IP Centrul de Excelență în Economie și Finanțe

Catedra Informatica

PORTOFOLIU
la unitatea de curs
Programare Structurată

Elaborat: Verificat:
Elevul/a grupei AAW2212 Eugenia BURCA,
Nume Prenume master în informatică,
Răcilă Vasile profesor de informatică.

Chișinău, 2022
 Cuprins

1. Operații de intrare/ieșire în limbajul C++........................................................................................3

1.1 Probleleme rezolvate în cadrul lecției de laborator și tema pentru acasă...................................3
2. Evaluarea expresiilor aritmetice.......................................................................................................4
2.1. Probleleme rezolvate în cadrul orelor de laborator și tema pentru acasă..................................4
3. Instrucțiuni de decizie......................................................................................................................5
3.1 Instrucțiunea if............................................................................................................................5
3.2 Instrucțiunea switch....................................................................................................................6
4. Instrucțiuni repetitive.......................................................................................................................7
4.1 Instrucțiunea for.........................................................................................................................7
4.2 Instrucțiunea while/do while......................................................................................................8
5. Structuri de date................................................................................................................................9
5.1 Tablou unidimensional...............................................................................................................9
5.2 Tablou bidimensional...............................................................................................................10
5.3 Tablou de caractere..................................................................................................................11
DECLARAŢIA PRIVIND ASUMAREA RĂSPUNDERII..............................................................12

-2-
 1. Operații de intrare/ieșire în limbajul C++

1.1 Probleleme rezolvate în cadrul lecției de laborator și tema pentru acasă

Atașăm problemele și rezultatele obținute în consolă

De exemplu
Programa 5
Condiție
Lunar Ionel primește de la părinți A lei pentru a achita factura pentru consumul de gaz şi apă.
În luna curentă consumul de gaze a fost de 43.23 m3, iar de apă de 67.78 m3. De la tastatură se citeș
te suma de bani primită de Ionel, costul unui m 3 de gaz și costul unui m3 de apă. Să se elaboreze un
program prin intermediul căruia se va afișa la ecran suma ce necesită a fi achitată de către Ionel, cât
și suma de bani rămasă.

Implementare în C++
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;
float A,apa,gaz,rest,f;
const float g=43.23;
const float a=67.78;
main(){
cout<<"Indicati suma initiala ";cin>>A;
cout<<"Dati costul pentru un metru cub de gaz";
cin>>gaz;
cout<<"Dati costul pentru un metru cub de apa";
cin>>apa;
f=gaz*g+apa*a;
rest=A-f;
cout<<"Suma pentru achitarea facturii=";
cout<<setprecision(2)<<f<<endl;
cout<<"Lui Ionel iau ramas";
cout<<setprecision(2)<<rest<<" lei";
}

Rezultatul execuției

-3-
a)
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <conio.h>
using namespace std;

char a;
 int main()
{
    cout << "Scrie un caracter" << endl;
    a= getch();cout << endl;
    cout<<setw(1)<<setfill(a)<<a<<endl;
    cout<<setw(2)<<setfill(a)<<a<<endl;
    cout<<setw(3)<<setfill(a)<<a<<endl;
    cout<<setw(4)<<setfill(a)<<a<<endl;

    return 0;
}

-4-
b)

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <conio.h>
using namespace std;

char a;
 int main()
{
    cout << "Scrie un caracter" << endl;
    a= getch();cout << endl;
    cout<<setw(4)<<setfill(a)<<a<<endl;
    cout<<setw(3)<<setfill(a)<<a<<endl;
    cout<<setw(2)<<setfill(a)<<a<<endl;
    cout<<setw(1)<<setfill(a)<<a<<endl;

    return 0;
}

-5-
c)

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    cout<<"* * * *"<< endl;
    cout<<" * * *"<<endl;
    cout<<"  * *"<<endl;
    cout<<"   *"<<endl;

    return 0;
}
 

-6-
d) 
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    cout<<"   *"<< endl;
    cout<<"  * *"<<endl;
    cout<<" * * *"<<endl;
    cout<<"* * * *"<<endl;

    return 0;
}

-7-
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int b, f, total;
int main(){
    cin >> f;
    b = f + 10;
    total = b + f;
    cout << total <<endl;
}

