOCXeMpbI, Puc. 4.6. Upyrue cnoco6pi komnexcarnn 6onee noppo6Ho u3si0x*KeHbI B MOHOrpa- oun [4.3].TNABA 5. 3ALUMTA OY OT NEPEFPY30K O6ecneyeHue HadexHocmu pabomb! paduoaneKMpOHHbIx cxeM Ag/AeMCA OOHOU U3 BaxKHEtWUX 3a0aY NDakmuYeckKozO UCNOsIb- 308aHUA KOMNOHeHMoe paduoaneKmpoHHoi annapamypol. B omHowenuu OY Haubonee yaseUMbIMU AB/IAIOMCA BXOOHbIe U @bIxOdHbIe Yenu, Yenu numaHuA. Bce smu yenu kpumuyHel k Gaxke BecbMa HenpodosKUMeNbHbIM nepexanpAxkeHuAM, Komopble Mozym BO3HUKAMb 6 pesynbmame 2po306blx U sneKmpocmamuueckux paspAdOB, NepexOOHbIX Npo- yeccos, HeucnpagHocmed no yenam numauua u m. 0. Bmopem no 3Ha4UMocMu 6 NNaHe Bepo”MHOzO NoepexdeHUA OY nped- cmagnaiomca nepeepy3ku no moky unu pacceueaemoli Mow- Hocmu. 3auuta BxogHbIx yenen OY Coser. [pu eei6ope cxem 3auyump! OY cnedyem yaumbigamb mom MomeHm, y¥mo- MHOeue COBpeMeHHbIe MUKPOCXeMb! yxKe UMeIOM BcMpoeHHy!o 3auUMy, Hanpumep, Ha cny4ati KopomKoz0 3aMbIKaHUA 6 Haepy3Ke, om nepezpeea umn. KoxcTpykyMoHHble Oco6eHHOCTU McHOMHEHMA M 9KCITyaTalMn MUKpO- cXeM O6bIYHO yKa3bIBalOT B TEXHMYeCKMX MaciiopTax M onmcaHMax. B Takux ONMcaHMAX O6A3aTENbHO yKa3bIBalOT MpepenbHO JONYCTMMbIe yCHOBMA 3KC- mlyaTaljMaM MMKpocxeM — MO HalipskeHMio NMTaHMA, NOTpe6msemomy TOKy, TOKy Harpy3Ku, MpeyenbHOMy ypOBHIO BXOMHDIX HaNpAKeHMH UM T. 1. CoBppemMeHHble MUKPOCXeMbI, YYUTHIBAA OMIT SKCHMyaTayMM M CTaTMCTUKy OTKa30B, 3a4aCTYO MMeWT BCTPOeHHYW CMCTeMY 3allMTbI, HalIpMMep, OT KOpOTKoro 3aMbIKaHMA B lel Harpy3ku. BMecTe c TeM, MHOrMe MOFOOHBIE YcOBepleHCTBOBAaHMA, MOBbIMAA Hafe2%KHOCTb YCTpOMcTB, MOryT 3aMeTHO YXYMMIMTb UX MHbIe BaxKHeMUIMe SKCIIyaTalMOHHble XapakTepUcTUKM, OCO- 6eHHo, 6sicTpopelitcrBne, pabory B O6macTM NOBbIMeHHEIX YacTOT. Han6onee npoctoit cnoco6 3aujuTsi BXOAHbIX Yereit OY mokasaH Ha puc. 5.1 1 puc. 5.2. OH 3akmioyaeTCA B MCIONb3OBaHMM AMOWHOTO OrpaHMan-28 Cxemorexnika. 500 ycrpoiicre Ha aHanoroBbix Mukpocxemax TENA, BbINMOMHEHHOLO Ha OCHOBE BCTPe4HO BKJIIOYCHHbIX BbICOKOYACTOTHbIX AMOAOB MU pesncTopa Rl, KOTOpbIit TIO COBMECTUTENbCTBY BXOAMT B COCTaB ycunutena Ha OY u onpepenser ero Koadduunent nepenayn. Mpumeuanve. i Hanomuv, umo Ona KpemHueewix Quodoe ozpaHuyeHue Hacmynaem npu eenuyuHe HaNpAxeHuA, NpuKnadbieaemoz0 K Ouodam, Npesbiuanwem 0,6—0,7B. Npu 6onee Hu3Kux HanpAxeHUAX uCdbI MOKHO Npakmuye- KU UCKMIOYUMb U3 3KBUBaNeHMHOL CXeMbI: UX conpomueneHue ymeuku O6bI4HO HaMHO2O NpeBbiliaem 1 MOM, a Benu4uHa emKocmu He npesbi- waem doneti — eduHuy nukogapad. Ana 2epmanueevix Guodoe nopoz wyHmupyiowezo Geticmeua nporena- emca npu HanpAxeHuax cebiwe 0,25—0,3 B, Mpu MeHewux HanpAxKeHUAX conpomuenenue ymeyku npuMepHo Ha NopAGOK Huxe, 4em OnA KpemHue- @bIx Quodoe; emKocmHble ceolicmea npuMepHO conocmaeumel. Ecmv ecTb HEOOXOJMMOCTb NOBbICMTh YpOBeHb BXOMHOTO CMrHasa, MOCTy- naiouero Ha Bxoy OY 6e3 orpaHMueHMA, [1A 3all{MTbI MO%KHO MCcTOMb3OBaTb TlOcnefoBaTeMbHy!0 Wenlouky M3 HECKONbKUX TepMaHMesbix U/Mim KpeMHMesBbIx Moos. Mx HanpwkeHus apudpMeTM4ecKM CyMMMpyloTCA; ia oGecrieveHua paBHoMepHocTu pacmipeje- -u NeHMA NayeHMa HanpsrKeHM NapannenbHO Puc. 5.1. Cxema uodHoz0 KaKOMY M3 AMOMOB cmexyeT NOAKMOUMTD ozpanuyumena npedenbHoeo ypoena +Pe3MCTOp conpoTMBmeHMem 0,5—2 MOm (sce @xodH020 HanpAmeHUA Ppe3McTopbI paBHoro HOMMHala). OxHMM M3 BapwaHToOB 3alljMTbI BXOAHEIX uenen OY apiaetca BKmO4eHNe Ha ero Bxoye (cumMetpw4Horo) cra6unuTpona m0 cxeme, mpefcTapreHHoM Ha puc. 5.3. B kayecTBe CMM- MeTPM4HOTO CTaGuMMTpOHa MOXKHO Mcrionb- 30BaTb [Ba (MM 6onee) BCTpedHO BKMIOYEH- Puc. 5.2. BapuaHm ebinonHeHua —- HbIX OHOTMMTHBIX CTabMIMTpoHa. 3aMeTHbIM cxembI OepaHusumenA HeJ[OCTaTKOM CXeM 3al|MTbI C MpuMeHeHne cTa6MMTpOHOB cnepyeT CUMTATb TO, YTO CTa- 6vMTpOHbI, Kak 9neMeHTHI Cyry60 HU3KOYa- CTOTHBIe, MMeWwllMe BbIPAKeHHbIe 3HATEHHA eMKOCTest MepexofOB M MX 3aBMCMMOCTb OT IIpuoxKeHHOTO HanpsxKeHMA, MoryT pabo- TaTb MMUIb B O6NaCcTH BECbMa HM3KMX YacTOT, Kak MpaBuno, fo 1 KIy. Puc. 5.3. Cxema 3aujumb! 6xodHbIx yeneti OY c ucnonesoeanuem . cummempuynozo cma6unumpoxa Tas sauyutel BXOAHbIX Yerlet OY or nepe- Halps2KeHUA MOXKHO MCIONb3OBaTb CXeMy,Tnawa 5. 3auuta OY ot neperpy30K 29 npepcraspnennyto Ha puc. 5.4. Tog nepe- HallpaxkeHMeM cneqyeT CUMTATb Takoe HallpsKeHMe Ha BXOfe, BEAMIMHa KOTO- poro npesbliiaeT HanipaxKeHMe MMTAaHNA MukpocxembI. PemmTb aty npo6nremy HECHOXKHO TIP MCIOMb30BaHMM AMOMHEIX yenouex VD1 u VD2, koroppie orkppiBa- 1OTCA M MOAKMOYAIOT BXON K WMHe TMTa- HMA IpM HanpsrkeHMM Ha Bxoye Ha JOM BOMbTa MIpeBbIMawleM HalipAxKeHne IIiMTaHMA MUKpocxembI. Cnenyioumit BapmanT BBINONHeEHKA Were 3auMTbI OCHOBaH Ha MCIIOMD30- Baum KMOII-Kommyrtatopa, ynpaB- NI€MOTO BXOMHBIM CMTHaNOM (monox%KM- TenbHOM MonapHocty). B cnyuae ecru HanlpsxkKeHMe Ha ylipaBiAloujeM BxoRe KMOII-kommytaropa npesbicuT ypoBeHb 0,6—0,7 oT HallpskeHua ero nuTaHuA, K104 KOMMYTaTOpa 3aMKHeTCA, OGectie- ume samy Bxoya OY. B npupefenHol Ha puc. 5.5 cxeme muranue KMOII-Kommytatopa ocymect- BIIAETCA HeMOcpefcTBEHHO OT BXOQHOTO CurHana: 3TO HalpskKeHMe B MOMOKM- TenbHOK NoAApHoctu yepes Ano, VD2 3apsKaeT HAKOMMTEMbHbIM KOHJeHCaTOp Cl u orpanuuupaetca crabunuTpoHOM VD1. Baugy Manoro sHepronotpe6meHua no yeni nuranus KMOI]-xommytatopa (yom Munnmamnepa) KoH,eHcaTop Cl o6pasyeT MMMpoBMsMpoBaHHbIM aHanor MCTOYHMKa NMTanus Mukpocxembi DA2. Puc. 5.4. Cxema duodHoti 3auumbI exodHeix yened OY Puc. 5.5. Cxema 3auyumb! 6xoOHbIX: yeneti OY c ucnonesoeanuem KMOTI- kommymamopa Puc, 5.6. BapuaHim cxembl same! exoda OY Iipusenennas sprue cxema o6ecnewuBaerT 3aujury Bxoya OY mpm yposue BXOHOTO HaNpsPKeEHMA, HESHAYMTeENbHO MpeBbillaloulero HalipsKeHMe cTabu- mu3ayuu crabunntpoxa VD1. IIpeqnonaraerca, 4To 9TO HanpsxKeHMe MeHDUIE WM paBHO HallpskKeHMI0 NuTaHMA MuKpocxempl DAI. O6ecneynTs sauuTy 10 BXOAHOMY CHTHaNy, YPOBEHb KOTOpOrO He MOET MpeBbIlllaTb HallpsrKeHVE nuranua OY (41M Ha JONM BONbTa IpeBOCXOMMT ero), MOXKHO Mp MicrIonb30- BaHMM CXeMHOFO ycTpolicTBa, MpeycTaBneHHOrO Ha puc. 5.6. Cnenyroujee TexH4eckoe pellieHue npeslycMaTpuBaeT KoppeKTHy10 pabory QN€MEHTA 3aLMTbI Ip [ByNONAPHOM BXOAHOM curHase (puc. 5.7). Ormery,30 Cxemorexnika. 500 ycrTpoiicTs Ha aHanoroBbix MAKpocKemax 4TO [1A MOBBIMEHKA YYBCTBMTENbHOCTM CXEMBI 3allMTbI IA MMTAHUA yMpaBialoulero BxOjJa KOMMyTaTOpa MOXKHO MCHOMb3OBaTb BbINpAMMTEMM- YMHOKUTENM BXOMHOTO curHama. MoxkHO TakwoKe MpemycMOTpeTb MpMHyAM- TebHOe CMellleHMe Ha¥atbHOro NOMOXKMTEMbHOTO HaNpAKeHMA Ha yrIpaB- nattoujem Bxoye KMOII-kommyraropa. Npumeuyanne. Cmoum HanomHume, umo 6onb- wuHcmeo KMOll-kommymamopoe cnoco6Ho pabomame do yacmom, He npeeoiwarouyux 1 Mu. TouHee roBops, mpefenbHbIe BO3- MO%KHOCTM TakKMX KOMMyTaTOpoOB Halips- My0 3aBMCAT OT HallppkeHMA MMTAaHMA Puc. 5.7. Bapuanm cxemb! sauyumet MMKPOCXeMbI KOMMYTaToOpa: YeM BIE exoda OY 9TO HallpaxKeHMe, TeM BbIlle YacTOTa kommyTaluu. J[mama30H 2ke MMTaIOUNx HanpaxeHun KMOII-xommytaropos OTeYeCTBEHHOTO MpOMsBOACTBa MeXKUT B unteppane 3—15 B. CooTsetcTsywmas BepXHAA MpepjenbHaa 4acTOTa KOMMyTa- UMM MOxKeT Mpu6nmxateca kK 4—5 MIy (qa coBpeMeHHEIX Mogenet KMOII- KOMMyTAaTOpoB). Bonee 6sicrpoyeitcrByromum amemex- TOM 3all[MTbI ABMAIOTCA TpaHsMcTop- ps é a _ Hble KM04M, CXeMa OfHOTO M3 BapMaHTOB ove Goione oasmuen mparsuemopce BBITIOMHEHMA KOTOpOrO TipuBeyeHa HYDKE moa nepemennoeo mona (cm. pac. 5.8). Kax 1 B npemurecrayionyix cnydaax 3eMeHTOM, IMMMTMpyIONMM BepXxHIOW 4acTOTy paborbI ycTpoitcTBa, ABNAeCTCA HaM6onee HUSKOYACTOTHaA AeTanb — crabunutpox VDS. B atoxt cBa3sn 9TOT 9eMeHT Lenecoo6pa3sHo 3aMeHMTb TpaH3MCTOpHbIM aHanoroM, BapMaHTbI kOTOporo onmcaHbI B MoHOrpadun [5.1]. Kak BapwanT BbINOMHeHMA YeNK 3allMTbI MO%KHO pacCMOTpeTb BKMIOUEH- Hy BO BxoqHy0 Wemb OY mocrosyo AMOyHy10 CXeMy, B {MaroHanb KOTOpON B Puc. 5.9. Cxema saujumes exodHbix uenet OY c ucnonb3oeaHuem naeuHHozo mpavH3ucmopa MUHBEPpCHOM BUjl€ BKIIOYCH 6unonapHbiitThana 5. aura OY ot neperpy30k 31 NaBMHHbI TpaHsuctop VT1 (puc. 5.9). [Ipo6oi rakoro TpansncTopa o6pI4HO Ha6moqaeTca Mp HanlpsxKeHMAx Nopagka 8—10 Bu 6ovee, B 3aBMCMMOCTH OT Tuma TpaH3McTopa, cm. TaKxe [5.1]. Npumeuanne. fj Ommeyy, umo o6eI4Ho NasuHHele mpaHsucmopel Npu Nodo6HOM pexume eknioyeHuA pabomocnoco6Hel Go yacmom He cebime 200KTuU. Ux aHa- ozu — OuHUCMopp! O6bI4HO pabomaiom Go yacmom He 6onee 1 KIy. Tia toro, uro6n1 orpaxuunTb mpe- NenbHoe HalipwkeHMe MeEXTy BxoyaMu OY, ucnonb3ytoT npoctenmmun qMonHDIK OrpaHMuMTenb, NOAKMOYeHHDIM K BXO- p nam OY (pyc. 5.10). IIpu manom Hanps- uc. a Soo 2KeHMM CONPOTMBIIEHMe OrpaHM4UuTenA Ha KPeMHMeBbIX AMOfax TIpeBbillaeT JeCATKM MeraoM, 3aTO MIpM Mocnepyroujem pocte aTOrO HalipwkeHua (mpm HanpAxKeHMM cBbie 0,6—0,7 B) skcnoHeHUManbHO CHU- aeTCA NO COTEH OM. OGNACT MPENEMBHBIXK py. 5.14, Cxema saujumel exodnerx yeneti pa6ounx YacToT AMOMHOM 3alMTEI OMpese- ‘OY cma6unumponamu jeTCA CBOMCTBAMM Kak camoro OY, Tak 4 THMOM Mcnonb3syeMbIx AMOAOB (opuexTu- poBouHo fo 10 MIu, T. K. Ha 6onee BbICOKUX Uex.1 YaCTOTaX HaYMHaloT CKa3bIBaTbCA EMKOCT- Hble CBOMCTBa 37IEMeHTOB CXeMBbI). YPOBEHb OrpaHUYeHUA MOXKHO CTYTICHYaTO MEHATD, —_Puc, 5.12. Cxema 3auyjumbs exodHbIX UCHONb3yA WelOUkKM MOcKesOBaTebHO yeneti OY cummempuyHem BK/IOYEHHDIX AMOTOB. cma6unumporom BapmaxiT cxembI 3all{MTbI BXOJHBIX Were OY c Mcrlomb30BaHMeM BCTpedHO BKOYEHHDIX CTAGMAMTPOHOB NpMBefeH Ha puc. 5.11. Kpome mapanenbHoro BKMIOYeHUA CTAOMAMTPOHOB, pic. 5.11, BO3MOXKHO M MX MOcMefOBaTeNbHoe BKMOYeHMe MIM MCMONb3OBaHMe CMMMeTPM4HOrO crabunuTpona, puc. 5.12. IIpumenennve cra6uinTpoHoB NosBOMAeT 3aMeTHO MOBbICMTD HalpsKeHKE 3al|MTbI, OMHAKO cy>KaeT O6macTb paboumx YacTOT ycTporicTBa. RI 3auyuta OY no yenam nutaHua TIpocrsm cnoco6om 3amuTEt OY oT nepenanpsKeHua Mo WenaM MMTaHMA ABNACTCA MCHONb3OBaHKe CTabMAMTpOHOR, puc. 5.13. OAHOBpeMeHHo peula- TCA 3aja4n 3alMTbI, CTaGMAMsaLMM HanpsPkKeHMA MMTaHnA, POpMMpoBaHHA uckyccTBeHHOM cpeyHelt TouKu. [Ipm HeBepHow MonApHOCTM No_KMOUeHMA32 Cxemotexnika. 