Numele

MINISTERUL EDUCAIEI
AL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA

Prenumele
Patronimicul
Instituia de nvmnt

Localitatea
Raionul

GEOGRAFIA
PRETESTARE
EXAMEN DE BACALAUREAT
Profilurile: umanist, real, sport, arte, tehnologic
03 aprilie 2012
Timp alocat: 180 de minute.

Rechizite i materiale permise: pix de culoare albastr, creion, rigl, radier.

Instruciuni pentru candidat:
- Citete cu atenie fiecare item i efectueaz operaiile solicitate.
- Lucreaz independent.

V dorim mult succes!

Scor total acumulat _________

Nr.
Item
I Utilizarea climogramelor i hrilor tematice (18 puncte)
1
Analiznd climograma staiei meteorologice Moscova indic:
a) temperatura medie a lunii celei
mai calde
____________________________
____________________________

Scor
L
0
1
2
3
4
5

L
0
1
2
3
4
5

b) temperatura medie a lunii celei

mai reci _____________________
____________________________
c) amplitudinea anual a
temperaturii aerului (efectueaz
calculele pe foaia de test)
____________________________
____________________________
d) tipul de regim pluviometric
____________________________
____________________________
e) denumirea tipului de clim
____________________________
____________________________
2

Explic:
a) o cauz ce determin maximum de precipitaii n anotimpul de var, pentru
tipul de clim, redat n climograma de mai sus.
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
b) o cauz ce determin oscilaii mari sezoniere ale temperaturilor medii lunare,
pentru tipul de clim, redat n climograma de mai sus.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

L
0
1
2
3
4

L
0
1
2
3
4

Descrie tipul de clim redat n climograma de mai sus, indicnd:

a) denumirea zonei climatice
___________________________________________________________________
b) masele de aer predominante
___________________________________________________________________
c) vnturile dominante i direcia lor
___________________________________________________________________
d) cantitatea medie anual de precipitaii
___________________________________________________________________

L
0
1
2
3
4
5

L
0
1
2
3
4
5

4.

ncercuiete litera corespunztoare variantei de rspuns corect:

1. Tipul de clim redat n climograma de mai sus este specific pentru regiunile:
a) Europa de Vest i nordul Americii de Sud
b) Asia de Est i Africa de Sud
c) Europa de Est i sudul Americii de Sud
d) Asia de Nord i Australia de Est

L
0
1
2
3
4

L
0
1
2
3
4

2. Regimul anual al precipitaiilor i amplitudinea anual de temperatur redat n

climogram este caracteristic pentru zona natural:
a) pduri mixte
c) tundra
b) stepe
d) pduri permanent verzi cu frunze tari
3. Pentru zona natural caracteristic tipului de clim redat n climograma de mai
sus este specific tipul de sol:
a) castaniu
c) podzolice
b) cenuiu de pdure
d) rou lateritic
4. Tipul de clim redat n climograma de mai sus, poate fi influenat periodic n
anotimpul de iarn de ctre masele de aer:
a) tropical maritim
c) arctic continental
b) tropical continental
d) ecuatorial
II
5.

Utilizarea hrilor tematice (16 puncte).

Compar munii indicai n tabel, indicnd deosebirile referitoare la caracteristicile L
lor.
0
1
Criterii de comparare
Munii Sierra Nevada Munii Alpi
2
(SUA)
3
Denumirea i
4
coordonatele geografice
5
ale celui mai nalt vrf
6
Direcia
general
a
7
lanului montan
8
Orogeneza n care s-a
9
format
10
Tipul de muni dup
origine

6.

Calculeaz temperatura aerului pe panta vrfului Mont Blanc la nlimea de 4000

m, ntr-o tabr de alpinism, dac se tie c n vrf, la momentul dat, temperatura
aerului este de -27C. Indic gradientul termic vertical aplicat. Efectueaz toate
calculele pe foaia de test.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

L
0
1
2
3

L
0
1
2
3

7.