-8-
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int nrc1 = 7, nrc2, nrc3, nrt;
int main(){
    cin >> nrc2;
    cin >> nrc3;
    nrt = nrc1 + nrc2 + nrc3;
    cout << nrt << endl;
}

-9-
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int albe, rosii, albastre, total;

int main(){
    cin >> albe;
    rosii = albe + 3;
    albastre = (albe + rosii) - 2;
    total = albe + rosii + albastre;
    cout << total << endl;
    
    
}

-10-
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int a, b, c, d, e;

int main()
{
   cin >> a;
   b = a - 1;
   c = a - 2;
   d = a + 1;
   e = a + 2;
   cout << c << " " << b << " " << a << " " << d << " " << e;
   
}

-11-
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int copil1, copil2, nrmere;

int main(){
    cin >> nrmere;
    copil1 = nrmere;
    copil2 = nrmere;
    copil1 = nrmere - 2;
    copil2 = nrmere + 1;
    cout << "primul copil " << copil1 << " mere " << "al doilea copil "<< copil2 << " mere";
    
}

-12-
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int v, kg, cm;

int main(){
    cin >> v;
    kg = 2 * v + 8;
    cm = 5 * v + 80;
    cout << "pentru varsta de  " << v << " ani, greutatea ideala este " << kg << " kg, si inaltimea "<< cm << " c
m";
}

-13-
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int a, b, c;

int main(){
    cin >> a;
    cin >> b;
    cin >> c;
    
    cout << a << b << c <<" "<< a << c<< b << " "<< b << c << a << " " << c << a << b;
}

-14-
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int a, b, c, sum1, sum2, sum3;
int main(){
    cin >> a;
    cin >> b;
    cin >> c;
    sum1 = a + b;
    sum2 = a + c;
    sum3 = b + c;
    cout << a << "+" << b << "=" << sum1 << " ";
    cout << a << "+" << c << "=" << sum2 << " ";
    cout << b << "+" << c << "=" << sum3 << " ";
}

-15-
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int n;

int main()
{
   cin >> n;
   cout << n << " x 1 = " << n * 1 << endl;
   cout << n << " x 2 = " << n * 2 << endl;
   cout << n << " x 3 = " << n * 3 << endl;
   cout << n << " x 4 = " << n * 4 << endl;
   cout << n << " x 5 = " << n * 5 << endl;
   cout << n << " x 6 = " << n * 6 << endl;
   cout << n << " x 7 = " << n * 7 << endl;

-16-
   cout << n << " x 8 = " << n * 8 << endl;
   cout << n << " x 9 = " << n * 9 << endl;
   cout << n << " x 10 = " << n * 10 << endl;
   
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

 int ani, luni, zile, ore;
 
int main()
{
    cin >> ani;
    zile = ani * 365;
    luni = ani * 12;
    ore = ani * 8760;

-17-
    cout << luni << " luni " << zile << " zile " << ore << " ore ";

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int a, b, c;
int main(){
    cout << "a = ";
    cin >> a;
    cout << "b = ";
    cin >> b;
    c = a;
    a = b;
    b = c;
    cout << "a = " << a << " b = " << b;

-18-
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int a, b;
int main(){
    cout << "a = ";
    cin >> a;
    cout << "b = ";
    cin >> b;
    a = a + b;
    b = a - b;
    a = a - b;
    cout << "a = " << a << " b = " << b;
}