500 ycrpoiicrs Ha aHanoroBbix Mukpocxemax RI Kuct. furans ‘VD2. R2 K-U - Puc, 5.13. Cxema saujumss Puc. 5.14. Cxema duodHois Puc. 5.15. Cxema OYno yenam numanua sauumes OY no yenam komOunuposanHoli sauyumer cucnonesoeaHuem numanua OYnouenam numanua cma6unumponoa Ha OY nojaetca HanpskeHMe, paBHoe MpaMomy Maje- HMO HanpskeHMA Ha cTabMAMTpOHaX, ¥TO He MpUBO- AMT k Noppexyjenuio OY. 7\MoqHo-pesvicTuBHaa santa, puc, 5.14, cmacaeT OY or HeBepHon MIONAPHOCTH MoyaBaeMoro HalipsKe- HMA, OfHaKO He 3all{MUaeT ero OT NepeHanpmKeHMA. Kom6uxuposannaa 3amjuta OY no yenam nmta- HMA, pic. 5.15, coueTaeT B ce6e JOCTOMHCTBa paHee PaccMOTpeHHbIX TexHM4eECKMX pemleHun. B cxeme UCNONb3OBaHa NapannenbHadA AMOWHAA 3alMTa C McHonb30BaHuem Mona VD3: np HeBepHO Monap- HOCTM MoqaHHOrO HalipAxKeHMA MpoMcXogUT KopoT- Koe 3aMbIKaHMe MCTOYHMKa MMTAaHMA Ha AMoy VD3, mlocne ¥ero NeperopaeT npenoxpanutenb FU] u cxema o6ecrouuBaetca. HeyocrarKm Takoro cXeMHOrO pellleHua TakoKe OYeBADHBI: * HeOOxOAMMOCTS McNONbsOBaHMA MOUHOrO AMORA 3auyuTE! VD3; * BO3MOX%KHOCTb NOBpexeHUA UCTOUHMKa NMTAHMA TIpM Mcnob30BaHMn cypporaTHOro MpeyoxpaHntens; . Heo6xoqMMocTb 3aMeHbI MpefoxpaHutTena, Bnpoyem, mocneqHMe mpo6nembI MoryT 6bITb pellleHb! 3aMeHO OMHO- pasoBoro aBKOrO MpefoxpaHUTens NOMYNPOBOAHUKOBLIM MHOTOpa3sOBbIM CaMOBOCCTaHaBAMBaloMMMca Npesoxpanutenem [5.2]. Tna orpanuuenns ToxKa, norpe6naemoro OY, ucnonpsyloT orpaxuuntenn Toka (reHepaToppI cra6ubHOrO ToKa), puic. 5.16. Puc, 5.16. Cxema oepanuyumens moxa OY 3auuta BbIxOAHbIx yenen OY Boixogubie yeu OY yauyje Bcero MoBpexqaloTca: * WIM B pesynbTatTe NepeHanpsaxKeHMit, BOSHMKAIMIMX Np pabote OY Ha MHAYKTMBHY! Harpy3sKy; ¢ MMM OT KOPOTKOFO 3aMbIKaHMA Harpy3Ku.Tnaga 5. 3auyuta OY or neperpy20k 33 Bapwant 3aujurbl BbIXOAHbIX Weneh OT MMIIybCOB HelpejlyCMOTpeHHOM WITaTHBIM P@KMMOM SKCIVyaTalj4u NOMAPHOCTM TIpuBe- We Ha puc. 5.17. Cra6uauTpon, moqKno4eHHbIit nmapan- NebHO COMpOTMB/IeHMIO Harpy3ku, orpaHw4n- BaeT IIpe{eMbHOe HalIpAxKeHMe BbIXOMHOTO CUT- Hasla (0 ypoBHsA HanipwxkeHuA crabunusalnn, puc. 5.18. Npumeyanue. Cnedyem yuecme, 4mo yacmomHaa o6nacm’ npumeHeHuA makozo cnoco6a 3aWuuMb! ozpaHuYeHa ~— emMKOCMHeIMU ceoticmeamu cma6unumpona (do eduHuYy kunozepu). Kpome TOrO, B 3ABMCMAMOCTNM OT BeIM4UHbI BbIXOJHOTO HallpAXxKCHUA 3AaMCTHO U3MCHA- eTcH U CMKOCTb cra6unuTpoua. STo MoxeT AONOMHUTEIbDHO UCKa3UTb ycunupaembiit cur- Hal, a mpu pa6ore Ha MH[YKTMBHY1O Harpy3ky BbI3BaTb pe3OHAHCHble MpoLeccst. OrpaHuunBair ItpepenbHbIit TOK Harpy3kn Uy CeMOBaTeNMbHO, salMulaeT TpaHsMcTopEr BbIXOMHBIX Yerielt OY or neperpy3sku orpann- Puc. 5.17. Cxema duodHow 3auyUMbI BbIxOdHbIX Yeneti OY Puc. 5.18. Cxema 3auumet ebIxodHoIx yeneti OY Cucnonbsoeanuem cma6unumpona +U Ry fet HoH, -U Puc. 5.19. Cxema ozpanusumena npedeneHoz0 moka Haepysku OY ¥MTelb TOKa (renepatop cra6umbHOrO ToKa), puc. 5.19. CnenyeT ormeTuTD, 4TO MHOrMe CoBpemMeHHbIe OY uMeor nogo6uble Wen 3aujuTbI Hemocpen- CTBCHHO B COCTaBe MMKPOCXeMBI.TAABA 6 CNOCOBbI PETYIMUPOBAHUA KOSOOULMEHTA NEPEAAYN YCUNUTENEN HA OY 3xcnayamayun OY 6 kayecmee ycunumena cnabelx cuzHanoe nodpazsymesaem @03MoxHOCMb u HeOo6xoduMocmb Hanpae- J@HHO MeHAMb e20 napamempol, nodcmpaueaA mem camoim ceoticmea mexHuyeckozo ycmpoticmea nod Hyde! nompebu- mena. B 3moti ceA3su @ecbMa akmyanbHbIm Bonpocom aKcnnya- mauuu OY 6b11a u ocmaemca npo6nema peeynupoeku ezo Ko3qp- q@uuyuenma nepedauu 8 onpedeneHHeix npedenax u no 3adaH- HOMY 3QKOHy. Bapmaxtpt cnoco6os peryauposku Kospuumenta 1x x Tepeqayn M Mx COMOCTaBMUTeNbHbie XApaKTepUCTUKM B "i rpaduueckom mpeycrasnennn [6.1] mpuBepeHs HIDKe. Koshduunent nepegaun (ycunenna) ycunu- tena Ha OY, puc. 6.1 [6.2], MoxkHO onpeyenuTs Kak K=—_, x41, puc. 6.2. Puc. 6.1. Cxema l-x ycunumena Ha OY Koacduunent nepegaun (ycunenua) ycunmrena Ha cnnaeHousmensemoim OY, puc. 6.3, BbINOHeEHHOrO B BME ABYX MocnepoBa- KoadpuyueHmom “ nepedauu Kab 40; -4of H+ 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 x Puc. 6.2. Xapaxmepucmuku ycunumenn, Puc. 6.3. Cxema ycunumena na puc. 6.1, npu peeynupoeke nomenuuomempa OY c keadpamuyiio usmeHembin R1,x— dona nomexuuomempa R1 koapuyueHmom nepedayuThaea 6. Cnoco6si perynuposanua KoabuuynenTa nepegaun ycunurenelt Ha OY 35 TENbHO BKMOYeHHEIX KackayoB (pic. 6.1) co cCHBOeHHEIM MOTeHLMOMeTpoM xy R1, MoxHo onpefenuTp Kak: K = (4) »x#i, -x EciM BKOYNT MOCMeTOBAaTEMbHO HECKONKO MOOGHBIX KacKalOB, MOXKHO NONYYUTH YCMAMTENb, BbIXOHOE HalIpAxKeHMe KOTOpOrO perynupyeTca 110 3aKOHy : «-(4) »x#i, 1-x Tye N — KONM4eCTBO KacKaloB, puic. 6.4. ie x Se Puc. 6.4. Cxema ycunumens Ha OY co cmeneHHtim usMeHeHuem Koagauyuenma nepedauu Perynmposounble xapakTepucTUKM CMHXpOHHO perynmMpyembix 2-x, 3-x, 5-u wt 10-m KackayjHbIx ycunMTene’ NoKasaHbi Ha pic. 6.5. Cxema perymuposku Koaduymenta nepegain ycunutena Ha OY, npep- noxeHHaa BygBapyom [6.3], moKa3aHa Ha puc. 6.6. Koaduynent nepeqan ycunnrensa onpejensetca Kak K = (+42), x#0. x K26 n=10 n=5 n=3 n=2 Koaccuunent ycunenna ycunu- 40: Tena Ha OY, pyc. 6.7, MOxKHO orpe- 30: 20: WenmutTb Kak: Kate R2 LR, . xR1 RI ° puc. 6.8. ~10} |_| -20: 40. - 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 x Puc, 6.5. Pezynuposourible xapaxmepucmuKu Puc. 6.6. Cxema ycunumena MHozoKackadHbIx (n=2; 10) Ha OY c peeynupyembim CUHXpoHHo peeynupyemeix ycunumeneti, puc. 6.4 koadpuyueHmom ycueHuA36 Cxemotexnika, 500 ycrpoiicrs Ha aHanorosbix MMKpocKeMmax 40. Kab 35: 30; 25; 20: 3 Puc. 6.7. BapuaHm cxembl ekmoyeHuA -10 4 Ppezynamopa ycunenua 35 4 0 — + 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 : x Puc, 6.8. Xapaxmepucmuku ycunumena, puc. 6.7, npu peeynuposke nomeHyuomempa R3,x— dona nomenyuomempa R3. R2/R1: 1—10;2—. —2;4—1 UYacrupim cily4aem upey[cTraBieHHon Ha puc. 6.9 cXeMbI ABNIAeTCA CXeMa BKJHOYEHMA ONlepal\MOHHOLO YCMIMTEIA C pesMCTMBHBIM JenMTeNeM B Wenn o6parnoi cBa3u, puc. 6.7. Koauymext nepeyayn 10 Mojymio Takoro ycu- MMATCHA OMIpeyenActcA Kak: 1 R2R4 K=—| R2+R4+ . R1 R3 TIpu Bappuposaliun HOMMHaNOB pesMcTOpos YcuMTeNA, B YACTHOCTH, pK 3ameHe pesucropa R3 Ha NOTeHIIMOMeTP, MOXKHO NOMYAMTb Cepuio XapakTepu- cTM4ecKUX KpUuBbIX, puc. 6.10 (R1=R3; R2=R4=100 kOm). [pu x0 unv npn 25 80-7" 70 60 50 : 40 2 30 3 t 20 4 Puc. 6.9. Crema eknouenus a 5 onepayuonnozo ycunumena Cpesucmuetio Senumenem of +4 pala 6 yenu o6pamnoti caa3u 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 x Puc. 6.10. Xapakmepucmuku ycunumena, puc. 6.9, npu ucnonb3oeaHuu 6 kayecmee R3 nomenuuomempa, x — dona nomenuuomempa R3, 20e R3: 1 — 10;2 — 20; 3 — 33,3; 4 — 50;5 — 100 KOMTnasa 6. Cnoco6e! perynuposanua KoappnynerTa nepenaun ycunuTenen Ha OY 7 R3>0 dopmyna ya onpepenenua K He TIpMMeHuMa, MockonbKy opMambHO KoauunexT nepeqan crpeMutca Kk 6ecKkoHedHOCTU. . B ycunmrene Ipama, puc. 6.11 [6.4, 6.5], Koxpuunent ycunenua K npn perynuposke norenymomerpa R1 Puc. 6.11. Cxema ycunumena . Ipama cusmennembim U3SMCHACTCA B Mpejeiax OT —N lO n: Koabpuyuenmom ycunenua K =—[R4/R2—x(1+R4/R2+R4/R3)} Kn rye x — YacTb (Yona) conpoTuBneHua moTeHyMometpa R1 MeExay ABYOKKOM uv o6mer mMHOM. TIpm ycnosum R2=R4/n wu § R3=R4/(n-1), re n>1, K=—n(i-2x). 