Citete atent enunul i identific rspunsul corect, ncercuind cifra corespunztoare.

Un avion a zburat din Londra (51 lat. nord., 0 long.), avnd cursul spre sud i a
parcurs 5660 km, apoi schimbndu-i direcia spre est a mai zburat nc 900 km,
lund direcia nord a mai zburat 350 km, ateriznd n punctul cu coordonatele
geografice:

L
0
1
2
3

L
0
1
2
3

1) 8 lat. nord., 3 long. est.

3) 3 lat. sud., 8 long. est.

2) 3 lat. nord., 8 long. est.

4) 8 lat. sud., 3 long. est.

L
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Indic denumirea obiectului geografic ce corespunde coordonatelor geografice

identificate.
___________________________________________________________________
III. Clasificarea obiectelor geografice (12 puncte)
8.
n coloana A snt indicate denumiri de ruri, iar n coloana B unele caracteristici
ale lor. Scrie pe liniile din coloana A, cifrele corespunztoare din coloana B
Not:(cifrele pot fi scrise doar o singur dat, iar una dintre opiuni este n plus).
Coloana A
Coloana B
_______Dunrea
1. Tipul de alimentaie predominant este
glaciar.
_______ Congo
2. Formeaz mpreun cu afluenii si cel mai
mare bazin hidrografic.
________Amudaria
3. Formeaz la gura de vrsare o delt.
_______Amazon
4. Este cel mai mare dup lungime din lume.
5. ntretaie de dou ori ecuatorul.
9.

Clasific statele, enumerate mai jos, n patru grupe, conform gradului de asigurare
cu resurse naturale. Scrie denumirea grupului de state i cte dou exemple
corespunztoare.
Australia, Arabia Saudit, Brazilia, Germania, Lituania, Iran, Belarus, Japonia.

1.

1.

1.

1.

2.

2.

2.

2.

IV.
10.

Analiza relaiilor cauzale dintre componentele mediului geografic (8 puncte)

Analiznd harta economic a Marii Britanii:
a) Dedu o deosebire n specializarea zootehniei n Regiunea de Nord i de Sud
a acestui stat
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
b) Explic o cauz ce determin aceast deosebire
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

11.

Explic cte un factor ce a determinat amplasarea centrelor industriei siderurgice n

Marea Britanie.
a) n centrul rii
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

L
0
1
2
3
4

L
0
1
2
3
4

L
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

L
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

L
0
1
2
3
4

L
0
1
2
3
4

L
0
1
2
3
4

L
0
1
2
3
4

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
b) pe litoralul de est al rii
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
V.
12.

Evaluarea proceselor i fenomenelor geografice (13 puncte)

L
0
1
2
3
4
5

L
0
1
2
3
4
5

L
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
b)___________________________________________________________________ 7
____________________________________________________________________ 8
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Msuri de soluionare:

L
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Analizeaz piramid pe grupe de vrst i sexe

a populaiei i indic:

a) tipul de state, dup nivelul de

dezvoltare economic, pentru care
este caracteristic aceast
piramid
___________________________
b) cauza principal care determin
ngustarea pronunat a bazei
piramidei____________________
___________________________
___________________________
c) cauza principal care determin
predominarea femeilor n grupa
populaiei vrstnice
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________

13.

Explic dou probleme demografice caracteristice pentru tipul de state reprezentat

prin piramida de mai sus i dou msuri de soluionare a acestor probleme.
Probleme demografice:
a)___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

a)___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
b)___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

VI.
14.

Eseu structurat (13 puncte)

Elaboreaz un eseu structurat la subiectul Poluarea aerului atmosferic, indicnd:
a) trei surse naturale de poluare a aerului atmosferic;
b) dou tipuri de surse artificiale de poluare a aerului atmosferic;
c) trei consecine pentru natur a polurii aerului atmosferic;
d) o consecin pentru om a polurii aerului atmosferic.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Total

L
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

L
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13