-19-
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int a, x, v;
int main(){
    cout << "distanta (km) = ";
    cin >> x;
    cout << "timpul (minute) = ";
    cin >> a;

    v = (x * 1000) / (a * 60);

    cout << "viteza automobilului este de " << v << " m/s";
}

-20-
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

float x, y, d, p, c, cd;
int main(){
    cout << "Distanta dintre punctele A si B = ";
    cin >> d;
    cout << "Costul unui litreu de combustibil = ";
    cin >> c;
    cout << "Consumul de combustibil la 100 km = ";
    cin >> y;

    cd = ((d / 100) * y) * c;

    cout << cd << "lei";
}

-21-
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

float d, a, b, v, h;
int main(){
    cout << "distanta = ";
    cin >> d;
    cout << "saptamani = ";
    cin >> a;
    cout << "zile = ";
    cin >> b;

    h = (7 * a + b) * 24;
    v = d / h;
    cout << v << "km/h";
}

-22-
-23-
 2. Evaluarea expresiilor aritmetice

2.1. Probleleme rezolvate în cadrul orelor de laborator și tema pentru acasă

Atașăm problemele și rezultatele obținute în consolă

#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
double x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, x9, x10, x, a;
int main() {

cout << "Introduceti valoarea lui x ";

cin >> x;

x1 = pow(x, 3) + pow(x, 2);

x2 = 1/x + 1/pow(x, 2);
x3 = abs(x) / (pow(x, 2) + 1);

-24-
 x4 = pow(x, 2) * log(x);
x5 = sin(x) + 1/2 * (sin(2 * x));
x6 = pow(x, 2) + 8 / x;
a = pow(-x, 2);
x7 = pow(M_E, a);
x8 = (pow(M_E, x) - pow(M_E, -x)) / 2;
x9 = (pow(M_E, x) - pow(M_E, -x)) / (pow(M_E, x) + pow(M_E, -x));
x10 = tan(x) / x;

cout << "f(x) = " << setprecision(3) << x1 << endl;

cout << "f(x) = " << setprecision(3) << x2 << endl;
cout << "f(x) = " << setprecision(3) << x3 << endl;
cout << "f(x) = " << setprecision(3) << x4 << endl;
cout << "f(x) = " << setprecision(3) << x5 << endl;
cout << "f(x) = " << setprecision(3) << x6 << endl;
cout << "f(x) = " << setprecision(3) << x7 << endl;
cout << "f(x) = " << setprecision(3) << x8 << endl;
cout << "f(x) = " << setprecision(3) << x9 << endl;
cout << "f(x) = " << setprecision(3) << x10 << endl;
}

-25-
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
#include <iomanip>

double x, y;

using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Introduceti valoarea lui x ";
cin >> x;
cout << "Introduceti valoarea lui y ";
cin >> y;

double f1 = (pow(x, y) + pow(y, x)) / (pow(x, -y) + pow(y, -x));

double f2 = (tan(x) + tan(y)) / (sqrt(abs(x - y) + 1));
double f3 = abs(x - y) / (x + sin(M_PI / y)) * cos(M_PI / x);
double f4 = sqrt(abs(x - y) / sqrt(1 / abs(x - y) * (abs(x) + 1)));
double f5 = (sin(x) + sin(y)) / (pow(M_E, y) + pow(M_E, x));
double f6 = pow(y, 1.0/x) + pow(x, 1.0/y);
double f7 = (x - y) / (abs(x + y) + 1) + (pow(x, 2) - pow(y, 2)) / (pow(x, 2) + pow
(y , 2) + 1);
double f8 = (pow(cos(x), 2) + 2 * pow(sin(y), 2)) / M_PI;
double f9 = (x + y) / sqrt((pow(x, 2) + pow(y, 2) + 1) * pow(sin(x + y), 2));
double f10 = (log(x) + log(y)) / (pow(M_E, y) + pow(M_E, -x));

-26-
 cout << "f(x, y) = " << setprecision(3) << f1 << endl;
cout << "f(x, y) = " << setprecision(3) << f2 << endl;
cout << "f(x, y) = " << setprecision(3) << f3 << endl;
cout << "f(x, y) = " << setprecision(3) << f4 << endl;
cout << "f(x, y) = " << setprecision(3) << f5 << endl;
cout << "f(x, y) = " << setprecision(3) << f6 << endl;
cout << "f(x, y) = " << setprecision(3) << f7 << endl;
cout << "f(x, y) = " << setprecision(3) << f8 << endl;
cout << "f(x, y) = " << setprecision(3) << f9 << endl;
cout << "f(x, y) = " << setprecision(3) << f10 << endl;
}