0 Tak, HanpMMep, pv McMOMb3OBaHUM -5 B kayectse DAI ycunurens LM741, R1=R2=10 xOm, R3=11,11 xOm, t R4=100 xOm, T. e. np n=10, Koap- ~® in -204 uunent nepenain ycrpolicrea mpu ~*°o"S op "o's 0.4 0,5 016 07 0/8 0.8 1.0 15: 10 kpamHux TIONOHKEHUAX JBYOKKa MOTCH- x uMometpa RI cocrapaaer 20 0B (10 Puc. 6.12. Peeynuposounpie pas), a B ero cpeyiiem nonoxenunt xapakmepucmuxu ycunumena [pama, x — dona nomenyuomempa R1 nayaer qo -67 OB (3asucur or Tow- P HOCTM Nog6opa aeMeHTOB CXeMBI M B ujleane CTpeMMTCA K Hy/0), puc. 6.12. Tlockoabky peryim“poBounad KpuBas yCMAMTeNA TOUTM CAMMeTpM4Ha, noTenymometp R1 MoxKHO pa3qeMTb Ha [Ba paBHbIX 10 HOMMHally compo- TUBNEHMA, OHO U3 KOTOPbIX — TepemeHHoe. Npumeyanne. il Cnedyem yuumbieamb yHukasibHylo ocobeHHOCMb ycmpoticmea: 6 BepxHeM no cxeme nonoxeHuu OeuxKa nomeHyuomempa R1 ycunumenb He uHBep- mupyem hazy exodHoeo cuzHana, a 6 HuxkHeEM — uHeepmupyem. Sro cBoitctBo ycunntens IpamMa MOXKHO McHomb30BaTb AIA GanaHcupoBKn NpoTMBodasHbix CMrHaOB B M3MepuTeMbHOM M Ipeo6pasoBaTebHON Tex- HMKe. Koahduunent ycunenua HevnBeptupyiounx ycunureneit (puc. 6.13, 6.14) onpeyensetca Kak K =1+R2/R1. 3STo Boipaxkenve cnpaBesyimBo mpu ycroBuu, 4TO COMPOTMBMeHMe MCTOUHMKa CMTHasa CTpeMMTCA K HyMH0, BXOJHOe compo- TMBNeHMe ONepal\MOHHOrO ycumMTeNA M ero Kos uunexT ycunenua npn pasOMKHyTOM NeTIe O6paTHoH cBABM (T. e. MpeseMbHbI) — K 6ecKOHEYHOCTH.38 Cxemorexninka. 500 ycrporicrs Ha aHamoroBbix MiKpOCxemax Rt Kucr. nuranina vo2 Re Puc. 6.13. Cxema neuneepmupyiousezo ycunumena cnnaeno peeynupyemeim koagbuyuenmom ycunenua Puc. 6.14, Bapuanm cxemer Heunsepmupyrowezo ycunumena cnnaeno pezynupyembim koa(bpuyuenmom ycunenua Puc, 6.15. Bapuanm cxemer exmioueHua onepayuonHoz0 ycunumens c duckpemHo usmeraemeim KoacpuyueHmom nepedasu Puc. 6.16. Bapuanm ebinonHeHua ycunumena co cmynenuamo usmennembim koaqbpuyuenmom nepedavu Coorsercrsywulee BbIPakeHMe WIA MHBep- TMpylwmux ycuuuTenew, oTAMYaWUMxCA TOMbKO BKMO4eHMeM BXOJOB OMepal|MoHHoro ycunutens, 3amuuletca Tak: K = —R2/R1. 3nak MMHYC O3HaYaeT CABMT BbIXOQHOTO CurHana Ha 180 rpag. Kosoguynent nepegaun ycunutena Ha ocHose OY (puc. 6.15 1 6.16) MoxkHo cTyneH- 4YaTO Me€HATD, MCNOMbSYA MHOTONO3MIMOHHbIN Mepekmioyatenb. O6nl4HO STOT KoapunnenT MeHAIOT B COOTHOWeHNH 1:10:100..., xoTA MoryT 6bITb UcNOMD3OBaHbI M MHbIe COOTHOMIEHKA, Hanpumep, 1:2: ae B cxeme mHBeptupyloujero ycunutena Bua ¢ BapbupyembIM KosduuMeHTOM ycuneHua, puc. 6.17 [6.6], koaduynext nepeyain ycrpoit- CTBa peryiMpywT, M3MeHAA COOTHOMEeHME M@KY CMrHaaMM, MOCTyMaouMMM Ha BXO]bI olepaumounHoro ycunutena DAL. Z[na peanvsayuu ycunutena Heo6xoqMmo, yto6pr R1=R3, R2=R4, rorga K,,=—-R2/R1, TOU- Hee, K,,=—(R2-R4)/(R1+R4), R,,=(R1+R3)/2. IIpaxtuyecku mpu R1=R3=2 xOm, R2=R4=200 «Om koabguunvent nepeqain ycumtena Ha MuKpocxeme 74] usmeHseTcA B Mmpegenax oT 40 0B (R4=0 xOm) yo —40 0B (R4=198 xOm)... -92 0B (R4=200 xOm), puc. 6.18. Tipu R4=100 xOm Koadduynent Tepeyaan ycrpoitctBa 61M30K K 1. PerynupoBounbiit sneMeHT B Cxeme ycunn- Tens Baya MO%XKHO BKMIOYUTD 10 HeECKOMbKO BUJOU3MeHeHHOMy BapvaHry, puc. 6.19 [6.7]. B MIpMBefeHHOH cxeme MepBbit Kackay yCMNeHUA, BbINIOHeHHbIM Ha MUKpocxeme DAI, o6ecneun- BaeT KospuyMenT ycunenna (R2/R1+1)=20. Homuuanbi pesuctopos BToporo Kackajl, KOTO- pbiit, co6cTBeHHO, u oGecreumBaerT perymMpoBa- Hue Kosdounventa nepezaun B WIMpoKoM AMa- Tla30HE OT NOMOKMTEMHDIX JO OTPUYaTeMbHbIX 3HaYeHMi, JOMKHDI OTBEYaTb Ciefy!OUJMM COOT- HouleHuam: R3=R4=R6=R5/2=R. Torya koad- cpuument nepeqaun kackafa MOoKHO OMpeyenuTDTnasa 6. Cnoco6t perynmposanna koadonynenra nepefiaun ycunmrenei Ha OY 39 kak (1—R5/R)/2, a Bcero ycunu- tena — 10(1—RS5/R). Ipaduk 3aBn- cumocTn Koapdunnenta nepeqain ycuMTensaA Ip M3MeHeHMM yrna MOBOpoTa ABMKKa NOTeHUMOMeTpa RS mpupepen Ha puc. 6.20. Puc, 6.17. Cxema ycunumena Npumeuanve. Buya c peeynupyembim Tpeumywecmeom — makoeo koagxpuyuenmom nepedauu cnoco6a peeynuposanua aensemca cmpozo nunetnan 49X25 3aeucUuMocMb —-u3MeHeHUA Koa@quyuuenma nepedayu om senuyuHe! conpomuenenua 20 Pezynuposo4Ho2o NomeHUUO- 10 mempa. +H ~10 Cxemy ycnaurena Bua (puc. 6.21) MO2KHO MCIIONb3OBaTb M B KayecTBe ~20 aHanorosoro Kmio4a. Koadpduinent -30 Tlepewqad K71104a BO BKJIIOUCHHOM CTO _4g, +t +++} + + cocTosHun paBen 1 (mp ycnosun —0 «10.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 RI=R2=R3=R4), pasMax BxoqHoro Puc. 6.18. Pezynuposounbie curHayia He JO/DKeH NpeBbuuaTb 1,2 B. xapakmepucmuku ycunumena Buya, BxoyHoe compoTuBreHue Kmio4a (1 x — donA nomenyuomempa R4 yeunutensa, pic. 6.17) onpeyensetca kak (R1+R3)/2. Korg Ha Bxoy, Uynp, HOCTyNaeT YPOBeHb NOTMYECKON eMHMUDT (2,4—4 B), Tpansuctop VT Hacpiljaetca M MoAKMoyaeT pesuctop R4 k o6ujew ume, B pesymbTaTe cMrHan ocma6naeTca Ha 70—90 OB. Tak, Hampumep, npu R1=R2=R3=R4=100 kOm xoahouynent ocna6nenua BxofHoro curHana cocrapmser 70 OB. . IIpu nocrynmennn Ha Bxoy U,,,, YPOBHA Morm4eckoro HYAA TpaH3sMcTop VT1 sanmupaetca, curHan MpoxogMT Ha BEIKON ycunnTens Ges oTepp. Koahduunext nepegaun ycunutena Purtepa, puc. 6.22 [6.8, 6.9], MookHO OnpeeIMTb U3 BhIPAKeHUA: k=20lg R4 (+2 alt R2+xR3 || R4. 1—x RI Tye x — Rona conpoTusnennua R3, nopkmo4eHHaA K HEMHBepTMpylomlero Bxoya OY.40 Cxemorexninka. 500 ycrpolicrs Ha aHanoroabix MAKpocxemax Kab Puc. 6.19. Cxema moducpuyuposanHozo ycunumena bua Jott 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 x Puc. 6.20. Peeynuposounbie xapakmepucmuKu mo@udbuyuposarHozo ycunumena Buya, x — dona nomeHyuomempa R5 Ha puc. 6.23 npuBepena 3aBucuMmoctTD koapuyverta Nepewain ycuinTena Purrepa npu perynuposke norentjMometpa R3: kpusan 1 — np RI=R2=1 xOm, R3=10 xOm, R4=100 xOm; kpupas 2 — npu RI=R2=R3=R4=1 xOm. YnpowenHbI BapuanT cxembi Purtepa, MpeAcTaBieHHbI Ha puc. 6.22, 6.24, ormmuaeTca oTcyTcTBMem pesuctopa R1 (pwc. 6.22, Rl). PerynupoBounble XapakTepUcTUKM YCMIMTeMA NpMBeeHbI Ha pUic. 6.25. Xopoulo u3BecTHO, ITO KoappulMeHT Nepesayn ONepayMoHHoro ycunn- TeNA B TUMOBOM BKIOYeHMM OMpejensetca Kak 1+R2/R3, T. e. HM Mp KaKUx o6crosTenbcTBax He MOxeT ObITD HOKE EAMHMUSI. ChenaTb ynpaBiaembiit kK, 60. BB 50) 40 30 2 20 Puc, 6.21. BapuaHm cxembl 6binonHeHuA 10 a@Hanoz060z0 KninNa 0 7 Usx. RI R4 Useix. RS . ‘DAI 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 05 0,6 R2 Puc, 6.22. Cxema ycunumena Pummepa Puc. 6.23. Peeynuposouneie cpeeynupyemom Ko3dcbuuueHmom nepedauu xapakmepucmuku ycunumens PummepaTapa 6. Cnoco6e1 perynuposanua Koadpuynerta nepenaun ycunurenei Ha OY arTeHioaTop c perynmupyembim Koacp- uuvextom nepeyauu or 0 nm Bpre ynanocb ®, Enceny [6.10], koropprit UCHONb3OBAaN CABOCHHbIM NOTEHMO- MeTPp B BBIXOJHDIX Lenax ycuMTeNA, puc. 6.26, 6.27. [naBHbiM jlevicTBy1W- UMM 3/IEMeHTOM, perynupywoulMit ob6unHt KosppuynenT nepeyain ycrpolictsa, ABIAeTCA CRBOCHHBIM nmorenynomertp R3, R4, puc. 6.27. TlorenMometp Bkmi0O4eH TakKMM o6pa3om, 4To6pI mp yBenuyenun 3HaYeHMA CONpoTMBNeHMA NOTeHUN- ometpa R3 foma HanpsxKeHMA, CHU- MaeMOTO C JBYKKa TOTeHIMOMeTpa R4, Bospacrana. | Npumeuyanue. Ommeyy, 4mo nodo6Hoe ycmpoticm6o MoxHO 6b1/10 6bI peanuz0gamb zopa3d0 npowe, Npumenue 6 Kayecmee peeyna- mopa ecezo ou nomeHuuo- memp. 4 RS Useix. Uax. DAT RI Puc. 6.24. YnpoujeHHoili eapuaHm ycunumena Pummepa c pezynupyembin koacppuyuenmom nepedasu 1} + 40,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 * Puc. 6.25. Peeynuposounie xapaxmepucmuku ynpowerHoz0 eapuanma ycunumena Pummepa 0. 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0, Yeunurenb [6.8], mpey[craBreHHbIt Ha puc. 6.28, MOsBOMAeT IIpM UcTIONb- 30BaHUM ONHOTO NOTeHUMOMeTpa peryMMpOBaTb YPOBeHb BbIXOMHOTO CMTHasa: B mpeyemax ot —k yo k, OB. DAI NESS32 Ue» cau Puc. 6.26. Cxema ycunumens-ammexioamopa Encena c Kompepuyuenmom nepedasu Ha Heuveepmupyloujem onepayuoHHoM ycunumene kK 4028 30 20 10 0 -10 ~40 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 09 1,0 x Puc. 6.27. Peeynuposounele xapaxmepucmuku ycunumena-ammenioamopa ExceHa, x — dona nomenyuomempa R3, R442 CxemorexHinka. 500 ycrpoiicTs Ha aHanoroBbix MAKPOCKeMaXx Ka Puc. 6.28. Cxema ycunumens c peeynupyembim e npedenax om —k do k xoaqbpuyueHmom nepedauu Ha HeuHeepmupyroujem ‘onepayuontiom ycunumene 40 + + 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 x Puc. 6.29. Peeynuposounbie xapaxmepucmuku ycunumenn, puc. 6.28, x — dona nomeHyuomempa R3 Kospuyent ycunenua HeunBeptupyioujero ycunutensa K,, MoxHO xR3 ompeyenutb kak K\. =1+—— . Hampsxenne 8B Touxe A paBHo U,=U_K... iP Ye Rl 'P P AU Kye U Hamnps>kenne Ha Bbixoge ycrponctsa U,,,, 4. CneqoBarenbHo, MToro- l+x— 4 Bolt KOIpdulvent nepeyain ycrpoicrBa, OB, np ycnosun R1=R4=R MoxKHO R+xR3 5) R+d—aR3 cumocts k(x) mp R1= =2 xOm, R3=200 xOm (R2=1 MOm). [pu R3>>R u x=0,1—0,9 MookHO BOCMOAD30BaTHCA MIPUGNMxKEHHOM 3aBMCMMOCTbHO: HaitTv u3 BbIpaxenna: k = 20]; . Ha puc. 6.29 noKkasaHa 3aBu- x k= 201g) —— |. 1-x Euje ogmH ycunmtenb Bygsapna [6.11], mpeycrapnenHpiit Ha puc. 6.30, BbINOMHeH Ha [BYX OMepal{MOHHBIX YCUIMTENAX, ero KoapuyMeHT Nepewayn He 3aBMCUT OT HOMMHAsa peryiMpylollero S1eMeHTa — MOTeHIMOMeTpa R2, 1—x )R3 uw ompeyenstetca Kak K = = Ire ** 0. Perynuposounpie xapakrepucTuKn ycunutensa npuBeyensi Ha puc. 6.31. CuHxpoHHoe m ujeanbHO cormacoBaHHoe u3sMeHeHNe Koadpuynenta Nepeyaiu ABYXKaHabHOTO YCMAMTENA pM MCONb3OBaHMM EMHCTBEHHOTO oprana ynpaBieHua — noTeHuMoMeTpa BO3MOXHO Tipu MocTpoenun ycunu- TenA 10 CxeMe, NpuBeseHHON Ha puc. 6.32 [6.12].Thana 6. Cnoco6e1 perynuposakna KoadpuunenTa nepenayn ycunnTenent Ha OY 43 30: K, 25 20 a 10; 0. -10F Puc. 6.30. Cxema ycunumena Bydeapda -20 Ha deyx OY 40, ++ 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0.8 0,9 1,0 x Puc. 6.31. Peeynupogourele xapakmepucmuku ycunumens, puc. 6.30, x — dona nomenyuomempa R2, R1=R3 RI 10x R2_100K Puc. 6.32. Cxema deyxkaHanbHozo peeynamopa yposHa cuzHana CucnonesoeaHuem odHoz0 nomeHuuoMempa Ycunutenb COCTONT U3 ABYX SNEKTPUYeECKM He CBAZAHHbIX Y3IOB, COCTOAHUE KOTOPbIX, O4HaKO, ONpefenseTCA NOMOKeEHKeM ABYKKa NOTeHUMOMeTpa RS. PesucTMBHble 3yieMeHTbI CXeMbI OMpefeneHbI M3 ycnoBua: RI=R3=R10=R11=R; R2=R4=R12=R,.44 Cxemotexnuka, 500 ycrpoiicrs Ha aHanoroBbix muKpocKeMax Koagduumenr nepeqaun BepxHero Mo cxeme ysia orlpefenaeTca BbIparke- R4 R, Huem K = (uv) = (ee), rye k — yona notenunomertpa R5 (0O—1,0). Zia HypKHero Mo cxeme yaya HallpskeHue Ha BEIXoAe OY DA2 onpenens- eTca Kak U, U,,,(1-h)| we |. PesucTuBHbiit jenutenb R—R, yen ro orpuijatenbHont o6patHon cBa3su OY DA3 (ero koadcuyment nepejauu Ha pux.DA2— R, MHBepTupyiouynii Bxo] OY DA3 paper mun yMeHbWaeT 9TO HallpsKeHMe + G Ha uuBeprupyioujem Bxoe OY DA3 po U,,,(1—k). Mockonpxy Ha HemHBep- TMPYIOUleM BxOFe STON MUKPOCXeMbI HalipsKeHKMe paBHo U,,,, TO, c yIeTOM Koapduunenta nepeqain OY DA3, HampsKenve Ha BbIXOfe KaHama paBHO R Us. Hr+Re |. CreqoBaTenbHO, MPH M3MeHeHMM NONOKeHUA ABYDKKa yTIpaB- nalouero NoTeHl\Momerpa RS Kospuywent nepeyain o6oux Kanasos ycu- Tena GyeT M3MeHATHCA B paBHOM CTeneHU. Jina o6ecnevennsa HyneBoro Koauymenta Nepesai HYOKHerO KaHana ycuuTens pu KpaitHemM BepxXHMM NOMOKeHMM [BYOKKa MOTeHIMOMeTpa RS TIpousBoyAT perynMpoBky NoTeHUMoMeTpa R7.TABA 7. NPMUMEHEHME ONEPAL|MOHHbIX YCUIUTENEN Alma npaxmuyeckozo ucnonb30eanun OY HacywHou nompeb- HOCMbIO ABNAeEMCA 3HaHUe MoOzO, KAaK NoBedem cebA peanbHolti ycunumenib 6 mot unu UO MunoBotl UNU OpUueUHanbHou cxeme ekmo4eHuA, Oco6eHHO Npu BapupoBaHuU HOMUHas08 U cnoco- 606 nodkntoveHUA BHEWHUX, HaBecHbIx anemeHmos. Basa OaH- HeIX NO OcobeHHOCMAM aKCNAYyamauuuU U BepoAMHEIM (oxKUdae- Mbim) xapakmepucmukam paduoanekmpoHHelx CxeM Ha OCHOBe OY no3eonum 3amemHo o6neeyumb pabomy cneyuanucma, a nio6umena — edoxHosumb Ha noucku nymeti u3yyeHuA unU cogepwieHcmBoBaHuA CxeM eksio4eHuA OY, — PaccMoTpuM jlanee OCHOBHbIe OcobeH- Usx. 1 co Uspix HOCTM BKMO4eHMA UM oKCIINyaTayun OY. Ha puc. 7.1 npuBeyena TuMOBaa, cCTaHfapT- Has cxema Bkmio4eHua OY c napannenpHont Puc. 7.1. Tunoeaa cxema exnioveHua o6paTHomw cBA3bI0 MIM TaK Ha3blBaemoro ‘onepayuontozo ycunumena wuHBepTupyloujero ycunutens. Ha puc. 7.2 cnapannensxoti o6pamuoii ceazvio (uHeepmupyrouuti ycunumene) K,a6 R2=1000 KOM 60 = 10 10K. 100K 1M Puc. 7.2. 3aeucumocme koaqxpuyuenma nepedayu uNeepmupyiouezo ycunumena (puc. 7.1) npu eapeuposaHuu Homunana pesucmopa R2.R1=1 KOM, DAI UA709C (K553YA11A)46 Cxemotexnika, 500 ycrpoiicrs Ha aHanoroBbix MuKpocKemax Ri Re A R2 Usx, 10K 10K Usx. 10K 10x NOT | asx ~ + Isai SAT Puc. 7.3. Cxema nosmopumena/ Puc. 7.4. Bapuaum cxemot uneepmopa exodHoz0 cuzHana ~—-—-: noemopumena/uneepmopa @xoOHOz0 CuzHana TIpMBeyeHO CeMesicTBO YaCTOTHbIX 3aBMCMMOCTeIt koappuymenta nepexayn noyo6uoro ycunutTena Ip BapbMpoBaHMu HOMMHala pesucTopa R2. VUcnons3ya TunoBylo cxemy BKmO4eHKA OY, HeCIOXKHO MpexyCMOTPeTb BO3MOXKHOCTD BEITION- HeHMA BbIGMpaemoro NO YCMOTpeHMi0 MOb30Ba- TeNA IOBTOpMTenA/MHBepTOpa BXOWHOTO CMTHama, puc. 7.3, 7.4 [7.1]. Knaccuyeckuit MHBeprupyloumn ycunnTenb Mu ero aMIMIMTYy{HaA XapakTepMcTMKa NIpMBepeHa Ha puc. 7.5. BapwaHT peanu3zauun He“HBepTupyiwujero ycunutensa MoKa3aH Ha puc. 7.6. Tlostoputenb Hanpsxenua (puc. 7.7) mpey- cTaBaaeT CoG YacTHbIM cnyyai HeMHBepTUpy- TOUeTO YCMIMTENA, CM. BbILe, YTO BLITIONHACTCA mpu Rl=ce, R2=0. Koadduunent mepeyaq Takoro yctpoutctBa 61n30x k equnuye. losroputenn HallpsoKeHUA IpMMeHAIOT, TIaBHbIM O6pa3zom, WIA COrMacoBaHMaA COMpPOTMBNeEHM MCTOUHMKAa curHana M Harpy3ku. “Un Puc. 7.5. Cxema uneepmupyrowezo ycunumena 'ueeo amnumydHan xapakmepucmuka Puc. 7.6. Cxema Heuneepmupyrowezo ycunumena ue20 amnnumydnan xapaxmepucmuka Tipu oxBate OY nomoxkutenbHont o6paTHolt cBa3b10 (puc. 7.8) ero amnmm- TyHas XapakTepucTuka MpMHMMaeT BM, NOKasaHHbIit Ha puc. 7.8 c BbIpa- 2KeHHOM MeTNel ructepesuca. Puc. 7.7. Cxema nosmopumens HanpaxeHua u eo aMnnumydHaa xapakmepucmuKaTnasa 7. NpameneHue onepaywoHHeix ycunuTeneh 47 Ux. Puc. 7.8. Cxema OY c nonoxumensHoii o6pamHols Puc, 7.9. Cxenta munogozo YHY Ha OY cenabi0 u ez0 amnnumy3Haa xapaxmepucmuka Tlonoca nponyckaHua ycunutTena (3anMBKa CepbIM LBeTOM), CM. TpapuK Ha puc. 7.9, puc. 7.10, ompepensetca o6nacTbWO 4acTOT, B Mpefenax KOTOpO Koauynent ycuyleHus MMeeT MaKCMMA€/JIbHO BO3MOX%KHOE JIA aHHOTO ycu- MTeNA 3HAYeHMe, CHYDKAACb M0 KpasiM MomocbI He Gonee, yem Ha 3 OB (0,707 OT MCXOWHOPO, MaKCMMasIbHOrO yposHa). Ina ycunuteneit NOcTOAHHOrO TOKa HWKHAA TpaHMlla yCuIMBaeMoro [Ma- m1a30Ha YacToT paBHa 0 [4, BepxHAA — oMpeffenAeTcA KOHCTpYKUMOHHBIMK oco6eHHocTamu camoro OY. [na ycunutenet nepemMeHHOro TOKa EMKOCTb KoHAeHcaTopa Cl, npu Kotopo#t YH Ha OY umeer crag Ha yposHe 3 0B B 1 #Y 2nRIC1 Hanpumep, aia R1=1 xOm, C1l=1 mk® HywKHaA rpanuua yCuIMBaeMbIXx “actor ycunutena cocrasut 160 Ty, mpu C1=10 mx® — 16 Ty ut. 4. Ormery, uTo wa C1=100 mk® pacueTHoe 3Ha¥eHVMe HECKOAbKO OTAM4AeTCA OT Teope- HM3KOYACTOTHOM O6NacTH, OMpenenseTca M3 BLIPAKEHUA: f,, 1 10 wo, 10K 100K Puc. 7.10. AmnnumydHo-vacmomHbie xapaxmepucmuku munogozo YHY na OY. Kondencamopet Clu C2: 1 — 100 mx@; 2 — 10 mx; 3 — 1 mK@. DAT UA709C48 Cxemotextika. 500 ycrpoiicTs Ha aHanorosbix MuKpocxemax DAI. R2 a7 Useix. C1 Puc, 7.11. Cxema yeenueHua ebixodHoz0 MoKA onepayuonHerx ycunumenedi Puc. 7.13. Cxema yeenuyenua ebixodHow MowHocmu YHY Ha ocHose onepayuoHHozo ycunumena Puc. 7.14, Bapuanm cxemo! yeenuyenua ebixodHOl MowHocmu YHY Ha ocHoBe onepayuorHozo ycunumena Ra Re [re 0,047m« == Puc. 7.12. Cxema ycunumena mowwHocmu c ucnonbsoeaHuem OY tTuxyeckoro. BepxHee 3HayeHue rpa- HMUbI YCMIMBaeMbIX yCTPOuCTBOM YaCTOT He 3aBMCMT OT HOMMHAMOB eMKocTem KOH,eHCaTOpoB Cl u C2 uw coctaBaser 10 xy. Koaduunent ycunenua YHU onpepensetca coor- HouleHvem R2/R1 u coctasnaert 40 05 (100 pas). Onepayuonunpre ycunutenu O6bINHO MMEIOT MasIbIt BBIXOAHON TOK, sa4acTylo HegocTaTOUNDIit AA o6e- cileueHua Tpe6yemoro Toka Harpy3ku. KpatHo mo uncay sapeltcTBOBaHHBIX Ollepal{MoHHbIX ycunuTeneit MoxKHO yBeNMUMTb ITOT TOK, pu. 7.11 [7.2]. Koagduunent nepegaun ycrpoiictBa pape equnuye. IIpu Heo6xo_umo- CTM YCMIMTb cMrHam cxemy jonon- HAIOT pesMcTMBHOM YenouKoN Ra, Rb, OTHOLIeHMe HOMMHaNOB pe3sMcTopoB KoTopom onpepenner Koapuynent ycunenua. [lonyTHo OTMeTMM, 4¥TO Ip NOAOGHOM crocoGe BKTIOYeHMA aNe- MeHTOB B Vfl, rye N — KOMMU4ECTBO NapaseMbHO BKOYeHHBIX YCuIMTeNen, CHYDKaeTCA LYM yCTpoucTBa, Uns yMoujHeHmsa BpIxoqHOro curHana, CHUMaeMoro C BbIXOfla Orlepalyu- OHHOrO ycunMTenA, MOryT 6bITb MCNOAb3OBaHbI 9eKTPOHHbIe CXeMBI, Opra- HMYECKM Hapall|MBalouMe CTpyKTypy BbIXOMHIX KaCKafOB MMKPOCXeMBI, puc. 7.12—7.14 [7.1, 7.2]. Cymmapupiit Koad: bULMeHT ycuneHuaA ycTpoitcTB MO Halips>KeHMi0 Ipu 9TOM OCTaeTCA HEM3MeCHHDIM.THABA8 QMOMEPEHLUMASIBHbIE YCUNUTESIUN Auddepenyuanexeim (pasHocmHeim) ycunumenem Ha3bl- eaiom ycunumens, umerouud, no MeHeweli Mepe, Dea exoda, k Kax@omy u3 KomopbIX NOOKMIOYeH Ceol UCMOYHUK cuezHana. Cuenan Ha ebixode ycunumena pageH pazHocmu BxodHbIx Cu2Ha- 1108, YMHOKEHHOU Ha HeKoMopElli Koad@uyueHm, Ha3zbIeaemblU koadpuyuenmom nepedayu ycunumena. HeckombKo MoguunnpoBsas o6o6ujenHy cxemy BKmio¥eHHA OY, npu- BeyeHHy0 paHee Ha pic. 3.1, MOXHO TOJIYYMTbh CXEMY BKIOYCHMA Kaccu- ueckoro AupdepenunanbHoro (pasHocTHoro) ycunutena, puc. 8.1 [8.1]. YpoBexb BHIXOAHOFO CMrHana Takoro ycunuTenA ONpefenAeTcA OTHOUIe- HMM Pe3MCTMBHDIX 9CMEHTOB M pa3sHOCTbO ypOBHEM BXOMHDIX CATHAOB: R4 (+ 2) R2 R2_ R4 U,,, =U, =] 14+ ]-u, =. Re ‘aux, 2 R3+R4 RI Tipu BbINOMHEHUN YCIOBUA 1 RI Rl R3 Hallps>keHMe Ha BbIxoye OY mponopuMonasibHo pasHOcTN BXOJHBIX HallpsKe- R2 unit: Ui. =(U, “UN Koadduynext nepeyayn Takoro ycuiutena paper R2 R4 OTHOWeHKIO — nin —. RI R3 HeyocrarKom knaccu4eckoro yuddepeHyManbHoro ycunutTens, puc. 8.1, ABIIAETCA HU3KOE BXOMHOE CONPOTMBMeHMeE M CHOKHOCTh ypaBleHus Koap- uMeHTOM Nepesadu, NOCKONbKy MpMXOAMTCA OHOBpeMeHHO UM B paBHbIX MIponopyMAx BapbupoBaTb BeMM4MHY COMpPOTHB- neHMuA KaK MMHMMYM [ByX pesMcTopos. RI R2 Yno6HbIM aemMeHTOM NomMdyHKUMOHaNbHOrO IIpUMeHeHMA, B TOM 4Mcre WIA cosmaHMA DHp- cbepenumanbHEIx ycunuTenen, ABIACTCA MUKPO- cxema SSM2141 (dupa Analog Devices), skBu- BayleHTHad CXeMa KOTOpOM MpuBeyena Ha puic. 8.2. Mama30H MMTaIOWMx HanpwKeHui +(6—18) B. sel ineoi bes warpyonn TOK He 2,5 we Pi idee aecaneckor0 sPeHYUasbHOZ0 Koahouunent nepegaum Ha uacrote 60 Ty — ycunumena50 Cxemorexnuka, 500 ycrpoiicre Ha aHanoroBbix MMKpOCKeMaX SSM2141_ SSM2141 ra 0, 1mx +158 Ustix, -15B c2 “L 0,1m« Puc. 8.2. 