-27-
 3. Instrucțiuni de decizie
3.1 Instrucțiunea if
În cadrul orelor de laborator și tema pentru acasă

Atașăm problemele și rezultatele obținute în consolă

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int a, b;

int main() {
cout << "Introduceti punctajul sportivului nr1 ";
cin >> a;
cout << "Introduceti punctajul sportivului nr 2 ";
cin >> b;

if (a > b)
cout << a << " puncte " << b << " puncte";
else
cout << b << " puncte " << a << " puncte";
}

-28-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int a, b, c, d;

int main() {
cout << "Introduceti nr1 ";
cin >> a;
cout << "Introduceti nr2 ";
cin >> b;

if(a > b){

c = a * 2;
d = b * 3;
cout << c << " " << d;
return 0;
}
else{
c = b * 2;
d = a * 3;
cout << d << " " << c;
return 0;
}
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

-29-
int a, b;

int main() {
cout << "Introduceti primul numar ";
cin >> a;
cout << "Introduceti al doulea numar ";
cin >> b;

if (a - b == 1 or b - a == 1){
cout << "Da";
}
else
cout << "Nu";
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int a, b, c;

int main() {
cout << "Notele lui Ionel: " << endl;
cin >> a >> b >> c;

if (a >= 7)
cout << a << " ";
if (b >= 7)
cout << b << " ";
if (c >= 7)
cout << c << " ";

-30-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

float a, b, c;

int main() {
cout << "Introduceti numerele" << endl;
cin >> a >> b;

if (b != 0){
c = a / b;
cout << c;
}
else {
cout << "Impartire imposibila";
}
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int a, b;

int main() {
cout << "Introduceti greutatea copiilor" << endl;
cin >> a >> b;
-31-
 if (a + b < 100)
cout << "POT INTRA AMBII COPII";
else
cout << "INTRA PE RAND";
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6, d7;

int main() {
cout << "Introduceti orele privite la TV in cursul saptamanii" << endl;
cin >> d1 >> d2 >> d3 >> d4 >> d5 >> d6 >> d7;

if (d1 + d2 + d3 + d4 + d5 + d6 + d7 < 20)

cout << "Nu va fi pedepsit";
else
cout << "Va fi pedepsit";
}

-32-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

float height, age, weight;

char sex;

int main() {
cout << "Introduceti Inaltimea in cm ";
cin >> height;
cout << "Introduceti varsta in ani ";
cin >> age;
cout << "Introduceti sexul m sau f ";
cin >> sex;

weight = 50 + 0.75 * (height - 150) + (age - 20) / 4;

if (sex == 'm'){
cout << "Greutatea ideala " << weight;
return 0;
}
else if (sex == 'f'){
weight = weight - 10;
cout << "Greutatea " << weight;
}
else{
cout << "Date introduse gresit";
return 0;
}
}

-33-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int a, b, c;

int main() {
cout << "Introduceti 3 numere " << endl;
cin >> a >> b >> c;

if (a % 2 == 0){
cout << a << " par" << endl;
}
else
cout << a << " impar" << endl;

if (b % 2 == 0 ){
cout << b << " par" << endl;
}
else
cout << b << " impar" << endl;
if (c % 2 == 0){
cout << c << " par" << endl;
}
else
cout << c << " impar";
}

-34-
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

using namespace std;

float cas, as, n;

int main() {
cout << "n = ";
cin >> n;
cas = n / 4;
as = ceil(((float)cas));
cout << "Casuta " << as;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int x, y;
int main() {
cout << "x = ";
cin >> x;
if (x <= 25) {
cout << "Clasa A";
}
else if (x > 25 && x <= 50) {
cout << "Clasa B";
}
else if (x > 50 && x <= 75){
cout << "Clasa C";
}
else if (x > 75 && x <= 100){
cout << "Clasa D";
}
else if (x > 100 && x <= 125){
cout << "Clasa E";
}
}