3keusanenmuan cxema Puc. 8.3. Cxema exnioueHua muxpocxemp! SSM2141 muxpocxemb! SSM2141 Ho 100 05, mpu uacrote 20 xIy4 — yo . SSM2141 70 OB, npu 40 xy — 62 OB, uactota eqMHMuHorOo ycunenua — 3 MIy. Conporusnenne Harpy3Ku — 2 xOm. Emxkoctb Harpy3Ku — 70 300 n®. ‘Tumoas cxeMa BKI04eHMA MUKpO- cxembI SSM214] noxasana Ha puc. 8.3. BxogHoe HallpaxKeHMe MOET WOXxO- Puc. 8.4. Cxema npeyu3uoHHoz0 AuTb To +10 B. ucbcpepenyuanbHozo ycunumena Tlockonbky pesMcTUBHbie a71eMeHTBI ha mukpocxeme SSM2141 Mukpocxembl SSM214] spinonHeHbl C MMHMMAa/IbHbIM OTKJIOHCHMCM OT HOMMHAIIOB, Ha €€ OCHOBE MOXKET 6nITE BbIMOMHEH M1pelM3MOHHEIA AMpdepenManbHbI ycunuTenb, HanpuMep, 10 cxeme puc. 8.4. Koauuvent nogapnenua cundasHoro curHama He MeHee 100 dB.TNABA 9 UHCTPYMEHTAJIbHbIE YCUNIUTESIN Knaccuyeckui Gudpepenyuanouolti ycunumen’ omnuyaemca OosonbHo HU3KUM BxOdHbIM ConpomueneHueM, 4mo AENAEMCA Mano ycmpaHuMbim Hedocmamkom. 3amemHo noBbicumb Bxod- Hoe conpomueneHue no o60um exodam no3zeonAem ycosepweH- cmeoeannaa cxema dudepenyuanbHoz0 ycunumenA, Ha3bieae- mo2o UHCMpyMeHmalibHeIM. TloBbIcMTb HM3KOe BXOMHOe CONpoOTMBAeHMe O6bI4HOTO AMpdepeHun- ambHOro ycunuTensA, pic. 8.1, MoxKHO 3a CHeT McMONb30BaHMA ero MOAMGU- kal\MM — MHCTpyMeHTambHOrO ycumMTensA, CXeMa KOTOpOrO MIpuBepeHa Ha puc. 9.1 [9.1, 9.2]. OcobeHHOcTbIO ycMAMTeMA ABIAETCA BO3MOXKHOCTD Bapbit- posanua Kosduynenta mepesain peryrMpoBkoM OWHOTO MMUIb COMpoTUB- neu — pesuctopa R1. IIpu ycnosuu R2/R3=R5/R4 BbrxoqHoe HanpsKeHne MOXKHO OMpeyenuT U3 BbIPaKeHUA: R2_, R2+R5 U,4. =(U,,; -U,,,)| 4 + I, ie =U w( m3? RI } Usx.1 } Usx.2 Puc. 9.1. Cxema Puc. 9.2. Yacmomnaa saeucumocmb Koapuyuenma ycosepwieHcmBoBaHHOz20 nepedayu uxcmpymeHmanbHozo OudepenyuanbHoz0 (uxcmpymenmantHoz0) ycurumena npu eapsuposauu Homunana pesucmopa RI. dubepenuuaneHozo ycunumena R2=R3=R4=R5=10 kOm, DAI, DA2 UA7SIC. U,,;=052 Cxemorextinka. 500 ycrTpoiicTs Ha aHanoroseix MAKpOCKeMaX Kk, 06 1. 2(U Va # RI 3aBucuMmoctTb Koapunnenta Nepeyaum Takoro ycunuTena OT HOMMHama pesuctopa RI 1 wacToTbI npy U,,, = 0 MoKasana Ha puic. 9.2 4 puc. 9.3. Cnegqyer 3aMeTUTD, TO Np R10 npu- 100 1K 10K 100K 1M Be][eHHbIe BbIIMe BbIPAKeHMA Tepaiwt cmbicn. IIpu Rl>o Puc. 9.3. Yacmomuan 3aeucumocm ~ _ Uy. =2(U, U,,.2) Koagquyuenma nepedayu uncmpymeHmanbHo20 Bonk. ax x2 ucbcbeperuuaneHozo ycunumena npu eapsuposanuu Tanbueimum paspuTrnem Homunana pesucmopa R1. R2=R4=100 KOM. Temp Auddepenymanbusix R3=R5=10 kOm. DAI, DA2 UA74 IC. U,,2=0 yeunureneit apnaetca mHcTpy- DAI MeHTaAbHBIM AUdpepen- UManbHbIit ycunMTenb Ha Tpex ogHotunurx OY [9.1], puc. 9.4. Dro ycrpolicrBo o6ecremmBaeT 6onee BEICO- Kui KOpuyMeHT NopaBne- HMA cuHHa3sHoro BxXO_HOTO curHana. IIpw BpinonHennn Uex.2 . cootHomeHua R7/R5=R6/R4 Puc. 9.4. Cxema uHcmpymeHmanbHoz0 BbIXOWHOe HallpsxKeHKe oMpe- dudmpepenuuanbHozo ycunumena Ha mpex OY jenserca Kax: R6 R2+R3 Uns =(Onr2 ~ Urns) pa | 14 J R4 R1 Tipu ycnosum R2=R3=R4=R5=R6=R7 Uy. = Vas ~Uas)(1+ 2) puc. 9.5. pu ycnosuu R1>0 unm R1l->oo Take cnpaBesIMBbI MpuBeqeHHble PaHee BbIBO]DI. Ilpaxruueckas cXeMa MHCTpyMeHTabHOTO YCMIMTEMA Ha OCHOBe MMKpo- cxembi SSM214] noKasana Ha puc. 9.6. Una ucnonp3oBaHua B AMpepeHyManbHbIx ycuNMTenAX paspaboTaHbl cleymanv3supoBanHble mpeyu3nonnbie OY, nanpumep, MAX478, MAX479, puc. 9.7.Tnasa 9, UncTpymeHTanbHbie yeunuTenn 53 100 1K 10K 100K 1M f Puc. 9.5. YacmomHan 3asucumocme Koadcpuyuenma nepedawu uncmpymeHmanbHozo dubeperuuanbrozo ycunumena na mpex OY npu eapsuposanuu HomuHana pesucmopa RI. R2=R3=R4=R5=R6=R7=10 KOM. DAI—DA3 UA74IC. Uy, =O SsM2141 Puc. 9.6. Crema uncmpymenmantHozo ycunumena Ha ocHose muKpocxembs SSM2141 MAX478 wo Puc. 9.7. Cxema cmpoenua u yoKoneeKa MuKpocxem MAX478, MAX479, npedvasHayeHHorx Ona C6opku dudpepenyuanoHorx ycunumened54 Cxemorexninka, 500 ycrpolicra Ha aHanorosbix MuKpocKeMax Puc. 9.8. Cxema dudmpeperuuansiozo Puc. 9.9. Cxema uncmpymenmantHozo ycunumena ycunumenn Ha Muxpocxeme MAX478 Ha Mukpocxeme MAX479 c koagcpuuueHmom nepedauu 100 TunoBaa cxeMa BKIIOYeHMA Mukpocxempt MAX478 npuse- Neva na puc. 9.8. Koahduynent Tlepewaum Takoro ycunuTensa onmpeyenaxeTcaA M3 BbIpaxkeHUA RI, ,R1 Un =(U,.2 -U,(+ wh). VUncrpyMentanpunit ycunn- Teib Ha MuKpocxeme MAX479, puc. 9.9, mp R2=R3, R4=R5, R6=R7 uMeeT Koshduument nepexaun (1428) M AAA Bel6paHHbIx R4 RI HOMMHAsIOB S/IeMeHTOB paBeH 100. Tipumeppt peanusayun rorospix U4 MpakTM4eckoro Mcronb30Ba- HMA AMbdepenyManbHbIx ycumuTe- new B BYE ClelManM3sMpoBaHHbIx MMKpOCcxeM BbIGOpoyHoO NIpuBeseHbI HwKe (MuKpocxemb1 MAX4144— MAX4146, MAX4149, AMP02, INA111, INA114, INA118, INA122, INA125, INA126, INA2126, AD623, AD625, AD830, LT1167, CLC408, CLC436 ui ap.), puc. 9.10—9.12. Puc. 9.10. Cxema cmpoeHua u uoKoneeka Mukpocxem dudxpepenuuarionerx ycunumenett MAX4144—MAX4146Thawa 9. WHcTpyMeHTanbHble ycunuTenn 55 AMPO2 cil 4 Usx.2 > -+U Usx.1 > Usnx Dat -U_AMPO2 4 7 -U U Pue. 9.17. Crew cmpoenun u munoeoe etmiovertue muspocrezes duxbpepenuaneHoeD i ycunumena AMPO2.K,, =14+ 22M RI[KOm] INA122, fl (a Usx.2 2 f+u Usx.1 -— > Usex. Yom -U INAT22 (un L) Puc. 9.12. Cxema cmpoeHua u munogoe ekmoveHue MuKpocxemb! BudcpepeHuuanHoz0 200[kOm] ycunumena INA122. Ky. =5+ Ri[kOm]TABA 10 NPOTPAMMUPYEMBIE OY Mpozepammupyempie OY nozseonatom Ha eei6op nompe6umena Npu nomouyu BHewHUX ynpaenAiouUx CUueHaN0e, O6bI4HO Cue- Hanoé Yyudpoeoz0 Koda, CmyneHYamo meHAMb e€zo xapakme- pucmuku, Hanpumep, @bi6upame akmueHoiti 6x00, 3a0aeamb koagquyuenm nepedauu u m. d. Ha puc. 10.1 mpuseyen mpumep peanusa- Wu puna pabors mporpammMupyemMoro OY — muxpocxema HA-2400 oupmpi Harris Semiconductor. TIpu nomouy um@posoro Koya, nojjaBaemoro Ha BxoybI DO, D1, Paspemenne, CTaHOBMTCA aKTMBHDBIM (BKIOUaAeTCA) TOT MAM uHOn BxoAHO OY Al—A4. Kasanoc 6p1, 4To TIpouye Mepekmo4aTb Ha BXOAe Mp NOMoNyM aHa/OroBbIX KM04eH BXOAbI OOulero ycunn- TENA, OHAKO TaKoe pellleHMe MO3BONMT MMUIb KOMMYTMPpOBaTb BHEIMHMe MCTOUHMKM CMTHa- NOB M BBIGOMpaTb OAM U3 HUX. Kpome Toro, Hev36@KHbI HEMHeMHbIe MCKaKeHMA M TOTepu BXOMHOTO CuTHaNa, O6ycnOBeHHbIe Heupfeanb- HOCTbIO paGoTbI aHaOroBbIX KTHO4e;t. Puc. 10.1. Cxema sHympentiezo cmpoenua u yoKoneeKa muxpocxeme! HA-2400 Puc. 10.2. Cxema HeuHeepmupyrowjezo Puc. 10.3. Cxema wupoxonanoctozo (80 5 Mu) OY cnepekniouaembim KoadquuueHmom uneepmupyrowezo OY c nepexmouaemoim nepedayu 0; 1;2;4;8 koadbuyuenmom nepedauu 0; 1; 2; 4;8Thaea 10. Mporpammupyempie OY 57 Ha puc. 10.2—10.5 npuseyenbi mpuMepbi MpakTM4ecKOrO McrOMb3OBaHMA nporpammupyemoit Muxpocxempt HA-2400. DAI RG Ri 5S Ha-2400 Usx. 2,23x ‘ Lew R2t) BT 3,2k 4,77«! c11s RB 5k a8 ex. oe }»-15B8 : RO 4,33K Ra rs 1c2 lcs 3.3K: 10K 75 5 Puc. 10.4. Cxema anexmpoxHozo ammeHioamopa cKoagxpuyuenmom ocna6nenua 1:1; 1:2; 1:4; 1:8 DAI Rr HA~2400 RY +15B Useix. Usx.x fxy) Usxy Puc. 10.5. Cxema deyxexodosozo ycmpoticmea cymmamopa-ebiuumamena cueHanos C uneepcuell basbl uu 6e3 UHBepcuUTNABA 11 ONEPALIMOHHbIE YCUIUTENIU C OUKCALMEN YPOBHA Onepaquounoere ycunumenu c dukcayued ypoeHa npedcmae- naiom cobot ycmpoticmea MHOzo@yHKUUOHa/bHOZzO Ha3Ha4e- HUA, NOZBONAKOWYUe Ha yCMompeHue nonb30eamenA Hanpas- JI@HHO MeHAM Xapakmepucmuku U Ha3Ha4eHUe MUKPOCXeMBI. Ha ocHoee odHot u moti Ke MuKpocxemb! NODO6HOZO Ha3Ha4e- HUA Moxem 6bIMb CUuHMe3zUpOBaH YeNbIL Ha6op CaMbIxX pa3- HooOpa3Hblx ycmpoticme: wupoKononocHeiti ycunumenb, ude- aneHeit BbICoKOYAaCMomHbI BbINDAMUMeNb-demeKmop, Mody- nAmop, demodynamop, npeyusuoHHeIt O2paHUYUMeNb ypoBHA cueHana ¢ peeynupyemeimu nopozamu oepaHuYeHuA ceepxy U cHu3y um. 0. Onepaumonubie ycunutenn c puKcaynet yposus (clamped amplifier, CLAMPIN), uan ycunurenu-puxcatopbl ypoBHA, PuKcMpyloulMe ycunn- TenM — 3TO YCMAMTENM C TepeKm04aeMbIMM BXOaMu. Ha puc. 11.1 npuBegena cxema BHyTpeHHero crpoenus OY c cuxcarmeit yposxua AD8036, AD8037 dupont Analog Devices. OcHoBoit MuKpocxembi cily- 2KUT WMpoKoNonocHDIat OY — Al. Curnan c ero Bbixoja Yepes NOBTOpUTeNb HanpskeHua A2 noctrynaeT Ha BbIXOy MMKPOCXeMBI. Vinseprupyiouit Bxoy OY Al umeet unguBugyanbubiit Bxog. 3aTo BTO- poi, MHBepTMpyloulMit BXO, B 3aBMCMMOCTH OT COOTHOMIeEHMA (ypoBHA) cur- HaNloB Ha Bxojjax MoBTOpuTenemt A3—A5 aBTOMaTMYeCKM MepeKmioyaeTca. Bpi60p aKTMBHOCTM TOTO MM MHOFO BxXOfa OcyWecTBAAeTCA NOrM4eCcKMM YcCTpoucTBOM, B COCTaB KOTOpOrO BXOAAT KOMMapaTOpbl, CpaBHMBaIoyve YPOBHM CurHasoB Ha BbIXofax MHBepTopos A3—AS, 6n0K ynpaBreHua KOM- MyTaTOpaMi M COOCTBeHHO K104M-KoMmyTarToppi A, B u C. Muxpocxema AD8036 cnoco6ua pa6oraTb B pexMMe Masloro CurHasa JO yactorbi 240 MI4; AD8037 yo 270 MIy. Tipu yposne sxoqHoro curnaa cBbIule 4B uactotuple rpanuupi cyxaiotca fo 195 u 190 MIy, cootBetcTBeHHO. Mukpocxembl BbITOHO OTIM4aOTCA COCO6HOCTbIO paboTaTb MpM BBICO- KMX CKOPOCTAX U3MeHEHMA BXOAHOTO HanpsxKeHuaA — 1500 B/mxc. Yposerb UIyMOB, MIpMBeeHHbIX K BXOMy, He MpesbrutaeT 4,5 4B/,Ty. Hanparxenne muranua +5 B (3—6 B), norpe6nsembiit ToK 18,5 mA. [lpenenbubiit Koad-Tnasa 11. Onepaynonteie ycunuTenn c uKcayel yPOsHA 39 Puc. 11.1. Cxema eHympeHHezo cmpoeHua onepayuoHHozo ycunumena c @uxcayued yposna AD8036, AD8037 uunent nepeqain B o6macTu HusKUX yactor 60 OB. IIpuMeppi npaktuyeckoro ucronb- 30BaHua MMKpocxem AD8036, AD8037 B pasIM4HbIX Ka¥ecTBaX MpMBefeHbI Ha puc. 11.2—11.4. BnicoxouacToTHble KOH- yeHcatophi C1+C2 u C3+C4 ycranapan- Bal0T B HeMlOcpeyCcTBeHHOM OnmsocTu kK MMKPOCXeME Mf COeMHAIOT C ee BBIBOTAMM NpOBOAHMKaMM MMHMManbHOlt WIMHBI. c1+c2 “UY 0,1+10m« Coser. B nosmopumene HanpsxeHua, Puc, 11.2. Cxema wupoKxononocHozo puc. 11.2, Mexdy HomKamu 2 U 6 HeunBepmupytoujeco nosmopumenA ‘MUKPOCKeMbI peKomeHdyemca yc- —HANPAMeHUA Ha MuKpocxeMe ADBOI6 MaxHosuMb éBbiIpasHuBaiolUt pe- 3ucmop HomuHanom 135—274 Om. Kosppuyvent nepeqaiu wMpoKononocHoro HeMHBepTupyloulero ycu- mutens (puc. 11.3) onpegenseTca COOTHOMIeHMeM HOMMHaNOB pescTOpoB R4/R3, ra6n. 11.1.Cxemorexnika, 500 ycrpoiicte Ha aHanorosbix MAKpOcKeMaXx 60 C3+C4 0,1+10mK +5B $ C3+C4 IH Ri R2 0,1+10mK Umon. 274 274 Usx: sus. es! R2 49,9) JUL HHH Hy C14+C2 0,1+10mK U9 0,1+10mK KH Puc. 11.3. Crema wupoxononockoz0 Puc 11.4, Crema sbicoKovacmomioz0 neunéepmupyioweeo ycunumena Modynamopa na muKpocxeme Ha Muxpocxeme AD8036 Xapaxmepucmuku ycunumened BY Ha MuKpocxemax AD8036, AD8037 Ta6nuya 11.1 upexomendyemle HoMunamt pesucmopos. Conpomuanenue HazpysKu 49,9 0M Napamerppt Fpanmunan vactora, My ‘AD8037 Koadduynent nepenaun R3, Om Ra, Om *R1=130 Om Ha ocHose muxpocxem AD8036 (AD8037) MoxeT 6bITb co6paH MpocToi H addekTuBHbiit aMNAMTYAHbIM MopynaATop, puc. 11.4.TNABA 12 CYMMATOPbI-BbINUTATESIU CUTHASIOB HA OY MuHoz0exod06ou §=cymmMamop-éeluumamenb npedcmaenaem co60u MHozoexodosEIli Nnpu6op, KoMopeIti NozBoNAeM Nony- yume @bIxodHOl CuzHan, NDAMO NponopyuOHaNbHbIti KoMbu- HaUUU BXOOHbIX CU2HaN06, B3AMbIX CO 3HAKOM NOC UNU MUHYC @ 3agUCUMOcMU OM Bexoda, Ha KOMopbI NOdaeMcA KaxdbIti U3 cuenanoe. Cxema MHOroBxogoBoro cyMMaTOpa-BbI4UMTaTeNA MpeAcTaBena Ha puc. 12.1 [12.1]. Hegocrarkom Takoro ycrpolictBa, aABnAeTCA CpaBHM- TeNbHO HEBbICOKOe BXOAHOe ConpoTuBeHve. YacTHbIM ciy4aemM CyMMaTopa- BbIuMTaTensA, pwc, 12.1, ABAAeTCA CyMMaTOp, NpejcTaBieHHbIit Ha puc. 12.2. BprxoqHOw CurHan sToro cymMmatopa mp R2 — oo ompeyensetca BbIpaxKe- U, U, nuem: Uy... =—Roc (% +. Ze} Ina cra6unbHoit pa6orsi cxembI peKoMeH- 1 1 1 1 ayetca Bpi6parb HomMHan pesucropa R., 13 ycnosua: —— =——+—+...—, . Roc RI R, T. €. paBHbIM M0 HOMMHaNy NapamnenbHO BKMIOYCHHDIM pesucropam Roo RI wa Ry Usx.,, MB 820 100 250 500 Uspix. 500MB Puc, 12.1. Cxema Puc. 12.2. Crema Puc. 12.3, MHozoexodoebiti muoz08xod080z0 Hioz0exod080z0 cymmamopa cymmamop cueHanoe cymmamopa-eol4umamena cuenanoe Ha OY na Oy cuenanos Ha OY62 Cxemorexniika, 500 ycTpolicrs Ha aHanorosbix MnKpocxeMax Ipumep mpaktuyeckoro BbITONHEHUA cyMMaTopa CMrHamoB Ha OnepaliMoHHOM ycumurene MoKasaH Ha puc. 12.3, Ha ero BXO[[bI MOryT ObITH MOMaHbI CMTHaMbI C MuKpodona, paqMonpvemMHMka, Mpourppi- BaTenA [paMMimacTMHOK, MarHuTodona u 1. m. [Jaa oGecneyenua naBHoi perynn- POBKM YYBCTBUTENbHOCTH M0 Ka>%KJOMy M3 Puc. 12.4. Cxema npeyusuonHoeo BXOOB pesuctopbi R1—R4 moryrT 6niTb uHeepmopa Hanpaxenua 3aMeHeHbI Ha MOTeHLMOMeTpbI COOTBeT- Ha mukpocxeme SSM2141 CTBY!ONJMX HOMMHasIOB. Ha ocHose, HanpuMep, MUKpocxembI SSM2141 moryT 6biTb co6paHbl npennsn- OHHbIe AKTMBHbI€ 9eMeHTbI paquoanek- TPOHHBIX CXeM, Hampumep: * MHBepTop HalpsxKeHuA, puc. 12.4; * cyMMupyrolinit ycunutenb, pyc. 12.5; * cyMMupyiouMit ycunutTemb c KO- SSM2141 — adouunentom mepeqaun (+2) puc. 12.6. B nmopayke conocrasnenua npuseyem Puc. 12.5. Cxema npeyusuoHHoz0 = Hy Ke TIPMMeP TIOCTpoeHMA CYMMMpyl0- cymmupyrowezo ycunumena ‘Ha muxpocxeme SSM2141 ujero ycunutena Ha MuKpocxeme AD830, puc. 12.7 u puc. 12.8. Puc. 12.6. Bapuanm cxemb Puc. 12.7. Cxema cmpoenus u yoKoneeKa npeuusuoHHozo cymmupyioujezo Mukpocxembs dubcepeHyuuaneHoz0 ycunumens Ha mukpocxeme SSM2141 ycunumena AD830Tnasa 12. Cymmaropbi-sbiunrarenu curHanos Ha OY 63 « Dat BpixoqHow curnan pMdcepenuManbHoro ycu- ‘ADB30 mutes Ha MuKpocxeme AD830 onpefensetca KaK — Usx.1 +U Yeux, Varn =z + Urs): (ea Puc. 12.8. Cxema Gespesucmoprozo cymmupyroujezo ycunumena Ha muxpocxeme AD830THABA 13 UHTEFPATOPHI, QUMOEPEHLMATOPbI CUTHASIA 3nexmpounele ycmpoticmea, nozeonaiowuue o6pa6ameigamo anekmpuyeckue cu2Hanbl no npasunam ebicueti Mamema- muku — uHmeepupoeamb ux unu Ouddepenyuposamb, Ha3bI- gaiom coomeemcmeeHHO uHMezpamopom unu OuddepeH- yuamopom. O6e amu d@yHkyuu GocmamouHo eocmpeboean! @ 3NeKMpoHHOM npu6opocmpoeHuu uU no3z6onAIOM pewamb MHozue Npakmuyecku 3HaYUMEle 3a0a4u, HanpuMep, BbidenAMb CuzHa/ibl usu UX Cocmaenalouue, Hakannueamb uxopmayulo uconocmaenamb ee u MHo20e Opyzoe. Wnterpatopp! curnana Onpegenenue. Ycmpoticmeo, ebinonnaroujee yHKyulo UHMeepupOBAaHUA BxOdHOZO Cue- Hana, Ha3bIeaiom uKXmeepamopom. Cxembi “HTerpaTopos MmpeycTaBnenbi Ha pyc. 13.1—13.4. [14 Mpeanbuoro MuTerpatopa (puc. 13.1) MoxkHO 3anMcarTb: Torya t um -—+ fu,ae +const. R2C1), Tia mpoctemuero uHTerpatopa B CBA3M C TeM, YTO Ha¥a/IbHOe Halipsr%Ke- HMe CMeleHMA Ha Bxoje OY u3mMeHsetcs M0 Hempey{cKasyeMOMy 3aKOHy, Ha BbIXOj[e MHTerpaTopa 3aMeTeH Apeitd BEIXO_HOTO HanpsrKeHMA. HanpsKeHMe Ha KOHJeHcaTope Cl] HempepbIBHO BO3spacTaeT JO Tex Op, MoKa ycumMTeMb HE BXOJMT B HacblijenvMe. CneqOBaTenbHO, 1A TOO, YTOGbI BepHyTb MHTerpaTop B paboTocnoco6Hoe cocTosHie, HeO6xoqMMO pa3spAaUTS KOHeHCaTOp. ITY mpoyenxypy pu MHiTerpupoBaHMM MMMyAbCHDIX CMTHaNOB O6bI4HO Tlepvio-Thapa 13, Anterparoper, auddepenynatopes curHana 65 ct cr Y Up Re x. sx. 281 | oui ‘ Rt DAI i Up Rt Use. sx. Puc. 13.1. Cxema unsepmupyrowezo unmeepamopa _—~Puc. 13.2. Cxema Heueepmupyroujeeo eeo nepexodnble xapaxmepucmuku unmeepamopa R2 12k Unure Ri DAT - KPUAO7¥A 4, ots [ Ty a Puc. 13.3. Crema umeepamopa Puc. 13.4. Cxema unmezpamopa cocma6unusayueli paGoueti mouxu Ha mukpocxeme KP1407YA11 AMM4ECKM MpOM3BONAT aHAaMOTOBIM KMO4OM, MOAKMOYeHHDIM MapamienbHO KoHyeHcaTopy Cl “ ynpaBaseMbIM KOpOTKMMM MMIIyIbcaMM OT reHepaTopa c6poca. T\1a waterpuposanua curdanos cuHycomfanbHou opMbl MapamienbHO kouyencaTopy Cl Bkm04al0T JONONHMTEMDHEIM pesucTOp OTHOCMTENbHO 6onbul0oro HOMMHala (R3>>R2), puc. 13.3. Tem cambim o6ecneunBaeTca o6paTHad CBA3b M10 MOCTOAHHOMy TOKy M Mpovcxogut crabunsalyua pabo- Yell TOUKM, OJHOBPeMeHHO 3aMeTHO OKMMAETCA M YaCTOTHbIM AMaa3z0H. TIpu noqaye Ha Bxo_ MHTerpaTopa MMNynbca HaNpsxKeHMA NpAMOy- TONbHOM opmbI, puic. 13.3, BLIXOMHOe HanpsAxKeHNe OyfeT USMeHATHCA KaK R3 t “ =-U,, —|1—exp| -—— ||. B navampHbiit MoMeHT BpemeHu MM Mp R2 R3C1 ycnosun R3C1>>1 BbixoqHoe HanpsxKeHue 6yleT HapacTaTb BO BpeMeHy 110 cTporo 1MHeitHoMy 3akony: —* =— U,, — At R2C1 Tlpakteckaa cxema MHTerpupyloujero ycumMTeNA Ha OCHOBE LIMpoKoro- nochoro OY KP1407YJ{1 npusegena ua puc. 13.4.66 Cxemorexninxa, 500 yctpolicrs Ha aHanoroBbix MUKpocxeMax Onpegenenue. Yempoticmeo, npedHa3sHayeHHoe ONA ebinonHeHUA ONepauuu, O6pamHoll uHmeepuposaHun, a UMeHHO, BbiInonHAIoWee yHKUYUIO OuddepeHuuposa- HUA BXOOHORO CueHana, Ha3bIealom Gud@depeHyuamopom. Auddepenunatopoi curnana Cxema Kmaccuueckoro pudepenuna- Topa mpuBepena Ha pyc. 13.5. ponssena Ux. — a . HeCJIOKHDIE MaTeMaTMYecKNe mpeo6pa- Usx.>—| Le Uspix. i R2 ui 30BaHMA, MOXKHO MOKa3aTb, YTO BbIXOT- rad Hoe HanpsxKeHNe AMbhepenunatopa, Rt puc. 13.5, mporopiyMoHanbHO CKOpocTM Puc, 13.5. Cxema dudpepenyuamopa U3MeHeHMA Hallps#KCHUA BXOMHOLO Cur- ue20 nepexodnele xapakmepucmuku dU, R2C1—*. dt nana: U,,,.TIABA 14. KOMMPECCOPHI, DSKCNAHAEPbI, ANNPOKCUMATOPHI, YCTPOMCTBA MATEMATUYECKOU OBPABOTKIU CUTHAJIOB HA OY Komnpeccopbl, 3kcnaHdepbl, annpokcumamopbl, ycmpoticmea Mamemamuyeckot o6pa6omKu cueHanog Ha OY npedxa3Ha- yeHb! OA Npeo6paz0eaHuA BxOdHOZO CUzHaNa no 3adaHHOMy MameMmamuueCckKOMY 30KOHY. Ycunumenb, BbixoHOM CMTHaM KOTOPOTO M3MeHACTCA B 3ABMCMMOCTM OT YPOBHA BXOAHOrO Io NorapuMuyecKoMy 3aKOHy, HasbIBaloT ozapugmure- cKUM ycumlumeneMm usu KOMNpeccopoM. Take yCTpovcrBa MO3BOMAIOT OCYUJECTBUTb ONepallMio CKATUA MHAaMM- YecKOrO AMama3z0Ha, YTO 6bIBaeT AKTYAa/IbHO B TEXHUKe MPOBOAHON M Gecripo- BOMHOM CBASH, Nepeja4M JaHHbIX, COsfaHUM ycTpolicTs peructpayun uHdop- Malu Mt T. JI. Oya m3 Knaccu4eckux M MoToMy Mmpocteltummx cxem kommpeccopa (ora- pudmuveckoro ycuimTenst) mpuBeyena Ha puc. 14.1 [14.1]. BpixoqHou curiam TaKoro ycunMTenA ONpepenAeTCA U3 BbIPAaxKeHUA: Vou =~ Pp In ee >» [We ~; — TeMMepatypHbiit noTenyMan, paBHbiit 25 mB npu 300 K; I,,,. — TOK HacblieHua Tpansuctopa VT1. Jas bopmuposanua cnoxHon nepeqaTouHON byHKUMM kackaya ycunenua MOXeT ObITb UCTOMb3OBaHa TpeXcTyNeH4aTad CXeMa KyCOUHO-1MHeMHOTO anupoxcumaropa, puc. 14.2 [14.2]. Annpoxcumamopvt — aneKTpoHHble ycTpovicTBa, NpeqHasHayeHHble JIA Mpeo6pasoBaHua BXOAHOTO CUrHasla B BbIXOAHOM 10 m060My Harlepey, 3ayanHomy Us. Useix. sakony. Jia o6ecrieveHuA HaMBbICWIeM CTemeHM Mpu- 6nwKeHMA 3aqaHNom Momb30BaTeNeM, Kak MpaBuio, ynpomeHHow pyHkuun kK peanbHon (oxMaemoi) Puc. 14.1. Cxema UCHOMb3yeTCA aMMpOKCMMaLMA — YIIPOUeHHOe OMM- —nozapudomureckozo calive ChOxKHOM PyHKyMM Ha6opom bonee MpocTbIX. ycunumena Ha OY68 Cxemorextika. 