-35-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int a, b, c, d, e, f;

int main() {
cin >> a >> b >> c;
if (a > b && a > c){
cout << "max = " << a;
}
if(b > a && b > c ) {
cout << "max = " << b;
}
if (c > a && c > b) {
cout << "max = " << c;
}

if (a < b && a < c){

cout << " min = " << a << endl;
}
if (b < a && b < c){
cout << " min = " << b << endl;
}
if (c < a && c < b){
cout << " min = " << c << endl;
}

if (a > b and b > c){

cout << c << " " << b << " " << a;
}
if(b > a and a > c ) {
cout << c << " " << a << " " << b;
}
if (c > a and a > b){
cout << b << " " << a << " " << c;
}
if (a > c and c > b){
cout << b << " " << c << " " << a;
}
if (a > b and b > c){
cout << c << " " << b << " " << a;
}
if (b > a and a > c){
cout << c << " " << a << " " << b;
}
}

-36-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int a, b, c;
int main() {
cin >> a >> b >> c;
if (a > b and b > c){
cout << b;
return 0;
}
if (b > a and a > c){
cout << a;
return 0;
}
if (c > a and a > b){
cout << a;
return 0;
}
if (a > c and c > b){
cout << c;
return 0;
}

if (a < b and b < c){

cout << b;
return 0;
}
if (b < a and a < c){
cout << a;
return 0;
}
if (c < a and a < b){
cout << a;
return 0;
}
if (a < c and c < b){
cout << c;
return 0;
}

-37-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int a, b, c;
int main() {
cin >> a >> b >> c;

if (c - b == 1 && b - a == 1){
cout << "Da";
return 0;
}
if (a - b == 1 && b - c == 1){
cout << "Da";
return 0;
}
if (b - a == 1 && a - c == 1){
cout << "Da";
return 0;
}
else {
cout << "Nu";
return 0;
}
}

-38-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int a, b, c;
int main() {
cin >> a >> b >> c;

if (c >= 8){
cout << a << " " << b << " " << c;
}
else{
if (a > b){
cout << a;
}
if (b > a){
cout << b;
}
}
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int a, b, c;
int main() {
cin >> a >> b >> c;
if (a % 2 == 0 && b % 2 == 0 && c % 2 == 0){
-39-
 if (a > c)
cout << a;
else
cout << c;
}
else{
cout << a + b;
}
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int a, b;
int main() {
cin >> a >> b;
if (a % 2 == 0 && b % 2 == 0){
if (a > b)
cout << a;
else
cout << b;
return 0;
}
if (a % 2 == 0 && b % 2 != 0){
cout << a;
return 0;
}
if (a % 2 != 0 && b % 2 == 0){
cout << b;
return 0;
}
else
cout << "Nu exista numar par";
}

-40-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int a, b, c, nr;
int main() {
cin >> a >> b >> c;
if (a > b && b > c){
nr = a * 100 + b * 10 + c;
cout << nr;
}
if (b > a && a > c){
nr = b * 100 + a * 10 + c;
cout << nr;
}
if (c > a && a > b){
nr = c * 100 + a * 10 + b;
cout << nr;
}
}

-41-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int a, b, c, nr;
int main() {
cin >> a >> b >> c;
if (a > b && b > c){
nr = c * 100 + b * 10 + a;
cout << nr;
}
if (b > a && a > c){
nr = c * 100 + a * 10 + b;
cout << nr;
}
if (c > a && a > b){
nr = b * 100 + a * 10 + c;
cout << nr;
}
if (a > b && c > b){
nr = b * 100 + c * 10 + a;
cout << nr;
}
if (b > a && c > a){
nr = a * 100 + c * 10 + b;
cout << nr;
}
if (c > a && b > a){
nr = a * 100 + b * 10 + c;
cout << nr;
}