500 ycrpovicTs Ha aHanorosbix MaKpocxemax Oru yHKyMM mpu ux MapannenbHOM MAM TOCneAOBaTenbHOM CIOKeHMM C onpejeneHHbIMM BecoBbIMM KOapuLMeHTaMM CyMMMpOBaHMA MOTYT CMH- Te3MPOBaTb MCKOMY10 (PYHKIMIO0 TeM TOUHEE, YeM GonbUlee KONMYECTBO TIpo- CTBIX PYHKYMi MCNOMb3yeTCA WA ONMCAHUA ONHOM CnOr%KHOIL. TIpu u3MeHeHMM ypOBHA BXOAHOTO CMrHama MOOYepeAHO OTKPbIBaIOTCA tTpansuctoppt VT1—VT3, nopKmouasa k onepalyMoHHOMy ycusurenio pesu- cropbi R6—R8. Stu pesuctopsl wyHTMpyioT pesncTop RY uv cHMKaIOT KOIp- cburjveut nepeyaun Kackajja. B cxeme-opurmuare [14.2] nepeyarounaa byHK- IMA alNpoKcMMupyeTca CTeneHHO PyHKyMe Bua U=(U,+ 0,472AU) are norpemHoctpi0 +1 %. [loq6opom pesucropos jenutena R2—R5 u wyHTupy- IouMx pesMcTopoB R6—R8 MorxHO MosO6paTb Hy%KHY10 MOAb3OBaTeMI0 Mepe- Rarounyio pyHKy0. Cneyanu3suposannaa MMKpocxema SSM2165 npeyHasHatena [IA Mcronb- 30BaHMA B YCTpOlicTBax CKATMA JJ[MHAaMMYeCKOrO AMarasoHa. Ee pasHoBMyHOCTh SSM2165-1P umeer nopor orpanuuennsa 40 mB, SSM2165-1P — 320 mB. Tunopan cxeMa BKii4eHMA MuKpocxembl SSM2165 npusBeyena Ha puc. 14.3. [lorentmomerpom R3 perynupytor crenexb Kommpeccum oT 1:1 Ho 6:1 (B mpeyene creneHb KOMIIpeccum MOX*KHO WoBecTH WO 15:1). BxoqHoe conpoTupnenue MuKpocxembt — 180 KOM. Onpefenenue. Ycunument, 6bIxodHOU cueHan Komopozo U3MeHAeMCCA 6 3aBUCUMOCmU om YPOBHA 6XOOHOZ0 NO >KCNOHEHYUANbHOMY 3aKOHy, Ha3bIeaiom akcnaHde- amu unu 3kcnoHeHyUanbHbIMU Npeocbpaz0eamenamu. +188 OKcnoHeHIManbHbIe Mpeo6pasoBarenn (9Kc- vri-vrs Manjepst) ucnombsyior AA pacuimpenua AMHa- KIOIKTIA MMM4ECKOTO Mana3zoHa YCHIMBaeMbIX CMTHAMOB voi KC147A 7660 M OTMECHMA CMrHana OT Wyma. ‘Takve mpeo6pasoBatenM Mcnomb3yioT B M3Me- 2500] putenbHo 4 npeo6pasoBaTenbHOM TexHMKe, a TakoKe B 3BYKOBOCIpoMsBeyeHMM JIA BOCcTa- Ra +20 HOB/I€HMA ECTECTBEHHOFO XapakTepa 3By4aHHA ayqMonporpammsi. RS pi 2501 ce — ssM2ies [~* *5B os 100K 7 2,2m« he a Uo», t Usx.: Uns. IE 7 as Useix. DAt ci 1c theca 1 50k | 10K. KS4ayp2a 0.1m J 22 4.7K Puc. 14.2. Cxema kycouno-nuHeiiHo2o annpoxcumamopa cnoxHois Puc, 14.3. Peeynupyembiti komnpeccop dunamuveckozo nepedamouriod byHKyuU uanasona wa mukpocxeme SSM2165Tnasa 14, Komnpeccopbi, 9kcnaHpepbs, annpoKCUMaTOPE... 69 Tumopaa cxeMa 9KcnaH- C4 Hepa mpupeyena Ha puc. 14.4. Uax. a LS Us BoixoqHoe HanpsxKeHHe 3sTOTO vow a MpeoOpasoBaTenA 3aBMCUT OT ~ YPOBHA BxXOAHOTO TIO aKCOHEH- Puc. 14.4, Cxema akcnonenyuanbHoz0 npeo6pazoeamena (axcnandepa) ivanbuomy 3akony. JJuoy VD1 3alyMuaeT mepexoy TpaHsn- cropa VT1. J[na npaxruyeckoro KcTONb3OBaHMA O6bIYHO MIpu- MeHAIOT CrlelManM3MpoBaHHble MMKpOcxeMbI, o6ecreuuBal- Me Upeanbuyio NepeyaTouHy1o oyHKumo. Oco6oro paccmotpeHuan 3acyKMUBaloT MUKPOCXeMbI MaTemaTuyeckon o6pa6oTKu curnanos. C ofHOw cTOpoHb, 9TO NepcnekTMBHbIe M MomM- yHKUMOHaMbHbIe ycTpoicTBa, Cc Apyrout — mpencrapnswT noKa ——Puc. 14.5. 3xeueanenmnaa cxema muKpocxemol Tpenmer orpanmuenioro ysko- —_ M@MeMamuveckod o6pa6omnu cuenarnos ADS34 npodunbHoro Mcnomb3oBaHMa. K rakoBbIM MUKpocxeMaM OTHOCMTCA MuKpocxema AD534, puc. 14.5. Ona MpeqHasHavena AA OCYUeCTBIeHMA MaTeMaTM4eCKMX FevCTBMM C BXOLHDIMM CUrHaslaMii: YMHOKeHNMe; JeneHve; BOSBEeHKe B CTeneHb; M3Be4eHMe KOPHA; BbIYMCNeHMA pasHOCTM KBafpaTos; ONpeyeneHUA MpOUeHTHOTO OTKIOHEHMA; BBIYMCHeHMA CMHyca YIOB MT. A. Npumeuanue. il Ommeyy, umo ama mukpocxema Moxem 6biMb UCNOb306aHa U 6 KaYecme6e cmecumena cuzHanos, ynpaenaemozo HanpaxKeHuem ycunumena, zeHepa- mopa cueHanoé cuxycoudanbHou unu UuHOU opmbl, npeobpazosamena HanpsxkeHue-mok, HanpaxkeHue-yacmoma u Mm. d. Curnan, bopmupyioumiica Ha BbIXofe MukKpocxemb! AD534, HalIpamy10 onpeyensaeTCA COBOKYMHOCTbWO BXOMHEIX CurHanos X1, X2, Y1, Y2, Z1, Z2 na BXOjjaX MUKPOcxemBI: (X1-X2)(Y1-¥2) no. =A) —— tye A — MakcuMastbHbiit Kosddueut nepesaun ycunntens, 70 OB, X, Y,Z — BXOWHbIe HalipwpKeHMA (NonHaA WKana — +SF, nukoBoe 3HayeHue +1,25SF), SF — 10—3 B. U, —(Z1-Z2)|,TABA 15 NPELI“ZMVOHHBIE BbINPAMUTEJIV HA OY [peyu3zuonHele usu BbICOKOMOYHb!e BbINDAMUMeENU, 6 OMs/UYUe om Quodnelx BbinpaMumened, UdeabHO BeINONHAIOM dbyHKuUIO @bINDAMNeHUA: OOUH U3 NoAynepuodoe 6e3 ucKaxeHUU NDUCyM- cmeyem xa Bbixode ycmpoticmea, dpyeou npakmuyecku He 3aMe- men. Ecmb u ewe oOHO cyusecmeeHHoe Omnu4ue: amnnumyda @bIXOOHOZO CuzHaNa Npeyu3ZUOHHO2O BbInDAMUMeNA MoxeM npeebiuiamb amnnumydy exodHoz0, K Momy >Ke ee MOX*HO pezy- jupoeame. TIpeyu3voHHble HIM MjeanbHble BEITIpAMMTeNM Ha OCHOBe OY MoryT 6pITb BbINO/IHEHbI M0 CX€MaM, MIpejcTaBeHHbIM Ha pyc. 15.1 u pyc. 15.2 [15.1— 15.3]. Ha Bpixoye nepsoro m3 Hux (puc. 15.1) dbopmupyloTca curHalbI OTpMiya- TelbHOM MONAPHOCTH, BToporo (puc. 15.2) — nonoxKuTenbHOM. HanpaxKenna, CHMMaeMBle C BbIXOJOB BbINpPAMMTENA, OTIMIAIOTCA Ha BEMMIMHY Nayenua Hallps2KeHMA Ha OTKPbITOM KpeMHMeBoM AMoze (0,6—0,7 B). Jina repManne- BbIX AMOMOB 9Ta pasHuua 6mu3Ka kK 0,25—0,3 B. Ilpeyu3nonHbie HeMHBepTupyloulve BEInpaMntenn (puc. 15.3 m 15.4) Ha ocHose OY umetr Goree BbIcOKOe BXOMHOe CONpOTMBIeHHE. Useix,, Puc. 15.1. CxemanpeuusuoHozo ——~Puc. 15.2. Bapuanm cxembi npeyusuoHHozo ebinpamumena Ha OY abinpamumena Ha OYTnapa 15. Npeyu3vonnpie sbinpamutenn Ha OY 7 RI C4 > Uaeix. Useix. Y vo1 Ux. Y voz Usx. Puc. 15.3. MpeyusuoHHeltt ebinpamumenb Ustix. Uses. Uax. Puc. 15.4. BapuaHm cxemb! NpeuyusuoHHoe0 BbInpAMUMeNA Bompamutenb Ha OY, cxema koToporo npeycTaBiena Ha pyc. 15.5, o6e- CIeuMBaeT SKBUBaTeHTHOe CHYKeEHMe MaqeHMA MpAMoOrO HalpsKeHUA Ha BbITIpPAMMUTeMDHDIX AMOMax FO 1000 pas. Ito cyujecTBeHHO MOBbIMIaeT TOY- HOCTb TIpeoOpasoBaHna M MOSBONAET JJeTEKTMPOBaTb CMTHAIIbI C AMIIMTY LON B HECKONbKO MuAMBONDT [15.4]. dacrorHpre CBOVICTBa JJeTeKTOpa (BbINpAMM- Tea) Orpeyensiorca cBoictBamnu OY, quoqoB VD1 u VD2. Oguononynepvoquble BbINpAMMTeNM JOCTATOUHO MpOCTbI, OHAKO UM NpMcyUIM ABHO BbIpaxkeHHble HefOCTaTKM: * BO3MO2KHOCTb Mo/1e3HOrO MCOMb30Ba- HMA MMU OMHOTO Nomynepuoya BxXOn- HOTO HallpskeHUA; BbICOKOE BbIXOMHOE CONPOTUBIEHKeE; HeoOxosMMOCTb Mcnomb3soBaHua OY ¢ 3allJMTOM OT KOpOTKOrO 3aMbIKaHMA Harpy3Ku MT. y. Bonee copepuieHHbl AByxnonynepu- OwubIe BEINpAMMTenM. CxeMbl TaKux BBIMpAMMTeMeH, paboTawUMx Cc Hesa- 3eMN€HHOM M 3a3eMieHHOM Harpy3Kou, npuBegeHbi Ha pwc. 15.6—15.11 [15.3]. [[syxnionynepnogHbiit BeINpAMMTenb, npep- cTaBeHHbIM Ha pic. 15.6, o6brdHO Mcromb- 3yl0T B Ka¥eCTBe aHa/lOroBoro BOMbTMeTpa TlepeMeHHOFO HallpwKeHMA, BKMIOUMB B kavecTBe Harpy3KM MarHUTOSMeKTpMyeckMit MMKpoammepmeTp. [na mpeysnonnoro pByxnonynepvoy- HOrO BeINpAMMTensA (prc. 15.7) mpm MocTy- Upbix.2 Puc. 15.5. Cxema eeinpamumena Ha OY c ebixodamu nonoxumenbHozo uompuuamenbHozo ypoaHa DAI Uax. vo1-vD4 Rt Ra Puc. 15.6. Cxema deyxnony- nepuodtioz0 eeinpamumena na OY CHesazemnenHou Haepy3Kou72 Cxemorexninka. 500 ycrpovicrs Ha aHanorosbix MnKpocxemax Puc. 15.7. Cxema deyxnonynepuodHozo ebinpamumena Ha OY c3a3emnennoli HaepysKou RS Puc. 15.8. Cxema ycosepuieHcmeoeannozo dayxnonynepuodHozo evinpamumens Ha OY c3a3emnennoii Haepy3Kou «U TIM€HMM Ha BXOA TONOKMTENDHOM TONyBOMHDL BXOJHOFO HanpsxKeHuA WMon VD1 3anupaerca. OY pa6otaer B pexume He“HBepTupylomjero ycunutens c KoaddulMeHTOM Mepeyain, paBHoM R3/R1. IIpu R3=R1 stor koaddunnent paper eqn- HME, M BbIXOTHOe HanpsrKeHMe paBHO BXOAHOMy Ui. =U,,- pm nocrynmenun Ha Bxoy ycrpoi- CTBa OTPMlaTenbHOM MOAYBOMHE! COOTBETCTBY10- we ammiutypbt "Mon VD1 orKppiBaetca, cxema pa6oraer B pexuMme MHBepTupyloulero ycunnTenA c Kospuywentom Mepesai, paBHoM eqMHULe, mice =~ Uys Hegoctatox cxembl oveBuyeH: Ip Mamom BXOJHOM HalIpsKeHUM OTPUUaTeMbHOM MonAp- nocmy U,,, #-U,,. TouHoctTs mpeo6pa30BaHuA pu MasoM Bxop- HOM Hallps@KeHMM OTPUUaTeMbHO TonApHOCTH MOXKHO MOBBICMTD, MCIONb3yA CKEMHOE peuleHne, puc. 15.8 [15.3]. Ormmuaetca cxema TeM, 4TO B kayecTBe Auoga VD1 (puc. 15.7) ucnonb3oBaH ujleanbHbin yuo Ha OY DA2. Cxema Takxe He mMileHa HeOCTaTKOB: OHA MMeeT pa3Hoe BXOAHOE CONPOTMBNeHMe [IA Cur HaJIOB pa3sHoM NOMApPHOCTU. BapMantTbl cxeM AByXMONyNepMopHblXx BbITIpAMUTeNeM MpMBefeHbI Ha puc. 15.9 u 15.10 [15.4]. Ha puc. 15.11 mpuBejena oyepesHas CxeMa NpelM3MoHHOrO AByxXMomyme- PMOAHOTO BHINPAMMTENA, COCTOAIAA M3 OMHOMONYNepMosHOrO BLINpAMMTENA xa OY DAI (cm. pu. 15.1) 1 cymmaropa Ha OY DA2 [15.3]. User C3 Puc. 15.9. Cxema dayxnonynepuodHozo Puc. 15.10. Cxema ‘ebinpamumens Ha deyx OY ycosepweHcmeosaHHozo OeyxnonynepuodHozo ebinpamumenAThasa 15. Mpeyw3vonnple ebinpamutenu Ha OY 73 Npumeuanue. 