3.2 Instrucțiunea switch

În cadrul orelor de laborator și tema pentru acasă

Atașăm problemele și rezultatele obținute în consolă

-42-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

char litera;

int main() {
cout << "introduceti litera ";
cin >> litera;

switch(litera){
case 'A': cout << "E VOCALA";break;
case 'a': cout << "E VOCALA";break;
case 'E': cout << "E VOCALA";break;
case 'e': cout << "E VOCALA";break;
case 'I': cout << "E VOCALA";break;
case 'i': cout << "E VOCALA";break;
case 'O': cout << "E VOCALA";break;
case 'o': cout << "E VOCALA";break;
case 'U': cout << "E VOCALA";break;
case 'u': cout << "E VOCALA";break;
default: cout << "NU E VOCALA";break;
}
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int nr;
int main() {
cout << "Introduceti numarul ";
cin >> nr;

switch (nr){
case 0: cout << "zero";break;
case 1: cout << "unu";break;
case 2: cout << "doi";break;
case 3: cout << "trei";break;
case 4: cout << "patru";break;
case 5: cout << "cinci";break;
case 6: cout << "sase";break;
case 7: cout << "sapte";break;
case 8: cout << "opt";break;
case 9: cout << "noua";break;
case 10: cout << "zece";break;
default: cout << "numarul e mai mare de 10";

-43-
 }
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int nr1, nr2, result;
char operatorul;
int main() {
cin >> nr1 >> nr2 >> operatorul;

switch (operatorul){
case '+': result = nr1 + nr2; cout << result;break;
case '-': result = nr1 - nr2; cout << result;break;
case '*': result = nr1 * nr2; cout << result;break;
case '/': result = nr1 / nr2; cout << result;break;
case '%': result = nr1 % nr2; cout << result;break;
default: cout << "0";break;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double nr1, nr2, result;
char operatorul;
int main() {
cin >> nr1 >> nr2 >> operatorul;

switch (operatorul){
case '+': result = nr1 + nr2; cout << result;break;

-44-
 case '-': result = nr1 - nr2; cout << result;break;
case '*': result = nr1 * nr2; cout << result;break;
case '/': result = nr1 / nr2; cout << result;break;
default: cout << "0";break;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int a, b, c;

int main() {
cout << "Introduceti un numar pozitiv mai mic ca 100 ";
cin >> c;
a = c / 10;
b = c % 10;

switch(a){
case 1: cout << "X";break;
case 2: cout << "XX";break;
case 3: cout << "XXX";break;
case 4: cout << "XL";break;
case 5: cout << "L";break;
case 6: cout << "LX";break;
case 7: cout << "LXX";break;
case 8: cout << "LXXX";break;
case 9: cout << "XC";break;
}
switch(b){
case 1: cout << "I";break;
case 2: cout << "II";break;
case 3: cout << "III";break;
case 4: cout << "IV";break;
case 5: cout << "V";break;
case 6: cout << "VI";break;
case 7: cout << "VII";break;
case 8: cout << "VIII";break;
case 9: cout << "IX";break;
}
}

-45-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
float pret, procent, suma, reducere;
int ziua ;
int main() {
cout << "Intoduceti suma initiala si ziua: " << endl;
cout << " 1 - Luni \n 2 - Marti \n 3 - Miercuri \n 4 - Joi \n 5 - Vineri \n
6 - Sambata \n 7 - Duminica\n";
cout << "Suma initiala: ";
cin >> pret;
cout << "Ziua: ";
cin >> ziua;
if (pret < 500){
switch(ziua){
case 6: procent = 5;break;
case 7: procent = 5;break;
default: procent = 3.5;break;
}
return 0;
}
else{
switch(ziua){
case 1: procent = 4;break;
case 2: procent = 5;break;
case 3: procent = 6;break;
case 4: procent = 7;break;
case 5: procent = 8;break;
case 6: procent = 9;break;
case 7: procent = 10;break;
default: break;
}
}

reducere = 100 - procent;

suma = (pret * reducere)/100;

cout << "Suma initiala " << pret << endl;

cout << "Reducere " << procent << " % " << endl;
cout << "Suma ce necesita a fi achitata: " << suma;
}

-46-
 4. Instrucțiuni repetitive
4.1 Instrucțiunea for

În cadrul orelor de laborator și tema pentru acasă

Atașăm problemele și rezultatele obținute în consolă

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int a, nr;
int main() {
cin >> a;
for(a = 1; a <= 9; a++){
nr = (a * 1000) + 230 * a;
if(nr % 6 == 0){
cout << nr << endl;
}
}

-47-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int a, n;
int main() {
cin >> a >> n;
cout << a;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){
cout << '0';
}
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int n;
int main() {
cin >> n;
for (int i = 1; i < 11; i++){
cout << i << " x " << n << " = " << i * n << endl;
}
}

-48-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int n;
int main() {
cin >> n;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
if (n % i == 0){
cout << i << " ";
}
}
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int n, a, b = 0;
int main() {
cout << "n = ";
cin >> n;
for(a = 1; a <= n; a ++) {
if (n % a == 0) {
b++;
}
}
if (b == 2){
cout << "Numarul este prim" << endl;
}
else {
cout << "Numarul nu este prim " << endl;
}
}

-49-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int a, b;
int main() {
cin >> a >> b;
for (a; a <= b; a++){
cout << a << " ";
}
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int a, b, c;
int main() {
cin >> c >> a >> b;
for (int i = 1; i <= c; i++){
if (i % a == 0 or i % b == 0){
cout << i << " ";
}
}

-50-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int n, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s5s, s5t, s6;
int main() {
cin >> n;
for (int i = 0; i <= 2 * n - 1; i++){
s2 += i;
}
for (int a = 0; a <= n; a++){
s1 += a;
}
for (int b = 0; b <= 2 * n; b++){
if (b % 2 == 0){
s3 += b;
}
}
for (int c = 1; c < (n - 1) * n; c++){
s4 = c * (c + 1);
}
for (int d = 1; d < n; d++){
s5 = 1;
s5 *= 1 + d;
s5s *= d;
s5t = s5 + s5s;
}
for (int e = 2; e < 101; e++){
s6 += e - (e + 1);
}
cout << s1 << endl;
cout << s2 << endl;
cout << s3 << endl;
cout << s4 << endl;
cout << s5t << endl;
cout << s6 << endl;

-51-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double temp[12], nrpoz, nrneg, sumpoz, sumneg;
double med_poz, med_neg;
int main() {
cin >> temp[1] >> temp[2] >> temp[3] >> temp[4] >> temp[5] >> temp[6] >> tem
p[7] >> temp[8] >> temp[9] >> temp[10] >> temp[11] >> temp[12];
for(int i = 0; i < 12; i++){
if (temp[i] >= 0){
sumpoz += temp[i];
nrpoz++;

}
else{
sumneg += temp[i];
nrneg++;
}
}
med_poz = sumpoz / nrpoz;
med_neg = sumneg / nrneg;
cout << "media pozitiva " << med_poz << " media negativa " << med_neg;

#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;

-52-
float arr[100], arr2[100];
int n, f;
float maxim;
int main() {
cout << "n = ";
cin >> n;
for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
cout << "nota nr " << i + 1 << " : ";
cin >> arr[i];
arr2[i] = arr[i];
if (arr[i] < 5){
f ++;
}
}
for(int b = 1;b < n; b++) {
if(arr[0] < arr[b])
arr[0] = arr[b];
}
for(int b = 1;b < n; b++) {
if(arr2[0] > arr2[b])
arr2[0] = arr2[b];
}
cout << f << " corigent" << endl;
cout << "max = " << arr[0] << endl;
cout << "min = " << arr2[0];
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int a, b, x, y;
int main() {
cin >> a >> b;
x = a;
y = b;

for(int i = 0;x != y; i++){

if (x > y)
x = x - y;
else
y = y - x;
}
cout << "cmmmc = "<< (a*b)/x << endl;

-53-
 cout << "cmmdc = " << x;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int a, b, c;
int main() {
cin >> a >> b >> c;
for (int i = 0; a != b; i++){
if (a > b)
a = a - b;
else
b = b - a;
}
for (int i = 0; a != c; i++){
if (a > c)
a = a - c;
else
c = c - a;
}
cout << "cmmdc = " << a;
}

-54-
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int a, b;
int main()
{
cin >> a >> b;
for (int i = 1; i <= b; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < a; j ++){
cout << i;
}
cout << endl;
}

return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int a, b;
int main()
{
cin >> a >> b;
for(int j = 0; j < b; j ++){
for (int i = 1; i <= a; i++){
cout << i;
}
cout << endl;
}
-55-
 return 0;
}