3mom ebinpAMUMeNnb umeem pasHoe exodHoe conpomusnetue ana pas- HONONApHIX CUzHaN0B, HO omnuyaemca nosbiweHHow cnomHocmen. Puc. 15.11. Crema npeyusuonHozo deyxnonynepuodriozo ebinpamumena %KeHMe Ha BbIXOse OHOMOyMepu- Ha deyx OY oqHoro BbInpaMutensA U, paBHo: MoxkHo noka3atb, YTO Halips- -U,, mpu U,, 20, U,= : 0 npuU,, <0. Vou, = “Uy, +2U,). U,, upuU,, 20, -U,, upu U,, <0. Tlpumepsi npakTM4eckoro BHINOMHEHMA Mpel{M3MOHHDIX OHO- Mt [IBYXIIO- nynlepMofHoro BbITIpAMMTeneM Ha MuKpocxemax NE531/SE531 npupepenbi Ha puc, 15.12 u 15.13 [15.5]. Torga Uyys = Ilpenu3nonnpiit 7Byxnonynepn- ix ied OMHDI BHINIPAMMTEND MOxeT OBIT Usx: User. BBITIOMHeH M Ha MMKpocxemax AD820, K V2 puc. 15.14 [15.3]. BpicokowacrorHpli AByxnonyne- POND BEINIpAMMTeNb-AeTeKTOP curHanoB Ha MuKpocxeme AD8036 Puc. 15.12. Crema npeyusuonnozo odHONonynepuodHozo ebiInpA»MUMeNA (AD8037), pwc. 15.15, uqeanbHo 1a muxpocxeme NESS DAI NE531 c1 Bey J 0,01m« feu usw. Co HS 7 Hi 0,01mK uawx2 LYoaY DAI, DAZ ‘AD820 RI Usex. 100k! Usx. ‘DA R4 51K NESS1 2 100k Puc. 15.13. Cxema npeyusuoHHoz0 Puc. 15.14. Cxema npeyusuoHHoz0 deyxnonynepuodxozo ebinpamumena ebinpamumena Ha muKpocxeme AD820 Ha muxpocxemax NE53174 Cxemorextiika. 500 ycrpolicrs Ha aHanorosbix maKpocxemax RI R20 +58 274 274 c3+c4 Usx. 0,1+10m« HH User. Upx. i I cr+c2 I] 0,1+10mx “5B Puc. 15.15. Cxema ebicoxowacmomHozo ebinpamumens-demekmopa cueHanos Ha mukpocxeme AD8036 pa6oraert BrinoTp jo vacror 20 MIy. AMNAMTYAa BXOMHbIX CMTHANOB — Jo 1 B, conporupnenne Harpy3Ku — 100 Om. IIpu Heo6xoqumocTu 4yBcTBUTeNMb- HOCTb YCTpOMcTBa MOET ObIT MOBbILMeHA NO6OPOM HOMMHANOB pesucTo- pos RI R2.THABA 16 AMNMJIUTYQHbIE FETEKTOPbI HA OY Amnaumydxeii Gemexmop npedcmaenazem cobou evinpamu- Meni, Ha ebIxode KoMOpoeo BkKMIOYeH HaKONUMeNbHbI KOHOeH- camop. AmnnumydHeit, demexmop Ha OY npedcmaensem coboti odHononynepuodHolti BeinpaMUMenb Ha OY, HaepyxKeHHolli Ha koHOeHCamop. B omnuyue om Beinpamumeneti-demexmopoe, ucnonv3ye- MbIx OA NuMaHuUA paduozneKMpoHHelx y3106, amMnjUuMydHbIe Oemexmope! npedua3HaueHbl OA 3aNOMUHGHUA >KCMpemarb- Holx 3Ha4eHUU BXOOHOZO CueHana. B rumosou cxeMe aMMAMTYAHOrO FeTeKTOpa Mp BOspacTaHMM ypoBHA BXOJHOTO HalIpwKeHMA HallpwKeHMe Ha HAKOMMTeEMbHOM KOHAeHCaTOpe Cl (puc. 16.1) Bospacraer. B cny4ae Mocnefyioulero CHMKeHMA YpOBHA 3TOTO HalIps@KeHMA HaNpsDKeHMe Ha KOHJeHCaTOpe Cl ocTaeTca HeM3MeHHDIM (T. e. 3amomMuuaeTca). 3apay Ha KOHeHCaTOpe COXpaHseTCA B TeYeHMe BpeMeHH, ompeyle#eMoro TOKOM yTe4KM KOHJeHCaTOpa, 1M60 MoBbIMaeTCA pM ycno- BUM BOSpacTaHUA HalipsxKeHMA Ha BXOe yCTpOlcTBa Ble NpepbIyuero aKcTpeMambHOro 3nayeHua [16.1, 16.2]. J\na Toro, 4706p mpousBectu c6poc 3apAyja KOHJeHCaTOpa Cl, puc. 16.1, MY NOATOTOBMT ycTpovicTBo AVIA NOcMepy!ouWero UNKNa paboTbl McHom3sy!0oT uMilyibc C6poca, noyaBaeMbIii Ha yMpaBAAIOUIMit BXOM 9EKTPOHHOTO KMIOya, HalIpMMep, MomeBoro TpaH3ucTopa, NOAKMOYeHHOrO MapasienbHO HakorM- ‘TeNbHOMY KOHJeHcaTopy. Tpyxkackaqublit aMnMTy_HbIM eTeKTOp MONO*KMTeMbHOTO ypoBHA, puc. 16.2—16.4, mpeycraprnet co60i Gonee coBepuleHHoe ycTpolcTBo: on RY R2 seo Puc, 16.1. Cxema odHoKackadHoOz0 Puc. 16.2, Cxema deyxKackadHo20 amnnumydnoeo demexmopa amnumyanoeo demexmopa nonoxKumentbHoeo yposHA nonomumeneHoz0 yposHA76 Cxemotextika. 500 ycTpoiicTe Ha aHanoroBbix Mukpocxemax Copep>KMT TOBTOpuTenb Hanpa- 2KeHMA Ha MUKpocxeme DA2. STO MMHMMM3aupyer BIMAHME CONpoTMBmeHuA Harpy3ku Ha caMopa3pAj, HakOMMTenbHOTO Puc. 16.3. Cxema modubuyuposanHozo (sanomunaiouero) KOH,eH- amnnumydHoeo demekmopa catopa Cl. OqHospemeHHo NOBbIMAeTCA TOUHOCTb mpeo6- pasoBaHna. Una cuwxeHuA TOKOB yTeuku KougeHcatopa Cl yepes o6paTHOcMeneHHbIit anon, VD2 B cxeme Mogudu- IMpoBaHHOrO aMMAMTyAHOTO MeTekropa, mpeacTapnenHoit Puc, 16.4. Cxema modugbuyuposanHozo Ha puc. 16.3, ucnonb30BaH deyxkackadHozo amnsumydHoeo Gemexmopa qyononnutenbubiit Anon VD3 u Cuenvio copoca pesuctop R3 [16.2]. YcopepuleHcTBOBaHMA CX€M aMIIIMTYMHbIX JeTEKTOPOB KOCHYMMcb UM werteit c6poca HaKOMMTeMbHOTO KOHeHCaTOpa. OpHa M3 MOWOGHEIK cXeM NIpu- BejleHa Ha puc. 16.4 [16.2]. TIpakTuyeckaa CXeMa MMIIMBOABTMETpa MepeMeHHOTO TOKa Ha MMKpo- cxeme DAI NE531 c ucrionb30BaHvem Mpel|M3MOHHOrO BbINpAMMTENA IpU- Bepena Ha pic. 16.5 [16.3]. Jia ucnonb3oBanns B 6pITOBOM paMoannapatype 6piia paspaborana cre- 1\MaIM3aMpoBaHHaa MMKpocxema K157J[A1. Muxpocxema npeyictaBiana co6oit WByXkaha/IbHbIit [BYXNONyNepMoAHbIM BHITIPAMMTe/b CpeyHEerO YpOBHA ayMo- CUTHAJIOB JIA MCHONb3OBaHMA B 3BYKOBOCMpOMsBOAAMeM CrepeooHM4eckont anmapatype. B cocras Mukpocxemb! K157J{A1 (puc. 16.6, [16.4]) Bxoqun: * [Ba MJeHTMIHDIX KaHana, Copfep»xkalux Mpesycuinrend Ha OY u mpe- o6paszoBaTen» AByNOMApHOrO curHana; * cxema cra6muimsalynn NMTaiomero HanpsKeHUA. IluraHve MuKpocxeMa Moria Nomy4aTb OT ABYMOMAPHOTO MCTOUHMKa Hanpskenua +(3—20) B np cyMMapHoM morpe6jeHuu TOKa Mpu oTcyT- cTBMM BXOHOrO curHana Ao 1,6 MA. Koapuyuent ycunenua MUKpocxeMbI Mo Halps>KeHM10 Npu HalpsKeHMM NMTaHuA +15 B — 7—10 po BepxHel rpa- HMIbI YacTOTHI He HuKe 100 xIy. BerxoqHoe Hanps>KeHve — Jo 9 B mpu ToKe Harpy3ku 2,5—6,0 mA. Boipogpi 8 u 14 MuKpocxeMbI — BbIBOJbI JenuTensa o6patHont cBa3n. Brwogpl 9 1 13 — BBIBOABI AeTeKTOpa AVIA CoeqMHEHMA C o6imen umHon (puc. 16.6). TIpumep ucnonb3oBannsa MuKpocxempl K157J[A] qa MHAMKaUMM ypoBHA ay){wocurHana crepeoouuyeckoro ycunTeA MpMBeyeH Ha puc. 16.7 [16.4].Thapa 16. AmnnutyaHbie QeTeKTopbt Ha OY 7 ca DAI, 100 NES31 PAL Puc. 16.5. Cxema munnugonemmempa nepemeHHoz0 moka Ha muxpocxeme NE531 Tlockombky ABynonapHoe IIMTaHMe MMKPOCXeMbI MamorIpu- emjlemo mipu ee pabote B HecTa- UMOHaPHbIX YCHOBMAX, [IA OHO- MONAPHOTO MMTaHUA MAKPOCXeMbI K157JJA1 6bina npepycmotpena cxeMa BKMO4CHMA, TipuBeeHHat Ha puc. 16.8 [16.4]. YctpotctBo o6ecneunBaeT OWHOKaHabHylO perucrpalnio KBa3MIMKOBbIX 3HaYeHMit BXOT- Horo curHana. Bpemsa uHTerpaunn onpeyensetca RC-nponspeyeHuem MHTerpupylouled WenouKM MWA IpuBepeHHbIx Ha puc. 16.8 HOMU- Hanax 61u3Kka 10 mc. Bpema pa3- Palla KOHeHcaTopa C3 mpumMepHo paBHo 300 mc. Tina u3Mepenna cpeqnero YpoBHA curHana, 6omee TOUHO oTBedalomero cyXOBOMy BoC- IpMATMIO M OW|EHKe TpOMKOCTU CuTHama, MOXeT 6bITb McrIO1b30- BaH MHMKaTOp, CXeMa KOTOporo npeycTaBrena Ha puc.16.9 [16.4]. Kosuyvent mpeo6pasopanna MMKPOCXeMBI B TaKOM BK/OYeHM oKom0 50 mxA/B, ero MoxKHo pery- MMpoBaTb NOACTpolkon moTen- uyMometpa R2. Puc. 16.6. 3keueanenmHan cxema MUKpOCxeMbt KIS7AAI: 1 —cma6unuzamop; 2 u 3 — npeo6pasoeamenu @eynonapHozo cuzHana DAI 10m RS PAL Puc. 16.7. Tunosaa cxema eknioweHun MUKDOCXeMbs K157QA1 6 kayecmee OeyxkaHanbHoz20 deyxnonynepuodnozo seinpamumena cpedHeco anayenun ayduocueHana RI R2, RB 27 10K Puc, 16.8. Tunosan cxema @kmio¥eHuA MUKPOCXeMEI K157QAT npu odHononaprom numanuu Rt ce 27K 100M« ci we AY DAI KIS7OA1 Puc. 16.9. Cxema uH@ukamopa cpedHezo aHayenuA cuznana Ha Muxpocxeme K157J/A1TABA 17 NPEUW3ZVOHHbIE AMMIUTYQHbIE OFPAHUUUTESIV YPOBHA CUTHANIOB Mpeyu3zuoHHble amnnumydHele oepaHuyumenu yposHA cue- Hanog — 3mo ycmpoticmea, Komopble npedHa3HaueHb! OnA cumMmempu4Hoeo uNU acuMMempu4HoO2O OzpaHUYeHUA ypoeHA @bIXOOHOZO CueHana no amnnumyde Cc BbICOKOH MoYHOCMeN. Takue ozpaHuyumenu ucnonb3yiom @ fuHUAX ceA3zu, MexHUKe paduocer3u, Ona npeo6pasoeaHua aHanoz0goz0 cuenana 6 yud- posoti eudum.n. B mo xe epema m060e ozpaHu4eHue 2apMoHUYeckozo UN UHO20 cuenana cyujecmeeHHo yxyOwiaem e20 KaYecmeeHHble noKa- 3amenu, 3amMemHO ucKaxaem e20, yxyOuwiaem pa3s6opuueocme peueebix cuzHanoe, denaem HeBo3MOxHbIM BOCnpuAMUE My3bI- Ka/IbHbIx nDoepamM. Tia orpanmuenua ypoBHA CUrHaNoB McHONb3yOT AMMAMTYAHbIe Orpann- UMTENM, CXeMa OMHOFO M3 KOTOpbIX Mpef[cTapyeHa Ha puc. 17.1 [17.1]. Hanpskenve muTanua ycrpolictBa (puc. 17.1) cocrapnaer +15 B, B yen Harpy3ku OY na Muxpocxeme DA] nojcoeqMnex JMOpHbIt MOCT, B MaroHanb KOTOPOFO BK04eH CTaGMIMTpOH ¢ HalipsxKeHKeM cTrabunnsayun 8,2 B. TlorenxyMometpom R4 MoxxHO TaBHO peryiMpoBaTb ammin- TYAY BbIXOMHOTO orpaHMdeH- Horo lo ammamtyye curnana. B cxemMe HeO6xOAMMO McTIOMD30- BaTb BbICOKOYACTOTHbIe AMOMbI Npumeuanue. Takoe eknioueHue (c ucnomb30eaHueMm OUCOHO20 Mocma) no3Bo/IAem nonyyumb cummempuuneili 6ud o2paHu4uBaemoeo CuzHana C OduHaKoBol nepexodHOU xapakmepucmukou 6 mou u_ @pyeoti ~nonapHocmu @xodHOz0 HanpAKeHUA. Usx. ¢ MMHMMaIbHOM eEMKOCTbIO N-p- Puc. 17.1. Cxema npeyuu3uoHHoz0 mepexoyos. amnnumydHoe ozpanuyumena