4.2 Instrucțiunea while/do while

În cadrul orelor de laborator și tema pentru acasă

Atașăm problemele și rezultatele obținute în consolă

#include <iostream>
int n, sum;
using namespace std;

int main(){
cin >> n;
while(n != 0){
if(n % 2 == 0){
sum += n;
}
cin >> n;
}
cout << sum;
}

-56-
#include <iostream>
int n, sum;
using namespace std;

int main(){
cin >> n;
while(n != 0){
if(n % 3 == 0){
sum += n;
}
cin >> n;
}
cout << sum;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int rows;

-57-
 int i = 1;
cout << "n = ";
cin >> rows;

while( i <= rows)

{
for(int j = 1; j <= i; ++j)
{
cout << j;
}
++i;
cout << "\n";
}
return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int rows;

cout << "n = ";

cin >> rows;
int i = rows;

while(i >= 1)
{
for(int j = 1; j <= i; ++j)
{
cout << j;
}
--i;
cout << endl;
}

return 0;
-58-
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int n, sum1, sum2;
int main()
{
do{
cin >> n;
if (n % 2 == 0){
sum1 = sum1 + n;
}
if(n % 2 != 0){
sum2 = sum2 + n;
}
}
while(n % 3 != 0);

cout << "Suma para = " << sum1 << endl;

cout << "Suma impara = " << sum2 << endl;

-59-
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int n, sum1, sum2;
int main()
{
do{
cin >> n;
if (n % 2 == 0){
sum1 = sum1 + n;
}
if(n % 2 != 0){
sum2 = sum2 + n;
}
}
while(n % 5 != 0);

cout << "Suma para = " << sum1 << endl;

cout << "Suma impara = " << sum2 << endl;

-60-
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int x, a, b, zile;
int main()
{
cout << "x = ";
cin >> x;
cout << "a = ";
cin >> a;
cout << "b = ";
cin >> b;
while(a <= x){
a = a - b;
a += a;
zile++;

cout << "Zile " << zile;

}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int k, sum, n, tn;
int main()
-61-
{
cin >> k;

do{
cin >> n;
if(n % 2 == 0){
sum += n;
}
tn++;
}
while(sum <= k);
cout << "numere " << tn << endl;
cout << "Suma celor pare " << sum << endl;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int k, sum, n, tn;
int main()
{
cin >> k;

do{
cin >> n;
if(n % 2 != 0){
sum += n;
}
tn++;
}
-62-
 while(sum <= k);
cout << "numere " << tn << endl;
cout << "Suma celor impare " << sum << endl;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n, suma=0, min, max;
cin>>n;
max=min=n; suma+=n;

while (suma<1000)
{
cin>>n; suma+=n;
if (n<min && suma<1000) min=n;
if (n>max && suma<1000) max=n;
}
if (max>1000) cout<<"Ati introdus un singur numar valoarea caruia depaseste 1000";
else
{
cout<<"Cea mai mica valoare este "<<min<<endl;
cout<<"Cea mai mare valoare este "<<max<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

-63-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int n,sum=0,max=-32768,min=32767;
cout<<"Dati numere intregi:";
cin>>n;
sum=sum+n;
if (n>max)
max=n;
if (n<min)
min=n;
while(sum%3!=0){
cin>>n;
sum=sum+n;
if (n>max)
max=n;
if (n<min)
min=n;
}
cout<<"Max="<<max<<endl;
cout<<"Min="<<min;
}

-64-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int n,i=0,x,sumnr=0,sumcifra=0,s=0,r,e;
float med=0;
cout<<"n=";
cin>>n;
while(i<n){
i++;
cout<<"x=";
cin>>x;
r=x;
while(x>0){
e=x%10;
sumcifra=sumcifra+e;
x=x/10;
}
if(sumcifra%2==0){
sumnr=sumnr+r;
s++;
}
sumcifra=0;
}
med=sumnr/s;
cout<<"Suma este "<<sumnr<<endl;
cout<<"Media este "<<med;
}

-65-
-66-